treatments-xml/data/03/DB/C5/03DBC564204CFF8AFF36FFE7E798B9F5.xml

<document id="4BA43671C59384785177BAFF66C9E422" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.652.2.4" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216647" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722604391738" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zulfiqar, Rizwana, Habib, Kamran, Asghar, Hafiza Simab, Wahab, Hira, Sohrabi, Mohammad, Paukov, Alexander G., Ren, Qiang &amp; Khalid, Abdul Nasir" docDate="2024" docId="03DBC564204CFF8AFF36FFE7E798B9F5" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.652.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 652 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.652.2.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Circinaria semicontorta R. Zulfiqar, H. S. Asghar, K. Habib &amp; Khalid, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="FFE2BD1C204FFF8CFFBEFA53E23ABD71" masterDocTitle="A new species in the genus Circinaria (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Megasporaceae) from Pakistan" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="124" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1724783881574" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="AB4117117291DA04BD8D48838C344BF7">A new species in the genus Circinaria (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Megasporaceae) from Pakistan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2257B59EC75CBC54153E9EE748FC4DAA">Zulfiqar, Rizwana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="07E5A508CAD36845CB5F04FE06651405">Institute of Botany, Fungal Biology and Systematics Lab, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4737868784454F7BC604B5F27AB041D0">Habib, Kamran</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F5C037178538CCBB9F6BB3B67CCA73A4">Institute of Botany, Fungal Biology and Systematics Lab, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="691097EE5A75C5AD12B559D230F352DE">Asghar, Hafiza Simab</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E617915ADE34612AD5FDBE04871D3EE4">Institute of Botany, Fungal Biology and Systematics Lab, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="402B79C3A0C7C23FDB3EA1A43911F9F1">Wahab, Hira</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7874E2CD6D410D32A7166B8A3B26BC6C">Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DA8E873C864932C3E1E78977519C461C">Sohrabi, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="33ADF7BC17DCAB0BDF316B3F30FD83A0">The Museum of Iranian Lichens, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4365DD9DB7A879AB527967B12BC8C5D7">Paukov, Alexander G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="80D0E120744945136A81B4C597A6788C" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6689-7189</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="59D0C7417ECEB533CE59F5544FBC64CA">Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4AED4B40E6766FFE2522C256026BC353">Ren, Qiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AF58A68E26E981403F97855F0C4EB89C">School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1402E76B8FF3CAD7D31D2CA6911EEE29">Khalid, Abdul Nasir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4A53C9F39014691E54D21A17DA2459B">Institute of Botany, Fungal Biology and Systematics Lab, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B5C6E4A9ECFF09DA633EE1BA14CDABF1">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C720FF1204CFF8FFF36FFE7E1A6B8BF" authority="R. Zulfiqar, H.S. Asghar, K. Habib &amp; Khalid" authorityName="R. Zulfiqar, H. S. Asghar, K. Habib &amp; Khalid" box="[136,924,1460,1487]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="semicontorta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906A860204CFF8FFF36FFE7E3A6B8BF" bold="true" box="[136,412,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Circinaria semicontorta</emphasis>
R. Zulfiqar, H.S. Asghar, K. Habib &amp; Khalid
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.
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MycoBank No.: MB849956
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<taxonomicName id="4C720FF1204CFF8FFF03FF8BE3F0B883" box="[189,458,1496,1522]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="127" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="semicontorta">
<emphasis id="B906A860204CFF8FFF03FF8BE3F0B883" box="[189,458,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Circinaria semicontorta</emphasis>
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has a whitish areolate to subverrucose thallus with a thinning, cracked margin, it has areoles with raised whitish pseudocyphellae containing black ostioles of conidiomata, with 12–25 μm long pycnoconidia, and it lacks of secondary metabolites.
</paragraph>
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Type:— 
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. 
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, 
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: 
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, on calcareous rocks, 
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a.s.l, 35 
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59ʹ N 73 
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61ʹ E, 
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, 
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KH-20 (
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).
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(
<figureCitation id="134968F7204CFF8FFF7BFCDFE31CBBD7" box="[197,294,1676,1702]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[145,1442,190,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[145,1442,190,1563]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A–F): Circinaria semicontorta (Holotype). A. Dry thallus B. Apothecia and areoles (dry thallus) C &amp; D. Pycnidia in pseudocyphellae (wet). E. Section of apothecia F. Conidia. Scales: A = 2 cm, B = 0.5 mm, C = 1 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 100 µm, F = 15 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216651/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Figure 2</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B906A860204CFF8FFF03FCE3E32BBBBB" box="[189,273,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Thallus</emphasis>
crustose, areolate to sub-verrucose, discrete, c. 
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across, 200–300 µm thick in section with a thinning radially cracked marginal part. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204CFF8FFE5DFC87E003BB9F" box="[483,569,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Areoles</emphasis>
contiguous, rarely discrete, irregular, or angular to rounded, weakly concave to plane and convex, pruinose, 
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wide, marginally elongated, giving a lobate view, wrinkled (resembling tree branches), up to 
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long. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204CFF8FFE59FD4FE067BA47" box="[487,605,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Prothallus</emphasis>
absent. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204CFF8FFD02FD4FE140BA47" box="[700,890,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Pseudocyphellae</emphasis>
present, indistinctly papilliform, whitish. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204CFF8FFAE9FD4FE2F9BA2B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Thallus color</emphasis>
whitish-grey when dry, greenish grey when wet. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204CFF8FFCBAFD12E1A1BA2B" box="[772,923,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Upper cortex</emphasis>
paraplectenchymatous, 20–30 µm thick, cells rounded, 4–8 µm in diameter. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204CFF8FFE5CFD37E05ABA0F" box="[482,608,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Algal layer</emphasis>
even, continuous, 50–60 µm thick, photobiont chlorococcoid, 6–12 µm in diameter. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204CFF8FFF46FDDBE36FBAD3" box="[248,341,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="127">Medulla</emphasis>
prosoplectenchymatous, 100–190 µm thick, hyphae white, 2–3 µm wide.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B906A860204BFF88FF36FCB0E2C7BB89" bold="true" box="[136,253,1763,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="128">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogeny of selected 
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<emphasis id="B906A860204BFF88FD5CFCB7E17DBB88" box="[738,839,1764,1785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="128">Circinaria</emphasis>
ITS
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sequences. The reliability of each branch was tested by ML and Bayesian methods. Numbers at tree branches indicate ML bootstrap percentages (left) and Bayesian inference with the Markov chain Monte Carlo (BMCMC) posterior probabilities (right). Thicker branches indicate when the bootstrap value of ML is ≥70% or the BMCMC posterior probability is ≥0.95 or both. GenBank Accession numbers are given to serve as operational taxonomic unit (OTU) names (see Table 1). Originally produced sequences are marked in bold. 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF1204BFF88FD6BFD27E1A1BAF8" box="[725,923,1908,1929]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Megaspora" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="128" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cretacea">
<emphasis id="B906A860204BFF88FD6BFD27E1A1BAF8" box="[725,923,1908,1929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="128">Megaspora cretacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was used as an outgroup.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0D24FA204AFF89FF36FC60E295BBE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13216651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13216651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13216651/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="129" startId="5.[136,229,1587,1609]" targetBox="[145,1442,190,1563]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCD7472204AFF89FF36FC60E295BBE0" blockId="5.[136,1452,1587,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FF36FC60E33BBB39" bold="true" box="[136,257,1587,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
(A–F): 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF1204AFF89FEEBFC60E07BBB38" box="[341,577,1587,1609]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="129" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="semicontorta">
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FEEBFC60E07BBB38" box="[341,577,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Circinaria semicontorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Holotype). A. Dry thallus B. Apothecia and areoles (dry thallus) C &amp; D. Pycnidia in pseudocyphellae (wet). E. Section of apothecia F. Conidia. Scales: A = 2 cm, B = 0.5 mm, C = 1 mm; D = 1 mm; E = 100 µm, F = 15 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCD7472204AFF89FF03FCECE3DBBAFC" blockId="5.[136,1452,1727,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FF03FCECE315BBA8" box="[189,303,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Apothecia</emphasis>
aspiciloid, common, 1–2 per areole. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FD4FFC93E11EBBA8" box="[753,804,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Disc</emphasis>
black, pruinose, plane to weakly concave, rounded to rarely elongated, 
<quantity id="4C8AD997204AFF89FEEFFCB7E3E1BB8F" box="[337,475,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="129" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.7 mm</quantity>
in diameter. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FDC6FCB7E0EDBB8C" box="[632,727,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Margins</emphasis>
rarely prominent, often forming a whitish rim. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FABDFCB7E791BB8C" box="[1283,1451,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Proper exciple</emphasis>
indistinct. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FF40FD54E38BBA50" box="[254,433,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Thalline exciple</emphasis>
90–100 µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FD3BFD54E132BA50" box="[645,776,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Paraphyses</emphasis>
moniliform, apically branched, up to 3 µm wide at the apex. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FF36FD78E318BA34" box="[136,290,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Epihymenium</emphasis>
light brown, 15–25 µm tall. 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF1204AFF89FDD7FD7FE0D8BA34" box="[617,738,1836,1861]" genus="Hymenium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" pageId="5" pageNumber="129" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FDD7FD7FE0D8BA34" box="[617,738,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Hymenium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hyaline, 90–160 µm tall. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FBB9FD78E6A6BA34" box="[1031,1180,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Hypothecium</emphasis>
hyaline, 30–50 µm tall. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FF36FD03E282BA1B" box="[136,184,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Asci</emphasis>
clavate, hyaline, 70–100 × 15–20 µm. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FD3EFD03E13ABA1B" box="[640,768,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Ascospores</emphasis>
4 per ascus, simple, hyaline, spherical to broadly ellipsoid, 17–25 × 15–20 µm, uniseriate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD7472204AFF89FF03FDC4E65DBAA7" blockId="5.[136,1452,1727,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FF03FDC4E31BBAC0" box="[189,289,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Pycnidia</emphasis>
immersed in pseudocyphellae, single or sometimes aggregated, punctiform, with black ostiole surrounded by a whitish margin. 
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FECBFDE8E3F5BAA4" box="[373,463,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Conidia</emphasis>
simple, hyaline, bacilliform, straight, 12–25 μm × c. 1 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD7472204AFF89FF03FD8CE1CFBA88" blockId="5.[136,1452,1727,2042]" box="[189,1013,2015,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B906A860204AFF89FF03FD8CE300BA88" box="[189,314,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="129">Chemistry:</emphasis>
cortex and medulla, all negative. TLC: no substance detected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36827F92049FF8AFF03FACDE01CBDAC" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCD74722049FF8AFF03FACDE01CBDAC" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1157]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFF03FACDE304BDC9" box="[189,318,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species epithet reflects the close relationships with the morphological similar areoles of the crustose species 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFEFDFA90E025BDAD" authorityName="A. Nordin, Savic &amp; Tibell (2010:" authorityYear="1341" baseAuthorityName="Hoffm." box="[323,543,195,221]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFEFDFA90E025BDAD" box="[323,543,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Circinaria contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36827F92049FF8AFF03FAB5E39FBCA8" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BCD74722049FF8AFF03FAB5E39FBCA8" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1157]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFF03FAB5E130BC71" box="[189,778,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
Distribution and habitat: 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFE4AFAB4E130BC71" box="[500,778,231,257]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="semicontorta">Circinaria semicontorta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54C9CAD02049FF8AFC9EFAB5E1B7BC71" box="[800,909,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, KH-20) is a saxicolous species growing on calcareous rocks in a dry temperate climate, at an altitude of 
<quantity id="4C8AD9972049FF8AFC89FB59E145BC54" box="[823,895,266,293]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.41" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="841.0">841 m</quantity>
a.s.l., in an open habitat exposed to sun and rain, with a temperature ranging from -8°C to 28°C and rainfall ranging between 
<quantity id="4C8AD9972049FF8AFBB6FB7DE69BBC38" box="[1032,1185,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="750.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="700.0">700–800 mm</quantity>
annually. Some of the 
<typeStatus id="54C9CAD02049FF8AFF36FB00E2C9BC1C" box="[136,243,339,365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
cited below (KH-210, KH-201) were found growing on silicate rocks in similar habitat as the 
<typeStatus id="54C9CAD02049FF8AFAA9FB01E746BC1D" box="[1303,1404,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but at an altitude of 
<quantity id="4C8AD9972049FF8AFE85FB25E3ACBCE0" box="[315,406,374,401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.811" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="1811.0">1,811 m</quantity>
a.s.l. Whereas, other 
<typeStatus id="54C9CAD02049FF8AFD38FB24E0CBBCE0" box="[646,753,375,401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
cited below (HM-10, KSH-17, SL-07) were found growing on silicate rocks in relatively cold climate, at an altitude of 
<quantity id="4C8AD9972049FF8AFD46FBC9E18CBCC4" box="[760,950,410,437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.949" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.598" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="1949.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="1598.0">1,598 to 2,300 m</quantity>
a.s.l, with an average annual rainfall varying between 
<quantity id="4C8AD9972049FF8AFF52FBEDE39ABCA8" box="[236,416,446,473]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="1325.0" valueMax="1650.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–1650 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36827F92049FF8AFF03FBB0E0A9BEDC" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCD74722049FF8AFF03FBB0E134BFFD" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1157]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFF03FBB0E33CBC8D" box="[189,262,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Notes:</emphasis>
Because of its whitish grey colour 
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFD1EFBB0E629BC8D" box="[672,1043,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFD1EFBB0E18BBC8D" box="[672,945,483,509]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="semicontorta" status="sp. nov.">Circinaria semicontorta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235151B2049FF8AFC04FBB0E629BC8D" box="[954,1043,483,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFB12FBB0E702BC8D" authorityName="R. Zulfiqar &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2023" box="[1196,1336,482,509]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thorstenii">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFB12FBB0E702BC8D" box="[1196,1336,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">C. thorstenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The new species differs by its zonate, thinning and cracked thallus periphery, its olive colour (at least when wet), the convex areoles, and the longer conidia. Convex rounded areoles of 
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFC90F878E678BF35" box="[814,1090,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFC90F878E1D8BF35" box="[814,994,555,581]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="semicontorta" status="sp. nov.">C. semicontorta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235151B2049FF8AFC54F878E678BF35" box="[1002,1090,555,580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
may resemble 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFB4EF878E74BBF35" authorityName="A. Nordin, Savic &amp; Tibell (2010:" authorityYear="1341" baseAuthorityName="Hoffm." box="[1264,1393,555,581]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="contorta">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFB4EF878E74BBF35" box="[1264,1393,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">C. contorta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The new species, however, has more closely appressed and thus flattened areoles, longer conidia and, most conspicuously, pseusocyphellae with carbonized ostioles of conidiomata.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD74722049FF8AFF03F8C5E0A9BEDC" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1157]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
Despite their current phylogenetic position within crustose 
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFCEBF8C4E6D3BFC1" box="[853,1257,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFCEBF8C4E1F4BFC0" box="[853,974,663,689]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Circinaria</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFC67F8C4E6B1BFC1" box="[985,1163,663,689]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="semicontorta" status="sp. nov.">C. semicontorta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235151B2049FF8AFB2DF8C4E6D3BFC1" box="[1171,1257,663,688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFAA1F8C4E791BFC1" authorityName="R. Zulfiqar &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2023" box="[1311,1451,662,689]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thorstenii">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFAA1F8C4E791BFC1" box="[1311,1451,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">C. thorstenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess characters distinct from other species of this group. Like some vagrant and dwarf-fruticose species they develop pseudocyphellae which usually contain conidiomata and lack aspicilin, which is present in the most of the aforementioned crustose taxa. An important diagnostic character are also the much longer conidia, which are 11–15 μm in 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFF6FF974E383BE31" authorityName="R. Zulfiqar &amp; Khalid" authorityYear="2023" box="[209,441,806,833]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="thorstenii">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFF6FF974E383BE31" box="[209,441,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Circinaria thorstenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but 12–25 μm in 
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFD36F974E1A3BE31" box="[648,921,807,833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFD36F974E101BE31" box="[648,827,807,833]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="semicontorta" status="sp. nov.">C. semicontorta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235151B2049FF8AFCFCF974E1A3BE31" box="[834,921,807,832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
The size of conidia in other crustose species in the basal groups of 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFEDFF918E3EDBE14" box="[353,471,843,869]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFEDFF918E3EDBE14" box="[353,471,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Circinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
falls within the range of 4–11 μm. These characters may indicate closer relationships of these two species with vagrant representatives of 
<taxonomicName id="4C720FF12049FF8AFD19F93CE127BEF8" box="[679,797,879,905]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Circinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pertusariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFD19F93CE127BEF8" box="[679,797,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Circinaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and imply the necessity of using the multi-locus phylogeny to reveal their position in the tree of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36827F92049FF8AFF03F9E5E798B9F5" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCD74722049FF8AFF03F9E5E798B9F5" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1157]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
<materialsCitation id="3B1A7E2F2049FF8AFF03F9E5E749BE85" collectingDate="2020-09-09" collectionCode="LAH" collectorName="Habib &amp; A. N. Khalid" country="Pakistan" elevation="1811" location="Razika Seo Valley" municipality="Kohistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="LAH38221" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B906A8602049FF8AFF03F9E5E0F1BEA1" bold="true" box="[189,715,950,976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">
Additional specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="54C9CAD02049FF8AFDFFF9E5E084BEA1" box="[577,702,950,976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F36534E22049FF8AFD6FF9E5E165BEA1" box="[721,863,950,976]" name="Pakistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49B6BA902049FF8AFCD9F9E5E666BEA1" box="[871,1116,950,976]" country="Pakistan" name="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA9EE082049FF8AFBDBF9E5E6F5BEA1" box="[1125,1231,950,976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Kohistan</collectingMunicipality>
: 
<location id="8EAD22A92049FF8AFB69F9E5E79DBEA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DBC564204CFF8AFF36FFE7E798B9F5:8EAD22A92049FF8AFB69F9E5E79DBEA1" box="[1239,1447,950,976]" country="Pakistan" municipality="Kohistan" name="Razika Seo Valley" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Razika Seo Valley</location>
, on siliceous rocks, 
<elevation id="005F93412049FF8AFEE0F989E3CFBE85" box="[350,501,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.811" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="1811.0">
<quantity id="4C8AD9972049FF8AFEE0F989E383BE84" box="[350,441,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.811" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="1811.0">1,811 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 35 
<superScript id="7C07D93A2049FF8AFDA0F989E01CBE99" attach="none" box="[542,550,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">o</superScript>
26ʹN 73 
<superScript id="7C07D93A2049FF8AFDC1F989E0BDBE99" attach="left" box="[639,647,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">o</superScript>
27ʹE, 
<date id="FFCC52B22049FF8AFD72F989E169BE85" box="[716,851,986,1012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" value="2020-09-09">
<collectingDate id="EF88AB5A2049FF8AFD72F989E169BE85" box="[716,851,986,1012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" value="2020-09-09">9 Sep. 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, K. 
<collectorName id="268711A42049FF8AFC3EF989E1FEBE85" box="[896,964,986,1012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Habib</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="268711A42049FF8AFC59F989E64ABE85" box="[999,1136,986,1012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">A.N. Khalid</collectorName>
KH-210 (
<specimenCode id="DBD4DC092049FF8AFB5FF989E75DBE85" box="[1249,1383,986,1012]" collectionCode="LAH" country="Pakistan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14637" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14637" name="University of the Punjab" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">LAH38221</specimenCode>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1A7E2F2049FF8AFAC4F988E375B969" collectingDate="2020-09-09" collectionCode="LAH" collectorName="Habib &amp; A. N. Khalid" country="Pakistan" elevation="1811" location="Razika Seo Valley" municipality="Kohistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="LAH38219" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">
KH-201 (
<specimenCode id="DBD4DC092049FF8AFF7FF9ADE37DB969" box="[193,327,1022,1048]" collectionCode="LAH" country="Pakistan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14637" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14637" name="University of the Punjab" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">LAH38219</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B1A7E2F2049FF8AFEE4F9ADE141B94D" collectingDate="2019-07-21" collectionCode="LAH" collectorName="Azad Jammu &amp; Kashmir &amp; A. N. Khalid &amp; K. Habib" country="Pakistan" elevation="2200" latitude="34.833332" location="Kel" longLatPrecision="1197" longitude="74.36667" municipality="Neelam Valley" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="LAH36686" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="268711A42049FF8AFEE4F9ADE3D7B968" box="[346,493,1022,1049]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Azad Jammu</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="268711A42049FF8AFDAEF9ADE04FB969" box="[528,629,1022,1048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Kashmir</collectorName>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA9EE082049FF8AFD3EF9ADE111B969" box="[640,811,1022,1048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Neelam Valley</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EAD22A92049FF8AFC88F9ADE15BB969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DBC564204CFF8AFF36FFE7E798B9F5:8EAD22A92049FF8AFC88F9ADE15BB969" box="[822,865,1022,1048]" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.833332" longLatPrecision="1197" longitude="74.36667" municipality="Neelam Valley" name="Kel" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Kel</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4612B52049FF8AFCD3F9ADE1EAB968" box="[877,976,1022,1049]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" precision="925" value="34.833332">34°50' N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4612B52049FF8AFC69F9ADE603B968" box="[983,1081,1022,1049]" degrees="74" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" precision="925" value="74.36667">74°22' E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C8AD9972049FF8AFBFBF9ADE6A0B968" box="[1093,1178,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="2200.0">
<elevation id="005F93412049FF8AFBFBF9ADE6A0B968" box="[1093,1178,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l, on siliceous rocks, 
<date id="FFCC52B22049FF8AFF36FE71E31CB94D" box="[136,294,1058,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" value="2019-07-21">
<collectingDate id="EF88AB5A2049FF8AFF36FE71E31CB94D" box="[136,294,1058,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" value="2019-07-21">July 21, 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="268711A42049FF8AFE8DFE71E3FCB94D" box="[307,454,1058,1085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">A. N. Khalid</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="268711A42049FF8AFDBEFE70E051B94D" box="[512,619,1058,1085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">K. Habib</collectorName>
, KSH-17, (
<specimenCode id="DBD4DC092049FF8AFD53FE71E149B94D" box="[749,883,1058,1084]" collectionCode="LAH" country="Pakistan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14637" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14637" name="University of the Punjab" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" type="Herbarium">LAH36686</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B1A7E2F2049FF8AFC36FE71E6F2B911" collectingDate="2020-08-29" country="Pakistan" elevation="2001" latitude="35.883335" location="Kalam valley" longLatPrecision="1190" longitude="72.816666" municipality="Swat District" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA9EE082049FF8AFC36FE71E625B94D" box="[904,1055,1058,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Swat District</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EAD22A92049FF8AFB92FE71E6F2B94D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DBC564204CFF8AFF36FFE7E798B9F5:8EAD22A92049FF8AFB92FE71E6F2B94D" box="[1068,1224,1058,1084]" country="Pakistan" latitude="35.883335" longLatPrecision="1190" longitude="72.816666" municipality="Swat District" name="Kalam valley" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Kalam valley</location>
: 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4612B52049FF8AFB6AFE71E703B94C" box="[1236,1337,1058,1085]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" precision="925" value="35.883335">35°53' N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4612B52049FF8AFAFCFE71E79CB94C" box="[1346,1446,1058,1085]" degrees="72" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" precision="925" value="72.816666">72°49' E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity id="4C8AD9972049FF8AFF36FE15E2DDB910" box="[136,231,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.001" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="2001.0">
<elevation id="005F93412049FF8AFF36FE15E2DDB910" box="[136,231,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.001" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="2001.0">2,001 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l, on siliceous rocks, 
<date id="FFCC52B22049FF8AFDB2FE15E0F2B911" box="[524,712,1094,1120]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" value="2020-08-29">
<collectingDate id="EF88AB5A2049FF8AFDB2FE15E0F2B911" box="[524,712,1094,1120]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" value="2020-08-29">29 August 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, A.N. Khalid, S. Asghar &amp; K. Habib SL-07
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B1A7E2F2049FF8AFB69FE15E798B9F5" collectingDate="2019-06-15" country="Pakistan" elevation="2" latitude="34.833332" location="Heryankot" longitude="72.3" municipality="District Malakand" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA9EE082049FF8AFB69FE15E79DB911" box="[1239,1447,1094,1120]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">District Malakand</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EAD22A92049FF8AFF36FE39E33BB9F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DBC564204CFF8AFF36FFE7E798B9F5:8EAD22A92049FF8AFF36FE39E33BB9F5" box="[136,257,1130,1156]" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.833332" municipality="District Malakand" name="Heryankot" pageId="6" pageNumber="130">Heryankot</location>
, 34°50' N 71°90' E; on siliceous rocks, 
<quantity id="4C8AD9972049FF8AFD02FE39E122B9F4" box="[700,792,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.598" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="1.598">
<elevation id="005F93412049FF8AFD02FE39E122B9F4" box="[700,792,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.598" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="1.598">1,598 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a. s. l., 
<date id="FFCC52B22049FF8AFCD1FE38E635B9F5" box="[879,1039,1130,1157]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" value="2019-06-15">
<collectingDate id="EF88AB5A2049FF8AFCD1FE38E635B9F5" box="[879,1039,1130,1157]" pageId="6" pageNumber="130" value="2019-06-15">June 15, 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, HM-10, Hira Wahab, (Bot-20171).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>