383 lines
53 KiB
XML
383 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="43114266A15A2BF5FAA1CF301874DD42">Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03ADE350B176FFEDF1CFFA358C93C882" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6308466" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193331823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6308466" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ADE350B176FFEDF1CFFA358C93C882" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ADE350B176FFEDF1CFFA358C93C882" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB176FFEFF1CFFA358A8EC9A5" box="[151,708,1446,1472]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B176FFEFF1CFFA358A8EC9A5" blockId="101.[151,708,1446,1506]" box="[151,708,1446,1472]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<heading id="D0F3E52AB176FFEFF1CFFA358A8EC9A5" bold="true" box="[151,708,1446,1472]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF1CFFA358A8EC9A5" bold="true" box="[151,708,1446,1472]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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32.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF19BFA358A8EC9A5" ID-CoL="77G6M" authority="(Viette, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[195,708,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF19BFA358A5CC9A5" bold="true" box="[195,534,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Phyllonorycter lemarchandi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B176FFEFF37DFA358AF6C9A5" author="Viette" box="[549,700,1446,1472]" firstAuthor="Viette" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="131 - 138" refId="ref201679" refString="Viette, P. (1951) Notes sur quelques Lepidopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser A, 5 (1), 131 - 138." type="journal article" year="1951">Viette, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB176FFEFF1CFFA5A8A5EC987" box="[151,532,1481,1506]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B176FFEFF1CFFA5A8A5EC987" blockId="101.[151,708,1446,1506]" box="[151,532,1481,1506]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B176FFEFF1C7FA5A88BFC984" box="[159,245,1481,1505]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–74" captionStartId="199.[151,264,1828,1851]" captionTargetBox="[225,1358,207,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-135@199.[225,1360,183,1802]" captionTargetPageId="199" captionText="FIGURES 69–74. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 69, Phyllonorycter hibiscola, holotype ♀, Kenya, Kakamega Forest, mine 28.iii.2003, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003278. 70, Phyllonorycter hibiscola, paratype ♀, Kenya, Kakamega Forest, mine 17.iv.2001, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003266. 71, Phyllonorycter jabalshamsi, holotype ♂, Oman, Jabal Shams, Al Hamra, 07.i.1993, leg. B. Skule, in ZMUC. 72, Phyllonorycter lemarchandi, holotype ♂, Madagascar, Antananarivo, mine 03.i.1949, in MNHN. 73, Phyllonorycter albertinus, holotype ♂, Kenya, Rift Valley, Turi, 05.ii.1999, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, in BMNH. 74, Phyllonorycter albertinus, paratype ♂, Kenya, Rift Valley, Turi, 18.i.1999, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000006147." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052179/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Figs 72</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B176FFEFF059FA5A892CC984" box="[257,358,1481,1505]" captionStart="FIGURES 217–223" captionStartId="226.[151,263,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[242,1333,184,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-66@226.[242,1352,173,1949]" captionTargetPageId="226" captionText="FIGURES 217–223. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 217–220, Phyllonorycter jabalshamsi, paratype, genitalia prep. MRAC/KMMA 00421, in RMCA. 217, ventral view. 218, sternum VIII. 219, aedoeagus. 220, vesica. 221–223, Phyllonorycter lemarchandi, genitalia prep. De Prins 3560, in MNHN. 221, ventral view. 222, sternum VIII. 223, aedoeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052290/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">221–223</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B176FFEFF029FA5A899CC984" box="[369,470,1481,1505]" captionStart="FIGURES 324–327" captionStartId="258.[151,263,1714,1737]" captionTargetBox="[182,1402,193,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-58@258.[151,1436,193,1691]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURES 324–327. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 324, Phyllonorycter jabalshamsi, paratype, genitalia prep. De Prins 3711, in ZMUC. 325–327, Phyllonorycter lemarchandi, paratype, genitalia prep. De Prins 3558, in MNHN. 325, segments VII–X, lateral view. 326, corpus bursae. 327, accessory bursae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052431/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">325–327</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B176FFEFF0B9FA5A8A41C984" box="[481,523,1481,1505]" captionStart="FIGURES 379–390" captionStartId="274.[151,263,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[226,1357,205,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-70@274.[218,1369,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURES 379–390. Distribution of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 379, Phyllonorycter brachylaenae. 380, Phyllonorycter dombeyae. 381, Phyllonorycter hibiscina. 382, Phyllonorycter ipomoellus. 383, Phyllonorycter turensis. 384, Phyllonorycter hibiscola. 385, Phyllonorycter lemarchandi. 386, Phyllonorycter albertinus. 387, Phyllonorycter caudasimplex. 388, Phyllonorycter leucaspis. 389, Phyllonorycter ololua. 390, Phyllonorycter didymopa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052491/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">385</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF353FA5A8A5EC987" bold="true" box="[523,532,1481,1506]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB176FFEFF1CFF9828D50CA23" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B176FFEFF1CFF9828CD7CA42" blockId="101.[151,1306,1553,1606]" box="[151,1181,1553,1575]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB147568B176FFEFF1CFF9828CD7CA42" box="[151,1181,1553,1575]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF1CFF98289D1CA42" authorityName="Viette" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,411,1553,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF1CFF98289D1CA42" box="[151,411,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lithocolletis lemarchandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B176FFEFF0ECF9828AD0CA42" author="Viette, P." box="[436,666,1553,1575]" page="131" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" year="1951">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B176FFEFF0ECF9828AD0CA42" author="Viette" box="[436,666,1553,1575]" firstAuthor="Viette" page="131 - 132" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="131 - 138" refId="ref201679" refString="Viette, P. (1951) Notes sur quelques Lepidopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser A, 5 (1), 131 - 138." type="journal article" year="1951">Viette (1951: 131–132</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 3),
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B176FFEFF3B7F9828C44CA42" author="Paulian, R. & Viette, P." box="[751,1038,1553,1575]" page="153" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" year="1955">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B176FFEFF3B7F9828C44CA42" author="Paulian & Viette" box="[751,1038,1553,1575]" firstAuthor="Paulian" page="153" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="141 - 281" refId="ref198787" refString="Paulian, R. & Viette, P. (1955) Essai d'un catalogue biologique des Lepidopteres Heteroceres de Tananarive. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser. E, 6, 141 - 281, 8 pls." type="journal article" year="1955">Paulian & Viette (1955: 153</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 156: fig. 14).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B176FFEFF1CFF9A38D50CA23" blockId="101.[151,1306,1553,1606]" box="[151,1306,1584,1606]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB147568B176FFEFF1CFF9A38D50CA23" box="[151,1306,1584,1606]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF1CFF9A389FECA23" ID-CoL="77G6M" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[151,436,1584,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF1CFF9A389FECA23" box="[151,436,1584,1606]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Phyllonorycter lemarchandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B176FFEFF095F9A38A37CA23" author="Viette, P." box="[461,637,1584,1606]" page="30" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B176FFEFF095F9A38A37CA23" author="Viette" box="[461,637,1584,1606]" firstAuthor="Viette" page="30" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 263" refId="ref201711" refString="Viette, P. (1990) A provisional check-list of the Lepidoptera Heterocera of Madagascar. Liste recapitulative des Lepidopteres Heteroceres de Madagascar. Faune de Madagascar, Supplement, 1 - 263." type="book chapter" year="1990">Viette (1990: 30)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B176FFEFF3DFF9A38BF1CA23" author="Dall'Asta, U. & De Prins, J. & De Prins, W." box="[647,955,1584,1606]" page="34" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" year="2001">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B176FFEFF3DFF9A38BF1CA23" author="Dall'Asta" box="[647,955,1584,1606]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dall'Asta" page="34 - 35" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref191504" refString="Dall'Asta, U., De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2001) Preliminary checklist of Gracillariidae of the Afrotropical Region. Zoologische Documentatie, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgie, 25, 48 pp." type="book" year="2001">
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||
Dall’Asta
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF3B7F9A28B56CA23" box="[751,796,1584,1606]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">et al</emphasis>
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. (2001: 34–35)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA57457B176FFEFF29DF9A38D5FCA23" author="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J." box="[965,1301,1584,1606]" page="312" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B176FFEFF29DF9A38D5FCA23" author="De Prins & De Prins" box="[965,1301,1584,1606]" firstAuthor="De Prins" page="312" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins (2005: 312)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB176FFEFF1CFF9E1893FCBE3" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B176FFEFF1CFF9E1893FCBE3" blockId="101.[150,1439,1650,2035]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF1CFF9E1895CCAEE" bold="true" box="[151,278,1650,1675]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Hindwing white markings are diagnostic for this species.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF297F9E08D53CAEE" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[975,1305,1651,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF297F9E08D53CAEE" box="[975,1305,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Phyllonorycter lemarchandi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is also the only Afrotropical
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF02FF9058A6CCACB" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[375,550,1686,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF02FF9058A6CCACB" box="[375,550,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
that has a long, narrow, curved valva with sharp long apices in male genitalia. The female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF36DF9288AA2CAB6" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[565,744,1723,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF36DF9288AA2CAB6" box="[565,744,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">P. lemarchandi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characteristic in having a very large tubular antrum, ridged ostium bursae and narrow band on anterior dorsal margin of segment VII. The female genitalia superficially resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF35DF8908AC5CB7E" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[517,655,1795,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF35DF8908AC5CB7E" box="[517,655,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">P. hibiscola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs in the position of ostium bursae, shape of antrum and form of sterigma. An easy difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF39AF8B48B22CB5B" box="[706,872,1830,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemachandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF39AF8B48B22CB5B" box="[706,872,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">P. lemachandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF2FDF8B48C65CB5B" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[933,1071,1830,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF2FDF8B48C65CB5B" box="[933,1071,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">P. hibiscola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is that the ostium bursae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF4DEF8B48963CB06" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF4DEF8B48963CB06" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">P. lemarchandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is located at the posterior margin of segment VII, whereas it is located in the middle of segment VII in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF1BDF8FC8924CBE3" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[229,366,1902,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF1BDF8FC8924CBE3" box="[229,366,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">P. hibiscola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB176FFECF19FF8018D2ACD5A" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B176FFEFF19FF8018D19CB97" blockId="101.[150,1439,1650,2035]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF19FF80189FACBCE" bold="true" box="[199,432,1938,1963]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB176FFEFF0EFF8008D19CB97" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736374" collectingDate="1949-01-03" collectingDateMax="1949-01-22" collectingDateMin="1949-01-03" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Madagascar" location="Madagascar" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF0EFF8008A57CBCE" box="[439,541,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BFECE4B176FFEFF0EFF8008A57CBCE" box="[439,541,1939,1963]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0299CFB176FFEFF374F8008A0BCBCF" box="[556,577,1939,1962]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, [1] [
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF327F8008B59CBCE" bold="true" box="[639,787,1939,1963]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31312D6B176FFEFF327F8008B59CBCE" box="[639,787,1939,1963]" name="Madagascar" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
]: ‘439(1) Elev du
|
||
<date id="FFBA7486B176FFEFF2BAF8018C74CBCF" box="[994,1086,1938,1962]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1949-01-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFE8D6EB176FFEFF2BAF8018C74CBCF" box="[994,1086,1938,1962]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1949-01-03">3.i.1949</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/ Eclos le
|
||
<date id="FFBA7486B176FFEFF5ECF8018D57CBCF" box="[1204,1309,1938,1962]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1949-01-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFE8D6EB176FFEFF5ECF8018D57CBCF" box="[1204,1309,1938,1962]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="1949-01-22">22.i.1949</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/ Inst[itut]. Scient[ifique]. [de] Madagascar, chenille mineuse de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF3B5F8258B3CCBAB" box="[749,886,1974,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF3B5F8258B05CBAB" box="[749,847,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ de Tsimbazaza / [leg.] A. R.’; [2] ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF448F8258DD6CBAB" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[1296,1436,1974,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF448F8258DD6CBAB" box="[1296,1436,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lithocolletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B176FFEFF1FDF848897BCB96" authority="Prins & Kawahara, 2012" authorityName="Prins & Kawahara" authorityYear="2012" box="[165,305,2011,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B176FFEFF1FDF848897BCB96" box="[165,305,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">lemarchandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A243332FB176FFEFF061F848893FCB97" box="[313,373,2011,2034]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
/ Holotype, P[ierre]. Viette’; [3] ‘TYPE’; [4] ‘Gen. Prep. 3564♂ / De Prins’, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B176FFEFF5ADF8488D04CB97" box="[1269,1358,2011,2034]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B175FFECF19FFF0B8D2ACD5A" blockId="102.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF19FFF0B89E6CCD5" box="[199,428,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Additional material:</emphasis>
|
||
3♂ and 3♀, (including 3♂ and 3♀ genitalia preparations).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB175FFECF51AFF0B8CF1CC92" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736446" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF51AFF0B8C95CCD5" bold="true" box="[1090,1247,152,176]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Madagascar:</emphasis>
|
||
2♂, Tananarive-Tsimbazaza, Elev. Elev. 3.ix.1957, 24.xii.1957, Eclos. 14.ix.1957, 26.xii.1957, N°1263, N°3286b, mineur de feuille de sida
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B175FFECF019FF4C89F7CC92" box="[321,445,223,247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, [leg.] H. Legrand, gen. prep. De Prins 3561♂, 3563♂, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B175FFECF506FF738CFDCC92" box="[1118,1207,224,247]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6C581BB175FFECF59CFF4C8D2ACD5A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464736583" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
1♂, 3♀, mineur de feuille de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B175FFECF047FE978BFACD79" authority="Malvacee, Madagascar-Centre, Elev." authorityName="Malvacee, Madagascar-Centre, Elev." box="[287,944,260,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhombifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF047FE9789A2CD79" box="[287,488,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Sida rhombifolia</emphasis>
|
||
Malvacée, Madagascar-Centre, Elev.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4.i.1960, 23.xii.1969, Eclos. 15.i.1960, 28.xii.1969, No 372, 1380, [leg.] H. Legrand, gen. prep. De Prins 3558♀, 3559♀, 3560♂, 3562♀, in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15CA83B175FFECF45BFEBB8D16CD5A" box="[1283,1372,296,319]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB175FFECF19FFED88AD3C81E" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B175FFECF19FFED88BCECD06" blockId="102.[151,1436,151,2012]" box="[199,900,331,356]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF19FFED8893FCD01" bold="true" box="[199,373,331,356]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" reason="1">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF023FEDF89F2CD01" box="[379,440,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B175FFECF09FFEDF8A51CD01" box="[455,539,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–74" captionStartId="199.[151,264,1828,1851]" captionTargetBox="[225,1358,207,1802]" captionTargetId="figure-135@199.[225,1360,183,1802]" captionTargetPageId="199" captionText="FIGURES 69–74. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 69, Phyllonorycter hibiscola, holotype ♀, Kenya, Kakamega Forest, mine 28.iii.2003, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003278. 70, Phyllonorycter hibiscola, paratype ♀, Kenya, Kakamega Forest, mine 17.iv.2001, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003266. 71, Phyllonorycter jabalshamsi, holotype ♂, Oman, Jabal Shams, Al Hamra, 07.i.1993, leg. B. Skule, in ZMUC. 72, Phyllonorycter lemarchandi, holotype ♂, Madagascar, Antananarivo, mine 03.i.1949, in MNHN. 73, Phyllonorycter albertinus, holotype ♂, Kenya, Rift Valley, Turi, 05.ii.1999, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, in BMNH. 74, Phyllonorycter albertinus, paratype ♂, Kenya, Rift Valley, Turi, 18.i.1999, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000006147." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052179/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length: 2.0–2.3 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B175FFECF19FFEE38C64CDC9" blockId="102.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF19FFEE38947CDED" box="[199,269,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Vertex tufted with ochreous brown piliform scales. Labial palpus ca. 1.5× longer than eye, straight, directed latero-ventrally, fulvous. Antenna slightly shorter than forewing, fulvous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B175FFECF19FFE2B8901C851" blockId="102.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF19FFE2B8968CDB5" box="[199,290,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
Ochreous brown with golden yellow scales. Forewing ground colour yellowish-ochreous with white markings consisting of basal streak, three costal strigulae, one angulated fascia, and 3 dorsal strigulae; basal streak runs to 1/6 of forewing, broader at base, and gently tapering towards apical end, slightly curved towards apex, both margins costal and dorsal edged with a row of black scales; first costal strigula just beyond 1/ 4, thick, rod shaped, truncate, oblique toward tornus of forewing, reaching slightly beyond midline of forewing; first dorsal strigula at 1/4, just below tip of basal streak, shaped as elongate patch along dorsal margin, edged with black scales costally, first fascia just beyond 1/2, angulated at midline of forewing of 90°, with its median part retracted (in holotype first fascia interrupted), edged with black scales basally, some black scales border apical edge of first fascia; second costal strigula at 3/4 of forewing, elongate triangular, borderd with black scales basally, second dorsal strigula opposite second costal strigula, edged basally, reaching midline of forewing (in some paratypes both markings: second costal and second dorsal strigulae can touch each other (Viette: 1951:131)), third costal strigula small, elongate comma shaped in apical sector of forewing, withount distinctive edging; third dorsal strigula at tornus sector, opposite third costal strigula, broader and shorter than third costal strigula, without distinctive edging; an irregular but clear apical spot consisting of assembly of black scales present on apex of forewing; fringe line greyish dark with dark brownish tipped scales at apex and along termen, with brownish golden shine at termen; fringe along dorsal margin light fuscous ochreous with golden lustre. Hindwings pale grey with long pale greyish ochreous fringe of lighter shading than hindwing. Legs golden fuscous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B175FFECF19FFBD38AD3C81E" blockId="102.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF19FFBD3897BC83D" box="[199,305,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsally dark brown. Anal tergite golden ochreous with tufted piliform scales. Sternum VIII in males almost rounded, with sparse long setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB175FFECF19FFB1B8C7FC9F9" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B175FFECF19FFB1B8C7FC9F9" blockId="102.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF19FFB1B8963C8C5" box="[199,297,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. In the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B175FFECF323FB1A8BB4C8FA" authority=", Viette (1951: 131)" authorityName=", Viette" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1951" box="[635,1022,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF323FB1A8B68C8C5" box="[635,802,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">P. lemarchandi</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B175FFECF268FB148BB4C8FA" author="Viette" box="[816,1022,1159,1183]" firstAuthor="Viette" page="131" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="131 - 138" refId="ref201679" refString="Viette, P. (1951) Notes sur quelques Lepidopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser A, 5 (1), 131 - 138." type="journal article" year="1951">Viette (1951: 131)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, wrote “Les pattes sont gris vert doré avec l’abdomen brun sombre et la touffe anale gris vert doré” Perhaps it could be considered a little bit too subjective to describe legs and anal tuft of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B175FFECF322FB428B69C88D" authorityName=", Viette" authorityYear="1951" box="[634,803,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF322FB428B69C88D" box="[634,803,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">P. lemarchandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as golden greyish green. We would suggest considering the mentioned “golden greyish green” as lustre, but not as the colour. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B175FFECF578FB678CA4C969" author="Viette" box="[1056,1262,1268,1292]" firstAuthor="Viette" page="131" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="131 - 138" refId="ref201679" refString="Viette, P. (1951) Notes sur quelques Lepidopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser A, 5 (1), 131 - 138." type="journal article" year="1951">Viette (1951: 131)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clearly lists all white markings present on the forewings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B175FFECF3DCFA8A8B66C955" authorityName=", Viette" authorityYear="1951" box="[644,812,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF3DCFA8A8B66C955" box="[644,812,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">P. lemarchandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which entirely coincide with the markings of forewing of the examined holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B175FFECF0B4FAAE8ADDC931" authorityName=", Viette" authorityYear="1951" box="[492,663,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF0B4FAAE8ADDC931" box="[492,663,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">P. lemarchandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the following four characteristic markings are omitted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B175FFECF41EFAAF8946C912" author="Viette's" firstAuthor="Viette's" page="135" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="131 - 138" refId="ref201679" refString="Viette, P. (1951) Notes sur quelques Lepidopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser A, 5 (1), 131 - 138." type="journal article" year="1951">Viette’s (1951:135</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3) illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B175FFECF34FFAF28A89C91D" authorityName=", Viette" authorityYear="1951" box="[535,707,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF34FFAF28A89C91D" box="[535,707,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">P. lemarchandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1) basal stripe, 2) first dorsal strigula, 3) angulated, medialy retracted first fascia with clearly illustrated dorsal part, and 4) third dorsal strigula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB175FFEDF19FFA3B889ACF71" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B175FFECF19FFA3B8B56CB29" blockId="102.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF19FFA3B893AC9A5" box="[199,368,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B175FFECF0DDFA348A60C9DA" box="[389,554,1447,1471]" captionStart="FIGURES 217–223" captionStartId="226.[151,263,1943,1966]" captionTargetBox="[242,1333,184,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-66@226.[242,1352,173,1949]" captionTargetPageId="226" captionText="FIGURES 217–223. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 217–220, Phyllonorycter jabalshamsi, paratype, genitalia prep. MRAC/KMMA 00421, in RMCA. 217, ventral view. 218, sternum VIII. 219, aedoeagus. 220, vesica. 221–223, Phyllonorycter lemarchandi, genitalia prep. De Prins 3560, in MNHN. 221, ventral view. 222, sternum VIII. 223, aedoeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052290/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Figs 221–223</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegumen slightly longer than sternum VIII, elongate cone shaped, more strongly sclerotized and thicker in basal half, apex double-peaked sharp pointed, without visible setae at 100×, a longitudinal suture divides tegumen into two equal lateral halves; tuba analis slightly protruding. A sclerotized plate (scaphium) at middle of tegumen; a pair of sclerotized very slender arms subbasally directed upward and not joining (subscaphium). Valvae symmetrical, valva curved and bent, elongate, almost as long as tegumen + sternum VIII, tapering to very slender distally, setose with long and slender setae, more dense dorsally; dorsal margin of valva rough, very strongly sclerotized, scobinated. Vinculum strongly sclerotized, very broad especially towards base of saccus; saccus long, as long as sternum VIII, slender, gently rounded caudally. Transtilla well developed, strongly sclerotized, narrow, arc-shaped, anellus with well sclerotized ring-liked fultura superior bearing an extended, short, ventral appendix. Aedoeagus long, ca. 1.5× longer than saccus, cylindrical, gently curved postmedially, with broad unsclerotized coecum, vesica tapering to cone-like pointed apex, with a long, gently curved, rod-like cornutus almost 1/6 length of aedoeagus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B175FFEDF19FF8CB8A2CCEC2" blockId="102.[151,1436,151,2012]" lastBlockId="103.[151,1436,151,1256]" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B175FFECF19FF8CB89C3CB15" box="[199,393,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B175FFECF0C1F8C48A76CB0A" box="[409,572,1879,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 324–327" captionStartId="258.[151,263,1714,1737]" captionTargetBox="[182,1402,193,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-58@258.[151,1436,193,1691]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURES 324–327. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 324, Phyllonorycter jabalshamsi, paratype, genitalia prep. De Prins 3711, in ZMUC. 325–327, Phyllonorycter lemarchandi, paratype, genitalia prep. De Prins 3558, in MNHN. 325, segments VII–X, lateral view. 326, corpus bursae. 327, accessory bursae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052431/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Figs 325–327</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae anales wide and equally compressed laterally, ca. 2.5× as wide as long, covered with long slender hairs like setae, almost of equal length, most abundant dorsally; short rare setulae present ventrally and arise from round scaled tubercules along base of posterior apophyses; basal bar strongly sclerotized at basal part of posterior apophyses and non sclerotized dorso-ventrally; a slender, needlelike, strongly sclerotized projection runs from posterior margin of segment VIII and reaches basal area of apophyses anteriores. Posterior apophyses long, reaching beyond midway into segment VII, straight, slender gently tapering into narrowly pointed apex, with broad triangular bases, about 1/4 as wide as width of papillae anales. Segment VIII very short, shorter than papillae anales, slightly longer dorsally than ventrally, weakly membranous, weakly connected with segment VII; connection between VII and VIII segments has narrow lateral gap. Anterior apophyses initiate at ventrolateral angles of segment VIII, without sclerotized plate, with broad triangular bases, 1/4 shorter than posterior apophyses, slender, slightly curved with sharp apices. Ostium bursae located at posterior part of segment VII, exposes curved ridge sterigma, consisting of two dorsal and two ventral sclerotized sinusoid depressions with dorsal margins projecting anteriorly; special cuticle projections of segment VII absent. Dorsal anterior margin of segment VII with strongly sclerotized, narrow band. Antrum broad, heavily sclerotized, tubular, long, as long as segment VII, transiting into ductus bursae, curved twice. Ductus bursae short, slightly broadening anteriorly, weakly membranous, with posterior part slightly heavier membranous than anterior part. Corpus bursae oval sack form, without special membranous areas, no signum. Spermatheca large, oval located close to median part of corpus bursae, ductus spermathecae form 26–28 coils, with slightly larger diameter posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B174FFEDF19FFD20889ACF71" blockId="103.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF19FFD20890BCEA9" bold="true" box="[199,321,691,716]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="1">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
There is a slight variation in forewing pattern: the proximal region of the first fascia can be interrupted or obsolete. Corpus bursae in female genitalia varies from oval or drop-shaped to a elongate narrow sack.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB174FFEDF19FFC8C8C6CC86A" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B174FFEDF19FFC8C8B09CF52" blockId="103.[151,1436,151,1256]" box="[199,835,799,824]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF19FFC8C8960CF5D" bold="true" box="[199,298,799,824]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="1">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Surroundings of Anatananarivo in Madagascar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B174FFEDF19FFCD78B22CF1A" blockId="103.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF19FFCD78921CF39" bold="true" box="[199,363,835,860]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="1">Host plant(s).</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B174FFEDF02CFCD789BCCF39" baseAuthorityName="Paulian & Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[372,502,836,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B174FFEDF35BFCD78AC0CF39" box="[515,650,836,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF35BFCD78A2FCF39" box="[515,613,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B174FFEDF3FFFCD78B34CF39" author="Viette" box="[679,894,836,860]" firstAuthor="Viette" page="132" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="131 - 138" refId="ref201679" refString="Viette, P. (1951) Notes sur quelques Lepidopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser A, 5 (1), 131 - 138." type="journal article" year="1951">Viette (1951: 132)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B174FFEDF2D5FCD78C97CF39" author="Paulian & Viette" box="[909,1245,836,860]" firstAuthor="Paulian" page="153" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="141 - 281" refId="ref198787" refString="Paulian, R. & Viette, P. (1955) Essai d'un catalogue biologique des Lepidopteres Heteroceres de Tananarive. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser. E, 6, 141 - 281, 8 pls." type="journal article" year="1955">Paulian & Viette (1955: 153)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B174FFEDF5B3FCD788B6CF1A" author="Dall'Asta" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dall'Asta" page="34" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref191504" refString="Dall'Asta, U., De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2001) Preliminary checklist of Gracillariidae of the Afrotropical Region. Zoologische Documentatie, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Tervuren, Belgie, 25, 48 pp." type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Dall’Asta
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF43AFCD68DDFCF39" box="[1378,1429,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001: 34
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B174FFEDF050FCFB8A2CCF1A" author="De Prins & De Prins" box="[264,614,871,895]" firstAuthor="De Prins" page="312" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref192296" refString="De Prins, W. & De Prins, J. (2005) Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera). In: Landry, B. (Ed.), World catalogue of insects. Volume 6. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 502 pp." type="book" year="2005">De Prins & De Prins 2005: 312</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (see
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF3F2FCFB8B46CFE5" box="[682,780,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B174FFEDF19FFC1F8AACCFC1" blockId="103.[151,1436,151,1256]" box="[199,742,908,932]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B174FFEDF19FFC1F890ECFC1" box="[199,324,908,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B174FFEDF017FC1F8A46CFC1" box="[335,524,908,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhombifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF017FC1F8A46CFC1" box="[335,524,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Sida rhombifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.—(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF308FC1F8A9CCFC1" bold="true" box="[592,726,908,932]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">new record</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B174FFEDF19FFC3C8C6CC86A" blockId="103.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF19FFC3C8946CFAD" bold="true" box="[199,268,943,968]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Mine.</emphasis>
|
||
The illustration of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B174FFEDF343FC228AF2CFAD" box="[539,696,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchadi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF343FC228AF2CFAD" box="[539,696,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">P. lemarchadi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mine in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B174FFEDF27BFC3C8C29CFA2" author="Paulian & Viette" box="[803,1123,943,967]" firstAuthor="Paulian" page="156" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="141 - 281" refId="ref198787" refString="Paulian, R. & Viette, P. (1955) Essai d'un catalogue biologique des Lepidopteres Heteroceres de Tananarive. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser. E, 6, 141 - 281, 8 pls." type="journal article" year="1955">Paulian & Viette (1955:156</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 14) shows an abaxial, oval, blotch mine situated close to the base of the leaflet, initiating at the base of the median vein and abruptly enlarging towards the edge of the leaf. The mine occupies ca. 1/8 of the leaf area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB174FFEDF19FFB8F89DAC819" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B174FFEDF19FFB8F89DAC819" blockId="103.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF19FFB8F8963C851" box="[199,297,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B174FFEDF0FFFB8F8AA9C851" author="Paulian & Viette" box="[423,739,1052,1076]" firstAuthor="Paulian" page="156" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="141 - 281" refId="ref198787" refString="Paulian, R. & Viette, P. (1955) Essai d'un catalogue biologique des Lepidopteres Heteroceres de Tananarive. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser. E, 6, 141 - 281, 8 pls." type="journal article" year="1955">Paulian & Viette (1955:156)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrate the mine of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B174FFEDF281FB8E8CCBC851" authorityName=", Viette" authorityYear="1951" box="[985,1153,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemarchandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF281FB8E8CCBC851" box="[985,1153,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">P. lemarchandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on a leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B174FFEDF454FB8F8DDDC856" box="[1292,1431,1052,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF454FB8F8D24C851" box="[1292,1390,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all other specimens of this species, except the holotype, are reared on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B174FFEDF280FBAC8C1FC832" box="[984,1109,1087,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B174FFEDF457FBD38DD6C832" box="[1295,1436,1088,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF457FBD38D3BC83D" box="[1295,1393,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
requires confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB174FFEDF19FFB1489FEC8A1" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B174FFEDF19FFB1489FEC8A1" blockId="103.[151,1436,151,1256]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF19FFB148924C8C5" bold="true" box="[199,366,1159,1184]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="1">Flight period.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults were collected during two periods of the year: in early September and between late December–early January.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB174FFEDF19FFB5C8C93C882" box="[199,1241,1231,1256]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B174FFEDF19FFB5C8C93C882" blockId="103.[151,1436,151,1256]" box="[199,1241,1231,1256]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B174FFEDF19FFB5C892AC88D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1231,1256]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B174FFEDF037FB5C8998C882" box="[367,466,1231,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 379–390" captionStartId="274.[151,263,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[226,1357,205,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-70@274.[218,1369,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURES 379–390. Distribution of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 379, Phyllonorycter brachylaenae. 380, Phyllonorycter dombeyae. 381, Phyllonorycter hibiscina. 382, Phyllonorycter ipomoellus. 383, Phyllonorycter turensis. 384, Phyllonorycter hibiscola. 385, Phyllonorycter lemarchandi. 386, Phyllonorycter albertinus. 387, Phyllonorycter caudasimplex. 388, Phyllonorycter leucaspis. 389, Phyllonorycter ololua. 390, Phyllonorycter didymopa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052491/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 385</figureCitation>
|
||
). Recorded from two localities close to Antananarivo in Madagascar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |