530 lines
63 KiB
XML
530 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="B48F5661A7369D636917DB817E6D2C3F" ID-CLB-Dataset="46435" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7249bd59-2ebc-473c-b78c-068b419991f8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="226524" ID-ZooBank="C16A4648-C604-40A9-AAE2-C3357FD691AF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460384621359" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Müller, Andreas & Trunz, Vincent" docDate="2014" docId="5F14F56C5E03FFC545DCFE4CFB20C10D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03765p186.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3765 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hofferia" docType="key" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="A32D8D145E02FFC7454BFFB3FFAEC436" masterDocTitle="Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species" masterLastPageNumber="186" masterPageNumber="175" pageNumber="176" updateTime="1698297329293" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A0767A433C16C84BB99C7A014B617A07" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DC3BC79C470E9E72C327FBA3F062A0DA">
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<mods:title id="9E364312826196EEEA4A3D368931B816">Palaearctic osmiine bees of the genera Hofferia and Stenoheriades (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B57B4E77A24F5AACF87025F8F9164FE8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E642940F9F078CDC0EC5651727A4D9B1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3D3CD7D6080532E74460D49AE91FF8AF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A1CE22A65D38710A9B2520A5ABAC6044">Müller, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="502EA342CD9812FC2C197E4159728B48">ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Biocommunication and Entomology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9 / LFO, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2DC551A646252242091EB12EDF59C62D" type="email">andreas.mueller@usys.ethz.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1B7BD9186F6A9E0B575F5C5C6F11BC05" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="82BD8DEC12F742BE92D39D0BE282F492">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5B4B3BEE6576319FC09E3CBC9DE777FA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D14D6AD4DD49331D93465A6BED181AD9">Trunz, Vincent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="84194E4A90DC40BF28F947BD1FDBCBA7">University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Evolutive Entomology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0FAFF765930EFDC219567B1D983598CB" type="email">vincent.trunz@unine.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo id="882C634741EADA8C1A4F20558282584C">
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<mods:title id="24095A9F95FAFB22F123CDB76773D3E4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="35CA8D8272D78C7919154E03A36EB56A">
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<mods:date id="73EA0744CC3153329706B9BEF6DC1684">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7F993FB20973B5C31748B26E437A6EDC" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="ABFE574E4FF1C9A542DB6C0B0E61A278">2014-02-17</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="68F0ACA46737549C21B47B2015A87344" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="17AA1AF31648E7D11C0E2B079D3DF399">3765</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="C0F32AC80C178CA1B20A5BF83DA9CDAD" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BDA93D5BC089D52FEE076CD7CEE2F249">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="32FCE33374627176893C863F4EF1BC0D">175</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="472A89F71F63671DBECD2293BBE706C8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="626808CFA651FD9383661B20AC82243D" type="CLB-Dataset">46435</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="86DAE111EAF61733C3BDCD9F5D7A0FA5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3765.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D1BC55ACE5D47FAD08B118A473B34692" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="935B6555D29CFB60A7415CA09107AB6B" type="Zenodo-Dep">226524</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5F14F56C5E03FFC545DCFE4CFB20C10D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6308315" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193311990" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6308315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F14F56C5E03FFC545DCFE4CFB20C10D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F14F56C5E03FFC545DCFE4CFB20C10D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<subSection id="BE325D915E03FFC545DCFE4CFBB5C5A1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="9FA717F15E03FFC645DCFE4CFC8FC62E" box="[151,801,511,536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCFE4CFC8FC62E" blockId="1.[151,801,511,536]" box="[151,801,511,536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<heading id="8C4AF3165E03FFC645DCFE4CFC8FC62E" bold="true" box="[151,801,511,536]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC645DCFE4CFC8FC62E" bold="true" box="[151,801,511,536]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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Morphological diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC644AAFE4CFDEAC62E" ID-CoL="4XRJ" authority="Tkalců" box="[481,580,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC644AAFE4CFDEAC62E" bold="true" box="[481,580,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Hofferia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64734FE4CFC8FC62E" authority="Tkalců" box="[639,801,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64734FE4CFC8FC62E" bold="true" box="[639,801,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FA717F15E03FFC645DCFDF4FB59C69E" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCFDF4FB59C69E" blockId="1.[151,1436,583,680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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Both
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC6459EFDFBFE9AC656" box="[213,308,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC6459EFDFBFE9AC656" box="[213,308,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Hofferia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64427FDF4FDA4C656" box="[364,522,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64427FDF4FDA4C656" box="[364,522,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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strongly resemble species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64686FDF4FB14C656" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[973,1210,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64686FDF4FBFDC656" box="[973,1107,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Chelostoma</emphasis>
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Latreille
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</taxonomicName>
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due to their slender and elongate body form. The following key, which is tailored to the Palaearctic representatives of the
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64070FDDFFA36C6B3" box="[1339,1432,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Osmiini">Osmiini</taxonomicName>
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, delimits
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC645B3FD23FEF9C69E" box="[248,343,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC645B3FD23FEF9C69E" box="[248,343,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Hofferia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC644C6FD3CFD84C69E" box="[397,554,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC644C6FD3CFD84C69E" box="[397,554,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64724FD3CFD5BC69E" box="[623,757,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64724FD3CFD5BC69E" box="[623,757,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Chelostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the other Palaearctic osmiine bee genera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FA717F15E03FFC545DCFD64FBB5C5A1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" type="key">
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<key id="A32C134B5E03FFC545DCFD64FBB5C5A1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<keyStep id="6C495CDF5E03FFC645DCFD64FA35C78C" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCFD64FA3FC7AA" blockId="1.[151,1437,727,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E03FFC645DCFD64FA3FC7AA" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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1 Segment 3 of the labial palpus continues the axis of segment 2, whereas segment 4 projects laterally..........................................................................................
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64151FD47FA3BC73C" bold="true" box="[1050,1429,756,778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64151FD47FB21C73C" ID-CoL="62M68" box="[1050,1167,756,778]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64151FD47FB21C73C" bold="true" box="[1050,1167,756,778]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Chelostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group: genus
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC6406BFD47FA3BC73C" ID-CoL="62M68" box="[1312,1429,756,778]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC6406BFD47FA3BC73C" box="[1312,1429,756,778]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Chelostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC645AAFCA1FE02C711" ID-CoL="62M68" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[225,428,786,807]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chelostoma Latreille</taxonomicName>
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contains 45 described Palaearctic species. Body length
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<quantity id="1045E99F5E03FFC64684FCA1FB86C711" box="[975,1064,786,807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="4.0">4–15mm</quantity>
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. Body slender and elongate.
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64008FCA1FA35C711" box="[1347,1435,786,807]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Females:</emphasis>
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Mandible usually fringed with long hairs along upper margin. Labrum without tuft of long erect hairs. Clypeus without sharp preapical ridge. Sternum 6 apically without distinct spine-like projection.
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC646E3FCFEFC44C754" box="[936,1002,845,866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Males:</emphasis>
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Tergum 6 without preapical ridge. Tergum 7 with large basal depression or pit, its apical margin bidentate, tripartite, medially incised, truncated or rounded. Sternum 1 not prolonged. Sternum 2 with median projection of different shape. Posterior margin of sternum 5 usually with comb of bristles.
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCFC16FA35C78C" blockId="1.[151,1437,727,2010]" box="[151,1435,933,954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E03FFC645DCFC16FA35C78C" box="[151,1435,933,954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">1* Both segments 3 and 4 of the labial palpus project laterally..................................................... 2</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="6C495CDF5E03FFC645DCFC71FA35C019" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCFC71FA35C7C2" blockId="1.[151,1437,727,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E03FFC645DCFC71FA35C7C2" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">2 Basal zone of propodeum horizontal to faintly slanting, short, sharply ridged and with distinct transverse carina along its posterior margin........................................................................................... 3</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCFC4EFA35C019" blockId="1.[151,1437,727,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E03FFC645DCFC4EFA35C019" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">2* Basal zone of propodeum of different inclination, length or structure, but usually not distinctly carinated posteriorly; if carinated, declivous part of tergum 1 not separated from horizontal part by raised carina................................ 5</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="6C495CDF5E03FFC645DCFB84FA35C1FC" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCFB84FAE9C144" blockId="1.[151,1437,727,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E03FFC645DCFB84FAE9C144" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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3 Declivous part of tergum 1 separated from horizontal part by indistinct rounded ridge. Proboscis long, reaching beyond coxa of fore leg when folded together; total length of first and second segments of labial palpus almost as long as maximal length of mesosoma. Body length usually longer than
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<quantity id="1045E99F5E03FFC647C7FBC1FD7CC0B1" box="[652,722,1138,1159]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5mm</quantity>
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.................................
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64117FBC1FA35C0BE" bold="true" box="[1116,1435,1138,1160]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64117FBC1FB18C0BE" ID-CoL="4VSY" box="[1116,1206,1138,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64117FBC1FB18C0BE" bold="true" box="[1116,1206,1138,1160]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Heriades</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group: genus
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC6400CFBC1FA35C0BE" ID-CoL="4XRJ" box="[1351,1435,1138,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC6400CFBC1FA35C0BE" box="[1351,1435,1138,1160]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Hofferia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC645AAFB3CFED2C092" ID-CoL="4XRJ" authority="Tkalcu" authorityName="Tkalcu" box="[225,380,1167,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hofferia Tkalců</taxonomicName>
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contains 2 described Palaearctic species. Body length
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<quantity id="1045E99F5E03FFC646C6FB3CFBA4C092" box="[909,1034,1167,1188]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–10.5mm</quantity>
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. Body slender and elongate,
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<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC6406AFB3CFA3AC092" ID-CoL="62M68" box="[1313,1428,1167,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC6406AFB3CFA3AC092" box="[1313,1428,1167,1188]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Chelostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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- like.
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<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC6445BFB1EFEC7C0F4" box="[272,361,1197,1218]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Females:</emphasis>
|
||
Head very robust, maximal width of genal area distinctly wider than compound eye. Mandible long and slender, not fringed with long hairs along upper margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC647E7FB79FCA6C0E9" box="[684,776,1226,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1332]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4: Hofferia mauritanica, head of female. 5: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, head of female. 6: Hofferia mauritanica, sternum 1 of male. 7: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, sternum 1 of male. 8: Stenoheriades eingeddica, head of female. 9: Stenoheriades eingeddica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226526/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Figs. 4, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labrum without tuft of long erect hairs. Apical half of clypeus bent at right angles and separated from basal half by sharp preapical ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC646CAFB54FC73C0CA" box="[897,989,1255,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1332]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4: Hofferia mauritanica, head of female. 5: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, head of female. 6: Hofferia mauritanica, sternum 1 of male. 7: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, sternum 1 of male. 8: Stenoheriades eingeddica, head of female. 9: Stenoheriades eingeddica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226526/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Figs. 4, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternum 6 medioapically with distinct spinelike projection.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC6443CFAB6FE17C12C" box="[375,441,1285,1306]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Males:</emphasis>
|
||
Tergum 6 with preapical transverse ridge, which is irregularly denticulate. Tergum 7 without large basal depression or pit, its apical margin truncated and projecting medially. Sternum 1 prolonged, basally bulging and apically with flat appendix of rectangular to quadrate shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC647EAFA8CFD52C162" box="[673,764,1343,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1332]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4: Hofferia mauritanica, head of female. 5: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, head of female. 6: Hofferia mauritanica, sternum 1 of male. 7: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, sternum 1 of male. 8: Stenoheriades eingeddica, head of female. 9: Stenoheriades eingeddica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226526/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Figs. 6, 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternum 2 without median projection. Sternum 5 covered with transversally oriented yellowish hairs; its apical margin without comb of bristles, laterally with tuft of yellowish-red hairs.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCFAC9FA35C1FC" blockId="1.[151,1437,727,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E03FFC645DCFAC9FA35C1FC" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
3* Declivous part of tergum 1 distinctly separated from horizontal part by sharp and raised carina. Proboscis short, not reaching coxa of fore leg when folded together; total length of first and second segments of labial palpus distinctly shorter than maximal length of mesosoma. Body length not exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="1045E99F5E03FFC647FEFA06FD44C1FC" box="[693,746,1461,1482]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="8.0">8mm</quantity>
|
||
......................................................... 4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="6C495CDF5E03FFC645DCFA61FCA6C38A" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCFA61FD06C282" blockId="1.[151,1437,727,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E03FFC645DCFA61FD06C282" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<specimenCount id="C1BB8FF35E03FFC645DCFA61FE9BC1D1" box="[151,309,1490,1511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" type="female">
|
||
4
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC645AAFA61FE9BC1D1" box="[225,309,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Females</emphasis>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
: Clypeus medioapically with short and narrowly rectangular projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC646A5FA61FB9DC1D1" box="[1006,1075,1490,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 15. 10" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1356,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1334]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 15. 10: Stenoheriades maroccana, head of female. 11: Stenoheriades coelostoma, mandibles of female. 12: Stenoheriades levantica, mandibles of female. 13: Stenoheriades asiatica, clypeus and labral base of female. 14: Stenoheriades levantica, clypeus and labral base of female. Figure 15: Stenoheriades levantica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226527/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) or more or less semicircular impression (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC6445DFA5CFE25C232" box="[278,395,1519,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 15. 10" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1356,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1334]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 15. 10: Stenoheriades maroccana, head of female. 11: Stenoheriades coelostoma, mandibles of female. 12: Stenoheriades levantica, mandibles of female. 13: Stenoheriades asiatica, clypeus and labral base of female. 14: Stenoheriades levantica, clypeus and labral base of female. Figure 15: Stenoheriades levantica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226527/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Figs. 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
); if apical margin of clypeus is straight, interantennal area with two raised carinae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC641E0FA5CFB4BC232" box="[1195,1253,1519,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1332]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4: Hofferia mauritanica, head of female. 5: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, head of female. 6: Hofferia mauritanica, sternum 1 of male. 7: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, sternum 1 of male. 8: Stenoheriades eingeddica, head of female. 9: Stenoheriades eingeddica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226526/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC641BCFA5CFA94C232" box="[1271,1338,1519,1540]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Males:</emphasis>
|
||
Tergum 6 with preapical transverse ridge, which is denticulate or has two median teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC6469FF9BEFBB7C214" box="[980,1049,1549,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1332]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4: Hofferia mauritanica, head of female. 5: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, head of female. 6: Hofferia mauritanica, sternum 1 of male. 7: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, sternum 1 of male. 8: Stenoheriades eingeddica, head of female. 9: Stenoheriades eingeddica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226526/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC64168F9BEFB93C214" box="[1059,1085,1549,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 15. 10" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1356,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1334]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 15. 10: Stenoheriades maroccana, head of female. 11: Stenoheriades coelostoma, mandibles of female. 12: Stenoheriades levantica, mandibles of female. 13: Stenoheriades asiatica, clypeus and labral base of female. 14: Stenoheriades levantica, clypeus and labral base of female. Figure 15: Stenoheriades levantica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226527/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergum 7 strongly sclerotized, not hidden by tergum 6 and with two apical teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC647D4F999FD4AC209" box="[671,740,1578,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1353,1375]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1332]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4 – 9. 4: Hofferia mauritanica, head of female. 5: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, head of female. 6: Hofferia mauritanica, sternum 1 of male. 7: Hofferia schmiedeknechti, sternum 1 of male. 8: Stenoheriades eingeddica, head of female. 9: Stenoheriades eingeddica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226526/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC647A5F999FCA6C209" box="[750,776,1578,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 15. 10" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1356,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1334]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 15. 10: Stenoheriades maroccana, head of female. 11: Stenoheriades coelostoma, mandibles of female. 12: Stenoheriades levantica, mandibles of female. 13: Stenoheriades asiatica, clypeus and labral base of female. 14: Stenoheriades levantica, clypeus and labral base of female. Figure 15: Stenoheriades levantica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226527/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">15</figureCitation>
|
||
)......................
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC6416BF999FA38C276" bold="true" box="[1056,1430,1578,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC6416BF999FBD7C276" ID-CoL="4VSY" box="[1056,1145,1578,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC6416BF999FBD7C276" bold="true" box="[1056,1145,1578,1600]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Heriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group: genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64040F999FA38C276" ID-CoL="7MN8" box="[1291,1430,1578,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64040F999FA38C276" box="[1291,1430,1578,1600]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC645AAF9F4FE1FC26A" ID-CoL="7MN8" authority="Tkalcu" authorityName="Tkalcu" box="[225,433,1607,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenoheriades Tkalců</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains 5 described Palaearctic species. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="1045E99F5E03FFC646F4F9F4FBA5C26A" box="[959,1035,1607,1628]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body slender and elongate,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC6406AF9F4FA3AC26A" ID-CoL="62M68" box="[1313,1428,1607,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC6406AF9F4FA3AC26A" box="[1313,1428,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Chelostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- like. Axilla never spined.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64496F9D6FD98C24C" box="[477,566,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Females:</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum with preapical tuft of long erect hairs. Mandible basally strongly swollen in one species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E03FFC6447FF931FED4C2A1" box="[308,378,1666,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 10 – 15. 10" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1356,1378]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1334]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 10 – 15. 10: Stenoheriades maroccana, head of female. 11: Stenoheriades coelostoma, mandibles of female. 12: Stenoheriades levantica, mandibles of female. 13: Stenoheriades asiatica, clypeus and labral base of female. 14: Stenoheriades levantica, clypeus and labral base of female. Figure 15: Stenoheriades levantica, terga 5 – 7 of male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226527/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC644C7F931FE61C2A1" box="[396,463,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Males:</emphasis>
|
||
Metasoma moderately curved. Tergum 6 with distinct lateral flaps. Sternum 1 never prolonged. Last antennal segment never flattened or broadened.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCF90EFCA6C38A" blockId="1.[151,1437,727,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E03FFC645DCF90EFCA6C38A" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
4*
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC645AAF90EFE94C2E4" box="[225,314,1725,1746]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Females:</emphasis>
|
||
Apical margin of clypeus more or less straight or shallowly emarginated along its whole width, with or without small tooth-like projections. Interantennal area without raised carinae.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC6461DF969FC36C2D9" box="[854,920,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Males:</emphasis>
|
||
Tergum 6 without preapical transverse ridge (except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64448F944FD2AC33A" ID-CoL="6M3TN" box="[259,644,1783,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavicornis" subGenus="Rhopaloheriades">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64448F944FD2AC33A" box="[259,644,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Heriades (Rhopaloheriades) clavicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Tergum 7 weakly sclerotized and completely hidden by large tergum 6.................................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64119F8A7FA3BC31C" bold="true" box="[1106,1429,1812,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64119F8A7FB05C31C" ID-CoL="4VSY" box="[1106,1195,1812,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64119F8A7FB05C31C" bold="true" box="[1106,1195,1812,1834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Heriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group: genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC64077F8A7FA3BC31C" ID-CoL="4VSY" box="[1340,1429,1812,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64077F8A7FA3BC31C" box="[1340,1429,1812,1834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Heriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E03FFC645AAF881FE25C371" ID-CoL="4VSY" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[225,395,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heriades Spinola</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains 23 described Palaearctic species. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="1045E99F5E03FFC646F7F881FBA6C371" box="[956,1032,1842,1863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="176" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body moderately slender to moderately robust. Axilla spined in some species.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64720F8FCFD6AC352" box="[619,708,1871,1892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Females:</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum with preapical tuft of long erect hairs. Mandible basally never strongly swollen.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC644C5F8DEFE7EC3B4" box="[398,464,1901,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Males:</emphasis>
|
||
Metasoma strongly curved so that at most two sterna are exposed and apex of tergum 6 nearly contacts sternum 1 or 2. Tergum 6 without or with indistinct lateral flaps. Sternum 1 distinctly prolonged in one species. Last antennal segment flattened and broadened in one species.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<paragraph id="D702447A5E03FFC645DCF876FA33C3EC" blockId="1.[151,1437,727,2010]" box="[151,1437,1989,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E03FFC645DCF876FA33C3EC" box="[151,1437,1989,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<keyStep id="6C495CDF5E03FFC645DCF876FA33C3EC" box="[151,1437,1989,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">
|
||
5 Pronotal lobe with several minute transverse carinulae on its surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E03FFC64635F876FC79C3EC" box="[894,983,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="176">Females:</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum with preapical tuft of long erect hairs.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D702447A5E00FFC545AAFF24FA21C532" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E00FFC545AAFF24FA21C532" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<keyStep id="6C495CDF5E00FFC545AAFF24FA21C532" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC545AAFF24FE8DC49A" box="[225,291,151,172]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Males:</emphasis>
|
||
Tergum 7 weakly sclerotized and completely hidden by large tergum 6..........
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5410DFF24FA3BC49B" bold="true" box="[1094,1429,151,173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5410DFF24FB31C49B" ID-CoL="4VSY" box="[1094,1183,151,173]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5410DFF24FB31C49B" bold="true" box="[1094,1183,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Heriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group: genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5407BFF24FA3BC49B" ID-CoL="6XYJ" box="[1328,1429,151,173]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Protosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5407BFF24FA3BC49B" box="[1328,1429,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Protosmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC545AAFF06FE27C4FC" ID-CoL="6XYJ" authority="Ducke" authorityName="Ducke" box="[225,393,181,202]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Protosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protosmia Ducke</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains 22 described Palaearctic species. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="1045E99F5E00FFC546E1FF06FBA6C4FC" box="[938,1032,181,202]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="6.25" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–9mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body slender and elongate,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5406AFF06FA3AC4FC" ID-CoL="62M68" box="[1313,1428,181,202]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Chelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5406AFF06FA3AC4FC" box="[1313,1428,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Chelostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- like, to rather robust.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC544F9FF61FDA4C4D1" box="[434,522,210,231]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Females:</emphasis>
|
||
Metasoma red-coloured in some species.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC546EAFF61FC4DC4D1" box="[929,995,210,231]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Males:</emphasis>
|
||
Sternum 1 prolonged, bulged or with distinct projection. Tergum 6 with lateral flaps. In some species, antenna modified and gena ventrolaterally with longitudinal groove.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D702447A5E00FFC545DCFEBEFBB5C5A1" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<keyLead id="6C4CE74F5E00FFC545DCFEBEFBB5C5A1" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<keyStep id="6C495CDF5E00FFC545DCFEBEFBB5C5A1" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
5* Pronotal lobe usually without minute transverse carinulae on its surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC546D7FEBEFC5BC514" box="[924,1013,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Females:</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum without preapical tuft of long erect hairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54456FE99FECEC509" box="[285,352,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Males:</emphasis>
|
||
Tergum 7 strongly sclerotized and not hidden by large tergum 6 (except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54113FE99FB4CC509" ID-CoL="6SZY5" box="[1112,1250,298,319]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iberica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54113FE99FB4CC509" box="[1112,1250,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Osmia iberica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), albeit sometimes small.................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54617FEF4FA35C56B" bold="true" box="[860,1435,327,349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54617FEF4FC32C56B" ID-CoL="63GNP" box="[860,924,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54617FEF4FC32C56B" bold="true" box="[860,924,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Osmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group: genera
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54173FEF4FA35C56B" bold="true" box="[1080,1435,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54173FEF4FB0DC56B" ID-CoL="4SJK" box="[1080,1187,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Haetosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Haetosmia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC541E4FEF4FB50C56B" ID-CoL="4YKZ" box="[1199,1278,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplitis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54042FEF4FAE4C56B" ID-CoL="63GNP" box="[1289,1354,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Osmia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5401EFEF4FA35C56B" ID-CoL="63VPF" authority="The" authorityName="The" box="[1365,1435,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Wainia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Wainia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5441FFED6FDAFC54C" ID-CoL="4SJK" authority="Popov" authorityName="Popov" box="[340,513,357,378]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Haetosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5441FFED6FE12C54C" box="[340,444,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Haetosmia</emphasis>
|
||
Popov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54747FED6FD3DC54C" ID-CoL="4YKZ" authority="Klug" authorityName="Klug" box="[524,659,357,378]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hoplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54747FED6FDF7C54C" box="[524,601,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Hoplitis</emphasis>
|
||
Klug
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC547D5FED6FC8BC54C" ID-CoL="63GNP" authority="Panzer" authorityName="Panzer" box="[670,805,357,378]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC547D5FED6FD73C54C" box="[670,733,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Osmia</emphasis>
|
||
Panzer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5461DFED6FC4AC54C" ID-CoL="63VPF" authority="Tkalcu" authorityName="Tkalcu" box="[854,996,357,378]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Wainia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5461DFED6FC39C54C" box="[854,919,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Wainia</emphasis>
|
||
Tkalců
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contain about 500 described Palaearctic species. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="1045E99F5E00FFC544C5FE31FE48C5A1" box="[398,486,386,407]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="4.0">4–18mm</quantity>
|
||
. Very diverse in body shape, body colour and morphology.
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9FA717F15E00FFC545DCFE5BFB20C10D" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D702447A5E00FFC545DCFE5BFDC2C637" blockId="2.[151,620,487,514]" box="[151,620,487,514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<heading id="8C4AF3165E00FFC545DCFE5BFDC2C637" bold="true" box="[151,620,487,514]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC545DCFE5BFDC2C637" bold="true" box="[151,620,487,514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
Biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54457FE54FE2DC637" box="[284,387,487,513]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54457FE54FE2DC637" bold="true" box="[284,387,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Hofferia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54489FE54FDC2C637" box="[450,620,487,513]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54489FE54FDC2C637" bold="true" box="[450,620,487,513]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D702447A5E00FFC545DCFD9DFBA2C751" blockId="2.[151,1436,558,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
All species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54400FD9CFE04C671" box="[331,426,559,583]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54400FD9CFE04C671" box="[331,426,559,583]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Hofferia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC544A6FD9DFD25C671" box="[493,651,558,583]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC544A6FD9DFD25C671" box="[493,651,558,583]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a strong affinity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54681FD9CFBEBC671" box="[970,1093,559,583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as pollen hosts (see species accounts). Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54414FDE0FD13C65D" authority="Lucas" authorityName="Lucas" box="[351,701,595,619]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mauritanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54414FDE0FDF9C65D" box="[351,599,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Hofferia mauritanica</emphasis>
|
||
(Lucas)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5464EFDE7FB2BC65D" authority="Schletterer" authorityName="Schletterer" box="[773,1157,594,619]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmiedeknechti">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5464EFDE7FC47C65D" box="[773,1001,594,619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">H. schmiedeknechti</emphasis>
|
||
(Schletterer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are oligolectic on the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5445FFDC5FE0BC6B9" box="[276,421,630,655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Carduoideae">Carduoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only three pollen loads of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5467CFDC5FB7BC6B9" authority="Benoist" authorityName="Benoist" box="[823,1237,630,655]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maroccana">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5467CFDC5FBCEC6B8" box="[823,1120,630,655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades maroccana</emphasis>
|
||
(Benoist)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
available so far contained pollen of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54767FD29FD62C685" box="[556,716,666,691]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cichorioideae">Cichorioideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the four other Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5413FFD29FABCC685" box="[1140,1298,666,691]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5413FFD29FABCC685" box="[1140,1298,666,691]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are probably all strictly specialized on the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54784FD0DFCF7C6E1" box="[719,857,702,727]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asteroideae">Asteroideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interestingly, all but one pollen loads of the three closely related species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC544D3FD51FD5AC6CD" authority="Friese" authorityName="Friese" box="[408,756,738,763]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC544D3FD51FD38C6CD" box="[408,662,738,763]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades asiatica</emphasis>
|
||
(Friese)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5464AFD50FBA2C6CD" authority="Benoist" authorityName="Benoist" box="[769,1036,738,763]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coelostoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5464AFD50FC33C6CD" box="[769,925,738,763]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">S. coelostoma</emphasis>
|
||
(Benoist)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54109FD50FB6BC6CD" box="[1090,1221,738,763]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levantica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54109FD50FB6BC6CD" box="[1090,1221,738,763]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">S. levantica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FEFA25135E00FFC54187FD50FA95C6CC" box="[1228,1339,739,762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(n = 69) only contained pollen grains of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5477AFCB5FD37C729" box="[561,665,774,799]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Anthemis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5477AFCB5FD37C729" box="[561,665,774,799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Anthemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="0806FAD85E00FFC547E8FCB4FD78C729" box="[675,726,775,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, whereas the pollen loads of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54162FCB4FA9DC729" authority="Griswold" authorityName="Griswold" box="[1065,1331,774,799]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eingeddica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54162FCB4FB6CC729" box="[1065,1218,774,799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">S. eingeddica</emphasis>
|
||
Griswold
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 10) consisted exclusively of pollen grains of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC547E8FC98FD70C774" box="[675,734,811,834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aster" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC547E8FC98FD70C774" box="[675,734,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Aster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="0806FAD85E00FFC547A3FC98FCB2C775" box="[744,796,811,835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. This finding suggests that these
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC541E8FC99FAEFC775" box="[1187,1345,810,835]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC541E8FC99FAEFC775" box="[1187,1345,810,835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species might possibly restrict pollen harvesting to certain taxa within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54635FCFDFBA6C751" box="[894,1032,846,871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asteroideae">Asteroideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D702447A5E00FFC5458CFCC0FBD4C0F9" blockId="2.[151,1436,558,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5458CFCC0FE48C7BD" box="[199,486,882,907]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmiedeknechti">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5458CFCC0FE48C7BD" box="[199,486,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Hofferia schmiedeknechti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nests in beetle burrows in dead wood (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E00FFC546D7FCC1FBA6C7BD" box="[924,1032,882,907]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 – 3. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[163,1398,195,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1399,195,1828]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1 – 3. 1: Nesting site of Hofferia schmiedeknechti on the Golan Heights in northeastern Israel, near Lehavot HaBashan; several females nested in trunk and branches of this dead Cupressus tree (Photo D. Bénon). 2: Female of Hofferia schmiedeknechti entering her nest in a beetle burrow in a dead Cupressus tree (Photo D. Bénon). 3: Opened nest of Hofferia schmiedeknechti with three linearly arranged brood cells; the nest is plugged with dark plant resin of unknown origin mixed with small pebbles; the cell walls also consist of resin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B32C398B5E00FFC5415FFCC1FB02C7BD" author="Tkalcu" box="[1044,1196,882,907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" refString="Tkalcu, B. (1984) Neue palaarktische Arten der Gattungen Pseudoheriades und Archeriades mit Beschreibung von Hofferia gen. n. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae). Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, 158, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1984">Tkalců, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas the nesting biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5445CFC24FE6BC798" box="[279,453,919,942]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mauritanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5445CFC24FE6BC798" box="[279,453,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">H. mauritanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown. Several specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5462AFC25FB28C798" box="[865,1158,918,943]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maroccana">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5462AFC25FB28C798" box="[865,1158,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades maroccana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54189FC24FAF2C799" box="[1218,1372,918,943]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eingeddica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54189FC24FAF2C799" box="[1218,1372,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">S. eingeddica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed flying around dead wood (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B32C398B5E00FFC54779FC09FAB6C7E5" author="Benoist" box="[562,1304,954,979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" refString="Benoist, R. (1928 b) Hymenopteres melliferes nouveaux du Maroc. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 8, 212 - 215." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="b">Benoist, 1928b; C. Praz and C. Sedivy, personal communication</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), indicating that insect burrows in dead wood are probably used by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54641FC6DFC06C7C1" box="[778,936,990,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54641FC6DFC06C7C1" box="[778,936,990,1015]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species as nesting sites as well. The slender and elongate body of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54499FBB0FD9FC02D" box="[466,561,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54499FBB0FD9FC02D" box="[466,561,1027,1051]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Hofferia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54726FBB1FCA5C02D" box="[621,779,1026,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54726FBB1FCA5C02D" box="[621,779,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely an adaptation for nesting in such narrow linear cavities. The discovery of nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54754FB94FD54C009" box="[543,762,1062,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schmiedeknechti">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54754FB94FD54C009" box="[543,762,1062,1087]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">H. schmiedeknechti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AFAA04EA5E00FFC54654FB95FCF3C009" box="[799,861,1062,1087]" name="Israel" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
in spring 2013 by V. Trunz and D. Bénon revealed for the first time that this species constructs both cell walls and nest plug with resin, which is partly mixed with small pebbles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4F8658FF5E00FFC5440EFBDDFE25C0B1" box="[325,395,1134,1159]" captionStart="FIGURE 1 – 3. 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[163,1398,195,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1399,195,1828]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1 – 3. 1: Nesting site of Hofferia schmiedeknechti on the Golan Heights in northeastern Israel, near Lehavot HaBashan; several females nested in trunk and branches of this dead Cupressus tree (Photo D. Bénon). 2: Female of Hofferia schmiedeknechti entering her nest in a beetle burrow in a dead Cupressus tree (Photo D. Bénon). 3: Opened nest of Hofferia schmiedeknechti with three linearly arranged brood cells; the nest is plugged with dark plant resin of unknown origin mixed with small pebbles; the cell walls also consist of resin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nest building material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC547B7FBDDFC34C0B1" box="[764,922,1134,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC547B7FBDDFC34C0B1" box="[764,922,1134,1159]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is still unknown. However, since all other genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC544CBFB21FE49C09D" box="[384,487,1170,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Heriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC544CBFB21FE49C09D" box="[384,487,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Heriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group whose nesting behaviour is known use resin for nest construction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B32C398B5E00FFC54003FB21FF7DC0F9" author="Muller" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" refString="Muller, A. (2013) Palaearctic Osmiine Bees. ETH Zurich. Available from: http: // blogs. ethz. ch / osmiini (accessed 23 October 2013)" type="journal article" year="2013">Müller, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), resin is probably also used by the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54729FB05FCAEC0F9" box="[610,768,1206,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54729FB05FCAEC0F9" box="[610,768,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species to build their brood cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D702447A5E00FFC5458CFB68FB20C10D" blockId="2.[151,1436,558,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">
|
||
In most parts of their Palaearctic distribution area, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC5463FFB68FC7DC0C5" box="[884,979,1243,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Hofferia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC5463FFB68FC7DC0C5" box="[884,979,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Hofferia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC54142FB69FB08C0C5" box="[1033,1190,1242,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC54142FB69FB08C0C5" box="[1033,1190,1242,1267]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Stenoheriades</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not emerge before mid-May and are mainly active from end of May to July except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC546D6FB4CFB98C121" box="[925,1078,1278,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eingeddica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC546D6FB4CFB98C121" box="[925,1078,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">S. eingeddica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which flies in April (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AFAA04EA5E00FFC54078FB4DFADAC121" box="[1331,1396,1278,1303]" name="Israel" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
) or October (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AFAA04EA5E00FFC5444BFA90FEE7C10D" box="[256,329,1315,1339]" name="Oman" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AFAA04EA5E00FFC5441FFA90FE09C10D" box="[340,423,1315,1339]" name="Yemen" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10BD3FF95E00FFC544A3FA90FDC5C10D" box="[488,619,1314,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stenoheriades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levantica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5C998685E00FFC544A3FA90FDC5C10D" box="[488,619,1314,1339]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="177">S. levantica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is active from mid-March to end of May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |