treatments-xml/data/03/DB/A7/03DBA7443D7D8643FF37EF2F3AC3FB45.xml

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<mods:title id="11240F263B7141910424B3AFBFCD50EF">Telopathes magna gen. nov., spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) from deep waters off Atlantic Canada and the first molecular phylogeny of the deep-sea family Schizopathidae</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C36845D93D7D8648FF37EF2F3ADDFB98" box="[151,691,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7D8648FF37EF2F3ADDFB98" blockId="6.[151,691,1123,1149]" box="[151,691,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
<heading id="D085A13E3D7D8648FF37EF2F3ADDFB98" bold="true" box="[151,691,1123,1149]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FF37EF2F3ADDFB98" bold="true" box="[151,691,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7D8648FF37EF2F3976FB98" ID-CoL="7Q3WC" box="[151,280,1123,1149]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FF37EF2F3976FB98" bold="true" box="[151,280,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Telopathes</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235773B3D7D8648FEBFEF2F39E3FB98" box="[287,397,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
MacIsaac &amp; Best, 2013
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<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7D8648FF37EFE53ACAFA5B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1193,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FF37EFE5397FFB27" bold="true" box="[151,273,1193,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Observed attached to the side of a vertical cliff by a large, flat, adhesive, circular base. Corallum sparsely branched to the second order, branching not restricted to one plane, with branches directed distally. Stem and branches pinnulate. All pinnules simple, directed distally at an angle from the axis of the branch, in two anterolateral rows, arranged in either subopposite or alternate order. Pinnules long, maximum size estimated at up to 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7D8648FF13EE763895FAB4" box="[179,251,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
, the longest found on the stem and primary branches, with pinnules decreasing notably in length at branch tips. Spines are simple, conical, smooth, and compressed laterally. Polyps are elongate and arranged uniserially on branches and pinnules, and are comprised of three distinct sections separated by deep involutions. Preserved polyps range from 4.0– 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7D8648FEECEEEA39CEFA58" box="[332,416,1446,1470]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
in transverse diameter.
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<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FF67EE85390CFA07" bold="true" box="[199,354,1481,1506]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7D8648FF67EE85396CFA07" box="[199,258,1481,1506]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7D8648FEC9EE853B55FA07" authority="MacIsaac &amp; Best 2013" authorityName="MacIsaac &amp; Best" authorityYear="2013" box="[361,827,1481,1506]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FEC9EE853A5AFA04" box="[361,564,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Telopathes magna</emphasis>
MacIsaac &amp; Best 2013
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herein designated.
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<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FF67EEA13955F9E3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1517,1542]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus is distinguished by the sparsely branched corallum, with branching not restricted to one plane (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D7D8648FF44ED5D3946F9CF" box="[228,296,1553,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Telopathes magna (A) in situ photograph of colony, side view, showing vertical branching pattern or first plane. (B) in situ photograph of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern or second plane. (C – D) Line drawings of A and B, respectively, showing branching pattern; Ba = base of the colony, 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (E) in situ video frame grab of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern in second plane (indicated by arrow). (F) Line drawing of cross section of corallum, showing two primary branches in two planes. Scale 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223247/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–F), the long, simple, anterolateral pinnules in two rows (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D7D8648FC6DED5D3C60F9CF" box="[973,1038,1553,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1582]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A – E) Fragment collected from Telopathes magna colony. (A) Actual fragment. (B) Overlain line drawing of A; 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (C – D) Close-up of secondary branches, showing bend and abnormal pinnule; Be = bend, AP = abnormal pinnule. (C) Actual fragment. (D) Overlain line drawing of C. (E) Angle between opposite pairs of pinnules. (F) in situ close-up showing live polyps. Scale: A – D, F, 5 cm (F is approximate); E, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223248/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–F), largely pinnulated stem, and adhesive base. Although only one fragment of the 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7D8648FD47ED793B27F9AB" box="[743,841,1589,1614]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
colony was collected, diagnostic features observed between the fragment and 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FE1DED163A6FF994" box="[445,513,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">in situ</emphasis>
video and photographs define the monospecific genus 
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<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FBC6ED153CB0F997" box="[1126,1246,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Telopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235773B3D7D8648FB44ED163D24F994" box="[1252,1354,1626,1650]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as new for the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7D8648FEE3ED31399CF973" box="[323,498,1661,1686]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Schizopathidae</taxonomicName>
. It is possible that additional features diagnostic for the species are not reported because the entire colony was not collected. Species descriptions of antipatharians based solely on fragments exist, including the recent example of 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7D8648FDB0ED893B0BF93B" box="[528,869,1733,1758]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Dendrobathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="boutillieri">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FDB0ED893B0BF93B" box="[528,869,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Dendrobathypathes boutillieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the past some such descriptions have proven incomplete and historically contributed to taxonomic confusion (Molodtsova 2006), but the description of 
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<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FF37EC413961F8C3" box="[151,271,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Telopathes</emphasis>
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also includes information on the entire colony from 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FCFEEC423BCAF8C0" box="[862,932,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">in situ</emphasis>
video and photographs, and includes several 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7D8648FF37EC7E3968F8AF" box="[151,262,1842,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. The molecular data presented should also mitigate any issues surrounding the identification of additional specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7D8648FE91EC1A39F6F888" box="[305,408,1878,1901]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FE91EC1A39F6F888" box="[305,408,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">T. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which may include unobserved or otherwise novel morphological features.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7D8648FF67EC353A24F83F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1193,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
The description and occurrence of 
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<emphasis id="B906CA403D7D8648FDEEEC363AD8F874" box="[590,694,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">T. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brings the number of new genera added to family 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7D8648FB51EC353DF2F877" box="[1265,1436,1913,1938]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Schizopathidae</taxonomicName>
over the past decade to three (Opresko 2002, 2005) and the number of nominal species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7D8648FB2EECD13D74F853" box="[1166,1306,1949,1974]" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Antipatharia</taxonomicName>
reported to occur off eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F36556C23D7D8648FEF9EC8D39C3F83F" box="[345,429,1985,2010]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Canada</collectingCountry>
to at least 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7C8649FF67EBDB3C2AFF55" blockId="7.[151,1435,151,285]" box="[199,1092,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FF67EBDB3A44FF55" bold="true" box="[199,554,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
Species assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7C8649FE0FEBDB3A44FF55" box="[431,554,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FE0FEBDB3A44FF55" bold="true" box="[431,554,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Telopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. One species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7C8649FD6EEBD53C2AFF55" authority="MacIsaac &amp; Best, 2013" authorityName="MacIsaac &amp; Best" authorityYear="2013" box="[718,1092,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FD6EEBD53B5BFF55" box="[718,821,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">T. magna</emphasis>
MacIsaac &amp; Best, 2013
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36845D93D7C8649FF67EBF03B2EFF12" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7C8649FF67EBF03B2EFF12" blockId="7.[151,1435,151,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FF67EBF03928FF30" bold="true" box="[199,326,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Etymology</emphasis>
. Derived from the Latin 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FDC2EBF03ACEFF30" box="[610,672,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">telum</emphasis>
(dart), in reference to the shaft and flights of a dart and the general shape of the corallum, and the commonly used suffix 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FD50EB933B57FF1D" box="[752,825,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">pathes</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36845D93D7C8649FF67EA48397CFE49" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7C8649FF67EA483C00FEF8" blockId="7.[151,1435,151,285]" box="[199,1134,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FF67EA483937FEF8" bold="true" box="[199,345,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Distribution</emphasis>
. One species of this genus is known, from the western North Atlantic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7C8649FF37EA23397CFE49" blockId="7.[151,505,367,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FF37EA233997FE6D" bold="true" box="[151,505,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7C8649FF37EA233906FE62" box="[151,360,367,392]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FF37EA233906FE62" bold="true" box="[151,360,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Telopathes magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235773B3D7C8649FECFEA233997FE6D" box="[367,505,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D7C8649FF3FEAD83967FE49" box="[159,265,404,429]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1660,1682]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1603,1625]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1235,1257]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1637]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,301,1581]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,1347,1959]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,176,1213]" captionTargetBox-4="[215,1361,1386,1931]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1639]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1582]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,1347,1959]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[151,1436,175,1214]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[213,1364,1385,1933]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Telopathes magna (A) in situ photograph of colony, side view, showing vertical branching pattern or first plane. (B) in situ photograph of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern or second plane. (C – D) Line drawings of A and B, respectively, showing branching pattern; Ba = base of the colony, 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (E) in situ video frame grab of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern in second plane (indicated by arrow). (F) Line drawing of cross section of corallum, showing two primary branches in two planes. Scale 10 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. (A – E) Fragment collected from Telopathes magna colony. (A) Actual fragment. (B) Overlain line drawing of A; 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (C – D) Close-up of secondary branches, showing bend and abnormal pinnule; Be = bend, AP = abnormal pinnule. (C) Actual fragment. (D) Overlain line drawing of C. (E) Angle between opposite pairs of pinnules. (F) in situ close-up showing live polyps. Scale: A – D, F, 5 cm (F is approximate); E, 1 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Spines on pinnules of holotype. (A) Longitudinal rows of spines, indicating section of a row lacking spines (arrow); (B – C) Close-up of regular spines and paired spines, respectively. Scale: A, 500 µm; B – C, 100 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Photographs of paratype colonies. (A) in situ photograph of paratype from Balanus Seamount; same growth form as holotype. (B) in situ photograph of paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak; juvenile colony, with secondary branch indicated (arrow). (C) Fragment of Caloosahatchee paratype showing anterolateral pinnule arrangement. Scale 1 cm. (D) in situ photograph of paratype from Rehoboth Seamount; large colony with extensive branching." captionText-4="FIGURE 7. Spines on branches and pinnules of paratypes. (A) Paratype from Balanus Seamount with spine morphology identical to the holotype. (B) Paratype from Rehoboth Seamount showing bent tip (arrow). (C) Paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak showing larger polypar spines. Scale 100 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/223247/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/223248/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/223249/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/223250/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/223251/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Figs. 2–7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36845D93D7C8649FF37EA903924FC5B" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7C8649FF37EA903CF0FD64" blockId="7.[151,1436,476,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FF37EA903965FE10" bold="true" box="[151,267,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7C8649FF37EA903968FE10" box="[151,262,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
NSMC 17671, Western North Atlantic, Nova 
<collectingCountry id="F36556C23D7C8649FCB2EA903B36FE10" box="[786,856,476,501]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Scotia</collectingCountry>
continental slope, near the mouth of the Laurentian Channel, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FEA3EAB339F7FDF2" box="[259,409,511,535]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="44.428097">44.428098 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FE05EAB33A50FDF2" box="[421,574,511,536]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="-57.17333">57.173328 W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FD30EAB33A86FDF2" box="[656,744,511,535]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.073" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="1073.0">1073 m</quantity>
. Video, high resolution photographs, and a 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FB74EAB33D41FDF2" box="[1236,1327,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="cm" value="16.7">16.7 cm</quantity>
fragment collected by ROPOS, Dive 1063, aboard CCGS 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FD5CE96E3B3DFDDE" box="[764,851,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Hudson</emphasis>
, mission 2007-025. Fragment initially fixed in formaldehyde, transferred to ethanol; subsamples preserved in ethanol for molecular analysis. 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7C8649FB55E9093D33FDBB" box="[1269,1373,581,606]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
with subsamples archived in the Nova 
<collectingCountry id="F36556C23D7C8649FDB0E9243A38FD64" box="[528,598,616,641]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Scotia</collectingCountry>
Museum Collection, Halifax, Nova 
<collectingCountry id="F36556C23D7C8649FC4EE9243C59FD64" box="[1006,1079,616,641]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Scotia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36556C23D7C8649FBE2E9243CF4FD64" box="[1090,1178,616,641]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Canada</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7C8649FF67E9C03924FC5B" blockId="7.[151,1436,476,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FF67E9C039E8FD40" bold="true" box="[199,390,652,677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Other material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7C8649FE31E9C1399DFD40" box="[401,499,653,677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
YPM-35975: R/V 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FD77E9C03B0DFD41" box="[727,867,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Delaware II</emphasis>
, cruise 
<collectingCountry id="F36556C23D7C8649FC63E9C03B85FD40" box="[963,1003,652,677]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">DE</collectingCountry>
<date id="FFCC30923D7C8649FC4BE9C03C42FD40" box="[1003,1068,652,677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2002-02">02-06</date>
, 
<date id="FFCC30923D7C8649FB9CE9C03D36FD41" box="[1084,1368,652,677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2002-07-16" valueMax="2002-08-02" valueMin="2002-07-16">July 16–August 2, 2002</date>
, New 
<collectingCountry id="F36556C23D7C8649FF37E9E3389AFD2D" box="[151,244,687,712]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">England</collectingCountry>
Seamounts (NES), Bear Seamount (Smnt), 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FCA6E9E33BFDFD22" box="[774,915,687,711]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="39.88333">39.88333 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FC04E9E33C5BFD22" box="[932,1077,687,712]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="-67.46666">67.46666 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FBE6E9E33C88FD22" box="[1094,1254,687,712]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2985" metricValueMax="1.402" metricValueMin="1.1949999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="1298.5" valueMax="1402.0" valueMin="1195.0">1195–1402 m</quantity>
(one specimen trawled). 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7C8649FEA2E99F390AFD0E" box="[258,356,723,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
BAL103-1: R/V 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FD88E99E3A85FD0F" box="[552,747,722,747]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Ronald H. Brown</emphasis>
and IFE ROVs 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7C8649FC3EE99F3B8EFD0F" box="[926,992,723,746]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Argus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FC3EE99F3B8EFD0F" box="[926,992,723,746]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Argus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FBB6E99E3C14FD0E" box="[1046,1146,722,747]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Hercules</emphasis>
, cruise RB 
<date id="FFCC30923D7C8649FB58E99F3D55FD0E" box="[1272,1339,723,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2004-04">04-04</date>
, 
<date id="FFCC30923D7C8649FAE5E99F3890FCEB" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2004-05-09" valueMax="2004-05-24" valueMin="2004-05-09">May 9– 24, 2004</date>
, NES, Balanus Smnt, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FDA0E9B93AE7FCE8" box="[512,649,757,782]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="39.35608">39.35608 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FD37E9B93B4AFCE8" box="[663,804,757,782]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="-65.35958">65.35958 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FC91E9B93BE7FCE8" box="[817,905,757,782]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8649999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="1865.0">1865 m</quantity>
(one specimen). 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7C8649FBF1E9BA3CDDFCEB" box="[1105,1203,758,782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
YPM-35498: cruise RB04-04, NES, Retriever Smnt, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FDB8E8543ACAFCD5" box="[536,676,792,817]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="39.80965">39.80965 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FD13E8543B2DFCD5" box="[691,835,792,817]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="-66.24922">66.24922 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FCF2E8553BC5FCD5" box="[850,939,793,817]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.983" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="1983.0">1983 m</quantity>
(one specimen). 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7C8649FBD9E8553CB5FCD4" box="[1145,1243,793,817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
MIL112-1: R/V 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FF37E8703931FCB1" box="[151,351,828,853]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Ronald H. Brown</emphasis>
and IFE ROVs 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7C8649FDBCE8703A30FCB6" box="[540,606,828,851]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Argus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FDBCE8703A30FCB6" box="[540,606,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Argus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FD39E8703A93FCB0" box="[665,765,828,853]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Hercules</emphasis>
, cruise RB 
<date id="FFCC30923D7C8649FC20E8703BACFCB0" box="[896,962,828,853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2005-05">05-03</date>
, 
<date id="FFCC30923D7C8649FC70E8703D2EFCB0" box="[976,1344,828,853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" value="2005-08-10" valueMax="2005-09-03" valueMin="2005-08-10">August 10 – September 3, 2005</date>
, Corner Rise Seamounts, Caloosahatchee Smnt, Milne-Edwards Peak, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FCCCE8133B87FC92" box="[876,1001,863,887]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="5" value="34.8123">34.8123 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FC59E8133C15FC92" box="[1017,1147,863,888]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="5" value="-50.5038">50.5038 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FB2AE8133C8DFC92" box="[1162,1251,863,887]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="1310.0">1310 m</quantity>
(one specimen, small/juvenile). 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7C8649FEEFE8CF39DFFC7E" box="[335,433,899,923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
REH103-1: cruise RB05-03, NES, Rehoboth Smnt, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FBB2E8CE3CF2FC7F" box="[1042,1180,898,923]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="37.46066">37.46066 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4670953D7C8649FB09E8CE3D59FC7F" box="[1193,1335,898,923]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="-59.95133">59.95133 W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FAE5E8CF3DF2FC7F" box="[1349,1436,899,923]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.909" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="1909.0">1909 m</quantity>
(one specimen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36845D93D7C8649FF67E8843CFBF9F2" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7C8649FF67E8843CFBF9F2" blockId="7.[151,1436,476,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FF67E884392FFC04" bold="true" box="[199,321,968,993]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Stem largely pinnulate, colony sparsely branched to the second order, primary branches not restricted to one plane, branches directed distally and curving outward. Pinnules arranged in two anterolateral rows, in alternate or subopposite arrangement, but occasionally with two pinnules in a row on one side. Internal angle of approximately 70º between opposite pairs of pinnules on the primary branch collected. Pinnules directed distally at an angle from the axis of the branch. Pinnules long, up to approximately 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FC46EF153C43FB95" box="[998,1069,1113,1137]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
on the stem, 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FB6DEF153D7AFB95" box="[1229,1300,1113,1137]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="cm" value="18.0">18 cm</quantity>
on primary branches, and 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FE9BEF30391DFB76" box="[315,371,1148,1172]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
on secondary branches, decreasing notably in length near branch tips. Primary branch has an average 2.8 pinnules per cm, spaced 0.8–1.0 cm apart in each row. Secondary branches have 2–3 pinnules per cm, spaced 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FF4DEF8E3900FB3F" box="[237,366,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="cm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 cm</quantity>
apart in each row. Proximal sections on both secondary branches without pinnules, or very sparsely pinnulated. Primary branch sparsely populated with polyps, with some spaces between pinnules devoid of polyps. In contrast, secondary branches have 1–2 polyps between pinnules. Polyps arranged uniserially, with densities of 0–1 polyps per cm on the primary branches, and 1–2 polyps per cm on the secondary branches and pinnules. Polyps are 4.0– 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FE6BEE033A49FA82" box="[459,551,1359,1383]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
in transverse diameter on the fragment. Skeletal spines simple, smooth, compressed laterally, conical or sometimes curved, in which case they are generally directed proximally (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D7C8649FA97EE3E3D19FA6E" box="[1335,1399,1394,1419]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1347,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1347,1959]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spines on pinnules of holotype. (A) Longitudinal rows of spines, indicating section of a row lacking spines (arrow); (B – C) Close-up of regular spines and paired spines, respectively. Scale: A, 500 µm; B – C, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223249/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A– C, 
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D7C8649FF17EED93896FA4B" box="[183,248,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[215,1361,1386,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[213,1364,1385,1933]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spines on branches and pinnules of paratypes. (A) Paratype from Balanus Seamount with spine morphology identical to the holotype. (B) Paratype from Rehoboth Seamount showing bent tip (arrow). (C) Paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak showing larger polypar spines. Scale 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223251/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A–C). Spines are 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FE1DEED93A15FA48" box="[445,635,1429,1454]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="0.0435" valueMax="0.068" valueMin="0.019">0.019–0.068 mm</quantity>
tall; 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FD13EEDA3B1FFA48" box="[691,881,1430,1454]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="0.0265" valueMax="0.041" valueMin="0.012">0.012–0.041 mm</quantity>
in transverse diameter at their base. Spines on the polypar sides of the pinnules are slightly larger than on the abpolypar side: 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FC42EEF43CCFFA35" box="[994,1185,1464,1489]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="0.0485" valueMax="0.068" valueMin="0.029">0.029–0.068 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D7C8649FB77EEF43DF9FA35" box="[1239,1431,1464,1489]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="0.04" valueMax="0.061" valueMin="0.019">0.019–0.061 mm</quantity>
, respectively. This characteristic is difficult to observe with a dissecting scope, though the discrepancy is more pronounced in the juvenile specimen (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D7C8649FDE2EEB23AEBF9F2" box="[578,645,1534,1559]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[215,1361,1386,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[213,1364,1385,1933]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spines on branches and pinnules of paratypes. (A) Paratype from Balanus Seamount with spine morphology identical to the holotype. (B) Paratype from Rehoboth Seamount showing bent tip (arrow). (C) Paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak showing larger polypar spines. Scale 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223251/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C). Number of spines in each row 2–6 per mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36845D93D7C8643FF67ED6E3C85FC08" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7C8649FF67ED6E3C90F922" blockId="7.[151,1436,476,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FF67ED6E3A74F9DE" bold="true" box="[199,538,1570,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7C8649FE0CED6E3A7BF9DE" box="[428,533,1570,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D7C8649FD84ED6E3A9DF9DF" box="[548,755,1570,1595]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D7C8649FD84ED6E3A9DF9DF" box="[548,755,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Telopathes magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235773B3D7C8649FD5DED6F3B1EF9DF" box="[765,880,1571,1594]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was observed attached to a vertical cliff with a prominent stem and large, circular basal plate approaching 
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in diameter (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D7C8649FB99ED093C11F9BB" box="[1081,1151,1605,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Telopathes magna (A) in situ photograph of colony, side view, showing vertical branching pattern or first plane. (B) in situ photograph of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern or second plane. (C – D) Line drawings of A and B, respectively, showing branching pattern; Ba = base of the colony, 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (E) in situ video frame grab of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern in second plane (indicated by arrow). (F) Line drawing of cross section of corallum, showing two primary branches in two planes. Scale 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223247/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–F). Orientation of the colony horizontal in the water, at a right angle to the vertical substrate. The 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D7C8649FB81ED253C3FF964" box="[1057,1105,1641,1665]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">type</typeStatus>
specimen is described from photos, video, and a fragment of one primary branch 
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in length, 36.0 cm wide. Fragment bearing two secondary branches 18.6 and 20.0 cm in length, 18.9 and 17.0 cm in width respectively (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D7C8649FBD6EDE23CD9F922" box="[1142,1207,1710,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1582]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A – E) Fragment collected from Telopathes magna colony. (A) Actual fragment. (B) Overlain line drawing of A; 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (C – D) Close-up of secondary branches, showing bend and abnormal pinnule; Be = bend, AP = abnormal pinnule. (C) Actual fragment. (D) Overlain line drawing of C. (E) Angle between opposite pairs of pinnules. (F) in situ close-up showing live polyps. Scale: A – D, F, 5 cm (F is approximate); E, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223248/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D7C8649FF67ED9E397CF804" blockId="7.[151,1436,476,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
Total colony size large, estimated at over 
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tall, greatest width approximately 
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. Stem mostly pinnulate, proximal few centimetres sparsely pinnulated or lacking pinnules. Stem thick near base, with an estimated basal stem diameter approaching 
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. Corallum branched to the second order, the longest branch approximately 
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long. Branches not restricted to one plane, directed distally. Pinnules long, 
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, shortening near branch tips, in two anterolateral rows, forming an acute angle between opposite pairs (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D7C8649FA96EC123D15F892" box="[1334,1403,1886,1911]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1582]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A – E) Fragment collected from Telopathes magna colony. (A) Actual fragment. (B) Overlain line drawing of A; 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (C – D) Close-up of secondary branches, showing bend and abnormal pinnule; Be = bend, AP = abnormal pinnule. (C) Actual fragment. (D) Overlain line drawing of C. (E) Angle between opposite pairs of pinnules. (F) in situ close-up showing live polyps. Scale: A – D, F, 5 cm (F is approximate); E, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223248/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E). Pinnules directed distally. Branches more rigid while pinnules more flexible. One abnormally recurved pinnule observed in proximity to a deformed or bent secondary branch (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D7C8649FCCAECE93BC2F85B" box="[874,940,1957,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1582]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A – E) Fragment collected from Telopathes magna colony. (A) Actual fragment. (B) Overlain line drawing of A; 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (C – D) Close-up of secondary branches, showing bend and abnormal pinnule; Be = bend, AP = abnormal pinnule. (C) Actual fragment. (D) Overlain line drawing of C. (E) Angle between opposite pairs of pinnules. (F) in situ close-up showing live polyps. Scale: A – D, F, 5 cm (F is approximate); E, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223248/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C–D), possibly indicating earlier damage to the colony.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0D46DA3D738646FF37ED303C05F8E8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223247/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1637]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D738646FF37ED303C05F8E8" blockId="8.[151,1436,1660,1805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D738646FF37ED30397AF974" bold="true" box="[151,276,1660,1682]" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D738646FEBCED3039BBF977" box="[284,469,1660,1682]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D738646FEBCED3039BBF977" box="[284,469,1660,1682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Telopathes magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A) 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D738646FDA7ED313A26F977" box="[519,584,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">in situ</emphasis>
photograph of colony, side view, showing vertical branching pattern or first plane. (B) 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D738646FF60EDD0396EF954" box="[192,256,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">in situ</emphasis>
photograph of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern or second plane. (C–D) Line drawings of A and B, respectively, showing branching pattern; Ba = base of the colony, 1° = primary branch, 2° = secondary branch. (E) 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D738646FA28EDF638D2F90B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">in situ</emphasis>
video frame grab of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern in second plane (indicated by arrow). (F) Line drawing of cross section of corallum, showing two primary branches in two planes. Scale 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D738647FF67EC743D6EFF1D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1848,2018]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">
Living colony with bright orange polyps, tissue covering stem and branches more yellowish (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D738646FB77EC743D77F8B4" box="[1239,1305,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Telopathes magna (A) in situ photograph of colony, side view, showing vertical branching pattern or first plane. (B) in situ photograph of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern or second plane. (C – D) Line drawings of A and B, respectively, showing branching pattern; Ba = base of the colony, 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (E) in situ video frame grab of colony, top view, showing horizontal branching pattern in second plane (indicated by arrow). (F) Line drawing of cross section of corallum, showing two primary branches in two planes. Scale 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223247/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D738646FA9CEC753D22F8B4" box="[1340,1356,1849,1873]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1582]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A – E) Fragment collected from Telopathes magna colony. (A) Actual fragment. (B) Overlain line drawing of A; 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (C – D) Close-up of secondary branches, showing bend and abnormal pinnule; Be = bend, AP = abnormal pinnule. (C) Actual fragment. (D) Overlain line drawing of C. (E) Angle between opposite pairs of pinnules. (F) in situ close-up showing live polyps. Scale: A – D, F, 5 cm (F is approximate); E, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223248/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">3</figureCitation>
). After preservation polyps brown, tissue lighter on the stems and branches. Tentacles long in living colony, up to an estimated 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D738646FEAAECCD392CF87D" box="[266,322,1921,1945]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
or more (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D738646FE14ECCC3998F87C" box="[436,502,1920,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1581]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1582]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A – E) Fragment collected from Telopathes magna colony. (A) Actual fragment. (B) Overlain line drawing of A; 1 ° = primary branch, 2 ° = secondary branch. (C – D) Close-up of secondary branches, showing bend and abnormal pinnule; Be = bend, AP = abnormal pinnule. (C) Actual fragment. (D) Overlain line drawing of C. (E) Angle between opposite pairs of pinnules. (F) in situ close-up showing live polyps. Scale: A – D, F, 5 cm (F is approximate); E, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223248/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
F), shorter after preservation. Polyps after preservation up to 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D738646FB0EECCD3D6BF87D" box="[1198,1285,1921,1945]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
in transverse diameter (Fig. 4A–C). Skeletal spine morphology as described above, seven to nine longitudinal rows visible on pinnules in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D738646FE11EC85399AF807" box="[433,500,1993,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1347,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1347,1959]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spines on pinnules of holotype. (A) Longitudinal rows of spines, indicating section of a row lacking spines (arrow); (B – C) Close-up of regular spines and paired spines, respectively. Scale: A, 500 µm; B – C, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223249/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="245">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–B), six to seven rows on branches. Rows on pinnules separated by 
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, spines within each row an average of 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D728647FDDCEBDB3A81FF4A" box="[636,751,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="0.395">0.395 mm</quantity>
apart, not always uniformly spaced; occasionally sections in rows lack spines completely (indicated in 
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D728647FD27EBF03AA3FF30" box="[647,717,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1347,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1347,1959]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spines on pinnules of holotype. (A) Longitudinal rows of spines, indicating section of a row lacking spines (arrow); (B – C) Close-up of regular spines and paired spines, respectively. Scale: A, 500 µm; B – C, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223249/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A), particularly in the distal sections. Occasionally spines are paired (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D728647FF4CEB933943FF1D" box="[236,301,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1347,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1347,1959]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spines on pinnules of holotype. (A) Longitudinal rows of spines, indicating section of a row lacking spines (arrow); (B – C) Close-up of regular spines and paired spines, respectively. Scale: A, 500 µm; B – C, 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223249/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C)—a characteristic observed only on the pinnules, not on primary branches examined.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0D46DA3D728647FF37ED0F3CE6F950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223248/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" targetBox="[151,1436,301,1581]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D728647FF37ED0F3CE6F950" blockId="9.[151,1435,1603,1717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D728647FF37ED0F397CF9BD" bold="true" box="[151,274,1603,1625]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
(A–E) Fragment collected from 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D728647FDFBED0F3B7DF9BC" box="[603,787,1603,1625]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D728647FDFBED0F3B7DF9BC" box="[603,787,1603,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Telopathes magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colony. (A) Actual fragment. (B) Overlain line drawing of A; 1° = primary branch, 2° = secondary branch. (C–D) Close-up of secondary branches, showing bend and abnormal pinnule; Be = bend, AP = abnormal pinnule. (C) Actual fragment. (D) Overlain line drawing of C. (E) Angle between opposite pairs of pinnules. (F) 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D728647FEBEEDEC3933F950" box="[286,349,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">in situ</emphasis>
close-up showing live polyps. Scale: A–D, F, 5 cm (F is approximate); E, 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D728644FF67ED903913FEF8" blockId="9.[151,1436,1756,2033]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D728647FF67ED903A43F910" bold="true" box="[199,557,1756,1781]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">
Description of the 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D728647FE0EED903A46F910" box="[430,552,1756,1781]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Specimens from New 
<collectingCountry id="F36556C23D728647FC9DED903BF4F910" box="[829,922,1756,1781]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">England</collectingCountry>
Seamounts similar morphologically to each other and 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D728647FEA6EC4C3905F8FC" box="[262,363,1792,1817]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but not identical, with branching to the first and second order in more than one plane (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D728647FA97EC4C3D16F8FC" box="[1335,1400,1792,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1213]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,175,1214]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of paratype colonies. (A) in situ photograph of paratype from Balanus Seamount; same growth form as holotype. (B) in situ photograph of paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak; juvenile colony, with secondary branch indicated (arrow). (C) Fragment of Caloosahatchee paratype showing anterolateral pinnule arrangement. Scale 1 cm. (D) in situ photograph of paratype from Rehoboth Seamount; large colony with extensive branching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223250/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A– D). All 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D728647FF4FEC693934F8D8" box="[239,346,1829,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
with relatively smaller basal plates compared to 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D728647FC26EC683B85F8D8" box="[902,1003,1828,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, and basal plate not concentric on one large colony, indicating some intraspecific variation in this character, possibly due to the nature of the substrate on which the planula settles. Colony from Rehoboth Seamount (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D728647FCEAEC203BE3F860" box="[842,909,1900,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1213]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,175,1214]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of paratype colonies. (A) in situ photograph of paratype from Balanus Seamount; same growth form as holotype. (B) in situ photograph of paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak; juvenile colony, with secondary branch indicated (arrow). (C) Fragment of Caloosahatchee paratype showing anterolateral pinnule arrangement. Scale 1 cm. (D) in situ photograph of paratype from Rehoboth Seamount; large colony with extensive branching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223250/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D) appears to be the largest observed based on lasers on 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D728647FEA1ECDD3927F84D" box="[257,329,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="246">in-situ</emphasis>
photographs, with conservative estimates of maximum height and width of approximately 
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and 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D728647FF67ECF83972F829" box="[199,284,1972,1997]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" unit="cm" value="150.0">150 cm</quantity>
respectively. The largest pinnules were estimated to be slightly smaller than the 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D728647FB11ECF83D7DF828" box="[1201,1299,1972,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D728647FA98ECF93D10F829" box="[1336,1406,1973,1997]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="246" unit="cm" value="24.0">24 cm</quantity>
in length. Colony branching was more dense than in smaller and probably younger colonies. Skeletal spines on pinnules collected from 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D718644FE0AEBD43A7BFF55" box="[426,533,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
similar but not identical to 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D718644FCF2EBDB3BD9FF55" box="[850,951,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, are small and conical, with a size ranging from 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D718644FF75EBF03926FF31" box="[213,328,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.019">0.019 mm</quantity>
(Rehoboth Seamount specimen) to 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D718644FD7FEBF03B3CFF31" box="[735,850,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" unit="mm" value="0.065">0.065 mm</quantity>
(Retriever Seamount specimen); smaller than those observed in the 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D718644FEE8EB9339C0FF1D" box="[328,430,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Distribution of spine sizes measured reveals a typically small difference between polypar and abpolypar sides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D718644FF37EFF03B73FAF4" blockId="10.[151,1436,1212,1297]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D718644FF37EFF0397DFB34" bold="true" box="[151,275,1212,1234]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Polyps of 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D718644FE24EFF03A53FB37" box="[388,573,1212,1234]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D718644FE24EFF03A53FB37" box="[388,573,1212,1234]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">Telopathes magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (A–C) Arrangement of polyps along a pinnule; M = Mouth, ST = Sagittal tentacle, LT = Lateral tentacle. (A) Oral view. (B) Side view; P1 &amp; P2 = individual polyps. (C) Close-up view of a typical polyp. (D) Arrangement of polyps along the primary branch. Scale 
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.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0D46DA3D718644FF37ECF13CB2F814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223249/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="247" targetBox="[151,1436,1347,1959]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D718644FF37ECF13CB2F814" blockId="10.[151,1435,1980,2033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D718644FF37ECF13978F837" bold="true" box="[151,278,1981,2003]" pageId="10" pageNumber="247">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Spines on pinnules of holotype. (A) Longitudinal rows of spines, indicating section of a row lacking spines (arrow); (B–C) Close-up of regular spines and paired spines, respectively. Scale: A, 500 µm; B–C, 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0D46DA3D708645FF37EF9F3D61FAA0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223250/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" targetBox="[151,1436,176,1213]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D708645FF37EF9F3D61FAA0" blockId="11.[151,1437,1235,1349]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D708645FF37EF9F397DFB0D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1235,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Photographs of paratype colonies. (A) 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D708645FD04EF983A8AFB0C" box="[676,740,1236,1257]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">in situ</emphasis>
photograph of paratype from Balanus Seamount; same growth form as holotype. (B) 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D708645FEE6EFBF39E9FAED" box="[326,391,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">in situ</emphasis>
photograph of paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak; juvenile colony, with secondary branch indicated (arrow). (C) Fragment of Caloosahatchee paratype showing anterolateral pinnule arrangement. Scale 1 cm. (D) 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D708645FE9CEE7C3914FAA0" box="[316,378,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">in situ</emphasis>
photograph of paratype from Rehoboth Seamount; large colony with extensive branching.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0D46DA3D708645FF37ECEE3BDCF810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223251/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" targetBox="[215,1361,1386,1931]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D708645FF37ECEE3BDCF810" blockId="11.[151,1436,1954,2037]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D708645FF37ECEE3978F852" bold="true" box="[151,278,1954,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Spines on branches and pinnules of paratypes. (A) Paratype from Balanus Seamount with spine morphology identical to the holotype. (B) Paratype from Rehoboth Seamount showing bent tip (arrow). (C) Paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak showing larger polypar spines. Scale 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D768643FF67EBDB3B98FE48" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">
The juvenile/small colony from Milne-Edwards Peak (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D768643FC8FEBDB3B1CFF55" box="[815,882,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1235,1257]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,1213]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,175,1214]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of paratype colonies. (A) in situ photograph of paratype from Balanus Seamount; same growth form as holotype. (B) in situ photograph of paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak; juvenile colony, with secondary branch indicated (arrow). (C) Fragment of Caloosahatchee paratype showing anterolateral pinnule arrangement. Scale 1 cm. (D) in situ photograph of paratype from Rehoboth Seamount; large colony with extensive branching." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223250/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B–C) measured 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FB8AEBD43C01FF4A" box="[1066,1135,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="cm" value="27.0">27 cm</quantity>
in length, 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FB4AEBD43D41FF4A" box="[1258,1327,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="cm" value="13.0">13 cm</quantity>
in width, with the largest pinnule 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FE12EBF13982FF31" box="[434,492,189,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
in length. This specimen superficially resembles the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FB06EBF03D5EFF30" box="[1190,1328,188,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FB06EBF03D5EFF30" box="[1190,1328,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Bathypathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Primary pinnules large and simple, but are deflected anteriorly from the lateral plane. With one primary branch off main stem, this is distinguished by limited pinnulation and/or secondary branching. Skeletal spines on pinnules similar but not identical to 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D768643FED4EA6B39B7FEA5" box="[372,473,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, small and conical, with a size ranging from 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FC77EA6B3CF9FEDA" box="[983,1175,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6499999999999995" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.0465" valueMax="0.056" valueMin="0.037">0.037–0.056 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D768643FB07EA6B3C85FEA5" box="[1191,1259,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[215,1361,1386,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[213,1364,1385,1933]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spines on branches and pinnules of paratypes. (A) Paratype from Balanus Seamount with spine morphology identical to the holotype. (B) Paratype from Rehoboth Seamount showing bent tip (arrow). (C) Paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak showing larger polypar spines. Scale 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223251/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C). Distribution of spine sizes distinctly different on the juvenile colony, with notably larger spines on the polypar side, a range of 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FF37EA233936FE62" box="[151,344,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.055" valueMax="0.062" valueMin="0.048">0.048–0.062 mm</quantity>
, and smaller spines on the abpolypar side, 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FC9DEA3C3B92FE62" box="[829,1020,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.199999999999999" metricValueMax="4.699999999999999" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.041999999999999996" valueMax="0.047" valueMin="0.037">0.037–0.047 mm</quantity>
with a mean of 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FB14EA3C3D49FE62" box="[1204,1319,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="0.048">0.048 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D768643FA96EA233D14FE6D" box="[1334,1402,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[215,1361,1386,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[213,1364,1385,1933]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spines on branches and pinnules of paratypes. (A) Paratype from Balanus Seamount with spine morphology identical to the holotype. (B) Paratype from Rehoboth Seamount showing bent tip (arrow). (C) Paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak showing larger polypar spines. Scale 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223251/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C). All 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D768643FF62EAD93943FE48" box="[194,301,405,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
indistinguishable genetically from each other and the 
<typeStatus id="54C9A8F03D768643FC2DEAD83B9DFE48" box="[909,1011,404,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D768643FF67EAFB391CFD61" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FF67EAFB3902FE35" bold="true" box="[199,364,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Comparisons.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FEDBEAFB399DFE35" box="[379,499,439,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FEDBEAFB399DFE35" box="[379,499,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Telopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears morphologically most similar to the monopodial genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FAABEAFB3DFBFE35" box="[1291,1429,439,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FAABEAFB3DFBFE35" box="[1291,1429,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Bathypathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially smaller colonies, both possessing very long, simple pinnules in two rows, arranged in alternate or subopposite order. The polyps of both 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FDE4EAB33AD2FDFD" box="[580,700,511,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FDE4EAB33AD2FDFD" box="[580,700,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Telopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FD51EAB33B15FDFD" box="[753,891,511,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FD51EAB33B15FDFD" box="[753,891,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Bathypathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are large, the only two genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FB51EAB33DF2FDFD" box="[1265,1436,511,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Schizopathidae</taxonomicName>
with polyps that may be in excess of 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FDE8E9683AE2FDD9" box="[584,652,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
(Table 2). Differences include the branched corallum of 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FABCE9683DFAFDD8" box="[1308,1428,548,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FABCE9683DFAFDD8" box="[1308,1428,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Telopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though this branching may be slight, and the pinnules deflected from the lateral, observable even in the small colony (
<figureCitation id="13490AD73D768643FF52E9203940FD61" box="[242,302,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[215,1361,1386,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[213,1364,1385,1933]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spines on branches and pinnules of paratypes. (A) Paratype from Balanus Seamount with spine morphology identical to the holotype. (B) Paratype from Rehoboth Seamount showing bent tip (arrow). (C) Paratype from Caloosahatchee Seamount, Milne-Edwards Peak showing larger polypar spines. Scale 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223251/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Fig 7</figureCitation>
B–C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D768643FF67E9C33C85FC08" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FF67E9C33937FD4D" box="[199,345,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Schizopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FF67E9C33937FD4D" box="[199,345,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Schizopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FE38E9C33A5EFD4D" box="[408,560,655,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Abyssopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FE38E9C33A5EFD4D" box="[408,560,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Abyssopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also possess large polyps and long, simple pinnules in two rows, but like 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FF37E9F8394CFD28" box="[151,290,692,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FF37E9F8394CFD28" box="[151,290,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Bathypathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both are monopodial. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FDF7E9F83A87FD28" box="[599,745,692,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Schizopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FDF7E9F83A87FD28" box="[599,745,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Schizopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pinnules are also lateral, not deflected, and the colony anchors in soft sediments, lacking a basal plate. 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FD60E99B3B36FD15" box="[704,856,727,752]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Abyssopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FD60E99B3B36FD15" box="[704,856,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Abyssopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have pinnules deflected from the lateral axis, like 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FF6BE9B0392DFCF0" box="[203,323,764,789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FF6BE9B0392DFCF0" box="[203,323,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Telopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but also possesses the curious schizopathinid feature of one or more rows of anterior pinnules. 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FF37E8533947FCDD" box="[151,297,799,824]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FF37E8533947FCDD" box="[151,297,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Stauropathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is another large polyp genus, but the pinnules are short, and may be densely branched. The largest colony of 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FEA9E80839EFFCB8" box="[265,385,836,861]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FEA9E80839EFFCB8" box="[265,385,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Telopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Rehoboth Seamount was more densely branched than small and medium sized colonies observed, more similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FE64E82B3A38FC65" box="[452,598,871,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FE64E82B3A38FC65" box="[452,598,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Stauropathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this regard. It is possible that even larger/older colonies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FA84E82B3DF2FC65" box="[1316,1436,871,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FA84E82B3DF2FC65" box="[1316,1436,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Telopathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be more densely branched, more closely resembling 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FCBFE8C03BDFFC40" box="[799,945,908,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FCBFE8C03BDFFC40" box="[799,945,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Stauropathes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All other genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C726DD13D768643FB3DE8C03D26FC40" box="[1181,1352,908,933]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Schizopathidae</taxonomicName>
belong to the subfamily Parantipathinae, with complex patterns of pinnulation (some combination of subpinnulation and/ or additional rows of pinnules beyond two), and small polyps typically less than 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FBBFE8983C0EFC09" box="[1055,1120,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36845D93D768643FF67E8BB3893FBD0" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D768643FF67E8BB3893FBD0" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FF67E8BB3920FBF5" bold="true" box="[199,334,1015,1040]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is derived from the Latin 
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FCD2E8B53BA7FBF5" box="[882,969,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">magnus</emphasis>
(large), referring to the relatively large pinnules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36845D93D768643FF67EF733AC3FB45" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCD16523D768643FF67EF733AC3FB45" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="B906CA403D768643FF67EF73390EFBBD" bold="true" box="[199,352,1087,1112]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from the western North Atlantic, continental slope off Nova 
<collectingCountry id="F36556C23D768643FB04EF733C83FBBD" box="[1188,1261,1087,1112]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Scotia</collectingCountry>
, New 
<collectingCountry id="F36556C23D768643FA9FEF733DF2FBBD" box="[1343,1436,1087,1112]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">England</collectingCountry>
Seamounts and Corner Rise Seamounts. At a depth of 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FD56EF283B25FB99" box="[758,843,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.073" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="m" value="1073.0">1073 m</quantity>
on the continental slope to 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FBDFEF283CBAFB99" box="[1151,1236,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.983" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="m" value="1983.0">1983 m</quantity>
on the seamounts (shallowest depth on seamounts 
<quantity id="4C8ABBB73D768643FDA3EFCB3ACFFB45" box="[515,673,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2985" metricValueMax="1.402" metricValueMin="1.1949999999999998" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" unit="m" value="1298.5" valueMax="1402.0" valueMin="1195.0">1195–1402 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>