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<document id="B049F8A89F3341368C7FD1039DF901F4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181066" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e340a0c-b13c-43f7-b8df-e0c7a589094c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181066" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459826386589" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hooge, Matthew D. &amp; Tyler, Seth" docDate="2008" docId="0390C135C51A966BA5A4FD4EFE1A7352" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01719p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1719" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Childia crassum Westblad 1942" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFA9B94DC5189668A533FF91FFB87058" masterDocTitle="Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Bocas del Toro, Panama" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698222319859" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0C10671507A6C7380A3DCFD3BA097A9F">Acoela (Acoelomorpha) from Bocas del Toro, Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D0E6B9AB54601307983B438AD2E270D4">2008</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0390C135C51A966BA5A4FD4EFE1A7352" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6231357" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119356791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6231357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0390C135C51A966BA5A4FD4EFE1A7352" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390C135C51A966BA5A4FD4EFE1A7352" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C32323A8C51A966AA5A4FD4EFE897344" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B867023C51A966AA5A4FD4EFD8E72A1" blockId="2.[151,566,666,796]" box="[151,566,735,761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0CEC74FC51A966AA5A4FD4EFD8E72A1" bold="true" box="[151,566,735,761]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C51A966AA5A4FD4EFD8E72A1" authority="Westblad, 1942" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,566,735,761]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Childiidae" genus="Childia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51A966AA5A4FD4EFD8E72A1" bold="true" box="[151,566,735,761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51A966AA5A4FD4EFEE572A1" bold="true" box="[151,349,735,761]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Childia crassum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA45FFD4EFD9672A1" author="Westblad" box="[364,558,735,761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" refString="Westblad, E. (1942) Studien uber skandinavische Turbellaria Acoela. II. Arkiv for Zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1942">Westblad, 1942</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B867023C51A966AA5A4FC93FE897344" blockId="2.[151,566,666,796]" box="[151,305,770,796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
(
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C51A966AA5ACFC93FF547344" box="[159,236,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1955,1979]" captionTargetBox="[271,1317,1101,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,1101,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of living specimens. A. Childia crassum. B. Male copulatory organ of Childia crassum. C. Childia groenlandica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181067/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, B)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32323A8C51A966AA5A4FCC3FC2B7391" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B867023C51A966AA5A4FCC3FCCC73F1" blockId="2.[151,1436,850,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C51A966AA5A4FCC3FDE57331" authority="Westblad 1942" authorityName="Westblad" authorityYear="1942" box="[151,605,850,873]" family="Mecynostomidae" genus="Paraphanostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51A966AA5A4FCC3FE177331" box="[151,431,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paraphanostoma crassum</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA48DFCC3FDE57331" author="Westblad" box="[446,605,850,873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" refString="Westblad, E. (1942) Studien uber skandinavische Turbellaria Acoela. II. Arkiv for Zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1942">Westblad 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 14);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA78FFCC3FCE37331" author="Westblad" box="[700,859,850,873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" refString="Westblad, E. (1948) Studien uber skandinavische Turbellaria Acoela. V. Arkiv for Zoologi, 41 A, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1948">Westblad 1948</bibRefCitation>
(p. 23);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA689FCC3FBFF7331" author="Marcus" box="[954,1095,850,873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Marcus, E. (1950) Turbellaria Brasileiros (8). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras Universidade de Sao Paulo Zoologia, 15, 5 - 192." type="journal article" year="1950">Marcus 1950</bibRefCitation>
(p. 427);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA180FCC3FAEA7331" author="Westblad" box="[1203,1362,850,873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" refString="Westblad, E. (1954) Some Hydroidea and Turbellaria from Western Norway with description of three new species of Turbellaria. Publications from the Biological Station 11, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1954">Westblad 1954</bibRefCitation>
(p. 4);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA5F4FCE3FEEC73D1" author="Marcus" box="[199,340,882,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Marcus, E. (1954) Turbellaria Brasileiros (11). Papeis Avulsos Departamento de Zoologia Secretaria da Agricultura Sao Paulo, 11, 419 - 489." type="journal article" year="1954">Marcus 1954</bibRefCitation>
(p. 427);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA48CFCE3FD8E73D1" author="Riedl" box="[447,566,882,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" refString="Riedl, R. J. (1956) Zur Kenntnis der Turbellarien adriatischer Schlammboeden sowie ihre goegraphische und faunistische Beziehung. Thalassia Jugoslavica, 1, 69 - 180." type="journal article" year="1956">Riedl 1956</bibRefCitation>
(p. 89);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA7A6FCE3FCA073D1" author="Dorjes" box="[661,792,882,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Dorjes, J. (1968) Die Acoela (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseekuste und ein neues System der Ordnung. Zeitschrift fr Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 6, 56 - 452." type="journal article" year="1968">Dörjes 1968</bibRefCitation>
(p. 112);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA6B0FCE3FB3673D1" author="Dorjes" box="[899,1166,882,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Dorjes, J. &amp; Karling, T. G. (1975) Species of Turbellaria Acoela in the Swedish Museum of Natural History, with remarks on their anatomy, taxonomy and distribution. Zoologica Scripta, 4, 175 - 189." type="journal article" year="1975">Dörjes and Karling 1975</bibRefCitation>
(p. 183);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA1C9FCE3FA2473D1" author="Lauckner" box="[1274,1436,882,905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Lauckner, G. (1980) Diseases of Platyhelminthes. In: O. Kinne (Ed) Diseases of marine animals, Vol 1. General aspects, Protozoa to Gastropoda, New York, John Wiley &amp; Sons, 279 - 302." type="journal article" year="1980">Lauckner 1980</bibRefCitation>
(p. 292);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA41AFC03FE5F73F1" author="Reuter" box="[297,487,914,937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" refString="Reuter, M., Raikova, O. I., Jondelius, U., Gustafsson, M. K. S. &amp; Maule, A. G. (2001) Organisation of the nervous system in the Acoela: An immunocytochemical study. Tissue &amp; Cell, 33, 119 - 128." type="journal article" year="2001">Reuter et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
(p. 122);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA763FC03FCA773F1" author="Raikova" box="[592,799,914,937]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Raikova, O. I., Reuter, M., Gustafsson, M. K. S., Maule, A., Halton, D. W. &amp; Jondelius, U. (2004) Evolution of the nervous system in Paraphanostoma (Acoela). Zoologica Scripta, 33, 71 - 88." type="journal article" year="2004">Raikova et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
(p. 72).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B867023C51A966AA5A4FC23FC2B7391" blockId="2.[151,1436,850,969]" box="[151,915,946,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C51A966AA5A4FC23FDBD7391" authority="Tekle et al. 2005" authorityName="Tekle et al." authorityYear="2005" box="[151,517,946,969]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Childiidae" genus="Childia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51A966AA5A4FC23FEFD7391" box="[151,325,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Childia crassum</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA467FC23FDBD7391" author="Tekle" box="[340,517,946,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" refString="Tekle, Y. I., Raikova, O. I., Ahmadzadeh, A. &amp; Jonelius, U. (2005) Revision of the Childiidae (Acoela), a total evidence approach in reconstructing the phylogeny of acoels with reversed muscle layers. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43, 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2005">Tekle et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 73);
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51A966AA752FC23FC887391" author="Raikova" box="[609,816,946,969]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Raikova, O. I., Tekle, Y. I., Reuter, M., Gustafsson, M. K. S. &amp; Jondelius, U. (2006) Copulatory organ musculature in Childia (Acoela) as revealed by phalloidin fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Tissue &amp; Cell, 38, 219 - 232." type="journal article" year="2006">Raikova et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
(p. 220).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32323A8C51A966BA5A4FC6BFD12715A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B867023C51A966AA5A4FC6BFA22744C" blockId="2.[151,1434,1018,1044]" box="[151,1434,1018,1044]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51A966AA5A4FC6BFEBC744C" bold="true" box="[151,260,1018,1044]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material</emphasis>
. Living specimens in squeeze preparations, whole mounts for fluorescence imaging of musculature.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4620ABC51A966AA5A4F832FE1977B9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181067/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[271,1317,1101,1930]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B867023C51A966AA5A4F832FE1977B9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1955,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51A966AA5A4F832FEA177E3" bold="true" box="[151,281,1955,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs of living specimens. A.
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C51A966AA7DDF832FC2677E2" box="[750,926,1955,1978]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Childiidae" genus="Childia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51A966AA7DDF832FC2677E2" box="[750,926,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Childia crassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. B. Male copulatory organ of
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C51A966AA1D5F832FA2C77E2" box="[1254,1428,1955,1978]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Childiidae" genus="Childia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51A966AA1D5F832FA2C77E2" box="[1254,1428,1955,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Childia crassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. C.
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C51A966AA585F85BFE2177B9" box="[182,409,1994,2017]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Childiidae" genus="Childia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="groenlandica">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51A966AA585F85BFE2177B9" box="[182,409,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Childia groenlandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B867023C51B966BA5F5FF06FD12715A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51B966BA5F5FF06FE8670E9" bold="true" box="[198,318,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Localities</emphasis>
. Pond Sock Reef (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D16E4C51B966BA714FF09FD7470EA" box="[551,716,152,178]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="9.288306">9°1717.9” N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D16E4C51B966BA7E9FF09FC2D70EA" box="[730,917,152,178]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-82.32775">82°1939.9” W</geoCoordinate>
), from fine-grained sand at
<quantity id="4CC1DDC6C51B966BA1DAFF09FAA170EA" box="[1257,1305,152,178]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
depth collected from sediment surrounding a sunken boat;
<collectingCountry id="F32E30B3C51B966BA7C3FF51FCA27082" box="[752,794,192,218]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Isla</collectingCountry>
Colon, Mangrove Inn (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D16E4C51B966BA108FF51FB6B7082" box="[1083,1235,192,218]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="9.331166">9°19.870 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D16E4C51B966BA1D1FF51FA367082" box="[1250,1422,192,218]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="1" value="-82.25477">82°15.286 W</geoCoordinate>
), from fine-grained sand at
<quantity id="4CC1DDC6C51B966BA4F4FF79FDA9715A" box="[455,529,232,258]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">34 m</quantity>
water depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32323A8C51B966BA5F5FE9EFE1C721A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B867023C51B966BA5F5FE9EFBBD710A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51B966BA5F5FE9EFEEF7171" bold="true" box="[198,343,271,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
. Mature specimens ~650 µm long and ~160 µm wide (
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C51B966BA6DAFE81FB937172" box="[1001,1067,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1955,1979]" captionTargetBox="[271,1317,1101,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,1101,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of living specimens. A. Childia crassum. B. Male copulatory organ of Childia crassum. C. Childia groenlandica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181067/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). Anterior end rounded; posterior sometimes somewhat pointed. Body without conspicuous coloration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B867023C51B966BA5A4FEF1FADC71AA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Body-wall musculature with longitudinal fibers positioned outside of circular fibers. Ventral musculature with U1 and U2 muscles (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51B966BA4EDFE19FD1271FA" author="Tekle" box="[478,682,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" refString="Tekle, Y. I., Raikova, O. I., Ahmadzadeh, A. &amp; Jonelius, U. (2005) Revision of the Childiidae (Acoela), a total evidence approach in reconstructing the phylogeny of acoels with reversed muscle layers. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43, 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2005">Tekle et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
): muscles that are longitudinally oriented in the anterior half of body and wrap around posterior rim of mouth, and modified circular muscles whose mid-points line the posterior rim of the mouth and whose lateral extensions are positioned anterior to the mouth (data not shown).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B867023C51B966BA5F5FD91FE1C721A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Separate male and female gonopores. Male copulatory organ with fine penis stylets in cone-shaped arrangement (
<figureCitation id="13026CA6C51B966BA40AFDB9FEC4721A" box="[313,380,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1955,1979]" captionTargetBox="[271,1317,1101,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,1101,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of living specimens. A. Childia crassum. B. Male copulatory organ of Childia crassum. C. Childia groenlandica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181067/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32323A8C51B966BA5F5FDDEFE1A7352" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B867023C51B966BA5F5FDDEFE1A7352" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51B966BA5F5FDDEFE807231" bold="true" box="[198,312,591,617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks</emphasis>
. Prior to this collection,
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C51B966BA743FDC1FC8E7231" box="[624,822,592,617]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Childiidae" genus="Childia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51B966BA743FDC1FC8E7231" box="[624,822,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Childia crassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known only from the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean (see Tyler et al. 2006). Our specimens were approximately half the length of those originally described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51B966BA58CFD31FE3F72E2" author="Westblad" box="[191,391,672,698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" refString="Westblad, E. (1942) Studien uber skandinavische Turbellaria Acoela. II. Arkiv for Zoologi, 33 A, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1942">Westblad (1942)</bibRefCitation>
, with correspondingly smaller internal structures. Members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C51B966BA031FD31FAE272E1" box="[1282,1370,672,697]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Childiidae" genus="Childia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51B966BA031FD31FAE272E1" box="[1282,1370,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Childia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have species-specific patterns of body-wall musculature, and our specimens matched that described for
<taxonomicName id="4C390BA0C51B966BA02BFD59FA2472B9" box="[1304,1436,712,737]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Childiidae" genus="Childia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis id="B94DAC31C51B966BA02BFD59FA2472B9" box="[1304,1436,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. crassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA80DD2C51B966BA5FEFD61FE2D7352" author="Tekle" box="[205,405,752,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" refString="Tekle, Y. I., Raikova, O. I., Ahmadzadeh, A. &amp; Jonelius, U. (2005) Revision of the Childiidae (Acoela), a total evidence approach in reconstructing the phylogeny of acoels with reversed muscle layers. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43, 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2005">Tekle et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>