632 lines
69 KiB
XML
632 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="69585730A27D505123D022F871E350D4" ID-CLB-Dataset="38930" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4e408c4-2575-4b5c-878b-e1b9010ec619" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264597" ID-ZooBank="CFA586DA-10EE-468B-80EE-35351E3845FD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1465242077321" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="C, Lees David" docDate="2016" docId="038747324C50C67F1EB72C0FFB4522CC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4118.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4118 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Heteropsis pauliani Lees, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFBE3F4A4C76C6571E202D2DFFD32174" masterDocTitle="Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698662715872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2F199E89E0361242CBB2D8593FB7DB9E">Heteropsis (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini: Mycalesina): 19 new species from Madagascar and interim revision</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C152BD06AC7595A117EEF44548603677" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F78588D4E09F6F3455A116E1ABA76D43">C, Lees David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C74C55A14D5D88A8D3425D8B2AE87548">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="50B3E74F98CA7FA157E2941FA8E361F1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="09C2E8C7B1D8DF6600B960143DE5DE59">
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<mods:date id="E77B8A29B7D0A4AABD86D80F24D1D31C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="351071542BD62FA52354169BC7DEF891" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F4AA69C50B7D9D123509E14AB12CDAB5">4118</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="48472A14ABB0E5D4F45CB395E550B2A3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A1BF0ACDDA54DD60D2852D6ACFAE001D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4118.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038747324C50C67F1EB72C0FFB4522CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6086426" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120817123" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6086426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038747324C50C67F1EB72C0FFB4522CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038747324C50C67F1EB72C0FFB4522CC" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C50C6711EB72C0FFBC4202A" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6711EB72C0FFDE32049" blockId="38.[151,1047,290,350]" box="[151,560,290,317]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="D0D941484C50C6711EB72C0FFDE32049" bold="true" box="[151,560,290,317]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EB72C0FFDE32049" bold="true" box="[151,560,290,317]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C50C6711EB72C0FFE152049" authority="Lees" authorityName="Lees" box="[151,454,290,317]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EB72C0FFE572048" bold="true" box="[151,388,290,316]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Heteropsis pauliani</emphasis>
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Lees
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C50C6711FF32C0EFDE32049" box="[467,560,291,317]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6711EB72C6BFBC4202A" blockId="38.[151,1047,290,350]" box="[151,1047,325,350]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:422E5526-8FBB-4AD6-A47D-EC95FF54E16F</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C50C6711EB72CA7FC5020D7" box="[151,899,394,419]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6711EB72CA7FC5020D7" blockId="38.[151,1437,394,2031]" box="[151,899,394,419]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EB72CA7FE8420D7" bold="true" box="[151,343,394,419]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Prior references</emphasis>
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: sp. 37 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C50C6711F982CA6FDEB20D7" author="Lees" box="[440,568,395,419]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C50C6711C4E2CA6FCED20D7" author="Torres" box="[622,830,394,419]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refString="Torres, E., Lees, D. C., Vane-Wright, R. I., Kremen, C., Leonard, J. A. & Wayne, R. K. (2001) Examining monophyly in a large radiation of Madagascan butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Mycalesina) based on mitochondrial DNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20, 460 - 473. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.0984" type="journal article" year="2001">
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Torres
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<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711C9C2CA1FD2820D7" box="[700,763,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
2001
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 462).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C50C6711EE72C83FBE52387" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6711EE72C83FD8C234D" blockId="38.[151,1437,394,2031]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EE72C83FD3920B3" bold="true" box="[199,746,430,455]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C50C6711EE72C83FED120B3" box="[199,258,430,455]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
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material., Deposition
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<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C50C6711C312C83FDBD20B3" box="[529,622,430,455]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
:
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<typeStatus id="549548864C50C6711C5D2C83FD3920B3" box="[637,746,430,455]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: ♂ (
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<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C50C6711D022C83FCA520B3" box="[802,886,430,455]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[272,1316,212,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[258,1329,193,1715]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 10. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis westwoodi Lees, sp. nov. (Vohitrasiva, Andringitra; NHMUK 010289130). B: referred ♀ of Ht. westwoodi (Andohahela, Antananandava, Andohahela; BMNH (E) # 674842). C: HT ♂ of Ht. pauliani Lees, sp. nov. (Tsaratanana; DCL-DB- 2966; MNHN). D: PT ♀ of Ht. pauliani (Tsaratanana; DCL-DB- 2975; MNHN). Scale bar: 30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264607/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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C,
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<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C50C6711DB82C82FC2120B3" box="[920,1010,431,455]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
),
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||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C50C6711A272C83FB5D20B3" box="[1031,1166,430,455]" name="Madagascar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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||
Nord [NW], massif du Tsaratanana, en dessous de l’Andohanisambirano [position estimated at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711DE62CFBFBCE209A" box="[966,1053,466,494]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="555" value="-14.14">14.14o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711A0B2CFBFB502099" box="[1067,1155,466,494]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="555" value="48.97">48.97o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
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||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711A932CFBFB23209A" box="[1203,1264,469,494]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711ADC2CF8FA852099" box="[1276,1366,469,494]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2050.0">2050 m</quantity>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C50C6711B4A2CF8FF272361" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1966-11-05" valueMax="1966-11-08" valueMin="1966-11-05">5–8/ 11/1966</date>
|
||
, 2050 m|mission du Tsaratanana
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C50C6711C912CD1FCDC2361" box="[689,783,508,533]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1966-11">XI-1966</date>
|
||
Camp n o
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D283DAD4C50C6711D892CD0FC322360" box="[937,993,509,533]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="generic">1 P.</specimenCount>
|
||
Griveaud, P. Soga, P. Viette, D. Wintrebert|
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C50C6711F372F0DFE7C234D" box="[279,431,544,569]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
| DCL-DB-2966.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6711EE72F69FBE52387" blockId="38.[151,1437,394,2031]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C50C6711EE72F69FEEC2329" box="[199,319,580,605]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EE72F69FEEC2329" bold="true" box="[199,319,580,605]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711F762F69FC152329" bold="true" box="[342,966,580,605]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Deposition
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C50C6711FC52F69FDEF2329" box="[485,572,580,605]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">BMNH</collectionCode>
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||
(accession
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||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C50C6711CF32F69FCFD2329" box="[723,814,580,605]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E)
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||
<date id="FF90D0E44C50C6711D7F2F69FC6E2329" box="[863,957,580,605]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2008" valueMax="2069">2008-69</date>
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||
)
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||
</emphasis>
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: ♂,
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<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C50C6711A282F69FB5C2329" box="[1032,1167,580,605]" name="Madagascar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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||
NW, Ampitsinjobana, Tsaratanana, below Andohanisambirano,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711C462F46FD0A23F7" box="[614,729,615,643]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="-14.1478">14.1478o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711CC52F46FC8A23F7" box="[741,857,615,644]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="48.9679">48.9679o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711DA82F46FC3523F0" box="[904,998,619,644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="0.15">0.15 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711DD12F46FB4123F7" box="[1009,1170,619,644]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.32" metricValueMax="2.3449999999999998" metricValueMin="2.295" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2320.0" valueMax="2345.0" valueMin="2295.0">2320 +/- 25 m</quantity>
|
||
,
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||
<date id="FF90D0E44C50C6711ABE2F46FAF323F7" box="[1182,1312,619,643]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2004-12-23">23/12/2004</date>
|
||
, D.C. Lees et al.: DL-05-804,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C50C6711F462FA2FE6E23D3" box="[358,445,655,679]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E) #671691 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C50C6711C732FBDFD4023DC" box="[595,659,656,680]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
voucher; cytochrome b], KA507 [=KA-P507;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C50C6711ABB2FBDFB0B23DC" box="[1179,1240,656,680]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
extract voucher]; ♀, NW, Tsaratanana, Matsoborimaiky, in middle of dry lake,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711D712F98FC1723BA" box="[849,964,690,718]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="-14.1526">14.1526o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711DF22F98FB9623BA" box="[978,1093,690,718]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="48.9578">48.9578o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711A572F98FB3623BA" box="[1143,1253,693,718]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="0.015">0.015 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711AD12F98FA4B23BA" box="[1265,1432,693,718]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.035" metricValueMax="2.06" metricValueMin="2.01" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2035.0" valueMax="2060.0" valueMin="2010.0">2035 +/- 25 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C50C6711EB72FF7FECA2386" box="[151,281,730,754]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2004-12-23">23/12/2004</date>
|
||
, Alain: DL-05-818,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C50C6711FDD2FF7FD872386" box="[509,596,730,754]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E) #671694 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C50C6711CCB2FF7FCF82386" box="[747,811,730,754]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
extract, cytochrome b];
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C50C6711EE72E2DFAD5251C" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6711EE72E2DFF3722A2" blockId="38.[151,1437,394,2031]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EE72E2DFE79226D" bold="true" box="[199,426,768,793]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Deposition MNHN</emphasis>
|
||
: ♀ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C50C6711FC52E2DFDE9226D" box="[485,570,768,793]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[272,1316,212,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[258,1329,193,1715]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 10. Adults in DV (left), VV (right). A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis westwoodi Lees, sp. nov. (Vohitrasiva, Andringitra; NHMUK 010289130). B: referred ♀ of Ht. westwoodi (Andohahela, Antananandava, Andohahela; BMNH (E) # 674842). C: HT ♂ of Ht. pauliani Lees, sp. nov. (Tsaratanana; DCL-DB- 2966; MNHN). D: PT ♀ of Ht. pauliani (Tsaratanana; DCL-DB- 2975; MNHN). Scale bar: 30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264607/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D), [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C50C6711C4F2E2DFD2A226D" box="[623,761,768,793]" name="Madagascar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
NW], Mt. Tsaratanana,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711A392E2CFBA6226C" box="[1049,1141,769,793]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
. [estimated at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711B032E2DFA45226D" box="[1315,1430,765,793]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="-13.9755">13.9755o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711EB72E05FED9224B" box="[151,266,804,832]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="48.8381">48.8381o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711F122E05FE722234" box="[306,417,807,832]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.288" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="12.88">12.88 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711F8D2E05FDD4224B" box="[429,519,808,832]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C50C6711C3B2E0AFDA22234" box="[539,625,807,832]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1951-02">II/1951</date>
|
||
; R. Paulian, DCL-DB-2975; ♂, M’car. Nord [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C50C6711A592E0AFAD72234" box="[1145,1284,807,832]" name="Madagascar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
NW], massif du Tsaratanana Matsabory - en dessous de l’Andohasambirano [Andohanisambirano, position estimated at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711B1F2E62FA452213" box="[1343,1430,843,871]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="555" value="-14.14">14.14o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711EB72E5BFF3D22F9" box="[151,238,882,910]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="555" value="48.97">48.97o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711F162E5BFEAD22FA" box="[310,382,885,910]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711FB52E58FE2922F9" box="[405,506,885,910]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2050.0">2050 m</quantity>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C50C6711C3A2E58FD7522FA" box="[538,678,885,910]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1966-11-05" valueMax="1966-11-08" valueMin="1966-11-05">5–8/11/1966</date>
|
||
[P. Griveaud, P. Soga, P. Viette, D. Wintrebert]| INSTITUT SCIENTIFIQUE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C50C6711F402EB4FDFE22C6" box="[352,557,921,946]" name="Madagascar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
|
||
| DCL-DB-2967; 8 ♂♂, same data as above but: DCL-DB-02968-DCL-DB- 02975;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6711EE72ECCFEB02531" blockId="38.[151,1437,394,2031]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EE72ECCFE73228E" bold="true" box="[199,416,993,1018]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Deposition PBZT</emphasis>
|
||
: ♂,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C50C6711FC62ECCFDBE228E" box="[486,621,993,1018]" name="Madagascar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
NW, matsabory (lake) in Antsaralasy, S14°11'51,8'', E49°04'06,6'' [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711EBD2925FEC72554" box="[157,276,1028,1056]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="-14.1977">14.1977o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711F02292AFE49256B" box="[290,410,1028,1056]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="5" value="49.0685">49.0685o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711F8F292AFDDA256B" box="[431,521,1031,1056]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.153" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2153.0">2153 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C50C6711C362925FD582554" box="[534,651,1032,1056]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2013-10-07">7/10/2013</date>
|
||
. Ravo Ranaivosolo: MTSBR, BMAD234-15 [DNA barcode], IA291 [isotope voucher].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6711EE72962FAD5251C" blockId="38.[151,1437,394,2031]" box="[199,1286,1103,1128]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EE72962FE6D251C" bold="true" box="[199,446,1103,1128]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Deposition summary</emphasis>
|
||
: MNHN (HT ♂, 9 PT ♂♂, PT ♀); BMNH (PT ♂, PT ♀); PBZT (1 PT ♂).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C50C6711EE72959FD6825C6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6711EE72959FD6825C6" blockId="38.[151,1437,394,2031]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EE72959FEBE25F9" bold="true" box="[199,365,1140,1165]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C50C6711EE72959FED125F9" box="[199,258,1140,1165]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C50C6711F5B2959FDD125F9" box="[379,514,1140,1165]" name="Madagascar" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
Nord, massif du Tsaratanana, en dessous de l’Andohanisambirano [position estimated at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711F0429B6FEAF25C7" box="[292,380,1175,1203]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="555" value="-14.14">14.14o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C50C6711FA929B6FE3325C6" box="[393,480,1175,1203]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="555" value="48.97">48.97o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711C2F29B6FD9825C7" box="[527,587,1178,1203]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C50C6711C7629B7FD6325C6" box="[598,688,1178,1203]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="2050.0">2050 m</quantity>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C50C6711EE72993FB20246B" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6711EE72993FB20246B" blockId="38.[151,1437,394,2031]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EE72993FE9225A3" bold="true" box="[199,321,1214,1239]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
No really similar species even in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C50C6711D3929EDFC7625A3" box="[793,933,1214,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711D3929EDFC7625A3" box="[793,933,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ht. drepana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. This species is very distinctive in possessing tails on the HW margin, giving it a superficial resemblance at least dorsally to a species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C50C6711B5929C9FF28246B" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mycalesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antahala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711B5929C9FF28246B" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ht. antahala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. The long tails distinguish it also from the perhaps quite closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C50C6711A4B2825FB3F246B" box="[1131,1260,1288,1311]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711A4B2825FB3F246B" box="[1131,1260,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ht. imerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C50C6701EE72807FA4F2384" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C50C6701EE72807FCC9218C" blockId="38.[151,1437,394,2031]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C50C6711EE72807FE7D2437" bold="true" box="[199,430,1322,1347]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description. Wings</emphasis>
|
||
: upperside fairly uniform dark brown (noticeably faded in the HT), grading to smoky brown, especially towards costa. FWD space-CuA1 ocellus spanning veins CuA1-CuA2, with approximately concentric, reddish (faded in the HT) Orng. M1 ocellus very small, not obvious. In HWD, space-CuA1 ocellus small and with reddish ring, slightly elliptic. Basal area of HWD covered in long dark appressed hairscales, unlikely to be androconial., Dark brown Sml of HWD highlighted with ochreous scales on either flank, the proximad band being considerably wider. HW margin pointedly crenate with acutely pointed dark brown tails (faded in the HT) at veins M3 (longest in the HT) and CuA1 and with lesser tails at veins CuA2 and 1A+2A (where tail quite rounded). FWV dark brown with space-CuA1 ocellus again spanning veins CuA1-CuA2 and with more or less concentric (in the HT) Orng of intermingled mosaic of reddish and ochreous-yellow scales, extended proximad where following concave dark brown trace of Mb which borders generally darker scaling proximad. FWV M1 ocellus as distinct white spot (in the HT), lacking a distinct black border and red Orng. HWV very elegantly patterned. Space-CuA1 ocellus a bit smaller than that in FWV and with quite wide dark red Orng. Lacking a distinct PMb, basal area of HWV irrorated dark violet-lilac-brown (faded in the HT) and glossy light brown to ochreous (towards anal area). Mb forming sharp edge to the basal area, dark brown and irregular, concave-inflexed towards base of space-M3 and CuA1 (maximally concave between the corresponding veins) and then with a fairly straight line towards anal angle, then slightly bent back towards 1A+2A straight also above its distad cusp at vein M3 to 60% along costa. Distad of the HWV Mb, mid brown from above vein Rs to M2 and deep cream scales pervading rest of distal area, especially proximad of ocellus space-CuA1. A narrow dark brown Sml is highlighted more in cream proximad than it is on the distad flank, forming in effect an irregular wide cream band that terminates costad at vein M2. Slightly above, below and marginad of space-CuA1 ocellus, the scales are a relatively uniform greyish to violet grey. In the HT, ocelli of space-Rs and M1, and less distinctly so M2 and M3, are expressed as small white points. Fringes dark brown, thicker towards tails.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701A092D91FB4421A1" bold="true" box="[1065,1175,188,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
. Sexes similar but the only known ♀ larger and generally lighter in colouration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C51C6701EE72C29FD892034" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EE72C29FEBF2069" bold="true" box="[199,364,260,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Wingspan/fwl</emphasis>
|
||
: range 33.2–38.6/18.7–21 (n=3 ♂♂), mean = 39.1 +/- 1.8 SD (n=8 ♂♂), including HT ♂ 33.2/
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C51C6701EB72C05FF2D204B" box="[151,254,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8699999999999999" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="18.7">18.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. PT ♀ about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C51C6701FB12C05FE33204B" box="[401,480,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
|
||
wingspan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C51C6701EE72C61FEA420FC" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EE72C61FE872011" bold="true" box="[199,340,332,357]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Androconia</emphasis>
|
||
: small dark brown brush overlying lenticular dark brown or blackish patch on stem of HWD R vein just above cell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C51C6701EE72CB9FF1C2081" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EE72CB9FEDB20D9" bold="true" box="[199,264,404,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Palps</emphasis>
|
||
: penultimate segment with narrow cream stripe fringed with black hair-scales beyond compound eye, away from eye dark grey or black with lighter greyish scales between these two stripes. Mesad and inner face dark grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C51C6701EE72CD2FA4F2384" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EE72CD2FE9A236C" bold="true" box="[199,329,511,536]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">♂ genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: 97DL (PT,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C51C6701FF42CD2FDF0236C" box="[468,547,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[264,1363,233,1142]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[212,1379,190,1160]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 11. ♂ genitalia in LV (left), DV (right). A: ♂ genitalia of Heteropsis westwoodi Lees, sp. nov. (Antanandava, Andohahela; 236 DL). B: Ht. pauliani, ♂ genitalia, PT ♂ (Tsaratanana; 97 DL)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264608/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
B): from LV, tegumen with distinct brow towards scythe-hooked uncus which is relatively broad at base and narrow in middle. Uncus slightly longer than dorsal profile of tegumen. Constriction at hinge with vinculus is relatively broad, about 2/3 length of tegumen. Gnathos fairly straight and tapered and slightly downcurved pointing towards dorsal edge of uncus. Valves quite long with a slight ventral elbow at base of arm and flattened blades strongly covered in spinoid setae on mesad face of distal club, those at the edge appearing like saw-tooth serrae. Valves protrude almost the full length of club beyond uncus tip. Saccus not especially long and up-bent. Aedeagus nearly full length of valve, quite long proximad of ostium and slightly recurved distad of it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C51C6701EE72FD1FE7A2229" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C51C6701EE72FD1FE7A2229" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EE72FD1FE9D2261" bold="true" box="[199,334,764,789]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
After the pioneering French entomologist the late Rector Renaud Paulian (
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C51C6701AF02FD1FA802260" box="[1232,1363,764,788]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1913" valueMax="2003">1913–2003</date>
|
||
), who described two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701F1D2E0CFE66224C" box="[317,437,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701F1D2E0CFE66224C" box="[317,437,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Heteropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa and discovered the first known specimens of this species on Madagascar’s highest mountain a lifetime ago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C51C6701EE72E4AFC742420" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C51C6701EE72E4AFE342564" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EE72E4AFE9F22F4" bold="true" box="[199,332,871,896]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was first recognized by DCL in 1994 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C51C6701D8B2E45FB8A22F4" author="Lees" box="[939,1113,871,896]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">Lees, 1997: 54</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) at MNHN with collections from Tsaratanana by R. Paulian in 1951 and by P. Griveaud
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701D472EA0FC7922D1" box="[871,938,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C51C6701DF72EA1FB4022D1" box="[983,1171,908,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1966-11">November 1966</date>
|
||
. It was since found at Anjanaharibe Sud in 1996 by Claire Kremen and by R. Ranaivosolo just to the east of RNI Tsaratanana in
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C51C6701B622E82FF002298" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="2013-10">October 2013</date>
|
||
. All available
|
||
<typeStatus id="549548864C51C6701F5A2EF8FE662299" box="[378,437,981,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">types</typeStatus>
|
||
within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701C192EF8FD122299" box="[569,705,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drepana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701C192EF8FD122299" box="[569,705,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. drepana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group have been examined and the species is distinct from any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701EB72ED4FEDC2564" box="[151,271,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EB72ED4FEDC2564" box="[151,271,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Heteropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hitherto described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C51C6701EE72931FC742420" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EE72931FE342541" bold="true" box="[199,487,1052,1077]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Additional information.</emphasis>
|
||
DNA divergences: COI-5P cluster number BOLD:ACW4997 (exemplar MTSBR, BMAD234-15), 6.08% divergent to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701C10296CFD4C252C" box="[560,671,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701C10296CFD4C252C" box="[560,671,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. viettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Anjanaharibe Sud; exemplar BMAD137-15, DL14A-0196, cluster number BOLD:AAK5839) and with a similar divergence to a few other related species. In their COII dataset (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C51C6701EBE29A5FEA225D4" author="Torres" box="[158,369,1159,1184]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Torres, E., Lees, D. C., Vane-Wright, R. I., Kremen, C., Leonard, J. A. & Wayne, R. K. (2001) Examining monophyly in a large radiation of Madagascan butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Mycalesina) based on mitochondrial DNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20, 460 - 473. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.0984" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701ECE29A4FEFD25D4" box="[238,302,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with 422 bp comparable,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701C8429A4FCF825D4" box="[676,811,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701C8429A4FCF825D4" box="[676,811,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. pauliani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(accession
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C51C6701D8F29AAFBFD25D4" box="[943,1070,1159,1184]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY040165" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
AY
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C51C6701DF829AAFBFD25D4" box="[984,1070,1159,1184]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="65-04-01">040165</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
), based on a single individual, is closest (5% pairwise divergent) to “
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701C092980FD9725B0" box="[553,580,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 32” (?also =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701CDB2980FCB225B0" box="[763,865,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701CDB2980FCB225B0" box="[763,865,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H. viettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C51C6701D512981FC2325B0" box="[881,1008,1196,1220]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY040143" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
AY
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C51C6701DBA2981FC2325B0" box="[922,1008,1196,1220]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="43-04-01">040143</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
), based on one ♂ from Andohahela. It is considerably more pairwise divergent, about 7.67%, in the same COII dataset (417 bp compared) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701B3B29FCFA4F259C" box="[1307,1436,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701B3B29FCFA4F259C" box="[1307,1436,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. imerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(their ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EC429D8FEC02478" box="[228,275,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hen</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. 22’;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C51C6701F5C29D9FE2A2479" box="[380,505,1268,1293]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY040150" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
AY
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C51C6701F8429D9FE2A2479" box="[420,505,1268,1293]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="50-04-01">040150</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
, based on two ♂♂ from Ankazomivady, an exemplar of which is illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C51C6701B5029D9FF752444" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1840,1862]" captionTargetBox="[267,1325,216,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[244,1342,193,1819]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 7. Adults in DV (left), VV (right) or in natural postures. A: HT ♂ of Heteropsis harveyi Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. (NHMUK 010289119). B: PT ♀ of Ht. harveyi (NHMUK 010289121). C: HT ♂ of Henotesia andravahana ab. marmorata Aurivillius, 1911 (NHRS-TOBI 000000050). D: pair of Ht. harveyi in copula (Maromizaha, photo courtesy Lance Featherstone). E: ♂ of Ht. imerina (Ankazomivady, 23 / 03 / 2003, photo: D. C. Lees), for comparison, showing relatively produced ‘ tail’ on HW vein M 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264604/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E). This last taxon is also only marginally different from, and undoubtedly conspecific with (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701B372834FA4F2444" box="[1303,1436,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701B372834FA4F2444" box="[1303,1436,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. imerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
description below) ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701F582810FE752420" box="[376,422,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hen</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. 76’, (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C51C6701C362811FD472420" box="[534,660,1340,1364]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY040174" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
AY
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C51C6701C1F2811FD472420" box="[575,660,1340,1364]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="74-04-01">040174</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
) of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C51C6701CE12810FC712420" box="[705,930,1340,1365]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Torres, E., Lees, D. C., Vane-Wright, R. I., Kremen, C., Leonard, J. A. & Wayne, R. K. (2001) Examining monophyly in a large radiation of Madagascan butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Mycalesina) based on mitochondrial DNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20, 460 - 473. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.0984" type="journal article">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701D2F2810FC9D2421" box="[783,846,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C51C67F1EE72872FE042069" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C51C6701EE72872FCF12604" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EE72872FE22240C" bold="true" box="[199,497,1375,1400]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Phylogeny/sister species</emphasis>
|
||
: sister group uncertain, without agreement so far between molecules and morphology (but see Aduse-Poku
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701C3828A8FD8324E9" box="[536,592,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015; 2016, in press, where sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701DDB28A8FBAF24E8" box="[1019,1148,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701DDB28A8FBAF24E8" box="[1019,1148,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. imerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in combined tree). Based on parsimony analysis of morphological characters,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C51C6701CC22885FC2124B4" author="Lees" box="[738,1010,1447,1472]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Lees, D. C. (1997) Systematics and biogeography of Madagascan mycalesine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of London, London, 411 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Lees (1997: 156,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C51C6701D87288AFC3424B4" box="[935,999,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,492,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1437,481,1690]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Venation and wing patterning diagram of a fairly typical species of Heteropsis from Madagascar (Heteropis antahala group; ♂), DV. Sdbp = Supra-discocellular brush and patch. Cub = Cubital brush. Ventral banding: Cb = Costal bars. Mf = Median fleck (pale highlight). Mb = Median band. PMb = Premedian band. Ore = Ocellus ring extension. Pml = Premarginal line. Sml = Submarginal line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264598/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had over 96% jackknife support for a sister relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701FEC28E0FD872491" box="[460,596,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701FEC28E0FD872491" box="[460,596,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. pauliani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C51C6701C7D28E1FD642491" box="[605,695,1484,1509]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701C7D28E1FD642491" bold="true" box="[605,695,1484,1509]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(“THRSV”) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701D5F28E0FC702490" box="[895,931,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht.</emphasis>
|
||
76 (“SVTSX”) +
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701A5328E0FB262490" box="[1139,1269,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imerina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701A5328E0FB262490" box="[1139,1269,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. imerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“TWNTW”), while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701EFE28DCFE52277C" box="[222,385,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EFE28DCFE52277C" box="[222,385,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. westwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269974D4C51C6701FAB28C2FE35277C" box="[395,486,1519,1544]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701FAB28C2FE35277C" bold="true" box="[395,486,1519,1544]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(THRTB) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701CB828DCFCDA277C" box="[664,777,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701CB828DCFCDA277C" box="[664,777,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. viettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(THRTN) fell in the next branch down. In their cladistic parsimony analysis of COII sequences,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C51C6701C7D2B38FCEF2758" author="Torres" box="[605,828,1556,1581]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Torres, E., Lees, D. C., Vane-Wright, R. I., Kremen, C., Leonard, J. A. & Wayne, R. K. (2001) Examining monophyly in a large radiation of Madagascan butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Mycalesina) based on mitochondrial DNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20, 460 - 473. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.0984" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701C8D2B38FD3D2759" box="[685,750,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
(2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 467) found a topological relationship, although with meagre 51% bootstrap support, for a clade consisting of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701D3F2B14FC7B2724" box="[799,936,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701D3F2B14FC7B2724" box="[799,936,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. pauliani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(their
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701DD62B14FBF62724" box="[1014,1061,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hen</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. 37, from Anjanaharibe Sud) and ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EF02B70FF3F2700" box="[208,236,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 74’ + ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701F472B70FEA82700" box="[359,379,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. 32’ (taxa from Andohahela and Anjanaharibe Sud, respectively that were fully supported as sisters; but they did not include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701C092BACFD4A27EC" box="[553,665,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701C092BACFD4A27EC" box="[553,665,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. viettei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701C8C2BACFD1327EC" box="[684,704,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. 13) nor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701D762BACFC2B27EC" box="[854,1016,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701D762BACFC2B27EC" box="[854,1016,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. westwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701A2B2BACFBCC27EC" box="[1035,1055,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">H</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. 13B)). Apparently, however, there was a problem with the GenBank submission and this result cannot be verified (it must be based on an unsubmitted sequence), because on GenBank,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C51C6701C912BE5FCF82794" box="[689,811,1736,1760]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY040173" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
AY
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C51C6701CF92BE5FCF82794" box="[729,811,1736,1760]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="73-04-01">040173</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701D6B2BE4FC6E2794" box="[843,957,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Henotesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701D6B2BE4FC6E2794" box="[843,957,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Henotesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Torres-74”) is apparently mislabelled and cannot correspond to its position in the tree. That is because sequence
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C51C6701DD92BC1FBA02670" box="[1017,1139,1772,1796]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY040173" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
AY
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C51C6701A012BC1FBA02670" box="[1057,1139,1772,1796]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="73-04-01">040173</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
is identical to
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947D6BC74C51C6701B022BC1FA4F2671" box="[1314,1436,1772,1797]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY040169" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
AY
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C51C6701B692BC1FA4F2671" box="[1353,1436,1772,1797]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="69-04-01">040169</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701E802A3CFD8D265C" authority="Oberthur, 1916" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1916" box="[160,606,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laetifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701E802A3CFE56265C" box="[160,389,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Heteropsis laetifica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C51C6701FBD2A22FD84265C" author="Oberthur" box="[413,599,1807,1832]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refString="Oberthur, C. (1916) Observations sur une centurie d'Especes de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres malagaches. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 11, 177 - 244." type="journal article" year="1916">Oberthür, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Analalava, a species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701DF52A3CFB8C265C" box="[981,1119,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701DF52A3CFB8C265C" box="[981,1119,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. strigula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group), whereas the real morphospecies 74 should be either closely related, if not conspecific, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C51C6701DC82A18FB322638" authority="Lees, 2003" authorityName="Lees" authorityYear="2003" box="[1000,1249,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viettei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701DC82A18FB8A2638" box="[1000,1113,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ht. viettei</emphasis>
|
||
Lees, 2003
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This last taxon (then ‘sp. 13’) was not [otherwise] included in their study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C51C6701EE72A51FE2526E1" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,502,1916,1941]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EE72A51FE2526E1" bold="true" box="[199,502,1916,1941]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C51C6701EE72A8DFA8826CC" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,1371,1952,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C51C6701EE72A8DFEF026CD" bold="true" box="[199,291,1952,1977]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
: montane rainforest, sclerophyllous forest including ‘matsabory’ (marshy and lake forest areas).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C5EC67F1EE72DBAFE6721A0" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,952]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C5EC67F1EE72DBAFE9021C4" bold="true" box="[199,323,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Behaviour</emphasis>
|
||
: known to fly low across gaps between forest. One was caught in the middle of a ‘matsoborimaiky’ (dry lake) at Tsaratanana.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C5EC67F1EE72DF2FE6F218C" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,952]" box="[199,444,223,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C5EC67F1EE72DF2FEEE218C" bold="true" box="[199,317,223,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Hostplant</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C5EC67F1EE72C29FE042069" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,952]" box="[199,471,260,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C5EC67F1EE72C29FE8B2069" bold="true" box="[199,344,260,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Early stages</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C5EC67F1EE72C0AFB5020D9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C5EC67F1EE72C0AFBA020FC" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,952]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C5EC67F1EE72C0AFE8A2034" bold="true" box="[199,345,295,320]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: endemic to the mountain ranges between Tsaratanana and Anjanaharibe Sud, as far as is known (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315EAA14C5EC67F1EBF2C61FF222010" box="[159,241,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1763,1785]" captionTargetBox="[325,1224,254,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[316,1247,230,1746]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 30. Distribution maps. A. Purple: Heteropsis vanewrighti Lees, sp. nov. Green: Ht. pauliani Lees, sp. nov. Yellow: Ht. mimetica Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. hazovola Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. Turquoise: Ht. imerina Lees, sp. nov. [northern populations overlapping with Ht. vanewrighti and Ht. pauliani are not shown]. Pink: Ht. westwoodi Lees, sp. nov. B. Red: Ht. avaratra Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light blue: Ht. kremenae Lees, sp. nov. Fawn: Ht. vertigo Lees & Raharitsimba, sp. nov. C. Ochre: Ht. roussettae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Slate-blue: Ht. menamenoides Lees, sp. nov. Olive: Ht. lanyvary Lees, sp. nov. Dark green: Ht. borgo Lees, sp. nov. Light green: Ht. barbarae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Brown: Ht. oberthueri Lees, sp. nov. Dark pink: Ht. tianae Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. D. Mid green: Ht. sogai Lees, sp. nov. Dark brown: Ht. tornado Lees, Allaoui & Aduse-Poku, sp. nov. Lilac: Ht. harveyi Lees & Kremen, sp. nov. Light brown: centraleastern populations of Ht. harveyi complex. Scale bar: 500 km." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264627/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
A, dark green dots). Due to a formatting error, the locality was incorrectly given in Table 1 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBF8BD54C5EC67F1B2F2C60FF1C20FC" author="Torres" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" refString="Torres, E., Lees, D. C., Vane-Wright, R. I., Kremen, C., Leonard, J. A. & Wayne, R. K. (2001) Examining monophyly in a large radiation of Madagascan butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Mycalesina) based on mitochondrial DNA data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20, 460 - 473. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.0984" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Torres
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C5EC67F1B7D2C60FA462011" box="[1373,1429,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as Andohahela, instead of its true provenance in the line below, Anjanaharibe Sud.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C5EC67F1EE72CB9FB5020D9" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,952]" box="[199,1155,404,429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C5EC67F1EE72CB9FE4A20D9" bold="true" box="[199,409,404,429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Elevational range</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1F882CB9FD9520D8" box="[424,582,404,428]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.049" metricValueMax="2.32" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2049.0" valueMax="2320.0" valueMin="1778.0">1778–2320 m</quantity>
|
||
. (n= 13 incl. referred specimens and observations).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C5EC67F1EE72C9AFBE12349" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C5EC67F1EE72C9AFBE12349" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,952]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C5EC67F1EE72C9AFEB420A4" bold="true" box="[199,359,439,464]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
: probably the highest elevation
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C5EC67F1CFE2C94FC8520A4" box="[734,854,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C5EC67F1CFE2C94FC8520A4" box="[734,854,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Heteropsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C5EC67F1DA02C9AFBD920A4" box="[896,1034,439,464]" name="Madagascar" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Not likely in imminent danger by habitat destruction.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2E8DA74C5EC67F1F542CF0FE292081" box="[372,506,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauliani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C5EC67F1F542CF0FE292081" box="[372,506,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ht. pauliani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely occurs on a number of high and rather inaccessible peaks or ridges across its range. It might however be endangered by global warming. No individuals were found in a lower elevational transect up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1F152F09FE592348" box="[309,394,548,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550 m</quantity>
|
||
on Anjanaharibe Sud in 2014, although this may be too low.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C334A5AF4C5EC67F1EE72F67FB4522CC" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91F6244C5EC67F1EE72F67FB4522CC" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,952]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A2A364C5EC67F1EE72F67FE6D2317" bold="true" box="[199,446,586,611]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
♂ [head and right wings only],
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339B6B44C5EC67F1D672F67FC1D2317" box="[839,974,586,611]" name="Madagascar" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
NE, RS Anjanaharibe Sud,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1B032F66FA452317" box="[1315,1430,583,611]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="-14.7431">14.7431o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1EB72F5FFED923FD" box="[151,266,622,650]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="49.4371">49.4371o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1F1B2F5CFE4823FE" box="[315,411,625,650]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="0.51">0.51 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1F872F5FFD8923FD" box="[423,602,626,650]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.788" metricValueMax="2.026" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1788.0" valueMax="2026.0" valueMin="1550.0">1788 +/- 238 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C5EC67F1C472F5CFD1E23FE" box="[615,717,625,650]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1996-02-08">8/2/1996</date>
|
||
, 16:05–17:15, C. Kremen: CK720 IA293 [isotope voucher]; ♂, NE, RS Anjanaharibe Sud,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1FEC2FB4FDF023C4" box="[460,547,665,689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1C0F2FB4FD7123C5" box="[559,674,661,689]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="-14.7431">14.7431o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1C8F2FB4FCF023C4" box="[687,803,661,689]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="49.4374">49.4374o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1D722FB5FC7023C5" box="[850,931,664,689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1D8E2FB4FBD523C4" box="[942,1030,665,689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
, C. Kremen;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C5EC67F1ABC2FB4FB2023C5" box="[1180,1267,665,689]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E)
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C5EC67F1B3B2FB5FAA823C5" box="[1307,1403,664,689]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="2008" valueMax="2069">2008-69</date>
|
||
; ♂ [worn], NE, Anjanaharibe Sud,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1C2A2F92FDAE23A3" box="[522,637,700,727]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="-14.7431">14.7431o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1CAD2F92FCD223A3" box="[653,769,700,727]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="49.4371">49.4371o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1D172F92FC4923AC" box="[823,922,703,728]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="0.51">0.51 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1D882F92FBB023A3" box="[936,1123,703,727]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.788" metricValueMax="2.028" metricValueMin="1.548" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1788.0" valueMax="2028.0" valueMin="1548.0">1788 +/- 240 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C5EC67F1A522F92FB0923AC" box="[1138,1242,703,728]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1996-02-08">8/2/1996</date>
|
||
: 16:05-17:15, C. Kremen: CK722,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C5EC67F1F502FCEFE452388" box="[368,406,739,764]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
9686 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C5EC67F1FC32FCEFDF0238F" box="[483,547,739,763]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
voucher], IA292 [isotope voucher]; ♂, NE, Anjanaharibe Sud,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1B182FCEFA44238F" box="[1336,1431,739,764]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2025.0">2025 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1EB72E27FED92256" box="[151,266,774,802]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="-14.7431">14.7431o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1F3C2E27FE4D2256" box="[284,414,774,803]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="1" value="49.43735">49.43735o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1FF82E27FD992257" box="[472,586,778,803]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="0.495">0.495 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1C7B2E27FCDE2256" box="[603,781,778,803]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.075" metricValueMin="1.975" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2025.0" valueMax="2075.0" valueMin="1975.0">2025 +/- 50 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C5EC67F1D3F2E27FC562257" box="[799,901,778,803]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1995-02-08">8/2/1995</date>
|
||
, C. Kremen: CK715; 307
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C5EC67F1A992E27FB0C2256" box="[1209,1247,778,802]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
[genitalia], 335 [=
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C5EC67F1E8D2E1DFF06223D" box="[173,213,816,841]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">DL</collectionCode>
|
||
0335;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C5EC67F1F3C2E1CFE8A223D" box="[284,345,817,841]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
extract number],
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C5EC67F1C3E2E1CFDA6223D" box="[542,629,817,841]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(E) #697749; ♂, NE, Anjanaharibe [Sud],
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1A6A2E1CFB6E223D" box="[1098,1213,813,841]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="-14.7431">14.7431o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1AE92E1CFAEE223C" box="[1225,1341,813,841]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="49.4371">49.4371o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1B4B2E1DFF6D2219" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="0.51">0.51 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1EE92E78FEAA2218" box="[201,377,853,877]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.788" metricValueMax="2.026" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1788.0" valueMax="2026.0" valueMin="1550.0">1788 +/- 238 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C5EC67F1FA52E79FE3E2219" box="[389,493,852,877]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1996-02-08">8/2/1996</date>
|
||
: 16:05–17:15, C. Kremen: CK726 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3F6EE14C5EC67F1D5C2E78FC6F2219" box="[892,956,853,877]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">DNA</collectionCode>
|
||
voucher]; ♂, NE, Anjanaharibe Sud,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1B442E78FF7C22E7" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1E9A2E51FEFE22E0" box="[186,301,888,916]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="-14.7431">14.7431o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1F1A2E51FE7E22E7" box="[314,429,888,916]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="49.4374">49.4374o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1FFB2E56FDF822E0" box="[475,555,891,916]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1C152E51FD5F22E7" box="[565,652,892,916]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
, C. Kremen; ♀, NE, Anjanaharibe Sud,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1A6A2E51FB6E22E0" box="[1098,1213,888,916]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="-14.7431">14.7431o S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1A90E34C5EC67F1AE92E51FAEE22E7" box="[1225,1341,888,916]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" precision="5" value="49.4371">49.4371o E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+/-
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1B4B2E56FF6D22CC" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="km" value="0.51">0.51 km</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD65BC14C5EC67F1EE92E8DFEAB22C3" box="[201,376,928,952]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.788" metricValueMax="2.026" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="1788.0" valueMax="2026.0" valueMin="1550.0">1788 +/- 238 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF90D0E44C5EC67F1FA42EB2FE3F22CC" box="[388,492,927,952]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" value="1996-02-08">8/2/1996</date>
|
||
: 16:05–17:15, C. Kremen: CK720, IA293 [isotope voucher].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |