184 lines
23 KiB
XML
184 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F4C4E6A6C06F440FB4D961F91AA0FE73">Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="33B4D9DC731F584B1CA96D0EF1559EA4">Prins, Jurate De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A5EEE2C577BB9A10FA937B5F78316F1E">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="778A3477750194C05265F314BF13D4EA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0660F4FC3645C27530C3F07EBC091BE2">
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<mods:date id="A7B1546A774BACCB519B895B36FD1386">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03ADE350B16CFFF5F1CFFCD08DD1CBFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259468" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193331809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259468" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ADE350B16CFFF5F1CFFCD08DD1CBFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ADE350B16CFFF5F1CFFCD08DD1CBFC" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB16CFFF5F1CFFCD089B7CF38" box="[151,509,835,862]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B16CFFF5F1CFFCD089B7CF38" blockId="127.[151,509,835,862]" box="[151,509,835,862]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<heading id="D0F3E52AB16CFFF5F1CFFCD089B7CF38" bold="true" box="[151,509,835,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F1CFFCD089B7CF38" bold="true" box="[151,509,835,862]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F197FCD78904CF3B" ID-CoL="4H8C6" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[207,334,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melhaniae">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F197FCD78904CF3B" bold="true" box="[207,334,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">melhaniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB16CFFF5F1CFFC198BDFC937" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B16CFFF5F1CFFC198C16C833" blockId="127.[151,1436,906,1363]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F193FC18890ACFC6" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[203,320,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melhaniae">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F193FC18890ACFC6" box="[203,320,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">melhaniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group consists of two species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F3FFFC188B87CFC7" authority="(Vari, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[679,973,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melhaniae">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F3FFFC188B73CFC6" box="[679,825,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. melhaniae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B16CFFF5F212FC198B8FCFC7" author="Vari" box="[842,965,906,930]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F55FFC188CB7CFC7" authority="De Prins" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[1031,1277,906,930]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rongensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F55FFC188CDACFC7" box="[1031,1168,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">P. rongensis</emphasis>
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De Prins
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A243332FB16CFFF5F453FC188D0DCFC7" box="[1291,1351,907,930]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Adults belonging to this group can be distinguished from other groups by their genitalia. There are slight differences in wing pattern between both species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F324FC408ABACF8E" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[636,752,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melhaniae">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F324FC408ABACF8E" box="[636,752,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">melhaniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group in shape of fasciae and intensity of edging of white markings. However, wing markings should not be used as the primary diagnostic feature as differences are generally minor. Therefore, only dissections of genitalia provide the means for accurate identification of adult moths. Larvae of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F0DDFBAD89B0C833" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[389,506,1086,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melhaniae">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F0DDFBAD89B0C833" box="[389,506,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">melhaniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group feed on plants in the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F283FBAD8C12C833" box="[987,1112,1086,1110]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B16CFFF5F19FFBF18BDFC937" blockId="127.[151,1436,906,1363]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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The male genitalia of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F0A8FBF08A2EC81E" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[496,612,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melhaniae">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F0A8FBF08A2EC81E" box="[496,612,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">melhaniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group resemble those of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F549FBF08CD3C81E" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1041,1177,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhynchosiae">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F549FBF08CD3C81E" box="[1041,1177,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">rhynchosiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group, ventral surface of valva with no valval process. Cucullus slightly enlarged, setose. The female genitalia are characterized by large cone-like sterigma, which is connected to segment VII anteriorly and loose posteriorly, forming a broad and short extension of segment VII. Ostium bursae opens on truncate apex of sterigmatic extension, at a distance from the main sternum of segment VII. Ductus bursae broad and short approximately as long as segment VII, corpus bursae elongate, of medium size, with a small elongate signum at junction of ductus and corpus bursae, caudal part of corpus bursae at about anterior margin of segment VI.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB16CFFF5F1CFFA358B91C9A5" box="[151,987,1446,1472]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B16CFFF5F1CFFA358B91C9A5" blockId="127.[151,987,1446,1472]" box="[151,987,1446,1472]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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||
<heading id="D0F3E52AB16CFFF5F1CFFA358B91C9A5" bold="true" box="[151,987,1446,1472]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F1CFFA358B91C9A5" bold="true" box="[151,987,1446,1472]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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Key to the species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F0C4FA358A51C9A5" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[412,539,1446,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melhaniae">
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<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F0C4FA358A51C9A5" bold="true" box="[412,539,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">melhaniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group based on external characters
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB16CFFF5F1CFFA7E8DD1CAF0" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="key">
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<keyStep id="30F04AE3B16CFFF5F1CFFA7E8DD1CAF0" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B16CFFF5F1CFFA7E8DD6CA58" blockId="127.[151,1437,1517,1685]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<keyLead id="30F5F173B16CFFF5F1CFFA7E8DD6CA58" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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1. Frons white with irroration of dark, ochreous-tipped scales; first fascia equally narrow on costal and dorsal margin of forewing, edged basally and apically; second fascia more or less rectangular shaped, of more or less equal width on costal and basal margins of forewing, equally edged basally and apically (
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B16CFFF5F3BAF9B48B06CA59" box="[738,844,1575,1596]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 87–92" captionStart-1="FIGURES 93–98" captionStartId-0="202.[151,263,1853,1876]" captionStartId-1="203.[151,264,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1369,193,1832]" captionTargetBox-1="[226,1360,193,1796]" captionTargetId-0="figure-125@202.[201,1369,193,1832]" captionTargetId-1="figure-139@203.[226,1361,193,1796]" captionTargetPageId-0="202" captionTargetPageId-1="203" captionText-0="FIGURES 87–92. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 87, Phyllonorycter anchistea, holotype 6348♂, South Africa, Louis Trichardt, 11.v.1953, leg. L. Vári, in TMSA. 88, Phyllonorycter anchistea, ♂, South Africa, Buffelspoortdam, 20.vii.1971, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004151. 89, Phyllonorycter melanosparta, holotype 360♀, South Africa, Barberton, 31.xii.1910, leg. A.J.T. Janse, in TMSA. 90, Phyllonorycter melanosparta, ♀, Kenya, Kakamega Forest, mine 19.iv.2001, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004144. 91, Phyllonorycter melhaniae, holotype 6396♂, Zimbabwe, Hot Springs, 29.iv.1956, leg. L. Vári, in TMSA. 92, Phyllonorycter melhaniae, paratype 6399♀, Zimbabwe, Hot Springs, 03.v.1956, leg. L. Vári, in TMSA." captionText-1="FIGURES 93–98. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 93, Phyllonorycter melhaniae, ♀, South Africa, Potgietersrus, 26.iv.1968, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003361. 94, Phyllonorycter rongensis, holotype ♀, Kenya, Rift Valley, Rongai, 06.i. 2000, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003269. 95, Phyllonorycter mida, holotype ♀, Kenya, Arabuko Sokoke Forest, 27.iii.2004, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003282. 96, Phyllonorycter mida, paratype ♀, Yemen, Shabwah, Abdalla Garib Plateau, 02.v.1999, leg. M. Fibiger et al., in ZMUC. 97, Phyllonorycter tsavensis, holotype ♀, Kenya, Tsavo, 11.iv.2002, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003268. 98, Phyllonorycter obandai, paratype ♂, Kenya, Rift Valley, Turi, 27.ii.2000, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, in BMNH." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052188" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052192" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6052188/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6052192/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 91–93</figureCitation>
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).....................................45.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F460F9BB8DD6CA58" ID-CoL="4H8C6" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1336,1436,1576,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melhaniae">
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||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F460F9BB8DD6CA58" box="[1336,1436,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">melhaniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB5246B16CFFF5F1CFF9D68DD1CAF0" blockId="127.[151,1437,1517,1685]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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||
<keyLead id="30F5F173B16CFFF5F1CFF9D68DD1CAF0" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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– Frons entirely white; first fascia ca. 3× broader on dorsal margin than on costal margin of forewing, edged apically with only a few scales present basally at subcostal sector; second fascia more or less triangular shaped very broad at dorsal and very narrow costal costal margin of forewing, edged basally (
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<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B16CFFF5F386F9EC8B6ECAF1" box="[734,804,1663,1684]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–98" captionStartId="203.[151,264,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-139@203.[226,1361,193,1796]" captionTargetPageId="203" captionText="FIGURES 93–98. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 93, Phyllonorycter melhaniae, ♀, South Africa, Potgietersrus, 26.iv.1968, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003361. 94, Phyllonorycter rongensis, holotype ♀, Kenya, Rift Valley, Rongai, 06.i. 2000, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003269. 95, Phyllonorycter mida, holotype ♀, Kenya, Arabuko Sokoke Forest, 27.iii.2004, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003282. 96, Phyllonorycter mida, paratype ♀, Yemen, Shabwah, Abdalla Garib Plateau, 02.v.1999, leg. M. Fibiger et al., in ZMUC. 97, Phyllonorycter tsavensis, holotype ♀, Kenya, Tsavo, 11.iv.2002, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003268. 98, Phyllonorycter obandai, paratype ♂, Kenya, Rift Valley, Turi, 27.ii.2000, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, in BMNH." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052192/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
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)......................................... 46.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F467F9138DD1CAF0" ID-CoL="8VM54" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[1343,1435,1664,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rongensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F467F9138DD1CAF0" box="[1343,1435,1664,1685]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">rongensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB16CFFF5F1CFF9768B64CA9A" box="[151,814,1765,1791]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B16CFFF5F1CFF9768B64CA9A" blockId="127.[151,814,1765,1791]" box="[151,814,1765,1791]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<heading id="D0F3E52AB16CFFF5F1CFF9768B64CA9A" bold="true" box="[151,814,1765,1791]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F1CFF9768B64CA9A" bold="true" box="[151,814,1765,1791]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
Key to females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F02EF97689BFCA9A" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[374,501,1765,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melhaniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F02EF97689BFCA9A" bold="true" box="[374,501,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">melhaniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group based on genitalia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB16CFFF5F1CFF8BF8DD1CBFC" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="key">
|
||
<keyStep id="30F04AE3B16CFFF5F1CFF8BF8DD1CBFC" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B16CFFF5F1CFF8BF8DD6CB3B" blockId="127.[151,1436,1836,1945]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F5F173B16CFFF5F1CFF8BF8DD6CB3B" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
1. Anterior apophyses ca. 2/3 as long as posterior apophyses; sclerotized ring absent on sterigmatic extension (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B16CFFF5F5B4F8BF8D74CB24" box="[1260,1342,1836,1857]" captionStart="FIGURES 336–337" captionStartId="263.[151,264,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[172,1402,183,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-58@263.[151,1436,179,1616]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURES 336–337. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 336, Phyllonorycter melhaniae, paratype, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. Vári 7496, in TMSA. 337, Phyllonorycter rongensis, holotype, genitalia prep. MRAC/ KMMA 00383, in RMCA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052451/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 336</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................................................................................45.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F460F8DA8DD6CB3B" ID-CoL="4H8C6" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1336,1436,1865,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melhaniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F460F8DA8DD6CB3B" box="[1336,1436,1865,1886]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">melhaniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B16CFFF5F1CFF8F58DD1CBFC" blockId="127.[151,1436,1836,1945]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
<keyLead id="30F5F173B16CFFF5F1CFF8F58DD1CBFC" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
|
||
– Anterior apophyses only slightly shorter than posterior apophyses; a strongly sclerotized ring present on median part of sterigmatic extension (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B16CFFF5F0DDF8178990CBFC" box="[389,474,1924,1945]" captionStart="FIGURES 336–337" captionStartId="263.[151,264,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[172,1402,183,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-58@263.[151,1436,179,1616]" captionTargetPageId="263" captionText="FIGURES 336–337. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 336, Phyllonorycter melhaniae, paratype, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. Vári 7496, in TMSA. 337, Phyllonorycter rongensis, holotype, genitalia prep. MRAC/ KMMA 00383, in RMCA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052451/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Fig. 337</figureCitation>
|
||
)..................................................................... 46.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B16CFFF5F467F8178DD1CBFC" ID-CoL="8VM54" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[1343,1435,1924,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rongensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9708E54B16CFFF5F467F8178DD1CBFC" box="[1343,1435,1924,1945]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">rongensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |