136 lines
18 KiB
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136 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="1449B8DD886F592B2EE13579798B44CE" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bfaf657e-231d-4b16-addf-92fcbbe3ff14" ModsDocID="22678" checkinTime="1249509691321" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Dlussky, G. M., Wappler, T. & Wedmann, S." docDate="2009" docId="5EF4696F5AD7131C1D0B03C997211363" docLanguage="en" docName="22678.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2031" docSource="http://hol.osu.edu/reference-full.html?id=22678" docTitle="Gesomyrmex" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="1D63F80859B2A810E2A0D291BF12DD97" masterDocTitle="Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities." masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1701311817640" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="AD3EDE79877058F24295A609292A9B70">Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B7248813CA586CBC66FE78D6DEB3D06">Dlussky, G. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="704F7D0F2A10DA01AD85DF9B31DD1613">Wappler, T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8A85CD650D5AB73071B3140CD2D2F917">Wedmann, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6CADA1BA02727ABC7F2C066B7382B3FD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="217B0177E596AFE5042D452782407DD1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6E02EC8EB20AC9FAD29A83208484FCA3">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="12A874DE6CEEE4BD4BCDB0081A475438" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C1BE9077020217346F0D64CD3E220572">2031</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D0022AEF8D2FBB2688E78B6E8096A41D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B5E8A3DCBB2925BC6638295DFD99FAA5" type="HNS-Pub">22678</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BBD936746CD294341363852AD61FADDB" type="ZooBank">0919CF2B-DBC2-4504-B48A-8AD0D01695DB</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5EF4696F5AD7131C1D0B03C997211363" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6214382" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6214382" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5EF4696F5AD7131C1D0B03C997211363" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EF4696F5AD7131C1D0B03C997211363" lastPageNumber="6" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="39CFD5C1BAA9EB4B61BE383022914B89" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FA47964F7F5A093EF3CF1FD84A725129" pageNumber="5">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="878DD3AE6710CC4DC27F87C069439D7B" ID-CoL="4N9D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gesomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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Mayr, 1868
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EBF4A245BF3EE2706B5CEF91A24A4E63" pageNumber="5">
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Type species.
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<taxonomicName id="CE575F1045ED873BF5507929352829CC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29256" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr</taxonomicName>
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, 1868, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3A010F222EDCBCCF98B6FD471BC06574" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8234D6D4E96EE3C3018AFA7F2F73382B" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis. Worker caste polymorphic. Eyes enormously large in workers and males. Antennae geniculate, 8-segmented in worker, 10-segmented in gyne and 8-11-segmented in male. Mandible in worker and gyne with 5-10 acute teeth; mandibles in male reduced, not opposable. Posterolateral corners of the head and propodeum without spines. Fore wings with closed cells 1+2r, 3r and mcu.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E42DDA3847056F6B8AA535152AC7982" pageNumber="5">
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Species numbers and distribution. Six extant species are known which are distributed in the Oriental tropics (Fig. 1). Three fossil species were described:
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<taxonomicName id="1B3633D4CCB0F065A12B107E5BC5D4F9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29256" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr</taxonomicName>
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, 1868 (Baltic amber, late Eocene),
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<taxonomicName id="C0168EB4836D9BE4B6C39C91BE3C5596" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29255" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" genus.bestMatchDistance="16617" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex expectans Théobald" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="expectans">G. expectans Theobald</taxonomicName>
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, 1937 (Kleinkembs, France, Oligocene) and
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<taxonomicName id="C1B4F0A349965CDA7A482D942F414EF5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29260" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" genus.bestMatchDistance="17310" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex miegi Théobald" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miegi">G. miegi Theobald</taxonomicName>
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, 1937 (Haut-Rhin, France, Oligocene). The last two fossil species must be excluded from
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<taxonomicName id="831A91BF1CDC6BE7B9435202C291E8CE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gesomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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(vide infra). Five
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9F849E5483A251829D91D5E93CABD1E7" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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from middle Eocene deposits of Germany are described below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FAED9FF3C4B2228A3221753F9758DF84" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="5636A646C7D343CAC9C1106DF5809E45" lastPageNumber="6" pageNumber="5">
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Comments. Mayr (1868) described the genus
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<taxonomicName id="73DF84917C2B5977F4FF580F83621979" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gesomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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with the unique species G
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<taxonomicName id="1A4EB8EEE17A4798F41F24E1000F5DE3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29256" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">hoernesi</taxonomicName>
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from Baltic amber from 19 workers and one male. A quarter of a century later Andre (1892) described two new extant species from Borneo. One of them was similar to fossil
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<taxonomicName id="80B3D23411266869D227F0ECED447CFC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29256" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" genus.bestMatchDistance="225" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">G. hoernesi</taxonomicName>
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, and he described it as
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<taxonomicName id="F37C699FE41A5DB495F826DCA2951599" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29254" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex chaperi André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaperi">Gesomyrmex chaperi</taxonomicName>
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. The second species differed by its large size, a more elongate head and smaller eyes, and he
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<pageStartToken id="BD57051C127D221336843C90C0EBA717" pageNumber="6">described</pageStartToken>
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it as
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<taxonomicName id="A1D77757EA3B3F343F13CDDDC35633EE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138582" authority="André, 1892" authorityName="André" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dimorphomyrmex janeti André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janeti">Dimorphomyrmex janeti</taxonomicName>
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. Emery (1905) found in Baltic amber a specimen similar to
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<taxonomicName id="769B9276F9604E08509B2C80AA36F8BA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:251740" genus="Dimorhomyrmex" genus.bestMatchDistance="15" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" lsidName-HNS="Dimorhomyrmex janeti" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="janeti">D. janeti</taxonomicName>
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and described it as
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<taxonomicName id="A8194287494A25E5ED311A4EFDB63CC1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138585" authority="André, 1892" authorityName="André" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dimorphomyrmex theryi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">Dimorphomyrmex theryi</taxonomicName>
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. Finally Wheeler (1915) re-described
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<taxonomicName id="B6F064A807AE5FA73A87A28FA49780E1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29256" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" genus.bestMatchDistance="160" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">G. hoernesi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FAD7EFDDBA6F11B3A88447924C5691F8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138585" authority="André, 1892" authorityName="André" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" genus.bestMatchDistance="13" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dimorphomyrmex theryi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theryi">D. theryi</taxonomicName>
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and described two
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="381C449C5B4FEA04A8F0F9725FA243C1" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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from Baltic amber:
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<taxonomicName id="D4B9B80FF86A0B17E52B8B10C82AD922" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138583" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex annectens Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annectens">Gesomyrmex annectens</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B9FAB006B69050D69F089A42F8B35EF1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138584" authority="André, 1892" authorityName="André" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dimorphomyrmex mayri Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri">Dimorphomyrmex mayri</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2FBAE4A4526AE27B29AA2038FC967E28" pageNumber="6">
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Some years later Wheeler (1929) received 18 workers, collected by L.G.K. Kalshoven in Java. All these ants were collected from the same nest, so, naturally, they belonged to the same species described as
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<taxonomicName id="3E319CB37D7B365AA7841F0B897E8A95" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29258" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex kalshoveni Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalshoveni">Gesomyrmex kalshoveni Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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. Workers from the same colony were very polymorphic. Large, medium and small workers differed by the form of the head, eye size, and mandible form. Moreover large (major) workers had characters of
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<taxonomicName id="635BF9BEB3EBECAB7A6421905088D2F4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146909" authority="André, 1892" authorityName="André" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dimorphomyrmex André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dimorphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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, and small (minor) and medium workers those of
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<taxonomicName id="A8EEA8CE68312642129682510BAF7786" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gesomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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. As a result Wheeler designated
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<taxonomicName id="67E48CE5A18A3C3C0A17AEC104904C18" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146909" authority="André, 1892" authorityName="André" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dimorphomyrmex André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dimorphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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as junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="469D382D6A45FD9FB8E5DBA011828A7E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gesomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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, and concluded that both species of
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<taxonomicName id="3E9548D2AAE6D7F2AF55DF9A45FC5A80" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146909" authority="André, 1892" authorityName="André" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dimorphomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dimorphomyrmex André" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dimorphomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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and both species of
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<taxonomicName id="B6A7FE9C4F178FC7C38B2912D35B7441" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gesomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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, described from Baltic amber, really belong to one polymorphic species
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<taxonomicName id="FEEB9E35D1756E329EFD0422D6EF6214" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29256" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoernesi">Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB2777258B2A0844F90DA5D8126526C8" pageNumber="6">
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Most extant species of
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<taxonomicName id="08D1A18364600566EBB6B19ACB7F4D66" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2535" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gesomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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are known only from the worker caste. A revision of the genus and key for determination of workers was published by Cole (1949). Only three sexuals are known: a winged gyne and a male of G
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<taxonomicName id="6DA7C859C28289BB0F522DC95027A768" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29259" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex luzonensis (Wheeler)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luzonensis">luzonensis</taxonomicName>
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(Wheeler 1916, 1930) and a wingless gyne of
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<taxonomicName id="DBDD95BDD15B29674A6A1C8EDBCD3E5C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:229779" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gesomyrmex" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Gesomyrmex tobiasi Dubovikoff" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tobiasi">G. tobiasi</taxonomicName>
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(Dubovikoff 2004). The last species is known only from this gyne.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |