325 lines
54 KiB
XML
325 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="641EEB2389976F8719F4E36B0784ADE4" ID-CLB-Dataset="27636" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66b35539-d2b9-4a3c-b8fc-2b1d9df8526e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2618831" ID-ZooBank="276F1D88-3186-4D14-B0BF-F345D043382B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553930669776" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Skinner, Luís Felipe, Rocha, Rosana M. & Counts, Bailey K." docDate="2019" docId="03ED87D1A252B344FF24FE5EE182FEB1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4545.2.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4545 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pyura gangelion" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="FFD4FFA9A255B34EFFB3FFA1E576FFF1" masterDocTitle="Pyura gangelion and Pyura beta sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae): an exotic and a new tunicate from the West Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="276" masterPageNumber="264" pageNumber="271" updateTime="1698715934409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="24A9957ADCE811DC3F5202783C6B7C67">Pyura gangelion and Pyura beta sp. nov. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae): an exotic and a new tunicate from the West Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2752492178DB2855840F32EE63F0F544">Skinner, Luís Felipe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="988DAD16989379C3F77043188D0DF948">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9B86464E8A619B65C34D4EDE48199A9">Counts, Bailey K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D63E40022EB8962F9734AA4E26D491D6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B9E7515A227453C4E821E0ACCCF1F32E">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03ED87D1A252B344FF24FE5EE182FEB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510418" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154531076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3510418" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87D1A252B344FF24FE5EE182FEB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED87D1A252B344FF24FE5EE182FEB1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
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<subSubSection id="C35E654CA252B349FF24FE5EE753FDEB" box="[151,549,511,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B349FF24FE5EE753FDEB" blockId="7.[151,549,511,571]" box="[151,549,511,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
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<heading id="D0B381ABA252B349FF24FE5EE753FDEB" bold="true" box="[151,549,511,538]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A252B349FF24FE5EE753FDEB" ID-CoL="4QY8Y" authority="(Savigny, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[151,549,511,538]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gangelion">
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<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FF24FE5EE753FDEB" bold="true" box="[151,549,511,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
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<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FF24FE5EE429FDE8" bold="true" box="[151,351,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Pyura gangelion</emphasis>
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(Savigny, 1816)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35E654CA252B349FF24FD83E486FD71" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B349FF24FD83E476FDCA" blockId="7.[151,549,511,571]" box="[151,256,546,571]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
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<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FF24FD83E476FDCA" box="[151,256,546,571]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B349FF24FDCBE486FD71" blockId="7.[151,849,618,671]" box="[151,496,618,640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A252B349FF24FDCBE49BFD71" authority="Savigny, 1816" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,493,618,640]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Cynthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gangelion">
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<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FF24FDCBE424FD71" box="[151,338,618,640]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Cynthia gangelion</emphasis>
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Savigny, 1816
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B349FF24FD2BE627FD6E" blockId="7.[151,849,618,671]" box="[151,849,649,671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A252B349FF24FD2BE770FD6E" ID-CoL="4QY8Y" authority=": Monniot 2018: 13" authorityName="Monniot" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,518,649,671]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gangelion">
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<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FF24FD2BE436FD6E" box="[151,320,649,671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Pyura gangelion</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE510D6A252B349FEFEFD28E770FD6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3509565" author="Monniot, F." box="[333,518,649,671]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187CAB9563C0AFF6B506FBA903AFD" page="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" year="2018">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B36A252B349FEFEFD28E497FD6E" author="Monniot, F." box="[333,481,649,671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" pagination="401 - 430" refId="ref6205" refString="Monniot, F. (2018) Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae. Zootaxa, 4459 (3), 401 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4459.3.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Monniot 2018</bibRefCitation>
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: 13
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</taxonomicName>
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, Fig. 12–15 and other synonyms
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<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FF24FD6DE4F2FD14" bold="true" box="[151,388,716,741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Material examined.</emphasis>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B2C3C9AA252B349FDE6FD6DE035FD14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147526514" box="[597,1347,716,741]" collectingDate="2012-01-26" collectorName="Guarapari, ES & R. M. Rocha" location="Escalvada Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8E9B601CA252B349FDE6FD6DE66FFD14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87D1A252B344FF24FE5EE182FEB1:8E9B601CA252B349FDE6FD6DE66FFD14" box="[597,793,716,741]" name="Escalvada Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Escalvada Island</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="26B15311A252B349FC9AFD6DE6B8FD15" box="[809,974,716,741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Guarapari, ES</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFFA1007A252B349FC6DFD6DE138FD14" box="[990,1102,716,741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" value="2012-01-26">
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<collectingDate id="EFBEE9EFA252B349FC6DFD6DE138FD14" box="[990,1102,716,741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" value="2012-01-26">26/I/2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 1 ind.,
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<collectorName id="26B15311A252B349FB00FD6CE035FD14" box="[1203,1347,716,741]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">R.M. Rocha</collectorName>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED55AE02A252B349FAE0FD6CE0EAFD15" box="[1363,1436,717,740]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<materialsCitation id="3B2C3C9AA252B349FEB8FD4EE6AAFCF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147526294" box="[267,988,751,776]" collectingDate="2012-01-27" collectorName="Guarapari, ES & R. M. Rocha" location="Escalvada Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8E9B601CA252B349FEB8FD4EE4BAFCF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87D1A252B344FF24FE5EE182FEB1:8E9B601CA252B349FEB8FD4EE4BAFCF9" box="[267,460,751,776]" name="Escalvada Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Escalvada Island</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="26B15311A252B349FE6AFD4EE70DFCF9" box="[473,635,751,776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Guarapari, ES</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFFA1007A252B349FD3AFD51E78FFCF9" box="[649,761,752,776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" value="2012-01-27">
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<collectingDate id="EFBEE9EFA252B349FD3AFD51E78FFCF9" box="[649,761,752,776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" value="2012-01-27">27/I/2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 2 ind.
|
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<collectorName id="26B15311A252B349FCFCFD51E6AAFCF9" box="[847,988,751,776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">R.M. Rocha</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED55AE02A252B349FC5AFD51E144FCF6" box="[1001,1074,752,775]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
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,
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B2C3C9AA252B349FB05FD4EE05EFCF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147526515" box="[1206,1320,751,776]" collectionCode="PYU" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" specimenCode="PYU-154" specimenCount="1">
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B2C3C9AA252B349FA82FD4EE0EBFCF9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147526297" box="[1329,1437,751,776]" collectionCode="PYU" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" specimenCode="PYU-155" specimenCount="1">
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<materialsCitation id="3B2C3C9AA252B349FF24FCB4E6AEFCDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147526347" box="[151,984,788,813]" collectingDate="2017-03-23" collectorName="Guarapari, ES & R. M. Rocha" location="Rasa de Terra Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" specimenCount="1">
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<location id="8E9B601CA252B349FF24FCB4E408FCDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87D1A252B344FF24FE5EE182FEB1:8E9B601CA252B349FF24FCB4E408FCDC" box="[151,382,788,813]" name="Rasa de Terra Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Rasa de Terra Island</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="26B15311A252B349FE39FCB5E75DFCDD" box="[394,555,788,813]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Guarapari, ES</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFFA1007A252B349FD85FCB5E7CEFCDD" box="[566,696,788,812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" value="2017-03-23">
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<collectingDate id="EFBEE9EFA252B349FD85FCB5E7CEFCDD" box="[566,696,788,812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" value="2017-03-23">23/III/2017</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
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, 1 ind. each,
|
||
<collectorName id="26B15311A252B349FCFFFCB4E6AEFCDC" box="[844,984,788,813]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">R.M. Rocha</collectorName>
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.
