417 lines
59 KiB
XML
417 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="B32EA23A5B2E46AAE9630ADF3065887C" ID-CLB-Dataset="160069" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72def8b5-32ce-44ea-9b40-28a3d239c00c" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7145305" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611B0BC-F569-4135-A09C-6E527C2565A4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664918879762" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gentis, Nicolas, Licht, Alexis, Boura, Anaïs, Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa & Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume" docDate="2022" docId="03B787F6A213FFA4897BFF0AE57DEDAF" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.28.853-909.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (28)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pahudioxylon bankurensis Chowdhury, Ghosh & Kazmi" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="870" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EA200FFB08864FFDDE74BEA43" masterDocTitle="Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="909" masterPageNumber="853" pageNumber="870" updateTime="1699387669439" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods id="BDED000A5A63F5B9A3EA753EA6C59C3F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C1D24F82CEEF1843443A0EDB28CEA75E">
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<mods:title id="1282C3E7747E21A7B295C60EA98BB797">Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="315A0FC616CC0C7E660616CA472E8048" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A06A78174DF78F9A1076A5F518492A14">Gentis, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="46BEE2698408962CEF696D7270EDA63B">Licht, Alexis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="29F89E8F174A83D4F67B6DD5DB6061F4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FE582FAA73F4BC9FB1A7BD611D73ADCD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="45F88233CD61B8BE3D8530D6C2120758">Boura, Anaïs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="14E2DC9C591C5933ED67E40B0B9EDDD2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AF5B291BC1F7E38B9523D2B51A85FDA5">Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B07D0EC212A4C5DB9D4F8BBD4E21651D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DBF172EFBEDA1808E20DDF669838D751">Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9A59593C70FDCA1C29FFB58157072EE1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8C8E32871B0396553F94AD78D836968A">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F93D33C7640B45CBE642521083ACE2B4">
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<mods:date id="B4130707C06CBE4AFF34D2BD402283BD">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="32D353932D2A03A58FBD432E4791D489">2022-09-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E1F6ABE4D0E8A1C72C3FB520E477D7AF">44</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="AE8CD6E0D6871CBAC1D507470B207F13">853</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="BB30FD78D53DB2E0C96B43E370E0CAA9">909</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="E4ED94C547600464F8F4D67B4AF8FE55" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B787F6A213FFA4897BFF0AE57DEDAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7157561" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202152102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7157561" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A213FFA4897BFF0AE57DEDAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6A213FFA4897BFF0AE57DEDAF" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="870" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA213FFA3897BFF0AE526EAB1" box="[287,621,215,242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA3897BFF0AE526EAB1" blockId="19.[287,621,215,242]" box="[287,621,215,242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
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<heading id="D0E9818CA213FFA3897BFF0AE526EAB1" box="[287,621,215,242]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA3897BFF0AE526EAB1" authority="Chowdhury, Ghosh & Kazmi" authorityName="Chowdhury, Ghosh & Kazmi" box="[287,621,215,242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bankurensis">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA3897BFF0AE6F0EAB1" bold="true" box="[287,443,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Pahudioxylon</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38982FF0AE526EAB1" bold="true" box="[486,621,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">bankurensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA213FFA389F8FF2AE53DEB0B" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA389F8FF2AE6A4EB51" blockId="19.[412,495,247,274]" box="[412,495,247,274]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA389C1FF2AE6ADEB52" box="[421,486,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA388E0FEEDE53DEB0B" blockId="19.[132,630,304,329]" box="[132,630,304,329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
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Same synonymy list as
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38915FEEDE53BEB0B" box="[369,624,304,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bankurensis">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38915FEEDE53BEB0B" box="[369,624,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Pahudioxylon bankurensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA213FFA388E0FEBDE5D4E802" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA388E0FEBDE7B4EBD1" blockId="19.[132,774,352,402]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA213FFA388E0FEBDE7B4EBD1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372303" collectionCode="G, S, I" country="India" location="Geological Survey" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" specimenCode="P2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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ORIGINAL
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<typeStatus id="54A58842A213FFA38890FEB8E614EB35" box="[244,351,357,374]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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. —
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<location id="8EC1603BA213FFA389F6FEBDE504EB3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A213FFA4897BFF0AE57DEDAF:8EC1603BA213FFA389F6FEBDE504EB3B" box="[402,591,352,376]" country="India" name="Geological Survey" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Geological Survey</location>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="F3097670A213FFA38A13FEBDE5E6EB3B" box="[631,685,352,376]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25A213FFA38ADBFEBDE5B2EB3B" box="[703,761,352,376]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" type="Herbarium">G.S.I</collectionCode>
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.) no.
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA213FFA388C9FEA7E78CEBD1" box="[173,199,378,402]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" type="Herbarium">P2</specimenCode>
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/126.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA388E0FE77E69EE852" blockId="19.[131,775,426,529]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
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MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA213FFA3894DFE77E44AEB81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372325" box="[297,769,426,450]" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50184" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA213FFA3894DFE77E6A8EB81" box="[297,483,426,450]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">MNHN.F.50184</specimenCode>
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(field number: 17FN06)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA213FFA388E0FE19E50CEB9F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372312" box="[132,583,452,476]" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50185" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA213FFA388E0FE19E67CEB9F" box="[132,311,452,476]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">MNHN.F.50185</specimenCode>
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(field number: 17FN16)
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B763CBDA213FFA38A30FE19E69EE852" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3921372332" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" specimenCode="MNHN.F.50186" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DBB89E9BA213FFA38A30FE19E44CEB9F" box="[596,775,452,476]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">MNHN.F.50186</specimenCode>
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(field number: 17FN18). Estimated minimal diameter:
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<quantity id="4CE69B05A213FFA38AC6FE02E449EBB5" box="[674,770,479,503]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" unit="cm" value="19.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="10.0">10-28 cm</quantity>
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,
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<quantity id="4CE69B05A213FFA388E7FE24E7ADE852" box="[131,230,505,529]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" unit="cm" value="49.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="38.0">38-60 cm</quantity>
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for
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<specimenCount id="9D18FD69A213FFA38975FE24E63BE852" box="[273,368,505,529]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
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17FN18.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA388E0FDF4E5D4E802" blockId="19.[132,671,553,577]" box="[132,671,553,577]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">AGE. — Upper lower to lowermost middle Miocene.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BA213FFA388E0FD84E6ABEC0E" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA388E0FD84E5A0E832" blockId="19.[132,747,600,625]" box="[132,747,600,625]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
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LOCALITY. — Kalewa Township,
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<collectingRegion id="49DAF802A213FFA389B2FD85E53CE833" box="[470,631,600,624]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Sagaing Region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3097670A213FFA38AE6FD84E5ACE832" box="[642,743,601,625]" name="Myanmar" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA388E0FD4BE650E8F3" blockId="19.[131,776,662,1613]" box="[132,283,662,688]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA388E0FD68E6ABEC0E" blockId="19.[131,776,662,1613]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
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Wood diffuse-porous. Growth rings present, marked by marginal parenchyma bands (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA389A9FD08E569E8B3" box="[461,546,725,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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). Vessels mostly solitary (70-90%) or grouped by 2-4 (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA38A66FD28E513E953" box="[514,600,757,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
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), round to oval, 1-7 per mm² (average 3); tangential diameter 100-300 µm (average 200 µm). Tyloses absent. Vessel elements 160- 570 µm (average 310 µm) long. Perforation plates simple (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA388E9FCA8E794E9CC" box="[141,223,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
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). Intervessel pits alternate, 4-12 µm (average 8 µm) in diameter, apparently vestured (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA38A6DFC48E52EE9EC" box="[521,613,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
|
|
). Axial parenchyma lozenge-aliform to weakly confluent when vessels are close to each-other, and in marginal bands 1-7 cells wide, sometimes merging with the aliform parenchyma of smaller vessels (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA3893BFBC9E6F1EE6C" box="[351,442,1044,1071]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
|
); diffuse sometimes present, larger than fibres cells, often in the vicinity of the rays but also scattered among fibres (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA389DBFB89E578EE2C" box="[447,563,1108,1135]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
); parenchyma cells 40-145 µm (average 80 µm) long, 10-49 µm (average 25 µm) wide; 2-4 or more cells per parenchyma strands; crystals in chambered parenchyma cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA389BFFB69E564EE8D" box="[475,559,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
|
) (up to 16 crystals per parenchyma strands), mostly in the margin of aliform parenchyma and diffuse parenchyma. Rays 1- to 3-seriate (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA388EAFACEE7A0EF6D" box="[142,235,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
|
), storied in some places (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA38A7EFACEE53DEF6D" box="[538,630,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
|
), sometimes not storied, varying within the same specimen and among individuals, ripple marks visible with the naked eye to a greater or lesser extent for all specimens, 5-12 rays per mm (average 8), 130-400 µm (average 240 µm) or 6-20 cells high, homocellular made of procumbent cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A213FFA38AC0FA6EE5B1EF8E" box="[676,762,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,157,1364,1381]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1323]" captionTargetId="figure-267@20.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensis Chowdhury,Ghosh & Kazmi, MNHN.F.50184: A, Ts,mostly solitary vessels, aliform parenchyma with crystals in marginal cells (black arrow), marginal parenchyma (bottom) and diffuse parenchyma (white arrow); B, Ts, detail of diffuse parenchyma (white arrow), often in contact with rays; C, Tls, storied rays in some parts of the section;D, Tls,1-3-seriate homocellular rays in a non-storied part of the section; E, Rls, crystals in parenchyma strands, the strand on the left being diffuse parenchyma; F, Rls, homocellular ray; G, Tls, alternate intervessel pits, apparently vestured. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, 500 µm; B, D-E, 200 µm; F, 100 µm; G, 50 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145321/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Fibres thin to thick-walled (lumina 1.2 times the double wall thickness in average, for best preserved fibres), nonseptate, 8-26 µm (average 16 µm) wide, a storied tendency when it is the case for the rays.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA213FFA488E0F9AEE57DEDAF" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="871" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA388E0F9AEE647ECCE" blockId="19.[132,775,1651,2028]" box="[132,268,1651,1677]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA388E0F94EE35CEE8D" blockId="19.[132,775,1651,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
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|
Two out of
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D18FD69A213FFA3897AF94FE6AEECEF" box="[286,485,1682,1708]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
(MNHN.F.50184 and MNHN.F.50185) are very similar in color and mineralization, and display the same compression, suggesting that they might represent different parts of the same broken piece. The third specimen (MNHN.F.50186) has a different preservation and deformation, bigger and less dense vessels, but shares all the key characters of the first two. They are characterized by: 1) diffuse-porous wood; 2) exclusively simple perforation plates; 3) lozengealiform parenchyma; 4) marginal bands of parenchyma; and 5) 1-3-seriate and storied rays. These specimens are very close to our
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B99FF0AE269EAB2" box="[1021,1314,215,241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bankurensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B99FF0AE269EAB2" box="[1021,1314,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Pahudioxylon bankurensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
but display distinctive features that allow us to put them apart: the lozenge-aliform parenchyma is less extended, vessels (or vessel groups) are more separated from each other which leads to a lesser degree of confluence; clear diffuse parenchyma is present; the degree of storied structures is greater, as ripple marks are visible. No perfect match comes out on
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38B34FE6BE368EB92" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[848,1059,438,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward) with the storiation of rays taken into consideration as well as diffuse-parenchyma. These characters apart, our fossils share most features of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B2AFDCBE4D7E873" box="[846,924,534,560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B2AFDCBE4D7E873" box="[846,924,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Afzelia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38BBFFDCAE33FE873" box="[987,1140,534,560]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38BBFFDCAE351E873" box="[987,1050,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Intsia</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as well as of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38D7CFDCBE4E7E813" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bankurensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38D7CFDCBE4E7E813" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Pahudioxylon bankurensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The two living genera are yet rarely described with diffuse parenchyma or storied rays.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38C9BFD8BE4B9E8D3" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="19" pageNumber="870" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
mention diffuse parenchyma in only a few
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B3AFD4BE4E0E8F3" box="[862,939,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B3AFD4BE4E0E8F3" box="[862,939,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Afzelia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B88FD4BE333E8F3" box="[1004,1144,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Adenanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B88FD4BE333E8F3" box="[1004,1144,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Adenanthera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L. species. The latter having no storied structures nor more than four cells per parenchyma strands (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38C48FD08E24BE8B3" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[1068,1280,725,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward). Diffuse parenchyma is mentioned in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38CC9FD28E429E973" authority="Sm. ex Pers." authorityName="Pers." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38CC9FD28E217E94C" box="[1197,1372,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Afzelia africana</emphasis>
|
|
Sm. ex Pers.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38BF8FCCBE3A5E96C" authority="(Miq.) J. Leonard" authorityName="J. Leonard" baseAuthorityName="Miq." box="[924,1262,789,816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38BF8FCCBE351E96C" box="[924,1050,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">A. javanica</emphasis>
|
|
(Miq.) J. Léonard
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38C9BFCC8E4AAE90C" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="19" pageNumber="870" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38B97FCE8E388E90C" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[1011,1219,821,847]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38D51FCEBE423E933" author="FENG X. & JIN J. & LIAO W. & OSKOLSKI A. A." pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="486 - 498" refId="ref40954" refString="FENG X., JIN J., LIAO W. & OSKOLSKI A. A. 2015. - Wood of Pahudioxylon (Fabaceae) from the Miocene of Jialai-Nanbao Basin, Hainan Island, South China. International Journal of Plant Sciences 176 (5): 486 - 498. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 680554" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Feng
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38D12FCEBE2E4E90C" box="[1398,1455,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), but they have no or faint storied rays (as seen in figures of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38BC5FCA8E3FEE9CC" author="GERARD J. & LOUPPE D." box="[929,1205,885,911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" refId="ref41216" refString="GERARD J. & LOUPPE D. 2011. - Afzelia africana Sm. ex Pers. Prota 4 u. Available from https: // www. prota 4 u. org / database / protav 8. asp? h = M 26 & t = Afzelia _ africana & p = Afzelia + africana # MajorRef erences" type="journal volume" year="2011">Gérard & Louppe 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Storied tendency of the rays is mentioned for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38C36FC4BE3DBE9EC" box="[1106,1168,918,943]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Intsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38C36FC4BE3DBE9EC" box="[1106,1168,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Intsia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38CC6FC48E222E9EC" author="OGATA K. & FUJII T. & ABE H. & BAAS P." box="[1186,1385,917,943]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" refId="ref45115" refString="OGATA K., FUJII T., ABE H. & BAAS P. 2008. - Identification of the Timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Kaiseisha Press, Otsu-shi, 408 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 1087889669" type="book" year="2008">
|
|
Ogata
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38C8BFC4BE26DE9EC" box="[1263,1318,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38D1CFC48E4EFE98C" author="FENG X. & JIN J. & LIAO W. & OSKOLSKI A. A." pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="486 - 498" refId="ref40954" refString="FENG X., JIN J., LIAO W. & OSKOLSKI A. A. 2015. - Wood of Pahudioxylon (Fabaceae) from the Miocene of Jialai-Nanbao Basin, Hainan Island, South China. International Journal of Plant Sciences 176 (5): 486 - 498. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 680554" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Feng
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B49FC68E428E98C" box="[813,867,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38BD8FC68E25DE98C" authority="(Blanco) Fern." authorityName="Fern." baseAuthorityName="Blanco" box="[956,1302,949,976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38BD8FC68E323E98C" box="[956,1128,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">A. rhomboideae</emphasis>
|
|
(Blanco) Fern.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-Vill. and can be seen in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38BC9FC08E3B7E9AC" authority="(Kurz) Craib. It" authorityName="Craib. It" baseAuthorityName="Kurz" box="[941,1276,980,1007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xylocarpa">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38BC9FC08E373E9AD" box="[941,1080,980,1007]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">A. xylocarpa</emphasis>
|
|
(Kurz) Craib. It
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is noteworthly that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B00FC28E4A5EE4D" box="[868,1006,1012,1039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xylocarpa">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B00FC28E4A5EE4D" box="[868,1006,1012,1039]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">A. xylocarpa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38C4AFC28E2E5EE4D" authority="(Prain) J. Leonard" authorityName="J. Leonard" baseAuthorityName="Prain" box="[1070,1454,1012,1039]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martabanica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38C4AFC28E396EE4D" box="[1070,1245,1012,1039]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">A. martabanica</emphasis>
|
|
(Prain) J.Léonard
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
grow today in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A213FFA38BBCFBC8E30CEE6C" box="[984,1095,1045,1071]" name="Myanmar" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38C3CFBC9E3B0EE6C" author="LEONARD J. J. G." box="[1112,1275,1044,1071]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="61 - 66" refId="ref43484" refString="LEONARD J. J. G. 1950. - Note sur les genres paleotropicaux Afzelia, Intsia et Pahudia (Legum. - Caesalp.). Reinwardtia 1 (1): 61 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.14203 / reinwardtia. v 1 i 1.1039" type="journal article" year="1950">Léonard 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38D6FFBC9E2E3EE6D" author="POWO" box="[1291,1448,1044,1070]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" refId="ref45696" refString="POWO 2019. - Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from http: // www. plantsoftheworldonline. org [accessed 7 July 2022]" type="url" year="2019">POWO 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38B49FBE8E4E3EE0D" author="HAW S. G." box="[813,936,1076,1103]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="505 - 518" refId="ref42052" refString="HAW S. G. 2019. - The genus Afzelia and the Belitung ship. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 29 (3): 505 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1356186319000105" type="journal article" year="2019">Haw 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The latter is restricted to this area, but no information on its wood anatomy or ecology is available. We consider that no single species can be assigned as NLR, but the genera
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38C43FB49E3F0EEED" box="[1063,1211,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38C43FB49E33FEEED" box="[1063,1140,1172,1198]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Afzelia</taxonomicName>
|
|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38C19FB48E3F0EEED" box="[1149,1211,1173,1198]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Intsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Intsia</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
as a whole regarding diffuse parenchyma.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA38B27FB09E33AEDCF" blockId="19.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
|
|
Similarities are found between our specimens and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38D1AFB09E2E9EF4D" authority="Prakash & Tripathi (1968" authorityName="Prakash & Tripathi" authorityYear="1968" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Adenantheroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pavoninium">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38D1AFB09E308EF4E" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Adenantheroxylon pavoninium</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38C2DFB2EE210EF4E" author="PRAKASH U. & TRIPATHI P. P." box="[1097,1371,1267,1294]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="115 - 116" refId="ref46429" refString="PRAKASH U. & TRIPATHI P. P. 1968. - Fossil wood of Adenanthera and Swintonia from the Tertiary of Assam. Current Science 37 (4): 115 - 116. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 24072989" type="journal article" year="1968">Prakash & Tripathi (1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38D03FB2EE2E9EF4D" author="PRAKASH U. & TRIPATHI P. P." box="[1383,1442,1267,1294]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="22 - 32" refId="ref46476" refString="PRAKASH U. & TRIPATHI P. P. 1969. - Fossil woods of Leguminosae and Anacardiaceae from the Tertiary of Assam. The Palaeobotanist 17: 22 - 32 (1968). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 1968.535" type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), but
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B3CFAC9E4BDEF6E" authorityName="Prakash & Tripathi" authorityYear="1968" box="[856,1014,1300,1326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Adenantheroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pavoninium">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B3CFAC9E4BDEF6E" box="[856,1014,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">A. pavoninium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has commonly 2-seriate rays, vasicentric parenchyma (rarely aliform) and no marginal parenchyma. Among species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B88FA8EE332EF2E" box="[1004,1145,1363,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B88FA8EE332EF2E" box="[1004,1145,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Pahudioxylon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, our specimens are very close to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B28FAAEE32CEFCE" box="[844,1127,1395,1421]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bankurensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B28FAAEE32CEFCE" box="[844,1127,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Pahudioxylon bankurensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as well as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38C87FAA9E3C9EFED" authority="(Louvet) Prakash (Prakash et al. 1967)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kiliani">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38C87FAA9E20CEFCE" box="[1251,1351,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">P. kiliani</emphasis>
|
|
(Louvet) Prakash (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38BFCFA4EE33EEFEE" author="PRAKASH U. & BOUREAU E. & LOUVET P." box="[920,1141,1427,1453]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="505 - 509" refId="ref46620" refString="PRAKASH U., BOUREAU E. & LOUVET P. 1967. - Les plants ligneux convergents et la nomenclature de bois de Legumineuses Tertiaires du Sahara et d'Asie. Taxon 16 (6): 505 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1216954" type="journal article" year="1967">
|
|
Prakash
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B9DFA49E379EFEE" box="[1017,1074,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1967
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Storied rays (or a storied tendency) and diffuse parenchyma are only (and variably) found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38BFDFA09E24FEFAE" authority="(Feng et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Feng" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[921,1284,1491,1518]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bankurensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38BFDFA09E378EFAE" box="[921,1075,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">P. bankurensis</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38C27FA0EE3B0EFAD" author="FENG X. & JIN J. & LIAO W. & OSKOLSKI A. A." box="[1091,1275,1491,1518]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="486 - 498" refId="ref40954" refString="FENG X., JIN J., LIAO W. & OSKOLSKI A. A. 2015. - Wood of Pahudioxylon (Fabaceae) from the Miocene of Jialai-Nanbao Basin, Hainan Island, South China. International Journal of Plant Sciences 176 (5): 486 - 498. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 680554" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Feng
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38CE6FA09E3F2EFAE" box="[1154,1209,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The specimen no. 5790 of Vozenin-Serra & Privé-Gill (1989), attributed to the species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38BA7F9CEE350EC6F" authorityName="Ramanujam" authorityYear="1967" box="[963,1051,1554,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ingoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sahnii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38BA7F9CEE350EC6F" box="[963,1051,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">P. sahnii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38CD6F9CEE20CEC6F" box="[1202,1351,1554,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bankurensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38CD6F9CEE20CEC6F" box="[1202,1351,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">P. bankurensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) displays the same diffuse parenchyma and portions of the wood with storied rays; in addition,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38C22F98EE247EC2E" author="FENG X. & JIN J. & LIAO W. & OSKOLSKI A. A." box="[1094,1292,1618,1645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="486 - 498" refId="ref40954" refString="FENG X., JIN J., LIAO W. & OSKOLSKI A. A. 2015. - Wood of Pahudioxylon (Fabaceae) from the Miocene of Jialai-Nanbao Basin, Hainan Island, South China. International Journal of Plant Sciences 176 (5): 486 - 498. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 680554" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Feng
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38CE7F98EE3F2EC2F" box="[1155,1209,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2015)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
also described some specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B9EF9AEE3C7ECCF" box="[1018,1164,1650,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bankurensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B9EF9AEE3C7ECCF" box="[1018,1164,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">P. bankurensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
for which the parenchyma is not in contact with vessels and could be interpreted as diffuse parenchyma (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38C72F96EE248EC8F" author="FENG X. & JIN J. & LIAO W. & OSKOLSKI A. A." box="[1046,1283,1714,1741]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="486 - 498" refId="ref40954" refString="FENG X., JIN J., LIAO W. & OSKOLSKI A. A. 2015. - Wood of Pahudioxylon (Fabaceae) from the Miocene of Jialai-Nanbao Basin, Hainan Island, South China. International Journal of Plant Sciences 176 (5): 486 - 498. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 680554" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Feng
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38C36F96EE3CCEC8F" box="[1106,1159,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2015: 489
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, fig. 2K). These features seem to be variable among individuals of the same species and among the species of the same genus, and we do not consider them as diagnostic to establish a new species or to exclusively attribute the specimens to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38D7AF8ECE4E7ED28" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bankurensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38D7AF8ECE4E7ED28" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Pahudioxylon bankurensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Consequently, we assign these specimens to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B4BF8ACE322EDC8" box="[815,1129,1905,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pahudioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bankurensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B4BF8ACE489EDC8" box="[815,962,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Pahudioxylon</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B8EF8ACE322EDC8" box="[1002,1129,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">bankurensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A213FFA48B27F84CE57DEDAF" blockId="19.[811,1457,215,2028]" lastBlockId="20.[131,775,1523,2028]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="871" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38B27F84CE4C5EDE8" box="[835,910,1937,1963]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B27F84CE4C5EDE8" box="[835,910,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Afzelia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are tropical trees present in Africa and Asia at low elevation up to
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A213FFA38BB2F86CE355ED8F" box="[982,1054,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
|
altitude (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38CE8F86CE3A6ED88" author="ALI S. I." box="[1164,1261,1969,1995]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" refId="ref37781" refString="ALI S. I. 1973. - Caesalpiniaceae. Vol. 54. Karachi, Dept. of Botany, Univeristy of Karachi, 47 p. (Flora of Pakistan). http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 2349346" type="book" year="1973">Ali 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38C9EF86FE2E3ED88" author="HOU D. & LARSEN K. & LARSEN S. S." box="[1274,1448,1969,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" pagination="409 - 730" refId="ref42189" refString="HOU D., LARSEN K. & LARSEN S. S. 1996. - Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 12 (2): 409 - 730. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532557" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
|
Hou
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38D50F86FE223ED88" box="[1332,1384,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1996
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A213FFA38B49F80CE4A7EDA8" author="ORWA C. & MUTUA A. & KINDT R. & JAMNADASS R. & SIMONS A." box="[813,1004,2001,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" refId="ref45165" refString="ORWA C., MUTUA A., KINDT R., JAMNADASS R. & SIMONS A. 2009. - Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. World Agroforestry Centre, Kenya. Available from http: // apps. worldagroforestry. org / treedb 2 /" type="url" year="2009">
|
|
Orwa
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38B10F80FE4E1EDA8" box="[884,938,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A213FFA38C61F80CE31BEDA8" box="[1029,1104,2001,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="870" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A213FFA38C61F80CE31BEDA8" box="[1029,1104,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="870">Afzelia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
trees grow in mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forests, on well-drained soils and in periodically inundated lowlands (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A214FFA48A69F9CFE64BEC0E" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="20" pageNumber="871" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The habitat of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A214FFA489D9F9EEE6B1EC0F" box="[445,506,1587,1612]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Intsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="20" pageNumber="871" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A214FFA489D9F9EEE6B1EC0F" box="[445,506,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="871">Intsia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is given p. 868. Among the available species with sometimes diffuse parenchyma,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A214FFA488E1F9AFE67BECCF" box="[133,304,1650,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="20" pageNumber="871" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A214FFA488E1F9AFE67BECCF" box="[133,304,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="871">Afzelia africana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is tolerant to a wide range of climate from humid to dry forests, but is essentially found in the savanna woodland/dense dry forests borders and in semi-deciduous forests up to
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A214FFA48977F90FE622ECAF" box="[275,361,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="871" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
|
altitude; it can also occur in lowland rainforests, dry forests, gallery forests, periodically inundated areas and savannas, but commonly requires annual rainfall above
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A214FFA4897FF8EFE633ED0F" box="[283,376,1842,1868]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="871" unit="mm" value="900.0">900 mm</quantity>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A214FFA489E1F8EFE572ED0F" author="ORWA C. & MUTUA A. & KINDT R. & JAMNADASS R. & SIMONS A." box="[389,569,1841,1868]" pageId="20" pageNumber="871" refId="ref45165" refString="ORWA C., MUTUA A., KINDT R., JAMNADASS R. & SIMONS A. 2009. - Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. World Agroforestry Centre, Kenya. Available from http: // apps. worldagroforestry. org / treedb 2 /" type="url" year="2009">
|
|
Orwa
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A214FFA489ACF8EFE6B0ED08" box="[456,507,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="871">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A214FFA48A21F8ECE7F6ED2F" author="GERARD J. & LOUPPE D." pageId="20" pageNumber="871" refId="ref41216" refString="GERARD J. & LOUPPE D. 2011. - Afzelia africana Sm. ex Pers. Prota 4 u. Available from https: // www. prota 4 u. org / database / protav 8. asp? h = M 26 & t = Afzelia _ africana & p = Afzelia + africana # MajorRef erences" type="journal volume" year="2011">Gérard & Louppe 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A214FFA488AAF88CE60DED2F" author="HILLS R." box="[206,326,1873,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="871" pagination="67742420" refId="ref42140" refString="HILLS R. 2020. - Afzelia africana. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e. T 33032 A 67742420. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2020 - 3. RLTS. T 33032 A 67742420. en" type="journal article" year="2020">Hills 2020</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A214FFA4893AF88CE546ED28" box="[350,525,1873,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Afzelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="20" pageNumber="871" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A214FFA4893AF88CE546ED28" box="[350,525,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="871">Afzelia javanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grows in primary and secondary forests, in dry places, mostly in lowlands up to
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<quantity id="4CE69B05A214FFA488E0F84CE780EDEF" box="[132,203,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="871" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
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altitude (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A214FFA48952F84FE6A9EDE8" author="HOU D. & LARSEN K. & LARSEN S. S." box="[310,482,1937,1964]" pageId="20" pageNumber="871" pagination="409 - 730" refId="ref42189" refString="HOU D., LARSEN K. & LARSEN S. S. 1996. - Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 12 (2): 409 - 730. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532557" type="journal article" year="1996">
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Hou
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A214FFA4890BF84FE6E8EDE8" box="[367,419,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="871">et al.</emphasis>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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). These two species, pending more comprehensive anatomical data on the genus, are considered as the most adequate NLR.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |