plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/E9/E5/84/E9E5846F05C2504DA198281FFB484D5F.xml
maintenance 832aab0d96 added E9
2024-06-21 12:56:13 +02:00

393 lines
31 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.73.34262" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8e192909-1065-41e1-bd09-19315107706b" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-73-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="06CDB5D1E56257378698411798CF0F52" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3553257" ModsDocID="1314-2607-73-103" checkinTime="1574358787418" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rajmohana, Keloth, Sachin, James P., Talamas, Elijah J., Shamyasree, Mukundan S., Jalali, S. K. &amp; Rakshit, Ojha" docDate="2019" docId="E9E5846F05C2504DA198281FFB484D5F" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 73: 103-123" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 73" docPubDate="2019-11-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.73.34262" docTitle="Paratelenomus anu Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="06CDB5D1E56257378698411798CF0F52" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="06CDB5D1E56257378698411798CF0F52" masterDocTitle="Paratelenomus anu Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae): description and biology of a new species of phoretic egg parasitoid of Megacopta cribraria (Fab.) (Hemiptera, Plataspidae)" masterLastPageNumber="123" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1678753356629" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Paratelenomus anu Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae): description and biology of a new species of phoretic egg parasitoid of Megacopta cribraria (Fab.) (Hemiptera, Plataspidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rajmohana, Keloth</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Survey of India, P. O New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sachin, James P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research Department of Zoology, Malabar Christian College, Calicut- 673001, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Talamas, Elijah J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-6345</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">billy.jenkins@GMAIL.COM</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shamyasree, Mukundan S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research Department of Zoology, Malabar Christian College, Calicut- 673001, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jalali, S. K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore 560024, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rakshit, Ojha</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore 560024, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2019-11-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>73</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>103</mods:start>
<mods:end>123</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.73.34262</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.73.34262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-73-103</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">06CDB5D1E56257378698411798CF0F52</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3553257</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160511135" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B367648F-1696-4487-883D-4CD455D316B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E9E5846F05C2504DA198281FFB484D5F" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B367648F-1696-4487-883D-4CD455D316B0" authority="Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas" authorityName="Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus anu" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anu" status="sp. nov.">Paratelenomus anu Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="103">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–3" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 3. 1 Megacopta cribraria with phoretic Paratelenomus anu 2 female of P. anu on eggs of M. cribraria 3 individuals of P. anu prior to emergence from eggs of M. cribraria." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.73.34262.figures1-3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356087" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figures 1-3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–8" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 4 - 8. Paratelenomus anu 4 female (FSCA 00090272) mesosoma, dorsal view 5 holotype female (ZSI / WGRS / I. R-INV. 5069) lateral habitus 6 female paratype (CNC 494970), head, mesosoma, metasoma, dorsal view 7 female paratype (FSCA 00090272), head, anterior view 8 female paratype (CNC 494969), head and mesosoma, lateral view. Scale bars: in millimeters." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.73.34262.figures4-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356088" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">, 4-8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Body length. Female: 0.65-0.71mm. Male: 0.66-0.68mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Color.</emphasis>
Body black to honey brown; first metasomal tergite slightly xanthic, weakly contrasting with posterior metasomal segments; antenna and legs yellow to brown; wings hyaline; wing venation brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Head.</emphasis>
Frons mostly smooth with coriaceous sculpture dorsally; central keel attenuated dorsally, not bifurcating around median ocellus; submedian carina absent; orbital carina present; a single row of equidistant setae present along orbital carina; gena dorsally coriaceous, as on vertex, but smooth toward mandibular articulation; occipital carina incomplete medially; crenulae arising from occipital carina short; labrum pentagonal, slightly more than 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than long, apex bidentate medially; antennal clava 4-merous; claval formula A11-A8: 1-2-2-1; A5 in males with tyloid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Notauli absent to weakly present posteriorly; mesoscutum with coriaceous sculpture; parapsidal lines present; mesoscutal humeral sulcus and mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus indicated by cells; transscutellar articulation narrowed medially, wider and crenulate laterally; foveae of posterior mesoscutellar sulcus of uniform size; mesoscutellum abutting mesoscutum medially; disc of mesoscutellum semicircular, with coriaceous sculpture; setal bases on mesoscutellum simple, not pustulate; metascutellum rugulose; mesopleural carina absent; intercoxal space narrow, not completely occluded by postacetabular and mesopleural epicoxal sulci; acetabular field small, finely setose, and coriaceous; episternal fovea present; femoral depression weakly indicated; prespecular sulcus present; metapleural triangle present; metapleural carina present; paracoxal sulcus absent; posterodorsal metapleural sulcus present.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3553271" doi="10.3897/jhr.73.34262.figures4-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356088" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figures 4–8" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figures 4-8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus anu" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratelenomus anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">4</emphasis>
female (FSCA 00090272) mesosoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">5</emphasis>
holotype female (ZSI/WGRS/I.R-INV.5069) lateral habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">6</emphasis>
female paratype (CNC494970), head, mesosoma, metasoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">7</emphasis>
female paratype (FSCA 00090272), head, anterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">8</emphasis>
female paratype (CNC494969), head and mesosoma, lateral view. Scale bars: in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Metasoma.</emphasis>
T1 longitudinally costate, with two lateral setae; T2 striate, striae absent in lateral and posterior portions of tergite.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Male.</emphasis>
Similar to female, except antennae filiform and metasoma with 8 external tergites and 7 external sternites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus anu" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratelenomus anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not fully follow either lead of the first couplet in the key to species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dodd" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratelenomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent128273-2" author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="273 - 291" refId="B22" refString="Johnson, NF, 1996. Revision of world species of Paratelenomus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The Canadian Entomologist 128: 273 - 291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent128273-2" title="Revision of world species of Paratelenomus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent128273-2" volume="128" year="1996">Johnson (1996)</bibRefCitation>
because the notauli are weakly present at the posterior margin of the metasoma (best seen in anterodorsal view) and may appear absent. Otherwise,
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. anu" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
matches the second lead based on the medially narrowed transscutal articulation and the presence of just two lateral setae on T1. By following the second lead of the couplet one would arrive at
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saccharalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="saccharalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. saccharalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is morphologically very similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. anu" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They can be separated by the notaulus, which is well developed in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saccharalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="saccharalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. saccharalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and extends for more than half the length of the mesoscutum; the central keel, which does not bifurcate around the median ocellus in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. anu" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and the interorbital space, which in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. anu" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 1.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
eye height and in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saccharalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="saccharalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. saccharalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly less than eye height.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The species is named '
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus anu" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratelenomus anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
' because of its small size. (In Sanskrit '
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus anu" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anu">
Paratelenomus
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
' is the equivalent for the smallest unit of matter). The name is treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-06-09" collectorName="J. Sachin" country="INDIA" location="Providence College" municipality="Malapparamba" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
, female:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectingCountry name="India">INDIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion country="India" name="Kerala">Kerala</collectingRegion>
St.,
<collectingMunicipality>Malapparamba</collectingMunicipality>
, near
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E9E5846F05C2504DA198281FFB484D5F:9E03493EFBC9BFF60049F03B8C508673" country="INDIA" municipality="Malapparamba" name="Providence College" stateProvince="Kerala">Providence College</location>
,
<collectingDate value="2015-06-09">9.VI.2015</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>J. Sachin</collectorName>
, ZSI/WGRS/I.R-INV.5069 (deposited in ZSIC)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" country="INDIA" location="INDIA" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-female="17" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<collectingCountry name="India">INDIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount type="female">17 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, CNC494969-494970 (CNCI); 21987/H3-21999/H3 (ZSIC); ZSI/WGRS/I.R-INV.5070-5073 (ZSIC)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
A central keel that dorsally bifurcates around the medial ocellus was listed by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent128273-2" author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="273 - 291" refId="B22" refString="Johnson, NF, 1996. Revision of world species of Paratelenomus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The Canadian Entomologist 128: 273 - 291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent128273-2" title="Revision of world species of Paratelenomus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent128273-2" volume="128" year="1996">Johnson (1996)</bibRefCitation>
as a generic character for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dodd" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratelenomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and was used to distinguish it from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Psix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Psix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kozlov &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lê">Le</normalizedToken>
. In
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. anu" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the central keel dorsally attenuates and does not bifurcate around the median ocellus and thus this character does not unambiguously separate
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Psix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Psix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dodd" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratelenomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although it remains useful for identifying other species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dodd" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratelenomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The other characters presented by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent128273-2" author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="273 - 291" refId="B22" refString="Johnson, NF, 1996. Revision of world species of Paratelenomus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The Canadian Entomologist 128: 273 - 291, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent128273-2" title="Revision of world species of Paratelenomus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent128273-2" volume="128" year="1996">Johnson (1996)</bibRefCitation>
remain valid for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dodd" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratelenomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and it is based on these that we are confident in the generic placement of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. anu" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: head and mesosoma without rugose-reticulate sculpture; mandibles narrow, sicklelike, unidentate and broadly overlapping; paracoxal and metapleural sulci absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="sequence analysis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Sequence analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The CO1 sequence of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus anu" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratelenomus anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(KT896660.1) was analyzed using the online BLAST tool of NCBI for comparison with other sequences in the GenBank database. We found
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. anu" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed 85% sequence identity with
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saccharalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="saccharalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. saccharalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(KC778442.1) with 520/628 identities, and 7 gaps that accounted for about 1% of the total alignment length. This degree of sequence divergence is congruent with treatment of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. saccharalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="saccharalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. saccharalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. anu" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as separate species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="parasitism">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Parasitism.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The host eggs collected from all locations contained both parasitized and unparasitized eggs. In the laboratory,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. cribraria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribraria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">M. cribraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nymphs emerged from almost all unparasitized eggs within five days of collection, while the parasitoids emerged within 11-13 days. Male wasps were usually the first to emerge and remained on the egg mass for emergence of the females, with which they immediately mated for 12-15 sec. Following copulation, males continued waiting for the emergence of additional females. Among all the egg batches collected, the maximum number of males that emerged from an egg mass was four. Each egg mass had an average of 22.97
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
6.41 eggs. The percent emergence of male and female parasitoids was 10.3 % and 63.2 % whereas the remainder (26.4%) were nymphs. This female-biased sex ratio enhances the potential of this parasitoid to be developed as a biocontrol agent against
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. cribraria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribraria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">M. cribraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ode, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Wiley-Blackwell, Malden" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B43" refString="Ode, PJ, Hardy, IC, 2008. Parasitoid Sex Ratios and Biological Control. In: Wajnberg, Bernstein, van Alphen (Eds) Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden" title="Parasitoid Sex Ratios and Biological Control. In: Wajnberg, Bernstein, van Alphen (Eds) Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids." year="2008">Ode and Hardy 2008</bibRefCitation>
) (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of emergence rates of Megacopta cribraria nymphs and adults of Paratelenomus anu from laboratory-reared and field-collected egg masses. Percentages in parentheses are based on total number of eggs." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC1F198A10EDED56A014EDB74E61851F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="EC1F198A10EDED56A014EDB74E61851F">2</tableCitation>
). It was also observed in the laboratory that, immediately after mating, the parasitoid females mounted the dorsal abdomen of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. cribraria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribraria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">M. cribraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the vicinity and remained phoretic.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="EC1F198A10EDED56A014EDB74E61851F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC1F198A10EDED56A014EDB74E61851F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Table 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of emergence rates of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Plataspidae" genus="Megacopta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megacopta cribraria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cribraria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Megacopta cribraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nymphs and adults of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rajmohana, Sachin &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Paratelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratelenomus anu" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Paratelenomus anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from laboratory-reared and field-collected egg masses. Percentages in parentheses are based on total number of eggs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Locations</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1"># of egg masses</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">total # of eggs</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">total # of nymphs emerged</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">
total # of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. anu" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="anu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">P. anu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
emerged
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">total # of male egg parasitoids emerged</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">total # of female egg parasitoids emerged</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">total # of unhatched eggs</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Laboratory</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">31</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">686</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">52 (7.58%)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">521 (75.95%)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">67 (9.77%)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">454 (66.18%)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">165 (24.05%)</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">Field</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">64</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">1473</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">153 (10.39%)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">1086 (73.73%)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">150 (10.18%)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">936 (63.54%)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rowspan="1">387 (26.27%)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="parasitoid efficiency">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Parasitoid efficiency.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
The parasitism rate was 73.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
7.3% for field-collected egg masses and 75.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.5% for egg masses reared in the laboratory. Among the parasitized egg masses, nymph emergence was 10.39% for field-collected eggs and 7.58% in the laboratory (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of emergence rates of Megacopta cribraria nymphs and adults of Paratelenomus anu from laboratory-reared and field-collected egg masses. Percentages in parentheses are based on total number of eggs." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EC1F198A10EDED56A014EDB74E61851F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" tableUuid="EC1F198A10EDED56A014EDB74E61851F">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink