206 lines
22 KiB
XML
206 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="E42875D136BB517E0A2547753167BDBB" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F507139948FFF406A1FA71F975FCB5" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Bos sauveli Urbain 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="575" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="574" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="AC51829EC4772224D41A297A7784545B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="56117A5B943CE8EB53E1445B478996BA">
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<mods:title id="ECD79971B2D4F6A7DC3B9D06FC50E1B9">Bovidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="482D63E356B4EFD3C58A1400FBC6B1F8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="41C46F86A97FED3B03FF056806905281">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="4B2E2FB588388A5DE9EDD5A05C9D3FBB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A017FC3CE3A53A93D80B0A14235278B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="22C38F7DBF4C6F76535CAA6DA6842AD2">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6E870AAEC4A023EA2E86CC68185E96A1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="DE9979174C1DA531C51B04CB2187DA42">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="72C537891FFC8985C68E14C236E92A2D" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="48518B076BF75B4A9C94FBB0089B77D6">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="9A46CC44512440CD089C87444D8EF42F">
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<mods:placeTerm id="F48282AD98B05F791C6788162362BB3B">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E51F16A8E75FE76104D9DF6A74FF6B50">
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<mods:title id="D8B0797267BD164597ABBB35342B6182">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1A01F93C869D9B3526E1C69BE8BF2CFA">
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<mods:identifier id="78733EBC389740ED027F96FE5AF36189" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6512484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C5FEB8E94A1A34ED756075BEBB227CCA" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F507139948FFF406A1FA71F975FCB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6638377" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6638377" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F507139948FFF406A1FA71F975FCB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F507139948FFF406A1FA71F975FCB5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF306A1FA71FA3AF9A0" box="[1463,1495,1523,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF306A1FA71FA3AF9A0" blockId="3.[1461,2039,1523,1649]" box="[1463,1495,1523,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<heading id="D0AB01699948FFF306A1FA71FA3AF9A0" box="[1463,1495,1523,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA809948FFF306A1FA71FA3AF9A0" box="[1463,1495,1523,1569]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="12.[94,124,3393,3418]" captionTargetBox="[11,2747,14,3636]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="On following pages: 8. Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis); 9. Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis); 10. Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffen; 11. Lake Chad Buffalo (Syncerus brachyceros); 12. Virunga Buffalo (Syncerus mathewsi); 13. Forest Buffalo (Syncerus nanus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">3.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF306F1FA71F977F9A0" box="[1511,1690,1523,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF306F1FA71F977F9A0" blockId="3.[1461,2039,1523,1649]" box="[1511,1690,1523,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<heading id="D0AB01699948FFF306F1FA71F977F9A0" box="[1511,1690,1523,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9948FFF306F1FA71F977F9A0" box="[1511,1690,1523,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Kouprey</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF305DDFA71F873F9A0" box="[1739,1950,1523,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF305DDFA71F873F9A0" blockId="3.[1461,2039,1523,1649]" box="[1739,1950,1523,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<heading id="D0AB01699948FFF305DDFA71F873F9A0" box="[1739,1950,1523,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869948FFF305DDFA71F873F9A0" ID-CoL="MLQ4" authority="Urbain, 1937" authorityName="Urbain" authorityYear="1937" box="[1739,1950,1523,1569]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sauveli">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179948FFF305DDFA71F873F9A0" box="[1739,1950,1523,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Bos sauveli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF306A0F9B1F81AF9EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF306A0F9B1F808F9C9" blockId="3.[1461,2039,1523,1649]" box="[1462,2021,1587,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<heading id="D0AB01699948FFF306A0F9B1F808F9C9" box="[1462,2021,1587,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A179948FFF306A0F9B1F9EEF9C9" bold="true" box="[1462,1539,1587,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9948FFF3051BF9B1F9B3F9C9" box="[1549,1630,1587,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Kouprey</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179948FFF30564F9B1F920F9C9" bold="true" box="[1650,1741,1587,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9948FFF305C1F9B1F8CAF9C9" box="[1751,1831,1587,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Kouprey</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179948FFF3042AF9B1F87AF9C9" bold="true" box="[1852,1943,1587,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9948FFF304B7F9B1F808F9C9" box="[1953,2021,1587,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Kuprey</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF306A0F9D8F81AF9EE" blockId="3.[1461,2039,1523,1649]" box="[1462,2039,1626,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<heading id="D0AB01699948FFF306A0F9D8F81AF9EE" box="[1462,2039,1626,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179948FFF306A0F9D8F941F9EE" bold="true" box="[1462,1708,1626,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9948FFF305A3F9D8F8EBF9EE" box="[1717,1798,1626,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Gray Ox</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9948FFF30403F9D8F81AF9EE" box="[1813,2039,1626,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Indochinese Forest Ox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF30B0BF91EF5F9F93C" box="[2077,2580,1692,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF30B0BF91EF5F9F93C" blockId="3.[2076,2663,1692,2117]" box="[2077,2580,1692,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179948FFF30B0BF91EF755F93C" bold="true" box="[2077,2232,1692,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869948FFF30BD5F91EF5E2F93C" ID-CoL="MLQ4" authority="Urbain, 1937" authorityName="Urbain" authorityYear="1937" box="[2243,2575,1692,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sauveli">Bos sauveli Urbain, 1937</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF30908F91EF661F965" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF30908F91EF661F965" blockId="3.[2076,2663,1692,2117]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC589948FFF30908F91EF661F965" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198352" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959948FFF30908F91EF783F965" name="Cambodia" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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, near Tchep Village.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF30B0AF968F93FF717" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF30B0AF968F93FF717" blockId="3.[2076,2663,1692,2117]" lastBlockId="3.[1461,2666,2125,3455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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An early genetic study, using mtDNA, suggested that Kouprey is not a valid species but rather a result of relatively recent hybridization among some
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<collectingRegion id="499878E79948FFF30AC1F8E2F58AF800" box="[2519,2663,1888,1921]" country="Botswana" name="South East" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">South-east</collectingRegion>
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Asian domestic and wild cattle such as the Banteng (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869948FFF30BB8F831F6B5F851" authorityName="d'Alton" authorityYear="1823" box="[2222,2392,1971,2000]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">B. javanicus</taxonomicName>
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). More convincing evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA supports its status as a species forming a clade with Banteng and Gaur (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869948FFF3095CF7A6F9F9F7EF" authorityName="C.H. Smith" authorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaurus">B. gaurus</taxonomicName>
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), despite some interbreeding at least with Banteng. Perhaps domesticated in the past. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF306A0F726F89DF68A" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D9948FFF306A0F726F89DF68A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512495/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" targetBox="[1461,2054,1700,2116]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF306A0F726F89DF68A" blockId="3.[1461,2666,2125,3455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179948FFF306A0F726F98BF73C" bold="true" box="[1462,1638,2212,2237]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Historically thought to occur in
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959948FFF30B2DF726F720F73C" box="[2107,2253,2212,2237]" name="Cambodia" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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, S
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959948FFF30BEEF726F6D7F73C" box="[2296,2362,2212,2237]" name="Laos" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Laos</collectingCountry>
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, SE
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959948FFF30A6FF726F617F73C" box="[2425,2554,2212,2237]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, and W
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959948FFF306A3F741F9C2F765" box="[1461,1583,2243,2276]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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, but perhaps wider. If still extant in the wild, probably restricted to several protected areas in E
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959948FFF305CCF768F881F68A" box="[1754,1900,2282,2315]" name="Cambodia" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF306A0F693F7BCF401" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF306A0F693F7BCF401" blockId="3.[1461,2666,2125,3455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179948FFF306A0F693F95EF6B3" bold="true" box="[1462,1715,2321,2354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 210-220 cm, tail 100-110 cm, shoulder height 170-190 cm; weight 700-900 kg. Male Koupreys are black to dark brown except for white/ grayish leggings; female Koupreys are grayish with paler underparts; very young Koupreys are reddish-brown, with both sexes becoming pale on the flanks. Both sexes have a dewlap (flap of skin) under their necks; it is much longer in males—up to
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09948FFF306A1F654F9E7F676" box="[1463,1546,2518,2551]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" unit="cm" value="43.0">43 cm</quantity>
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and almost to the ground in older males. The black muzzle of males has a dark chestnut brown area around it, as do the eyes. The wide-spreading black horns of male Koupreys curve outward and forward with shredded or frayed ends, to a degree that is unique among
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869948FFF305FDF5CEF8B4F5EC" box="[1771,1881,2636,2669]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bovidae</taxonomicName>
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(slight shredding of horn tip is sometimes seen in male Wisent,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869948FFF3053AF5F1F952F515" box="[1580,1727,2675,2708]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonasus">B. bonasus</taxonomicName>
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), and they may grow to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA41BE09948FFF30B09F5F1F798F515" box="[2079,2165,2675,2708]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" unit="cm" value="81.0">81 cm</quantity>
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||
with a spread of
|
||
<quantity id="4CA41BE09948FFF30A63F5F1F626F515" box="[2421,2507,2675,2708]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" unit="cm" value="84.0">84 cm</quantity>
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(based on one specimen). The horns of mature males in cross section are triangular and flat for the first
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||
<quantity id="4CA41BE09948FFF3053BF543F972F563" box="[1581,1695,2753,2786]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
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||
, and then they become round; heavy ridges extend along the ventral surface and a knife-life keel extends along the posterior edge for about
|
||
<quantity id="4CA41BE09948FFF30ABDF56BF5F2F48B" box="[2475,2591,2793,2826]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
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. The horns of females are smaller, more twisted, and lyre-sshaped. The nostril has a distinctive notch. Dental formulais10/3,C0/1,P 3/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 32. Maxillary tooth row is shorter in Kouprey than in other Asian cattle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF306A1F404F7CBF312" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF306A1F404F7CBF312" blockId="3.[1461,2666,2125,3455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A179948FFF306A1F404F9CBF426" bold="true" box="[1463,1574,2950,2983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Koupreys are said to primarily use open deciduous forests interspersed with open grasslands and savannas with scattered trees. Such areas are usually flat to rolling lowlands with seasonal climate and less than
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09948FFF30B60F456F717F474" box="[2166,2298,3028,3061]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" unit="mm" value="2000.0">2000 mm</quantity>
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of precipitation per year. Koupreys may use habitat mosaics that include semi-evergreen forests and will move a kilometer or more through dense forest to find foraging habitat with less overstory cover. Standing water and mineral licks are presumed to be important to Koupreys, and water can offer a refuge from predators.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9948FFF306AEF31BF7A1F2FE" pageId="3" pageNumber="574" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059948FFF306AEF31BF7A1F2FE" blockId="3.[1461,2666,2125,3455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179948FFF306AEF31BF956F33B" bold="true" box="[1464,1723,3225,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="574">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Herbivorous, presumably like other wild Asian cattle that eat a variety of grasses, sedges, herbaceous species, and some browse. The shredded ends of the horns may be caused by digging for tubers, or related to behaviors associated with the breeding season. The Kouprey has been described as a cautious feeder, making careful observations before advancing, and often doubling back. This may be a sign of human persecution rather than their general behavior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E994FFFF4034FFE97FDD4FE76" pageId="4" pageNumber="575" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605994FFFF4034FFE97FDD4FE76" blockId="4.[86,1292,277,828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A17994FFFF4034FFE97FF32FEB3" bold="true" box="[89,223,277,306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is very little specific information available for this species, but presumably like other wild Asian cattle. Breeding activities are probably most concentrated in April. Females leave their group to give birth and may not return for a month. A single calf per adult female is born from December to February. Calves are born reddishbrown but become grayish if female and blackish if male at 4-5 months;little horns are apparent by six months of age.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E994FFFF40341FE7FFE72FD12" pageId="4" pageNumber="575" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605994FFFF40341FE7FFE72FD12" blockId="4.[86,1292,277,828]" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A17994FFFF40341FE7FFEAFFD9F" bold="true" box="[87,322,509,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is very little specific information available for this species, but presumably like other wild Asian cattle with alternating patterns of feeding and ruminating/ rest. Koupreys bed in tight circles in early afternoon and become active in late afternoon and evening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E994FFFF4034EFD1DF878FEDD" pageId="4" pageNumber="575" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605994FFFF4034EFD1DF878FEDD" blockId="4.[86,1292,277,828]" lastBlockId="4.[1360,2565,280,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A17994FFFF4034EFD1DFCE0FD3D" bold="true" box="[88,781,671,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Koupreys may wander up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA41BE0994FFFF407B3FD1DFB11FD3D" box="[1189,1276,671,700]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="575" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
/ night in search of forage and may move to higher elevations in the rainy season. They occur in small but non-cohesive groups that may be as large as 20 during the rainy season, often led by an old female. Males occur in bachelor groups outside of the breeding season. In the past, Koupreys were observed among herds of Bantengs particularly after the breeding season of both species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E994FFFF40644FEE0FA01FD17" pageId="4" pageNumber="575" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605994FFFF40644FEE0FA01FD17" blockId="4.[1360,2565,280,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A17994FFFF40644FEE0F92EFE02" bold="true" box="[1362,1731,354,387]" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix I. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Koupreys have not been observed in the wild since the 1960s, and no individuals exist in captivity. Habitat destruction and poaching for use in traditional medicine and as trophies are largely responsible for the demise of the Kouprey. Because of the rarity (or possible extinction) of the Kouprey, surveys may be unproductive, and conservation efforts should focus on protection and recovery of habitats in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695994FFFF40403FDD0F844FDEE" box="[1813,1961,594,623]" name="Cambodia" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
that benefit large mammal communities in general.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E994FFFF40644FD2BF975FCB5" pageId="4" pageNumber="575" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B605994FFFF40644FD2BF975FCB5" blockId="4.[1360,2565,280,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A17994FFFF40644FD2BFA01FD3F" bold="true" box="[1362,1516,681,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="575">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Coolidge (1940), Diolo (1995), Duckworth, Salter & Khounboline (1999), Duckworth, Timmins et al. (1994), Francis (2008), Galbreath et al. (2006, 2007), Gripson (2007), Hassanin & Ropiquet (2004, 2007a, 2007b), Huffman (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA41BE0994FFFF40508FD76F98DFC8C" box="[1566,1632,756,781]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.004" pageId="4" pageNumber="575" unit="g" value="2004.0">2004g</quantity>
|
||
), MacKinnon & Stuart (1989), Pfeffer & Ou (1967), Timmins, Hedges & Duckworth (2008), Wharton (1957, 1968).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |