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<document id="978B9214E80DF1982D98EE8C52106AF0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.14681715" ID-ISSN="0253-116X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14681715" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1737165364000" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schmid, Christian &amp; Wolf-H" docDate="2024" docId="03A387D5FFD0FFAFD9CE08B50B80BB52" docLanguage="en" docName="LinzerbiolBeitr.56.1.301-311.pdf" docOrigin="Linzer biologische Beiträge 56 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:24E5EB772D355DE2EE23B1E8D07853E0.12:LinzerbiolBeitr.2006-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="24E5EB772D355DE2EE23B1E8D07853E0" docStyleName="LinzerbiolBeitr.2006-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="12" docTitle="Carinostigmus marocensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="303" masterDocId="FF9AFFADFFD1FFADD96D091E0A78BA53" masterDocTitle="New and rarely collected digger wasps from Morocco with description of two new species (Hymenoptera, Spheciformes)" masterLastPageNumber="311" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="302" updateTime="1737165766856" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="82548EC3D339252D7B5B798E58201685">New and rarely collected digger wasps from Morocco with description of two new species (Hymenoptera, Spheciformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="730E0F6EE7692BEB0990393625DEED71">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3106548FFD0FFACD9CE08B50998BB93" box="[163,992,426,449]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB536C3FFD0FFACD9CE08B50998BB93" blockId="1.[163,992,426,449]" box="[163,992,426,449]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<heading id="D0FD81AFFFD0FFACD9CE08B50998BB93" box="[163,992,426,449]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D40FFD0FFACD9CE08B50815BB93" ID-CoL="RDQV" authority="(TSUNEKI, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="TSUNEKI" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[163,621,426,448]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Carinostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marocensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACD9CE08B5085DBBEC" bold="true" box="[163,549,426,448]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACD9CE08B50BC1BB93" bold="true" box="[163,441,427,448]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Carinostigmus marocensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B32FFD0FFACD8AA08B4085DBBEC" author="TSUNEKI K." box="[455,549,426,448]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="263 - 264" refId="ref3979" refString="TSUNEKI K. (1956): A new species of Stigmus from Morocco (Hymen., Sphecidae, Pemphredoninae). - Entomologische Berichten 16: 263 - 264." type="journal article" year="1956">TSUNEKI</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACDB5F08B40815BB93" bold="true" box="[562,621,426,448]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">1956)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACDB1E08B50998BB93" bold="true" box="[627,992,426,449]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
description of male (
<figureCitation id="13312A46FFD0FFACDA0F08B409CABB93" box="[866,946,426,448]" captionStart="Figs 1-6" captionStartId="7.[163,203,1258,1280]" captionTargetBox="[163,1069,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-51@7.[163,1069,208,1245]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 1-6: (1) Carinostigmus marocensis, ♁ lateral; (2) Carinostigmus marocensis, ♁ dorsal; (3) Carinostigmus marocensis, ♁ face; (4) Entomognathus brevis, ♁ dorsal; (5) Entomognathus fortuitus, ♀ dorsal; (6) Entomognathus fortuitus, ♀ mesopleuron." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14681719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14681719/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">figs 1-3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13312A46FFD0FFACDAD208B409A1BB93" box="[959,985,426,448]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[163,196,843,865]" captionTargetBox="[163,997,207,833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[163,997,207,833]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 21: Distribution of Carinostigmus marocensis (blue), Spilomena canariensis (red) and the African distribution of Entomognathus fortuitus (green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14681727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14681727/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">21</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106548FFD0FFACD9CE08CE0BCDB84F" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB536C3FFD0FFACD9CE08CE09CFBBB6" blockId="1.[163,1070,463,541]" box="[163,951,463,486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1A11EDFFD0FFACD9CE08CE09CFBBB6" box="[163,951,463,486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<treatmentCitation id="0AAB10D2FFD0FFACD9CE08CE0860BBB6" author="TSUNEKI K." box="[163,536,463,485]" page="263" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1956">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D40FFD0FFACD9CE08CE0860BBB6" ID-CoL="52NMS" authority="TSUNEKI, 1956: 263" authorityName="TSUNEKI" authorityPageNumber="263" authorityYear="1956" box="[163,536,463,485]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Stigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marocensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACD9CE08CE0B2FBBB6" box="[163,343,464,485]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Stigmus marocensis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B623C9EFFD0FFACD83008CE0860BBB6" box="[349,536,463,485]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Morocco" location="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B32FFD0FFACD83008CE0860BBB6" author="TSUNEKI K." box="[349,536,463,485]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="263 - 264" refId="ref3979" refString="TSUNEKI K. (1956): A new species of Stigmus from Morocco (Hymen., Sphecidae, Pemphredoninae). - Entomologische Berichten 16: 263 - 264." type="journal article" year="1956">
<smallCapsWord id="8D53A01FFFD0FFACD83008CE0BD7BBB7" baselines="480,480" box="[349,431,464,485]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Tsuneki" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">TSUNEKI</smallCapsWord>
, 1956: 263
</bibRefCitation>
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,
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD4AFFD0FFACDB4C08CE084BBBB6" box="[545,563,464,485]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="female"></specimenCount>
.
<typeStatus id="54B18861FFD0FFACDB5308CE08EEBBB5" box="[574,662,464,486]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD4AFFD0FFACDBF308CE08D7BBB6" box="[670,687,464,485]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="female"></specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31D7653FFD0FFACDBD608CE0968BBB6" box="[699,784,464,485]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Morocco</collectingCountry>
: Agadir (RMNH).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536C3FFD0FFACD9CE08EE0BCDB84F" blockId="1.[163,1070,463,541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: ♁
<date id="FFB41003FFD0FFACDB6A08F1081DB856" box="[519,613,495,517]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" value="2024-03-23">23.iii.2024</date>
<collectingCountry id="F31D7653FFD0FFACDB0208EE08B8B856" box="[623,704,496,517]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab, Dakhla town
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5004FFD0FFACD9BD0B190B64B84E" box="[208,284,519,541]" degrees="27.168" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" precision="55" value="27.168">27.168N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E5004FFD0FFACD84C0B190B0AB84E" box="[289,370,519,541]" degrees="15.920" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" precision="55" value="-15.92">15.920W</geoCoordinate>
(CSE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106548FFD0FFAFD9CF0B330B80BB52" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB536C3FFD0FFACD9CF0B3309B0B8A6" blockId="1.[162,1070,556,757]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
R e m a r k
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D40FFD0FFACD8550B320BB5B812" authorityName="Tsuneki" authorityYear="1954" box="[312,461,556,577]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Carinostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACD8550B320BB5B812" box="[312,461,556,577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Carinostigmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small genus, and most species are distributed in southern and eastern Africa and in southeastern Asia, a few also in the Palaearctic region. Species from the Ethiopian region can be identified with
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B32FFD0FFACDA140B760E52B82D" author="LECLERQ J." box="[889,1066,616,638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="17 - 62" refId="ref3644" refString="LECLERQ J. (1959): Pemphredoninae (Hymenoptera Sphecoidea) in Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba. I. Mission G. F. de Witte en collaboration avec ADAM W., JANSSENS A., VAN MEEL L. et R. VERHEYEN (1946 - 1949), Fasc. 53 (2): 17 - 62." type="journal article" year="1959">LECLERQ (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, southeastern Asian species with
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B32FFD0FFACD89B0B9808ECB8C8" author="TSUNEKI K." box="[502,660,645,667]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref3927" refString="TSUNEKI K. (1954): The genus Stigmus PANZER of Europe and Asia, with description of eight new species (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). - Memoirs of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, Fukui University (Series II, Natural Science) 3: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1954">TSUNEKI (1954</bibRefCitation>
a) and others. Three species are known from the western Palaearctic region, and only one,
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACDBC10BBA093CB8EA" box="[684,836,676,697]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D40FFD0FFACDBC10BBA0938B8EA" authorityName="TSUNEKI" authorityYear="1956" box="[684,832,676,697]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Stigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marocensis">C. marocensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
in northwest Africa. It was therefore only known by the female
<typeStatus id="54B18861FFD0FFACDB3F0BDC08D4B884" box="[594,684,706,727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, described from
<collectingCountry id="F31D7653FFD0FFACDA300BDF09DFB884" box="[861,935,705,727]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Agadir</collectingCountry>
. The male is here described for the first time. It agree in general with the female description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536C3FFD0FFACD9CE0A1B0BA3B9BF" blockId="1.[163,1070,773,1004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
With the identification key of
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B32FFD0FFACD8B60A1B08FEB948" author="LECLERQ J." box="[475,646,773,795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="17 - 62" refId="ref3644" refString="LECLERQ J. (1959): Pemphredoninae (Hymenoptera Sphecoidea) in Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba. I. Mission G. F. de Witte en collaboration avec ADAM W., JANSSENS A., VAN MEEL L. et R. VERHEYEN (1946 - 1949), Fasc. 53 (2): 17 - 62." type="journal article" year="1959">LECLERQ (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, the male keyes out with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D40FFD0FFACDAE20A1B0B3BB96B" authority="(R. TURNER, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="R. TURNER" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Carinostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gueinzius">
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACDAE20A1B0E71B948" box="[911,1033,773,795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. gueinzius</emphasis>
(R. TURNER, 1912)
</taxonomicName>
. This species could not be examined. However, according to the description, the only detectable difference in the male are the setae on the underside of the mandible, which are said to be arranged in clusters in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D40FFD0FFACDB9E0A410914B927" baseAuthorityName="R. TURNER" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[755,876,863,884]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Carinostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gueinzius">
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACDB9E0A410914B927" box="[755,876,863,884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. gueinzius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but are solitary in
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D40FFD0FFACD9CE0A630B4EB9C1" authorityName="TSUNEKI" authorityYear="1956" box="[163,310,893,914]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Stigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marocensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACD9CE0A630B4EB9C1" box="[163,310,893,914]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. marocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Otherwise both agree. As
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D40FFD0FFACDB3A0A6308AAB9C1" baseAuthorityName="R. TURNER" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[599,722,893,914]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Carinostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gueinzius">
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACDB3A0A6308AAB9C1" box="[599,722,893,914]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. gueinzius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread in southern Africa and known from West Africa and also reaches the
<collectingCountry id="F31D7653FFD0FFACDBC80A840966B9E3" box="[677,798,922,944]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B32FFD0FFACDA170A840E5AB9FC" author="PULAWSKI W. J." box="[890,1058,922,943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refId="ref3748" refString="PULAWSKI W. J. (2024): https: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / entomology / entomology _ resources / hymenoptera / sphecidae / genera /" type="url" year="2024">PULAWSKI 2024</bibRefCitation>
), both species should be compared and it is not entirely impossible that
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D40FFD0FFACDAEF0AA70E6CB99D" authorityName="TSUNEKI" authorityYear="1956" box="[898,1044,953,974]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Stigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marocensis">
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACDAEF0AA70E6CB99D" box="[898,1044,953,974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. marocensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D40FFD0FFACD8310AC80BADB9BF" baseAuthorityName="R. TURNER" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[348,469,982,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Carinostigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gueinzius">
<emphasis id="B97EEAD1FFD0FFACD8310AC80BADB9BF" box="[348,469,982,1004]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. gueinzius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536C3FFD0FFACD9CE0AE20BB9BF81" blockId="1.[163,1070,1020,1490]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
D e s c r i p t i o n o f m a l e: 4.0 mm. Color: Black. Mandible except brown apex, labrum and pronotal lobe yellow.
<collectingCountry id="F31D7653FFD0FFACDB520D040827BE7C" box="[575,607,1050,1071]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">AS</collectingCountry>
1-2,
<collectingCountry id="F31D7653FFD0FFACDBFA0D0408CFBE7C" box="[663,695,1050,1071]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">AS</collectingCountry>
3-8 below, fore- and midtarsi and tibiae brownish-yellow (
<figureCitation id="13312A46FFD0FFACD8F60D260BA9BE1E" box="[411,465,1080,1102]" captionStart="Figs 1-6" captionStartId="7.[163,203,1258,1280]" captionTargetBox="[163,1069,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-51@7.[163,1069,208,1245]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 1-6: (1) Carinostigmus marocensis, ♁ lateral; (2) Carinostigmus marocensis, ♁ dorsal; (3) Carinostigmus marocensis, ♁ face; (4) Entomognathus brevis, ♁ dorsal; (5) Entomognathus fortuitus, ♀ dorsal; (6) Entomognathus fortuitus, ♀ mesopleuron." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14681719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14681719/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Morphology: Apex of mandible with two teeth, mandible below with 6 pale setae, as long as mandibular diameter. Labrum medially deeply emarginate, ACM slightly rounded, clypeus finely crosswise striae. Frons below scape deeply impressed, with small spine, crosswise striate. Inner eye margin with strong furrow, ending at level of foreocellus, clearly cross-ribbed (
<figureCitation id="13312A46FFD0FFACDA590DB1090ABE97" box="[820,882,1199,1221]" captionStart="Figs 1-6" captionStartId="7.[163,203,1258,1280]" captionTargetBox="[163,1069,208,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-51@7.[163,1069,208,1245]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 1-6: (1) Carinostigmus marocensis, ♁ lateral; (2) Carinostigmus marocensis, ♁ dorsal; (3) Carinostigmus marocensis, ♁ face; (4) Entomognathus brevis, ♁ dorsal; (5) Entomognathus fortuitus, ♀ dorsal; (6) Entomognathus fortuitus, ♀ mesopleuron." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14681719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14681719/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Head divergent behind eye. Occipital carina strong. Gena striate.
<collectingCountry id="F31D7653FFD0FFACDBBF0DD3088ABEB1" box="[722,754,1229,1250]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">AS</collectingCountry>
3-9 widened downwards to roundish. Pronotum 0,3x as long as apical width. Anteriorly with strong lamella, mediolaterally each with 5 coarse oblique rugae. Large (cross-ribbed) part of notauli short, ending at the top at the end of the arch of the mesonotum, pronlonged by a thin line until mid-mesonotum. Mesonotum apically with triangular impression, including 3 rugae. Base of scutellum with deep furrow, also distinctly fielded. Propodeal dorsum anteriorly and medially fielded and shiny, laterally with large polished areas. Petiole somewhat longer than hindtibia (7:6), dorsally somewhat impressed with lateral edge. Tergites polished and shiny.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536C3FFD0FFACD9CE0CFC0930BC60" blockId="1.[163,1070,1506,1587]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Only known from the
<typeStatus id="54B18861FFD0FFACDB100CFC08D1BFA4" box="[637,681,1506,1527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">type</typeStatus>
location
<collectingCountry id="F31D7653FFD0FFACDA600CFC092BBFAB" box="[781,851,1506,1528]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Agadir</collectingCountry>
and from Dakhla in
<collectingCountry id="F31D7653FFD0FFACD9CE0F1E0A86BC46" box="[163,254,1536,1557]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A46FFD0FFACD8630F1E0B2EBC46" box="[270,342,1536,1558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[163,196,843,865]" captionTargetBox="[163,997,207,833]" captionTargetId="figure-33@10.[163,997,207,833]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 21: Distribution of Carinostigmus marocensis (blue), Spilomena canariensis (red) and the African distribution of Entomognathus fortuitus (green)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14681727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14681727/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">fig. 21</figureCitation>
). It can be expected that the species occurs also in other places along the coast of the atlantic Ocean and can also be found further south.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536C3FFD3FFAFD9CE09D10B80BB52" blockId="2.[163,1070,207,257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">H a b i t a t: The specimen was catched in a small garden area at the western border of Dakhla town on flowering plants.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>