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|
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<subSubSection id="C35E654CA252B347FF74FC96E171FECE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B349FF74FC96E1A4FB64" blockId="7.[151,1437,716,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FF74FC96E42FFCA1" bold="true" box="[199,345,823,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Animals are rounded with very long siphons,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC9B22A252B349FCD4FC99E6A4FCBE" box="[871,978,824,848]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 7 cm</quantity>
|
||
in total length including the tunic. They attach to the substrate by the posterior region of the tunic. Tunic is leathery,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC9B22A252B349FC42FCFDE145FC85" box="[1009,1075,860,884]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick around the body but up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC9B22A252B349FF24FCDEE5ADFC66" box="[151,219,895,920]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick when contracted around the siphons, and covered by many fouling organisms like algae, sponges, hydroids, polychaetes, colonial ascidians and others. The animal is reddish to wine color, with some orange areas and the tunic matrix is wine or pale wine with a mucous yellow membrane in contact with the animal epidermis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FF2CFC4DE58FFBF4" box="[159,249,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The siphons are located anteriorly. The oral siphon is shorter (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC9B22A252B349FC70FC4DE16FFBF5" box="[963,1049,1004,1028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
) than the atrial (1.5–3.5 cm). Both siphons have four lobes covered by a layer of dense spinules measuring up to 200 µm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FBC2FBAEE19DFBD9" box="[1137,1259,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Fig. 5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FB44FBAEE066FBD9" box="[1271,1296,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<date id="FFFA1007A252B349FB44FBAEE066FBD9" box="[1271,1296,1039,1064]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">6I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) that extend from inside the siphons. The body wall is almost opaque because of the well developed muscles forming thin bands underneath a mat of fibers crossing each other in different directions and extend to the endostyle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FB5FFBF6E011FB9E" box="[1260,1383,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FAC0FBF6E5DAFB65" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In freshly preserved animals the anterior region of the body, including the siphons, is orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B349FF74FB3EE061FAD4" blockId="7.[151,1437,716,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
|
||
The oral tentacles are laminar and curved, with dense ramifications up to second order along the posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FF4AFB65E42EFB2C" box="[249,344,1220,1245]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
); the number ranges from 18 to 23, in three different sizes. The largest measure
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC9B22A252B349FAAAFB64E014FB2D" box="[1305,1378,1221,1244]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The prepharyngeal region is very narrow and smooth, and the prepharyngeal groove margins do not have projections. The peritubercular region is a deep V with the dorsal tubercle aperture heart-shaped or as a Y (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FB08FAADE07CFAD4" box="[1211,1290,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFFA1007A252B349FB43FAADE07CFAD4" box="[1264,1290,1292,1317]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">5I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B349FF74FA8EE121FA0C" blockId="7.[151,1437,716,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
|
||
The dorsal lamina is divided into many filamentous languets (73–112) and extends to the esophagus. The ends of the longitudinal vessels project towards the esophagus at both sides of its aperture, forming long languets. There are six high pharyngeal folds that overlap a little at each side of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FC7FFAD6E150FA61" box="[972,1062,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Figs 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FB83FAD6E120FA61" box="[1072,1110,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of longitudinal vessels ranges from 177–209 on the right side and 172–216 on the left. Transverse vessels 70 (only counted in one individual). Parastigmatic vessels are present. The number of stigmata ranges from four to six per mesh (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FA86FA1EE0E6FA29" box="[1333,1424,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The longitudinal vessel formula, from the right to left side in two different animals is:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B349FF24F98DE1DEF9B4" blockId="7.[151,1192,1580,1640]" box="[151,1192,1580,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FF24F98DE5DCF9B4" bold="true" box="[151,170,1580,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">E</emphasis>
|
||
11 (23) 7 (24) 7 (24) 7 (24) 8 (24) 7 (27) 4
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FD21F98DE7CFF9B4" bold="true" box="[658,697,1580,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">DL</emphasis>
|
||
4 (27) 5 (27) 5 (30) 5 (26) 5 (23) 4 (26) 8
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FB26F98DE1DEF9B4" bold="true" box="[1173,1192,1580,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">E</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B349FF24F9EEE1EDF999" blockId="7.[151,1192,1580,1640]" box="[151,1179,1615,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FF24F9EEE5DCF999" bold="true" box="[151,170,1615,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">E</emphasis>
|
||
4 (25) 4 (24) 5 (30) 6 (32) 4 (26) 5 (26) 6
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FD36F9EEE7DAF999" bold="true" box="[645,684,1615,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">DL</emphasis>
|
||
5 (26) 5 (33) 5 (32) 7 (31) 6 (28) 4 (26) 8
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A252B349FB3BF9EEE1EDF999" bold="true" box="[1160,1179,1615,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">E</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B349FF74F936E656F85C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1687,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
|
||
The gut occupies about 2/3 of the left side of the body. The digestive gland is one large mass formed by many tubular projections, brownish to light/dark green (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FD7AF91DE651F924" box="[713,807,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Figs. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FC80F91DE622F924" box="[819,852,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are three connections between the digestive gland and the intestine and small groups of projections along the esophagus. The intestine is isodiametric, with a first loop that is long and wide containing the left gonad and a short second loop. Fleshy and irregular-shaped, very dense endocarps are present from the anterior region close to the digestive gland, following the outer intestinal curvature to the anus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FE24F8EDE499F894" box="[407,495,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Figs 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FE4FF8EDE735F895" box="[508,579,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">6D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sometimes a slight constriction of the pre-anal region could be observed. The anus is sometimes bilobed, with smooth margins and opening very close to the atrial siphon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A252B349FAB4F8CEE02FF879" box="[1287,1369,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The atrial siphon velum forms four lobes projecting internally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A252B347FF7DF819E171FECE" blockId="7.[151,1437,1687,2037]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="7" pageNumber="271">
|
||
On the right side, the gonad is attached to the center of the body wall; it is curved and when fully developed it can occupy most of the space. It is formed by 24–33 spherical or elongated lobes disposed irregularly along the oviduct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A25CB347FF49FF36E406FF5E" box="[250,368,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Figs 5E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A25CB347FEC8FF36E4B6FF41" box="[379,448,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">6D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The left gonad has 22–30 lobes organized in pairs in the wide portion of the loop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A25CB347FADCFF36E5AEFF25" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[187,1402,193,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Fig. 5D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A25CB347FF57FF1DE45EFF25" box="[228,296,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">6D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The oviduct and sperm duct run together for a short distance and open close to the atrial siphon on both sides. Endocarps on the gonadal lobes are irregular and smaller than the ones on the intestine, but there is a group of elongated endocarps around the anterior end of the right gonad and a line of endocarps along the heart, between the right gonad and the endostyle, especially noticeable in
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A25CB347FC38FE86E175FECE" box="[907,1027,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Fig. 6D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B664FA25DB346FF24F8F3E17DF812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618842/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="272" startId="8.[151,250,1874,1896]" targetBox="[187,1402,193,1859]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A25DB346FF24F8F3E17DF812" blockId="8.[151,1437,1874,2019]" pageId="8" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25DB346FF24F8F3E478F899" bold="true" box="[151,270,1874,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A25DB346FEAFF8F2E706F899" authority="(Savigny, 1816)" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[284,624,1874,1896]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="8" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gangelion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25DB346FEAFF8F2E4B0F899" box="[284,454,1874,1896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="272">Pyura gangelion</emphasis>
|
||
(Savigny, 1816)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Brazil. A. View of preserved animal with tunic. B. External view of oral siphon with spinules on lobes. C. Detail of spinules under magnification. D, E. Animal removed from tunic, left and right side. F. Dissected animal (pharynx removed) showing main internal structures: muscle fibers, gonads, intestine and digestive gland. G. Pharynx removed and stained. H. Detail of pharynx showing parastigmatic vessels and stigmata. I. Stained anterior region with dorsal tubercle aperture. J. Anus (upper right aperture) and gonoducts (lower left).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3B664FA25CB347FF24F92AE7B6F8ED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="273" startId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" targetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A25CB347FF24F92AE7B6F8ED" blockId="9.[151,1436,1675,1820]" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25CB347FF24F92AE464F951" bold="true" box="[151,274,1675,1697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A25CB347FE97F92DE7F0F950" authority="(Savigny, 1816)" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[292,646,1675,1697]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gangelion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25CB347FE97F92DE4A5F950" box="[292,467,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Pyura gangelion</emphasis>
|
||
(Savigny, 1816)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35E654CA25CB344FF74F8E8E182FEB1" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="9" pageNumber="273" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36C7A25CB344FF74F8E8E182FEB1" blockId="9.[151,1436,1865,2034]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25CB347FF74F8E8E442F893" bold="true" box="[199,308,1865,1890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A25CB347FEF1F8EBE48BF890" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[322,509,1865,1889]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gangelion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25CB347FEF1F8EBE48BF890" box="[322,509,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Pyura gangelion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B36A25CB347FCF1F8E8E691F890" author="Monniot, C." box="[834,999,1865,1890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="273" pagination="51 - 62" refId="ref6000" refString="Monniot, C. (1973) Redescription de six ascidies du Golf d'Elat recoltees par H. Schuhmacher. Israel Journal of Zoology, 22, 51 - 62." type="journal article" year="1973">Monniot 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3537657A25CB347FC48F8E8E115F893" box="[1019,1123,1865,1890]" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3537657A25CB347FBDEF8E8E072F893" box="[1133,1284,1865,1890]" name="Mozambique" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3537657A25CB347FABCF8E8E0EEF893" box="[1295,1432,1865,1890]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3537657A25CB347FF24F8CDE589F874" box="[151,255,1900,1925]" name="Maldives" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Maldivas</collectingCountry>
|
||
and many countries in the Indo-Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B36A25CB347FD78F8CDE680F874" author="Monniot, F. & Monniot, C." box="[715,1014,1900,1925]" pageId="9" pageNumber="273" pagination="201 - 383" refId="ref6251" refString="Monniot, F. & Monniot, C. (2001) Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific. Zoosystema, 23, 201 - 383." type="journal article" year="2001">Monniot & Monniot 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B36A25CB347FBB9F8CDE1CBF874" author="Monniot, F." box="[1034,1213,1900,1925]" pageId="9" pageNumber="273" pagination="401 - 430" refId="ref6205" refString="Monniot, F. (2018) Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae. Zootaxa, 4459 (3), 401 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4459.3.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Monniot (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-examined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A25CB347FAE4F8CFE59CF858" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torpida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25CB347FAE4F8CFE59CF858" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Pyura torpida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3537657A25CB347FE87F830E4C6F85B" box="[308,432,1937,1962]" name="Martinique" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
which has been previously studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B36A25CB347FCCBF830E126F858" author="Monniot, C." box="[888,1104,1937,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="273" pagination="1021 - 1044" refId="ref6031" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe. VI. Pyuridae et Molgulidae. Bulletin du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, 4 e Series, A, 5 (4), 1021 - 1044." type="journal article" year="1983">C. Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and decided that the correct identification should be
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25CB347FE18F817E749F83C" box="[427,575,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A25CB347FE18F817E74DF83C" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[427,571,1973,1997]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gangelion">P. gangelion</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
showing that the species has been introduced in the Atlantic for at least 35 years. The strong armature of spinules in the siphons, four lobed atrial velum, lack of endocarps on the body wall and the line of endocarps present along the heart are diagnostic features of this species (compare our
|
||
<figureCitation id="137F2A42A25FB344FA90FF36E0EAFF5E" box="[1315,1436,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[162,1422,373,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,373,1654]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) from Brazil. A, B. Animal removed from the tunic, right and left sides respectively. C. Dissected animal showing the pharynx. D. Dissected animal (pharynx removed). E. Detail of the right side showing gonadal lobes, endocarps both on the gonads and along the heart. F. Detail of the left side showing the digestive gland, intestine, gonads and endocarps on the intestine wall and gonadal lobes. G. Stained pharynx. H. Detail of an oral tentacle. I. Extension of the tunic into the oral siphon with spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2618844/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="274">Fig. 6D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B36A25FB344FF63FF1DE4F4FF25" author="Monniot, F." box="[208,386,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="274" pagination="401 - 430" refId="ref6205" refString="Monniot, F. (2018) Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique 3. Stolidobranchia, Pyuridae and Molgulidae. Zootaxa, 4459 (3), 401 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4459.3.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Monniot (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Figs. 13A and 14C). The spinules have a similar shape as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A25FB344FB83FF1CE1E2FF25" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[1072,1172,189,212]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25FB344FB83FF1CE1E2FF25" box="[1072,1172,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="274">P. vittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but are more iridescent in the latter. It also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A25FB344FDAAFF40E708FF06" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[537,638,224,248]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Pyura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25FB344FDAAFF40E708FF06" box="[537,638,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="274">P. vittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by the shape of the body (more round), stronger body wall musculature, rectum not dilated and the line of endocarps along the heart (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B36A25FB344FC7CFEA5E102FEED" author="Monniot, C." box="[975,1140,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="274" pagination="1021 - 1044" refId="ref6031" refString="Monniot, C. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe. VI. Pyuridae et Molgulidae. Bulletin du Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, 4 e Series, A, 5 (4), 1021 - 1044." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The very long siphons of the specimens found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3537657A25FB344FE12FE86E493FEB1" box="[417,485,295,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="274">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
make it similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D44A25FB344FD0BFE89E11AFEB1" authority="Heller, 1878" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" box="[696,1132,295,320]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Microcosmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exasperatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAD5A25FB344FD0BFE89E6ADFEB1" box="[696,987,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="274">Microcosmus exasperatus</emphasis>
|
||
Heller,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBC9B22A25FB344FB87FE89E11AFEB1" box="[1076,1132,296,320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.77012" pageId="10" pageNumber="274" unit="in" value="1878.0">1878</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |