199 lines
20 KiB
XML
199 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="22ACBC34F8B6F1C9CCA58E6A33232C6C" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F507139916FFAD03C2F3BDF880F870" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Connochaetes albojubatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="664" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="664" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="034B5D50DDEB61FEEF2343634920960E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="07780D7DA9D2E8EB0BC250AD45FD6A97">
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<mods:title id="E4F875196F1EBCC0AE26C1B6EF16CF96">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="64FE5E40AFCB317E0541C7F735E09950" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BF9AE214390784BB4F37321D08788F88">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="24D1CEEAA0484C4084CB0C6C02B8A70A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4EC661F02A4B0E0D3D34F9737C3FE020">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4297A2814B254C4BAE7B9748771D0564">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="204C4B155CFC12D5C754C4A932CAA10F">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="172615DBCE985D58B0C44F4867C5E028" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="3DB978112BFA012FF5AEFE9DC4BC6BD4">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="E7FF7CF7450222E3FD2ADE381F99EC82">
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<mods:placeTerm id="67720260EA9C8FBA25867D67B684AEAD">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2C011E57486AFF04450580E083BBC48B">
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<mods:title id="1EDF10C22F7D0B7DE503F7A73B22F01C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="08DA5CA3EE92BB062369EE4C8545243D">
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<mods:identifier id="F27C9A864E29FD8CF2CCB6CFC557E5C8" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F507139916FFAD03C2F3BDF880F870" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6636893" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6636893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F507139916FFAD03C2F3BDF880F870" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F507139916FFAD03C2F3BDF880F870" lastPageNumber="664" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03C2F3BDFEC9F3E8" box="[212,292,3135,3177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03C2F3BDFEC9F3E8" blockId="93.[208,1113,3135,3257]" box="[212,292,3135,3177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<heading id="D0AB01699916FFAD03C2F3BDFEC9F3E8" box="[212,292,3135,3177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA809916FFAD03C2F3BDFEC9F3E8" box="[212,292,3135,3177]" captionStart="Plate 43: Bovidae" captionStartId="92.[89,119,3433,3458]" captionTargetBox="[12,2756,14,3637]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="162. Black Wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou), 163. Blue Wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), 164. Johnston’s Wildebeest (Connochaetes johnstoni), 165. Eastern White-bearded Wildebeest (Connochaetes albojubatus), 166. Serengeti White-bearded Wildebeest (Connochaetes mearnsi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512951/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">165.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD0223F3BDFBEBF3E8" box="[309,1030,3135,3177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD0223F3BDFBEBF3E8" blockId="93.[208,1113,3135,3257]" box="[309,1030,3135,3177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<heading id="D0AB01699916FFAD0223F3BDFBEBF3E8" box="[309,1030,3135,3177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9916FFAD0223F3BDFBEBF3E8" box="[309,1030,3135,3177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Eastern White-bearded Wildebeest</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD022EF3E4FCF9F315" box="[312,788,3174,3220]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD022EF3E4FCF9F315" blockId="93.[208,1113,3135,3257]" box="[312,788,3174,3220]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<heading id="D0AB01699916FFAD022EF3E4FCF9F315" box="[312,788,3174,3220]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD022EF3E4FCF9F315" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[312,788,3174,3220]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Connochaetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albojubatus">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD022EF3E4FCF9F315" box="[312,788,3174,3220]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Connochaetes albojubatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03C4F323FBB5F337" box="[210,1112,3233,3254]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03C4F323FBB5F337" blockId="93.[208,1113,3135,3257]" box="[210,1112,3233,3254]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<heading id="D0AB01699916FFAD03C4F323FBB5F337" box="[210,1112,3233,3254]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03C4F323FEF2F337" bold="true" box="[210,287,3233,3254]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9916FFAD023EF323FDECF337" box="[296,513,3233,3254]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD023EF323FEB6F337" box="[296,347,3233,3254]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gnou">Gnou</taxonomicName>
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a barbe blanche
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD0100F323FD9CF337" bold="true" box="[534,625,3233,3254]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9916FFAD016FF323FD17F337" box="[633,762,3233,3254]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">WeiRbartgnu</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD0006F323FC86F337" bold="true" box="[784,875,3233,3254]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9916FFAD0063F323FC63F337" box="[885,910,3233,3254]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Nu</vernacularName>
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barbiblanco oriental
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03C7F365FBE8F285" box="[209,1029,3303,3332]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03C7F365FBE8F285" blockId="93.[208,1413,3303,3459]" box="[209,1029,3303,3332]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03C7F365FE81F285" bold="true" box="[209,364,3303,3332]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD026CF365FBEDF285" ID-CoL="5GKT8" authority="Thomas, 1892" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1892" box="[378,1024,3303,3332]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Connochaetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="taurinus" subSpecies="albojubatus">Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus Thomas, 1892</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD0719F365FAF9F285" box="[1039,1300,3303,3332]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD0719F365FAF9F285" blockId="93.[208,1413,3303,3459]" box="[1039,1300,3303,3332]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC589916FFAD0719F365FAF9F285" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3874272307" box="[1039,1300,3303,3332]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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Athi Plains,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD07AFF365FAFDF285" box="[1209,1296,3303,3332]" name="Kenya" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03C4F289FBFAF2AD" box="[210,1047,3339,3372]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03C4F289FBFAF2AD" blockId="93.[208,1413,3303,3459]" box="[210,1047,3339,3372]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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Formerly considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD01CFF289FC86F2AD" baseAuthorityName="Burchell" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[729,875,3339,3372]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Connochaetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">C. taurinus</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD03C7F2B0FE28F2FA" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D9916FFAD03C7F2B0FE28F2FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512682/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" targetBox="[1472,2066,277,693]" targetPageId="93">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD03C7F2B0FE28F2FA" blockId="93.[208,1413,3303,3459]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD03C7F2B0FE6CF2D2" bold="true" box="[209,385,3378,3411]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Distribution.</emphasis>
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S
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD02BCF2B0FE12F2D2" box="[426,511,3378,3411]" name="Kenya" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(Athi-Kapiti Plains), S into
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD009AF2B0FBE7F2D2" box="[908,1034,3378,3411]" name="Tanzania" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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and W to the N shores of Lake Tanganyika.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD0B3FFE8FF717FC87" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD0B3FFE8FF717FC87" blockId="93.[2089,2674,269,695]" lastBlockId="93.[1474,2679,701,2033]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD0B3FFE8FF6CDFEAF" bold="true" box="[2089,2336,269,302]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09916FFAD0AC3FE8FF5DDFEAF" box="[2517,2608,269,302]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" unit="cm" value="195.0">195 cm</quantity>
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,tail
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09916FFAD0B3CFEBAF792FED4" box="[2090,2175,312,341]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09916FFAD0BD3FEBAF6F7FED4" box="[2245,2330,312,341]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" unit="cm" value="22.0">22 cm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09916FFAD0AB9FEBAF5E9FED4" box="[2479,2564,312,341]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" unit="cm" value="56.0">56 cm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09916FFAD0B3CFEDEF765FEFC" box="[2090,2184,348,381]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.75" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" unit="kg" value="275.0">275 kg</quantity>
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||
. The horns are not strongly downcurved, and when a skull is placed on a flat surface, the minimum distance to the downward curve of the horns is
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09916FFAD0933FE53F586FE73" box="[2597,2667,465,498]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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. The general body color is pale grayish, frequently darker on the foreparts; the “brindled”striping is subdued. The beard and throat fringe are creamy white with black hairs intermixed, although very occasionally individuals with all-black fringes are seen. The mane does not stand erect,as in the southern African wildebeest species, but hangs limp.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD06D4FC92F79EFC25" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD06D4FC92F79EFC25" blockId="93.[1474,2679,701,2033]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD06D4FC92F9DCFCAC" bold="true" box="[1474,1585,784,813]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Habitat.</emphasis>
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In Amboseli National Park, the Eastern White-bearded Wildebeest lives in alkaline, seasonally flooded grasslands with swamps and wooded bushland. Farther north, the population that moves between the Nairobi National Park and the Athi-Kapiti Plains lives on more productive grasslands.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD06D5FC2BF59CFB37" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD06D5FC2BF59CFB37" blockId="93.[1474,2679,701,2033]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD06D5FC2BF924FC4B" bold="true" box="[1475,1737,937,970]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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This speciesis a grazer; in Amboseli National Park it concentrates on Cynodon dactylon, which it uses with great efficiency. On the less arid Athi-Kapiti Plains, however, 63% (in the wet season) and 57% (in the dry season) of the diet is made up in approximately equal proportions of Themeda triandra, Digitaria macroblephara, and Pennisetum mezianum, its diet overlapping by 80% or more with the diets of sympatric Kongoni (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD0412FBECF87DFB0E" box="[1796,1936,1134,1167]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Alcelaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Alcelaphus</taxonomicName>
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cokii) and with cattle. In the dry season Cynodon composes 6-12% of the diet, considerably more than cattle and usually more than A. cok.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD06D5FB3EF6F9FA87" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD06D5FB3EF6F9FA87" blockId="93.[1474,2679,701,2033]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD06D5FB3EF9A4FB5C" bold="true" box="[1475,1609,1212,1245]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Breeding.</emphasis>
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There is no specific information available for this species, but probably like that of the Serengeti White-bearded Wildebeest (C. mearnsi).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD06D4FA8DF6C4FA4B" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="activity">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD06D4FA8DF6C4FA4B" blockId="93.[1474,2679,701,2033]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
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||
<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD06D4FA8DF940FAAD" bold="true" box="[1474,1709,1295,1324]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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There are three main migrations: from Nairobi National Park in the dry season to the Athi-Kapiti Plains in the wet season; from Amboseli National Park in the dry season south across the Tanzanian border to the Rift Valley between Lakes Netron and Magadi in the wet season; and from Tarangire and Lake
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<collectingRegion id="499878E79916FFAD0A88FA03F5FBFA23" box="[2462,2582,1409,1442]" country="Tanzania" name="Manyara" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Manyara</collectingRegion>
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in the dry season eastwards to the Simanjiro Plains in the wet season.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD06D2FA52F7B1F937" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD06D2FA52F7B1F937" blockId="93.[1474,2679,701,2033]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD06D2FA52F761FA70" bold="true" box="[1476,2188,1488,1521]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The area available to the Eastern White-bearded Wildebeest in the Amboseli Basin is reduced at the peak of the dry season, and at that time wildebeest are somewhat restricted by domestic cattle, with which they compete, so they are concentrated on grasslands dominated by Cynodon and in swamp vegetation. By the end of the dry season, over half the males and over 80% of the females are judged to be in poor condition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD06D3F942F953F823" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD06D3F942F953F823" blockId="93.[1474,2679,701,2033]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD06D3F942F8CEF95C" bold="true" box="[1477,1827,1728,1757]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869916FFAD094AF942F9D4F885" baseAuthorityName="Burchell" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Connochaetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="93" pageNumber="709" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">C. taurinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD0597F969F8ECF885" box="[1665,1793,1771,1796]" name="Tanzania" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, there are certainly some
|
||
<quantity id="4CA41BE09916FFAD0B97F969F6E9F885" box="[2177,2308,1771,1796]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" unit="in" value="24.0">24,000 in</quantity>
|
||
Tarangire National Park, as well as some hundreds in the Lake
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499878E79916FFAD04F8F888F722F8AA" box="[2030,2255,1802,1835]" country="Tanzania" name="Manyara" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Manyara region</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the migratory Amboseli population of about 8000 moves back and forth across the border with
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD0AB9F8B0F5EBF8D2" box="[2479,2566,1842,1875]" name="Kenya" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Within
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959916FFAD06D3F8DBF9F1F8FB" box="[1477,1564,1881,1914]" name="Kenya" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a population of up to 20,000 migrates between Nairobi National Park and the Athi-Kapiti Plains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9916FFAD06D0F832F880F870" pageId="93" pageNumber="664" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059916FFAD06D0F832F880F870" blockId="93.[1474,2679,701,2033]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179916FFAD06D0F832F98DF848" bold="true" box="[1478,1632,1968,1993]" pageId="93" pageNumber="664">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Andere (1981), Ego et al. (2003), Estes (1969), Hillman et al. (1988), Kingdon (1982), Rodgers & Swai 1988), Roosevelt & Heller (1914).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |