treatments-xml/data/03/AD/E3/03ADE350B161FFF9F1CFFF048AFBCD6E.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

401 lines
46 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="D51CC82BFC58CB4B429E738C0E272817" ID-CLB-Dataset="20704" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3594.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79af20a5-77f9-4240-ac45-e27fab775ca1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6052126" ID-ZooBank="B00799F3-F397-438C-B1E1-A8440E636921" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629833722791" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Prins, Jurate De &amp; Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2012" docId="03ADE350B161FFF9F1CFFF048AFBCD6E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03594p283.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3594 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3594.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Phyllonorycter loxozona Meyrick 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="116" masterDocId="FF949B28B113FF8AF158FF93884ACC65" masterDocTitle="Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="283" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="115" updateTime="1699143153601" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="0037F9A832871DF043CEEAD1C04DD981" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D7A8FA1D6EDC118F4F54CE2D3A986FD3">
<mods:title id="FCCE7F86AAA95FBB6BF794049D6CC6BF">Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="06EBE769BFA11B2F050AFE9554360E9E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4A58C9E80EAB419659ADFF50E8115DEC">
<mods:roleTerm id="48CC9B154FCE34644D498A7082AD8530">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FB8332235DC96A1660F1402BB4B7A81D">Prins, Jurate De</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6806B882243CBE9848FD4BA6FA205DEB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7FAB0123186C11F8D598FA0C8C20A714">
<mods:roleTerm id="810C4E68CE15F4A75026B6618DD3DADE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F2031B794AC9F8E102A9490685B7CB7C">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CFF39415B3C8E11A599273F96383C39C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C36E0406D3654B61F3AD4748070CACA8" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="FB7FADCEBC4FAA35FF05D3495A41A121">
<mods:title id="D414264C8262533B74F73082955F6ACF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9274894E99CB2CBD22D92F6131F1F0AF">
<mods:date id="51A19966EEA80AF7EFDC6426664364D8">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B013237330711E8B7C15AD9FC05116BE" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EF41CCA51DD6EDAC07DFC79A9C572A9E">2012-12-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FCCBC808D6CF31D78DEEF42EC09B1ADF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4C4CCEC65C189C191DD449425D0BD4C2">3594</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="80201CB56C60F256CFC8B9E70ABB75B2" type="issue">
<mods:number id="9EA420DDE0C32FFB1DF585772C7F2AFB">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F8C40813837955110AA150923F1079D4" unit="page">
<mods:start id="F5CD45D41CC756AA3DEBCE5A3C7841EA">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="AFE9C5E81B88340530F88A9533CE20DD">283</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="ABB27F9ACFFE8BFC8FCB17939B627974">
<mods:url id="FCBEB97AA8A72E8536219CFDB0EE4556">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3594.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="D8216AEE42470E658F0986ED706D04A3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="ED2CCF18657EA75EAA14DEF147AC92BC" type="CLB-Dataset">20704</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DC006AD33D7365650C5AAADBB1B56403" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3594.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C8B87DBC2C86D9C61EA8878552A4B47F" type="GBIF-Dataset">79af20a5-77f9-4240-ac45-e27fab775ca1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="592C14A4A50F93301D9297DE018D7B8B" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="62A8B9CD55913E099B4ACAF56B7F8D12" type="Zenodo-Dep">6052126</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2C140DD0C8F74AA0F66C6DD19FCD2D03" type="ZooBank">B00799F3-F397-438C-B1E1-A8440E636921</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03ADE350B161FFF9F1CFFF048AFBCD6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5259462" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193331827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259462" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ADE350B161FFF9F1CFFF048AFBCD6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ADE350B161FFF9F1CFFF048AFBCD6E" lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB161FFF8F1CFFF0489C7CCD4" box="[151,397,151,177]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F1CFFF0489C7CCD4" blockId="114.[151,397,151,177]" box="[151,397,151,177]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<heading id="D0F3E52AB161FFF8F1CFFF0489C7CCD4" bold="true" box="[151,397,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1CFFF0489C7CCD4" bold="true" box="[151,397,151,177]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F197FF048976CCD4" ID-CoL="4H8BC" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1936" box="[207,316,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F197FF048976CCD4" bold="true" box="[207,316,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB161FFF8F1CFFF4D8AE1C987" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F1CFFF4D89BFCD5B" blockId="114.[151,1440,222,1506]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
The forewing pattern in the
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F0A6FF4D8A29CC93" box="[510,611,222,246]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F0A6FF4D8A29CC93" box="[510,611,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group resembles very closely that of the majority of Afrotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F1CFFE9089D7CD7F" box="[151,413,258,283]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1CFFE908975CD7E" box="[151,319,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
Larvae of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F365FE908AE8CD7E" box="[573,674,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F365FE908AE8CD7E" box="[573,674,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group feed on
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F211FE908BA3CD7F" box="[841,1001,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F211FE908BFECD7E" box="[841,948,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Dombeya</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F2AEFE918C32CD7F" box="[1014,1144,258,282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
]. Developed mines appear to resemble gall-like swellings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F19FFED98BEDCE8B" blockId="114.[151,1440,222,1506]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F1A3FED8892ACD06" box="[251,352,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1A3FED8892ACD06" box="[251,352,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group consists of three species:
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F38CFED88BBDCD07" authority="(Vari, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[724,1015,330,355]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F38CFED88B2ACD06" box="[724,864,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. didymopa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B161FFF8F228FED98BA4CD07" author="Vari" box="[880,1006,330,354]" firstAuthor="Vari" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F55CFED88D03CD07" authority="(Meyrick, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1028,1353,330,355]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F55CFED88CCCCD06" box="[1028,1158,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. loxozona</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B161FFF8F5CDFED98D0BCD07" author="Meyrick" box="[1173,1345,330,354]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref197972" refString="Meyrick, E. (1936) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 5 (1 - 2), 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1936">Meyrick, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F4DFFED88A4ECDE3" authority="(Viette, 1949)" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F4DFFED8892BCDE3" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B161FFF8F028FEFD89B6CDE3" author="Viette" box="[368,508,366,390]" firstAuthor="Viette" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="171 - 176" refId="ref201646" refString="Viette, P. (1949) Description de trois Microlepidopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser. A, 3 (2), 171 - 176." type="journal article" year="1949">Viette, 1949</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F34BFEFD8BC6CDE3" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[531,908,366,390]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F34BFEFD8BC6CDE3" box="[531,908,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Phyllonorycter madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from a single specimen without abdomen by
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B161FFF8F071FE01898ACDCF" author="Viette" box="[297,448,402,426]" firstAuthor="Viette" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="171 - 176" refId="ref201646" refString="Viette, P. (1949) Description de trois Microlepidopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Ser. A, 3 (2), 171 - 176." type="journal article" year="1949">Viette (1949)</bibRefCitation>
. We made all possible efforts to find the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F54FFE008CB4CDCE" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1047,1278,403,427]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F54FFE008CB4CDCE" box="[1047,1278,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F462FE008DD6CDCE" box="[1338,1436,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Remarks</emphasis>
below). A neotype designation is very much anticipated. We believe that with the kind help of the lepidopterists community it will be possible in the near future to obtain a neotype of this species reared from
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F5EBFE488DD6CD96" box="[1203,1436,475,499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F5EBFE488DD6CD96" box="[1203,1436,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Dombeya spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which grows in the Botanical Garden of Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo, Madagascar (type locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F4DFFE6C892BCE5E" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F4DFFE6C892BCE5E" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Based on the original description, the forewing pattern of
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F553FDB08CB8CE5E" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1035,1266,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F553FDB08CB8CE5E" box="[1035,1266,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F1EDFDD48974CE3B" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[181,318,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1EDFDD48974CE3B" box="[181,318,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. didymopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All three species make a long, semi-transparent gallery during the development of early instars and feed on
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F1ADFDF8892ACEE6" box="[245,352,619,643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1ADFDF8892ACEE6" box="[245,352,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Dombeya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. [
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F0FBFDF98A68CEE7" box="[419,546,618,642]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
] (
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F363FDF88A8DCEE6" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[571,711,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F363FDF88A8DCEE6" box="[571,711,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. didymopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds on
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F261FDF88C3ECEE6" box="[825,1140,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F261FDF88BAFCEE6" box="[825,997,619,643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">D. rotundifolia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F2AAFDF88C3ECEE6" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1010,1140,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">P. loxozona</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F5FAFDF88D0CCEE7" box="[1186,1350,619,642]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emarginata">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F5FAFDF88D0CCEE7" box="[1186,1350,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">D. emarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F4D9FDF88956CEC3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F4D9FDF88956CEC3" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">D. rotundifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F02FFD1C8A26CEC3" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[375,620,654,678]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F02FFD1C8A26CEC3" box="[375,620,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds on
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F25DFD1C8BE5CEC3" box="[773,943,654,678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F25DFD1C8B53CEC3" box="[773,793,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F26FFD1D8BE5CEC3" box="[823,943,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). We, therefore, tentively included
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F4DFFD1C892BCEAE" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F4DFFD1C892BCEAE" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into this informal species group. Unfortunately, the unavailability of genitalia prevent a proper diagnosis between
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F034FD448A1BCE8B" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[364,593,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F034FD448A1BCE8B" box="[364,593,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F307FD448AAACE8B" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[607,736,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F307FD448AAACE8B" box="[607,736,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F24EFD448BEACE8B" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[790,928,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F24EFD448BEACE8B" box="[790,928,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. didymopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F19FFD698C74CF1B" blockId="114.[151,1440,222,1506]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
Male genitalia are known only for
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F311FD688A83CF76" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[585,713,763,787]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F311FD688A83CF76" box="[585,713,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They show a few, rather particular set of features characterizing this species: tegumen rather short, tuba analis long, protruding ca. 1/2 length of tegumen, long sinuate narrow valva covered with dense setation on cucullus (similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F383FCD08B1CCF3E" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="1902" box="[731,854,835,859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F383FCD08B1CCF3E" box="[731,854,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Cameraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), crescent-shaped vinculum with very short saccus, sternum VIII truncate, strongly tapering caudally with blunt weakly bidentate apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F19FFC198B27C857" blockId="114.[151,1440,222,1506]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
Female genitalia of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F08DFC188A70CFC6" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[469,570,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F08DFC188A70CFC6" box="[469,570,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, like those of
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F272FC188BE6CFC6" box="[810,940,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F272FC188BE2CFC6" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="1902" box="[810,936,907,931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cameraria</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
are characterized by the location of ostium bursae opening at posterior margin of segment VII. Antrum in the
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F2CCFC3D8BB3CFA3" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[916,1017,942,966]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F2CCFC3D8BB3CFA3" box="[916,1017,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is broad and sclerotized, with strongly sclerotized ring encircling the opening of ostium bursae. Ductus bursae in the
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F5CDFC408CB0CF8E" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1173,1274,979,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F5CDFC408CB0CF8E" box="[1173,1274,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group like in
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F1CFFC658958C86B" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,274,1014,1038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1CFFC658958C86B" box="[151,274,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Cameraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F012FC65898CC86B" authorityName="Prins &amp; Kawahara" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[330,454,1014,1038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hexalobina">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F012FC65898CC86B" box="[330,454,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">hexalobina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F37CFC658A3FC86B" authorityName="De Prins" authorityYear="2012" box="[548,629,1014,1038]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="landryi">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F37CFC658A3FC86B" box="[548,629,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">landryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups) might be crossed by a small plate situated anteriad antrum (in
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F4DFFC6488B6C856" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F4DFFC6488B6C856" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Corpus bursae of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F35BFB888A22C856" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[515,616,1051,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F35BFB888A22C856" box="[515,616,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group without signum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F19FFBAD8AE1C987" blockId="114.[151,1440,222,1506]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F19FFBAD8961C833" box="[199,299,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B161FFF8F066FBAD8A43C833" author="Vari" box="[318,521,1086,1110]" firstAuthor="Vari" page="222" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="ref201509" refString="Vari, L. (1961) South African Lepidoptera. Vol. I. Lithocolletidae. Transvaal Museum Memoir, 12, 238 pp. 112 pls." type="book" year="1961">Vári (1961: 222)</bibRefCitation>
wrote the following: “It is an interesting peculiarity to find a gall-forming species in
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F041FBF089E2C81E" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[281,424,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F041FBF089E2C81E" box="[281,424,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Lithocolletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as most species make tentiform mines and no special growth of the leaf tissue is induced. A further interesting matter is the presence of the long, semi-transparent gallery, made during the early stages, whereas all other species are sapfeeding during this period, and no semi-transparent galleries are made”. This would indicate that the early instars of this group might possess a slightly different metamorphic development of mouthparts from the rest of
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F3F7FB608B10C96E" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[687,858,1267,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F3F7FB608B10C96E" box="[687,858,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male and female genitalia of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F46CFB608DD1C96E" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1332,1435,1267,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F46CFB608DD1C96E" box="[1332,1435,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group resemble these of
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F0F7FA858A66C94B" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="1902" box="[431,556,1302,1326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cameraria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F0F7FA858A66C94B" box="[431,556,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Cameraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However such characters, as general pattern of forewing, absence of clearly notable setae on apex of tegumen, strongly developed complete transtilla, put these species close to
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F1CFFACD890BC913" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,321,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1CFFACD890BC913" box="[151,321,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Probably, the
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F0ABFACD8A10C913" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[499,602,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F0ABFACD8A10C913" box="[499,602,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species might require a designation of a new genus. However, it seems preferable at the moment to follow a more conservative approach leaving this species group in
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F1CFFA358908C9DB" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,322,1446,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1CFFA358908C9DB" box="[151,322,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Phyllonorycter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as initially proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF952FB7B161FFF8F327FA358B23C9DB" author="Meyrick" box="[639,873,1446,1470]" firstAuthor="Meyrick" page="33" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref197972" refString="Meyrick, E. (1936) Exotic Microlepidoptera, Marlborough, 5 (1 - 2), 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1936">Meyrick (1936: 33)</bibRefCitation>
until detailed larval and pupal morphology is studied and molecular characters are obtained.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB161FFF8F1CFF9A58CC4CA35" box="[151,1166,1590,1616]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F1CFF9A58CC4CA35" blockId="114.[151,1166,1590,1616]" box="[151,1166,1590,1616]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<heading id="D0F3E52AB161FFF8F1CFF9A58CC4CA35" bold="true" box="[151,1166,1590,1616]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1CFF9A58CC4CA35" bold="true" box="[151,1166,1590,1616]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F0C4F9A58A43CA35" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[412,521,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F0C4F9A58A43CA35" bold="true" box="[412,521,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group based on external characters and host plants
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB161FFF8F1CFF9EE8DD1CB40" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="key">
<keyStep id="30F04AE3B161FFF8F1CFF9EE8DD6CA8F" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F1CFF9EE8DD6CACA" blockId="114.[151,1436,1661,1829]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30F5F173B161FFF8F1CFF9EE8DD6CACA" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
1. Second fascia at 1/2 of forewing slightly oblique towards apex, broader at dorsum and slightly tapering towards costa, blunt at costa (
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B161FFF8F047F90989FACACA" box="[287,432,1690,1711]" captionStart="FIGURES 8186" captionStartId="201.[151,264,1820,1843]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-137@201.[226,1361,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="201" captionText="FIGURES 8186. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 81, Phyllonorycter didymopa, holotype 6494♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.i.1955, in TMSA. 82, Phyllonorycter didymopa, ♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.xi.2004, leg. J. &amp; W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003287. 83, Phyllonorycter loxozona, holotype ♀, Uganda, Busunju, 02.x.1935, leg. H.C. Taylor, in BMNH. 84, Phyllonorycter loxozona, ♀, South Africa, Rustenburg, 1017.xi.1976, leg. Potgieter &amp; Molekane, in TMSA. 85, Phyllonorycter madagascariensis, holotype, Antananarivo, leg. R. Paulian. The drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the original description and the drawing of Viette (1949: 175176, fig. 5). 86, Phyllonorycter aarviki, holotype ♀, Tanzania, Morogoro, 25.iii.1992, leg. L. Aarvik, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004128." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052185/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Figs 81, 82, 85</figureCitation>
).................................................................................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F1CFF9248DD6CA8F" blockId="114.[151,1436,1661,1829]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30F5F173B161FFF8F1CFF9248DD6CA8F" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
Second fascia at 1/2 of forewing straight transverse, swelled at dorsal sector and bluntly tapering at costa; larvae feed on
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F1B9F94689FACA8F" ID-CoL="6DD9Q" box="[225,432,1749,1770]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="emarginata">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1B9F94689FACA8F" box="[225,432,1749,1770]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Dombeya emarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F087F9468A24CA8F" ID-CoL="3792J" box="[479,622,1749,1770]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F087F9468A24CA8F" box="[479,622,1749,1770]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">D. rotundifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. [
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F327F9468AA6CA8F" ID-CoL="CDB" box="[639,748,1749,1770]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
] (
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B161FFF8F3A6F9468B26CA8F" box="[766,876,1749,1770]" captionStart="FIGURES 8186" captionStartId="201.[151,264,1820,1843]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-137@201.[226,1361,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="201" captionText="FIGURES 8186. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 81, Phyllonorycter didymopa, holotype 6494♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.i.1955, in TMSA. 82, Phyllonorycter didymopa, ♀, South Africa, Tswaing, 16.xi.2004, leg. J. &amp; W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003287. 83, Phyllonorycter loxozona, holotype ♀, Uganda, Busunju, 02.x.1935, leg. H.C. Taylor, in BMNH. 84, Phyllonorycter loxozona, ♀, South Africa, Rustenburg, 1017.xi.1976, leg. Potgieter &amp; Molekane, in TMSA. 85, Phyllonorycter madagascariensis, holotype, Antananarivo, leg. R. Paulian. The drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the original description and the drawing of Viette (1949: 175176, fig. 5). 86, Phyllonorycter aarviki, holotype ♀, Tanzania, Morogoro, 25.iii.1992, leg. L. Aarvik, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004128." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052185/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Figs 83, 84</figureCitation>
)....................................40.
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F41DF9468DD6CA8F" ID-CoL="4H8BC" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1349,1436,1749,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F41DF9468DD6CA8F" box="[1349,1436,1749,1770]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30F04AE3B161FFF8F1CFF9618DD1CB40" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F1CFF9618DD6CB62" blockId="114.[151,1436,1661,1829]" box="[151,1436,1778,1799]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30F5F173B161FFF8F1CFF9618DD6CB62" box="[151,1436,1778,1799]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
2. Larvae feed on
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F02EF9618A4CCB62" ID-CoL="3792J" box="[374,518,1778,1799]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F02EF9618A4CCB62" box="[374,518,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">D. rotundifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F349F9618A34CB62" ID-CoL="CDB" box="[529,638,1778,1799]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
]....................................................... 39.
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F465F9618DD6CB62" ID-CoL="4H86M" baseAuthorityName="Vari" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1341,1436,1778,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymopa">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F465F9618DD6CB62" box="[1341,1436,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">didymopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F1CFF89C8DD1CB40" blockId="114.[151,1436,1661,1829]" box="[151,1435,1807,1829]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30F5F173B161FFF8F1CFF89C8DD1CB40" box="[151,1435,1807,1829]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
Larvae feed on
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F02EF88389B0CB40" ID-CoL="37939" box="[374,506,1808,1829]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F02EF88389B0CB40" box="[374,506,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">D. spectabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F35EF89C8A39CB41" ID-CoL="CDB" box="[518,627,1807,1828]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
]................................................. 41.
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F5B6F8838DD1CB40" ID-CoL="4H8BM" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1262,1435,1808,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F5B6F8838DD1CB40" box="[1262,1435,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
<subSection id="E28B4BADB161FFF9F1CFF8E68AFBCD6E" lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="key">
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB161FFF8F1CFF8E68B61CBEA" box="[151,811,1909,1935]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F1CFF8E68B61CBEA" blockId="114.[151,811,1909,1935]" box="[151,811,1909,1935]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<heading id="D0F3E52AB161FFF8F1CFF8E68B61CBEA" bold="true" box="[151,811,1909,1935]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F1CFF8E68B61CBEA" bold="true" box="[151,811,1909,1935]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
Key to females of
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B161FFF8F02EF8E689A9CBEA" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[374,483,1909,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B161FFF8F02EF8E689A9CBEA" bold="true" box="[374,483,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group based on genitalia*
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB161FFF9F1CFF82F8DD6CCAF" lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="key">
<key id="FF950577B161FFF9F1CFF82F8DD6CCAF" lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<keyStep id="30F04AE3B161FFF9F1CFF82F8DD6CCAF" lastPageId="115" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B161FFF8F1CFF82F8DD6CB8B" blockId="114.[151,1436,1980,2030]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
<keyLead id="30F5F173B161FFF8F1CFF82F8DD6CB8B" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">1. Anterior apophyses only slightly shorter than posterior apophyses; margin of ostium bursae not sclerotized (Fig. 331)................................................................................................. 39. didymopa</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F1CFFF048DD6CCAF" blockId="115.[151,1436,151,202]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
<keyLead id="30F5F173B160FFF9F1CFFF048DD6CCAF" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
Anterior apophyses more than 2× shorter than posterior apophyses; margin of ostium bursae heavily sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="133F4EC3B160FFF9F444FF048D24CCC9" box="[1308,1390,151,172]" captionStart="FIGURES 332333" captionStartId="261.[151,263,1681,1704]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,196,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-56@261.[151,1436,193,1661]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURES 332333. Female genitalia. Scale bar 200 µm. 332, Phyllonorycter loxozona, holotype, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. 6110, in BMNH. 333, Phyllonorycter aarviki, holotype, genitalia prep. MRAC/KMMA 00370, in RMCA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6052443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6052443/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Fig. 332</figureCitation>
)..............................................................................................40.
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F41DFF268DD6CCAF" ID-CoL="4H8BC" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1349,1436,181,202]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxozona">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F41DFF268DD6CCAF" box="[1349,1436,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">loxozona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E01CDB160FFF9F1CFFF658AFBCD6E" box="[151,689,246,267]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BBB5246B160FFF9F1CFFF658AFBCD6E" blockId="115.[151,689,246,267]" box="[151,689,246,267]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
* female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C0429C5B160FFF9F03BFF658A6DCD6E" baseAuthorityName="Viette" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[355,551,246,267]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B9708E54B160FFF9F03BFF658A6DCD6E" box="[355,551,246,267]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>