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<document id="2672441DACA61EE8011E1543CC647D18" ID-CLB-Dataset="3087" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="145931d9-6290-42ab-968b-80e8fab02740" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5763229" ID-ZooBank="999CAE14-BA6E-4CDE-9F14-33A90A41EC24" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638862416291" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Raymundo, Thayna Da Silva, Almeida, Taís Barbosa, Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C. &amp; Salles, Frederico Falcão" docDate="2021" docId="0380F427FFAE44798587C6D0056DFE56" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5076.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5076 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thraulodes itatiajanus Traver &amp; Edmunds 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFB98C5FFFAF447C8510C420005CFF87" masterDocTitle="Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="7" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1699472020968" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4B4B0E690C104DBF3CFD819595274961">Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Espírito Santo state, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B3AD97AB96626A31177480EB6BBF674D">Raymundo, Thayna Da Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C34BF58FFEC8BFB1AB5DA8FCF2797AFA">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36.570 - 000, Minas Gerais, Brazil. thayna. raymundo @ ufv. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9889 - 5663 &amp; Museu de Entomologia, Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570 - 900, Minas Gerais, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8331 - 5929</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB44EB7D3BE4CEFFD43F13F21B205642" type="email">thayna.raymundo@ufv.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5E768C611455457AEDAFD612F6494C3F">Almeida, Taís Barbosa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B40000AD7DC32F38DBC16B6E20DC10B2" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0090-730X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D9F1D5C27491DE8A9475025A8DBBB2EE">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29075 - 910, Espírito Santo, Brazil. tais. barbosaa @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0090 - 730 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D59D17F419FA7A8E10DD6A84DE5961C6" type="email">tais.barbosaa@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8B9F823476D2E0733DFD8D1771442F17">Do Nascimento, Jeane M. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3FB72D66D7EE5629D1404CB674810D17">Coordenação de Biodiversidade-CoBio, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia (PPGEnt), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="30D975FAA0DA5D9CDD3921A41E5E51B8">Salles, Frederico Falcão</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="951A31C895B23C471A81449D48B86EF6">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36.570 - 000, Minas Gerais, Brazil. thayna. raymundo @ ufv. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9889 - 5663 &amp; Museu de Entomologia, Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570 - 900, Minas Gerais, Brazil. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8331 - 5929</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0380F427FFAE44798587C6D0056DFE56" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763231" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191197765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5763231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380F427FFAE44798587C6D0056DFE56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380F427FFAE44798587C6D0056DFE56" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="C33316BAFFAE447D8587C6D002B3FC8D" box="[151,751,752,779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAE447D8587C6D002B3FC8D" blockId="1.[151,751,752,815]" box="[151,751,752,779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0DEF25DFFAE447D8587C6D002B3FC8D" bold="true" box="[151,751,752,779]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAE447D8587C6D002B3FC8D" ID-CoL="56LKG" authority="Traver &amp; Edmunds, 1967" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,751,752,779]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiajanus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAE447D8587C6D002B3FC8D" bold="true" box="[151,751,752,779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAE447D8587C6D001F6FC8D" bold="true" box="[151,426,752,779]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Thraulodes itatiajanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB838C0FFAE447D84A1C6D102B3FC8D" author="Traver, J. R. &amp; Edmunds, G. F. Jr." box="[433,751,752,779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" pagination="349 - 395" refId="ref7971" refString="Traver, J. R. &amp; Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1967) A revision of the genus Thraulodes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5, 349 - 395." type="journal article" year="1967">Traver &amp; Edmunds, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33316BAFFAE447D8587C73401FFFCA9" box="[151,419,788,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAE447D8587C73401FFFCA9" blockId="1.[151,751,752,815]" box="[151,419,788,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0DEF25DFFAE447D8587C73401FFFCA9" bold="true" box="[151,419,788,815]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAE447D8587C73401FFFCA9" bold="true" box="[151,419,788,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
(
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D858FC7340145FCA9" box="[159,281,788,814]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4–6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7–10" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1404,398,1950]" captionTargetBox-1="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetBox-2="[176,1411,491,1841]" captionTargetId-0="figure-128@2.[184,1404,381,1950]" captionTargetId-1="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetId-2="figure-176@4.[176,1411,489,1841]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–3. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 1) habitus, lateral view; 2) habitus, dorsal view; 3) legs (a- foreleg; bmid leg; c- hind leg)." captionText-1="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." captionText-2="FIGURE 7–10. Thraulodes itatiajanus, abdomen, ventral view: 7) female nymph;) male nymph; 9) male imago; 10) partial region of the genitalia with penes in detail." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763233" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763241" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5763233/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5763241/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1–10</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D8443C73401C7FCA9" box="[339,411,788,814]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1193,1217]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,240,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-30@12.[181,1407,237,1169]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Living specimens of Thraulodes: 24) Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago; 25) Thraulodes itatiajanus, male nymph; 26 and 27) Thraulodes luisae, male imago. All photographs are by FFS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763255/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">24–25</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33316BAFFAE447F8587C77C02B9FE9A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAE447D8587C77C049EFA31" blockId="1.[151,1437,860,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAE447D8587C77C014EFCF1" bold="true" box="[151,274,860,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Male imago (adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB838C0FFAE447D8745C77D033EFCF0" author="Dominguez, E. &amp; Molineri, C. &amp; Pescador, M. L. &amp; Hubbard, M. D. &amp; Nieto, C." box="[597,866,860,887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" refId="ref7097" refString="Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. D. &amp; Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. In: Adis, J., Arias, J. R., Rueda-Delgado, G. &amp; Wantzen, K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America. Vol. 2. Sofia-Moscow, Bulgaria, pp. 1 - 646." type="book" year="2006">
Domínguez
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAE447D87F1C77D0349FCF1" box="[737,789,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
): 1) forewing with 3–4 cross veins basal to bulla; 2) costal and subcostal area of forewing tinted yellowish; 3) all legs with reddish brown apical band on femur; 4) abdominal color pattern of terga II–VI yellowish translucent, terga VII–X pink; large submedian mark near anterior margin of terga III and IV, reduced to one line in tergum II and replaced by a series of dark dots on terga V–VI; terga II–VII with stigmatic dots and darker mark near on terga III–VII; 5) sterna I–VIII with a pair of ventral dots, sterna II–VIII with a curved row of two small dark dots that almost meet medially (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D815EC03004CFFBAC" box="[1102,1171,1040,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 7–10" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,491,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-176@4.[176,1411,489,1841]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 7–10. Thraulodes itatiajanus, abdomen, ventral view: 7) female nymph;) male nymph; 9) male imago; 10) partial region of the genitalia with penes in detail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763241/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); 6) penes very slender and recurved fold present only on the basal half (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D87D3C014034BFBC8" box="[707,791,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 7–10" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,491,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-176@4.[176,1411,489,1841]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 7–10. Thraulodes itatiajanus, abdomen, ventral view: 7) female nymph;) male nymph; 9) male imago; 10) partial region of the genitalia with penes in detail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763241/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Female imago: 1) forewings with 4–7 cross veins basal and 1 –20 distal to bulla (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D84A9C0780257FBF4" box="[441,523,1112,1139]" captionStart="FIGURE 4–6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
); 2) all legs with reddish brown apical band on femora and tibiae with dark brown mark in the apical region (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D84A8C05C01A6FB10" box="[440,506,1148,1175]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[188,1404,398,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[184,1404,381,1950]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 1) habitus, lateral view; 2) habitus, dorsal view; 3) legs (a- foreleg; bmid leg; c- hind leg)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763233/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); 3) terga I–X reddish brown and light brown, terga I–VI with white transverse band close to the posterior margin, reduced to a line in terga VII–VIII, posterior margin of terga II–IX dark brown (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D8074C0800098FB58" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[188,1404,398,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[184,1404,381,1950]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 1) habitus, lateral view; 2) habitus, dorsal view; 3) legs (a- foreleg; bmid leg; c- hind leg)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763233/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
); 4) general color of the sterna yellowish; translucent after oviposition, sterna I–VII with a pair of ventral dots, sterna II–VII with a curved row of two small dark dots that almost meet medially (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D8136C0C804CFFA84" box="[1062,1171,1256,1283]" captionStart="FIGURE 4–6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
). Nymph (adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB838C0FFAE447D8587C12C011CFAA0" author="Da-Silva, E. R." box="[151,320,1292,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref6977" refString="Da-Silva, E. R. (2003) Ninfas de Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) ocorrentes no Estado do Rio de janeiro, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 3, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032003000200006" type="journal article" year="2003">Da-Silva 2003</bibRefCitation>
): 1) abdominal color pattern of terga dark brown on anterior margins and light brown on posterior margins, terga IX and X with dark brown mark medially close to the posterior margin; 2) general color of the sterna light brown, sterna I–VII with a pair of ventral dots, sterna II–VII with a curved row of two small dark dots that almost meet medially (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D848EC15801B1FA14" box="[414,493,1400,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 7–10" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,491,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-176@4.[176,1411,489,1841]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 7–10. Thraulodes itatiajanus, abdomen, ventral view: 7) female nymph;) male nymph; 9) male imago; 10) partial region of the genitalia with penes in detail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763241/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
–); 3) all legs with median and apical brown marks on femur; 3) abdominal gills grayish, broad and tapering toward the apex, main trachea strongly pigmented and unbranched.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAE447D85D7C1E0010EFA5D" blockId="1.[151,1437,860,2039]" box="[199,338,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAE447D85D7C1C503F2F9A5" blockId="1.[151,1437,860,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAE447D85D7C1C50133FA79" bold="true" box="[199,367,1508,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Female imago</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D846FC1C401B0FA78" box="[383,492,1508,1535]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4–6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1404,398,1950]" captionTargetBox-1="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetId-0="figure-128@2.[184,1404,381,1950]" captionTargetId-1="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–3. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 1) habitus, lateral view; 2) habitus, dorsal view; 3) legs (a- foreleg; bmid leg; c- hind leg)." captionText-1="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763233" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5763233/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
): LENGTHS (mm). Body: 10.0–11.0; Forewings: 13.2–13.3; Hind wings: 1.9; Fore leg: 5.7; Mid leg: 5.1; Hind leg: 6.9; Caudal filaments broken and lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAE447D85D7C20C02A9F870" blockId="1.[151,1437,860,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">
General color reddish brown. Wings translucent.
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAE447D8615C20D0310F9C0" bold="true" box="[773,844,1581,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Head.</emphasis>
Reddish brown, with dark brown and light brown areas. Antenna with scape and flagellum light brown, pedicellus dark brown. Ocelli yellow, surrounded by black ring; region between ocelli reddish brown. Compound eye dark brown (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D86CFC2540412F908" box="[991,1102,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[188,1404,398,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[184,1404,381,1950]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 1) habitus, lateral view; 2) habitus, dorsal view; 3) legs (a- foreleg; bmid leg; c- hind leg)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763233/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAE447D8176C255049AF908" bold="true" box="[1126,1222,1653,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Thorax.</emphasis>
Pronotum whitish with anterior and posterior margins dark brown; stained with reddish brown medially and submedially; meso- and metanotum brown, with light to dark brown marks. Posterior area of mesonotum white, with apex dark brown (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D8074C29C0098F97C" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[188,1404,398,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[184,1404,381,1950]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 1) habitus, lateral view; 2) habitus, dorsal view; 3) legs (a- foreleg; bmid leg; c- hind leg)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763233/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
). Pro-, meso- and metasternum white with central mark black. Mesosternum with light brown sublateral band. Pleura with membranous areas whitish; sclerotized areas reddish brown and dark brown.
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAE447D818CC325048DF899" box="[1180,1233,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D81F3C3240575F898" box="[1251,1321,1796,1823]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[188,1404,398,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[184,1404,381,1950]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 1) habitus, lateral view; 2) habitus, dorsal view; 3) legs (a- foreleg; bmid leg; c- hind leg)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763233/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): All legs light yellow. Fore femur with apical reddish brown band extending to distal half, basal margin of band dark brown, ventral surface with submedian dark brown mark; tibia with apical, thin, dark brown mark; tarsi light yellow, except for distal half of last tarsal segment and claw dark brown. Mid and hind legs similar to foreleg, except by absence of submedian dark brown mark on femur and by reddish brown band on apical third.
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAE447D8173C3B504ECF829" box="[1123,1200,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Wings:</emphasis>
Membrane of wings hyaline with dark brown stain at base; veins brown. Forewing with 4–7 cross vein basal and 1 –20 distal to bulla (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D85B0C3FC00AEF870" box="[160,242,2012,2039]" captionStart="FIGURE 4–6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
). Hind wing with 13–15 cross veins (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAE447D8784C3FC02B5F870" box="[660,745,2012,2039]" captionStart="FIGURE 4–6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAD447E85D7C4B6021DFEE1" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAD447E85D7C4B60160FF37" bold="true" box="[199,316,150,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAD447E845AC4B701EEFF36" box="[330,434,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1973,1997]" captionTargetBox="[188,1404,398,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-128@2.[184,1404,381,1950]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 1) habitus, lateral view; 2) habitus, dorsal view; 3) legs (a- foreleg; bmid leg; c- hind leg)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763233/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
). Terga I–X reddish brown and light brown. Terga I–VIII with white transverse band close to posterior margin, reduced to line on terga VII–VIII; posterior margin of terga II–IX dark brown. Pleura yellowish, with small dark brown stigmatic dots and longitudinal whitish band above pleural fold on II–IX. Sterna yellowish (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAD447E85B0C52300BFFE9A" box="[160,227,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4–6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), translucent after oviposition (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAD447E8754C52302D5FE99" box="[580,649,259,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 4–6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); sterna I–VII with pair of ventral dots, sterna II–VII with curved row of two small dark dots nearly meeting medially (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAD447E87D7C507036AFEC6" box="[711,822,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4–6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
). Apex of female sternum IX cleft, V-shaped, varying from deep (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAD447E8409C56B0107FEE2" box="[281,347,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4–6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) to shallow (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAD447E84FFC56B026FFEE1" box="[495,563,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 4–6" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5615B9FFAD447E8587C3950131F876" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5763233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763233/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" startId="2.[151,264,1973,1997]" targetBox="[188,1404,398,1950]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAD447E8587C3950131F876" blockId="2.[151,1436,1973,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAD447E8587C3950167F84A" bold="true" box="[151,315,1973,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAD447E8453C3950275F84A" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[323,553,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiajanus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAD447E8453C3950275F84A" box="[323,553,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="9">Thraulodes itatiajanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female imago: 1) habitus, lateral view; 2) habitus, dorsal view; 3) legs (a- foreleg; bmid leg; c- hind leg).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAC447F85D7C4B6049CFF36" blockId="3.[151,1436,150,285]" box="[199,1216,150,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAC447F85D7C4B60116FF37" bold="true" box="[199,330,150,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Variations.</emphasis>
One specimen showed color patterns lighter due to the alcohol fixation period.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAC447F85D7C49A02B9FE9A" blockId="3.[151,1436,150,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAC447F85D7C49A0186FF53" bold="true" box="[199,474,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Life cycle associations.</emphasis>
The association with the female described is based on
<specimenCount id="9D2F8EB8FFAC447F8149C49B048AFF52" box="[1113,1238,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
nymph reared to subimago and then to imago. Furthermore, the female nymph and imago has dots, especially on sterna similar to the description of the male adult and nymph (
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAC447F877BC5230284FE9A" box="[619,728,258,285]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4–6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7–10" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox-0="[200,1388,316,1867]" captionTargetBox-1="[176,1411,491,1841]" captionTargetId-0="figure-77@3.[195,1392,309,1944]" captionTargetId-1="figure-176@4.[176,1411,489,1841]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 4–6. Thraulodes itatiajanus, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow)." captionText-1="FIGURE 7–10. Thraulodes itatiajanus, abdomen, ventral view: 7) female nymph;) male nymph; 9) male imago; 10) partial region of the genitalia with penes in detail." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763241" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5763241/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Figs. 5–9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5615B9FFAC447F8587C38F02EDF86B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5763235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763235/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" startId="3.[151,250,1967,1991]" targetBox="[200,1388,316,1867]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAC447F8587C38F02EDF86B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1967,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAC447F8587C38F0170F840" bold="true" box="[151,300,1967,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4–6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAC447F8421C38F024BF840" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[305,535,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiajanus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAC447F8421C38F024BF840" box="[305,535,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="10">Thraulodes itatiajanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female imago: 4) wings (a- fore; b- hind); 5 and 6) abdomen before and after oviposition in ventral view showing details of the sterna (arrow).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33316BAFFAB447885D7C4B60151FF7E" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAB447885D7C4B60151FF7E" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAB447885D7C4B6017BFF37" bold="true" box="[199,295,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Biology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAB44788421C4B7019BFF37" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[305,455,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiajanus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAB44788421C4B7019BFF37" box="[305,455,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">T. itatiajanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been found at sites between 300–2000 meters above sea level (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB838C0FFAB447881FDC4B705CBFF36" author="Da-Silva, E. R." box="[1261,1431,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref6977" refString="Da-Silva, E. R. (2003) Ninfas de Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) ocorrentes no Estado do Rio de janeiro, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 3, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032003000200006" type="journal article" year="2003">Da-Silva 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB838C0FFAB44788587C49B0105FF52" author="Salles, F. F. &amp; Nascimento, J. M. C. &amp; Massariol, F. C. &amp; Angeli, K. B. &amp; Barcelos-Silva, P. &amp; Rudio, J. A. &amp; Boldrini, R." box="[151,345,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" pagination="293 - 307" refId="ref7711" refString="Salles, F. F., Nascimento, J. M. C., Massariol, F. C., Angeli, K. B., Barcelos-Silva, P., Rudio, J. A. &amp; Boldrini, R. (2010) First survey of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) from Espirito Santo State, Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 10 (1), 293 - 307. [https: // www. biotaneotropica. org. br / v 10 n 1 / pt / abstract? inventory + bn 02610012010] https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032010000100025" type="journal article" year="2010">
Salles
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAB447885F1C49B014FFF52" box="[225,275,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
and present study) and the nymphs analyzed in the present study were found on stone and gravel substrates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33316BAFFAB447885D7C52205DAFE9A" box="[199,1414,258,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAB447885D7C52205DAFE9A" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,465]" box="[199,1414,258,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAB447885D7C522013DFE9B" bold="true" box="[199,353,258,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49ED8BD3FFAB44788477C5230255FE9A" box="[359,521,259,285]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49ED8BD3FFAB44788750C52302BEFE9A" box="[576,738,259,285]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
. New records for
<collectingRegion id="49ED8BD3FFAB447886BAC5230416FE9A" box="[938,1098,259,285]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49ED8BD3FFAB44788190C523054AFE9A" box="[1152,1302,259,285]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="131259B4FFAB44788035C5230526FE9A" box="[1317,1402,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1322,1346]" captionTargetBox="[218,1366,460,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-106@11.[213,1374,452,1298]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 23. Map of South America, with the eastern portion of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo in detail showing the distribution of the genus Thraulodes analyzed in this study. Thraulodes itatiajanus (yellow dot); Thraulodes luisae (purple dot); and Thraulodes alegre sp. nov. (red dot)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763253/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33316BAFFAB447885D7C506021BFE56" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAB447885D7C506021BFE56" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAB447885D7C50601F3FEC7" bold="true" box="[199,431,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B414F6CFFAB447884A5C50703ACFEE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3415107305" collectingDate="2008-04-20" collectorName="Ceunes" country="Brazil" county="Ibitirama" elevation="1063" latitude="-20.384472" location="Rio Pedra Roxa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.735584" municipality="Caparao National Park" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">
<collectingCountry id="F33E05A1FFAB447884A5C50701A0FEC6" box="[437,508,295,321]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49ED8BD3FFAB44788716C50702FBFEC6" box="[518,679,295,321]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F73DBDFFAB447887A1C5070347FEC6" box="[689,795,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Ibitirama</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2DF4BFFAB44788634C507047FFEC6" box="[804,1059,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Caparaó National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF613EAFFAB4478813DC5070483FEC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380F427FFAE44798587C6D0056DFE56:8EF613EAFFAB4478813DC5070483FEC6" box="[1069,1247,295,321]" country="Brazil" county="Ibitirama" latitude="-20.384472" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.735584" municipality="Caparao National Park" name="Rio Pedra Roxa" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Rio Pedra Roxa</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D23F6FFAB447881F9C50705D3FEC6" box="[1257,1423,295,321]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="4. 1" value="-20.384472">20º 23’ 4.1” S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D23F6FFAB44788587C56B0116FEE2" box="[151,330,331,357]" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="08.1" value="-41.735584">41º 44’ 08.1” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CD1E8D4FFAB44788445C56B01F7FEE2" box="[341,427,331,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.063" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1063.0">
<elevation id="0004A202FFAB44788445C56B01F7FEE2" box="[341,427,331,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.063" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1063.0">1063 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF9763F1FFAB447884A6C56B0273FEE2" box="[438,559,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" value="2008-04-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD39A19FFAB447884A6C56B0273FEE2" box="[438,559,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" value="2008-04-20">20.iv.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26DC20E7FFAB4478872AC56B02D0FEE2" box="[570,652,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Ceunes</collectorName>
leg.,
<specimenCount id="9D2F8EB8FFAB447887D9C56A02AFFEE2" box="[713,755,330,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
imagos and 3 nymphs
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B414F6CFFAB447886EBC56B05CBFE0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3415107301" collectingDate="2016-02-14" collectingDateMax="2018-03-28" collectingDateMin="2016-02-14" country="Brazil" county="Alto Caparao" elevation="1972" latitude="-20.625084" location="Rio Sao Domingos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.824192" municipality="Caparao National Park" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectingRegion id="49ED8BD3FFAB447886EBC56B04CFFEE2" box="[1019,1171,331,357]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F73DBDFFAB4478818CC56B0568FEE2" box="[1180,1332,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Alto Caparaó</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2DF4BFFAB4478802FC56B016FFE0E" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Caparaó National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF613EAFFAB4478842DC54F024CFE0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380F427FFAE44798587C6D0056DFE56:8EF613EAFFAB4478842DC54F024CFE0E" box="[317,528,367,393]" country="Brazil" county="Alto Caparao" latitude="-20.625084" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.824192" municipality="Caparao National Park" name="Rio Sao Domingos" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Rio São Domingos</location>
(EVA),
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D23F6FFAB4478877BC54F034DFE0E" box="[619,785,366,393]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="19.5" value="-20.472084">20º 28’ 19.5” S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D23F6FFAB44788634C54F0388FE0E" box="[804,980,367,393]" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="41.7" value="-41.82825">41º 49’ 41.7” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CD1E8D4FFAB447886CEC54F0468FE0E" box="[990,1076,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.972" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1972.0">
<elevation id="0004A202FFAB447886CEC54F0468FE0E" box="[990,1076,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.972" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1972.0">1972 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF9763F1FFAB4478812EC54F04E6FE0E" box="[1086,1210,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" value="2018-03-28">
<collectingDate id="EFD39A19FFAB4478812EC54F04E6FE0E" box="[1086,1210,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" value="2018-03-28">28.iii.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, lençol,
<specimenCount id="9D2F8EB8FFAB44788005C54F0562FE0E" box="[1301,1342,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
imagos
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B414F6CFFAB44788587C5B30218FE56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3415107302" collectingDate="2016-02-14" collectingDateMax="2018-03-28" collectingDateMin="2016-02-14" country="Brazil" county="Alto Caparao" elevation="1972" latitude="-20.625084" location="Rio Sao Domingos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.824192" municipality="Caparao National Park" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
Espera Feliz,
<location id="8EF613EAFFAB4478843FC5B30273FE2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380F427FFAE44798587C6D0056DFE56:8EF613EAFFAB4478843FC5B30273FE2A" box="[303,559,403,429]" country="Brazil" county="Alto Caparao" latitude="-20.625084" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-41.824192" municipality="Caparao National Park" name="Caparao National Park" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Caparaó National Park</location>
, Pedra Menina (Base),
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D23F6FFAB44788622C5B30386FE2A" box="[818,986,403,429]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="30.3" value="-20.625084">20º 37’ 30.3” S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D23F6FFAB447886FEC5B304FDFE2A" box="[1006,1185,403,429]" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="27.1" value="-41.824192">41º 49’ 27.1” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CD1E8D4FFAB447881D7C5B304AFFE2A" box="[1223,1267,403,429]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="4.0">
<elevation id="0004A202FFAB447881D7C5B304AFFE2A" box="[1223,1267,403,429]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF9763F1FFAB447881EEC5B205CBFE2A" box="[1278,1431,402,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" value="2016-02-14" valueMax="2016-02-15" valueMin="2016-02-14">
<collectingDate id="EFD39A19FFAB447881EEC5B205CBFE2A" box="[1278,1431,402,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" value="2016-02-14" valueMax="2016-02-15" valueMin="2016-02-14">14-15.ii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="52683D26FFAB44788587C597010EFE56" box="[151,338,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">uv light pan trap</collectingMethod>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2F8EB8FFAB4478844EC59701D4FE56" box="[350,392,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D2F8EB8FFAB447884AEC59701B4FE56" box="[446,488,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
imagos
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5615B9FFAB44788587C3680216F803" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763241" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5763241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5763241/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" startId="4.[151,250,1864,1888]" targetBox="[176,1411,491,1841]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAB44788587C3680216F803" blockId="4.[151,1436,1864,1924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAB44788587C3680166F8E7" bold="true" box="[151,314,1864,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 7–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAB44788451C368027BF8E7" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[321,551,1864,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiajanus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAB44788451C368027BF8E7" box="[321,551,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="11">Thraulodes itatiajanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, abdomen, ventral view: 7) female nymph;) male nymph; 9) male imago; 10) partial region of the genitalia with penes in detail.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33316BAFFAA447985D7C4B6056DFE56" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B964531FFAA447985D7C4B6056DFE56" blockId="5.[151,1436,150,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA447985D7C4B60110FF37" bold="true" box="[199,332,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">Discussion.</emphasis>
Many species of the genus have description of the female imago (
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA44798146C4B704D9FF37" box="[1110,1157,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">e.g.,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAA4479819FC4B7008EFF52" authority="Mariano &amp; Lima" authorityName="Mariano &amp; Lima" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alapictus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA4479819FC4B70548FF36" box="[1167,1300,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">T. alapictus</emphasis>
Mariano &amp; Lima
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB838C0FFAA447985E5C49B01ECFF52" author="Lima, L. R. C. &amp; Mariano, R. &amp; Pinheiro, U." box="[245,432,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" pagination="230 - 242" refId="ref7362" refString="Lima, L. R. C., Mariano, R. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2013) New species for Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) and the first key to adults from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 230 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3709.3.2" type="journal article" year="2013">
Lima
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA44798427C49B0133FF52" box="[311,367,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAA447984ABC49B0378FF52" authority="Mariano &amp; Froehlich" authorityName="Mariano &amp; Froehlich" authorityYear="2011" box="[443,804,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amanda">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA447984ABC49B026CFF52" box="[443,560,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">T. amanda</emphasis>
Mariano &amp; Froehlich
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB838C0FFAA44798657C49B0478FF52" author="Mariano, R. &amp; Flowers, R. W. &amp; Froehlich, C. G." box="[839,1060,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" pagination="3" refId="ref7488" refString="Mariano, R., Flowers, R. W. &amp; Froehlich, C. G. (2011) Four new species, a new synonymy and new record for Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology, 47 (4), 3 7 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2011044" type="journal article" year="2011">
Mariano
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA447986BCC49B03B8FF52" box="[940,996,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAA44798120C49B0151FF7E" authority="Goncalves, Da-Silva &amp; Nessimian" authorityName="Goncalves, Da-Silva &amp; Nessimian" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonito">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA44798120C49B04CFFF52" box="[1072,1171,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">T. bonito</emphasis>
Gonçalves, Da-Silva &amp; Nessimian
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB838C0FFAA44798423C4FF0271FF7E" author="Goncalves, I. G. &amp; Da-Silva, E. R. &amp; Nessimian, J. L." box="[307,557,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" pagination="2" refId="ref7245" refString="Goncalves, I. G., Da-Silva, E. R. &amp; Nessimian, J. L. (2013) Thraulodes bonito sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3669 (2), 153 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3669.2.6" type="journal article" year="2013">
Gonçalves
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA447984A1C4FF01B6FF7E" box="[433,490,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
; and
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAA4479877AC4FF0441FF7E" authority="Souto, Da-Silva &amp; Nessimian" authorityName="Souto, Da-Silva &amp; Nessimian" box="[618,1053,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinga">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA4479877AC4FF029AFF7F" box="[618,710,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">T. pinga</emphasis>
Souto, Da-Silva &amp; Nessimian
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB838C0FFAA44798153C4FF0556FF7E" author="Souto, P. M. &amp; Da-Silva, E. R. &amp; Nessimian, J. L." box="[1091,1290,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" pagination="4" refId="ref7906" refString="Souto, P. M., Da-Silva, E. R. &amp; Nessimian, J. L. (2014) Two new species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Southeast Brazil. Zootaxa, 3760 (4), 571 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3760.4.6" type="journal article" year="2014">
Souto
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA4479819CC4FF0499FF7E" box="[1164,1221,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). The female of
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAA447985A9C5230113FE9B" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[185,335,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiajanus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA447985A9C5230113FE9B" box="[185,335,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">T. itatiajanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to the female of
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAA44798782C5230344FE9A" box="[658,792,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alapictus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA44798782C5230344FE9A" box="[658,792,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">T. alapictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the general color pattern, large body length and marks on the legs, mainly on the tibiae with an apical mark and tarsi with the last tarsal segment and claw tinged with dark marks. However, the female of
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAA44798764C56B0355FEE3" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[628,777,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiajanus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA44798764C56B0355FEE3" box="[628,777,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">T. itatiajanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAA44798144C56B0484FEE2" box="[1108,1240,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alapictus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA44798144C56B0484FEE2" box="[1108,1240,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">T. alapictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characteristics:
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAA44798456C54F0194FE0E" box="[326,456,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alapictus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA44798456C54F0194FE0E" box="[326,456,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">T. alapictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has abdomen color dark brown without translucent segments, sterna without marks and legs color pattern without band; while
<taxonomicName id="4C293EB2FFAA44798759C5B30281FE2B" authorityName="Traver &amp; Edmunds" authorityYear="1967" box="[585,733,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Thraulodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itatiajanus">
<emphasis id="B95D9923FFAA44798759C5B30281FE2B" box="[585,733,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="12">T. itatiajanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has translucent segments (after oviposition), sterna II–VI with a curved row of two small dark dots that almost meet medially, and femur of all legs with an apical band.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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