586 lines
66 KiB
XML
586 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="82292024C6FBFF031A8642FCC537BA09" ID-CLB-Dataset="24022" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2019.1655106" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c54a2573-abdd-42a7-aec3-4d657e4d8661" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3670114" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581941080086" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="O, Kyle A., Connell, Aryal, Prakash C., Sherchan, Adarsh M., Dhakal, Bimala, Chaudhary, Hemanta Kumari, Ranabhat, Rishi & Karmacharya, Dibesh" docDate="2019" docId="31704740E732FFA40F827078FEDBE737" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.53.23–24.1421–1437.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 53 (23)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="1431" masterDocId="CD493F38E73AFFAF0E627655FF82E33E" masterDocTitle="A herpetological survey of the Kathmandu Valleyı Nepalı and phylogenetic identification of Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi" masterLastPageNumber="1437" masterPageNumber="1421" pageNumber="1428" updateTime="1698783541801" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="46DA97D28A390DB71BF75CFD576BFD1D">A herpetological survey of the Kathmandu Valleyı Nepalı and phylogenetic identification of Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4EFD17273D156846FA606E1C32643D2A">O, Kyle A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B77418132749A167CC5C7B3E8D43C01">Connell</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="25CA44B2974CEADA0AE152F9D0109CCC">Aryal, Prakash C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52AC80EC7EEE57BC7DDEC7AC641D80D7">Sherchan, Adarsh M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BE2868BA16BE2895DC4750442BA66D4">Dhakal, Bimala</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DF1A64EB970319CB63FC6BA1736AD31A">Chaudhary, Hemanta Kumari</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31C2CA39108D59F3C2C788847C7F40EB">Ranabhat, Rishi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9E874468CDE4772B1B7E0FBC520DCB2">Karmacharya, Dibesh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6C0F72540B3801E2BF2A0F98C45A8748">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2E7D1B91A9958DE395DC3EF1059D6A4F">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FE0AB7F23AB1902766C4E21C7D22A234">2019-09-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D76EDE9539525765888C6AE2BD40BC61">53</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BDD0A178BC057306ECCD4DE75957EF14" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2019.1655106</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="31704740E732FFA40F827078FEDBE737" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3671144" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162146418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3671144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:31704740E732FFA40F827078FEDBE737" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/31704740E732FFA40F827078FEDBE737" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1431" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">
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<subSubSection id="F1C3A5DDE732FFA70F827078FCC1E578" box="[480,835,1581,1606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B966F656E732FFA70F827078FCC1E578" blockId="8.[433,882,1581,1641]" box="[480,835,1581,1606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">
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<heading id="E22E413AE732FFA70F827078FCC1E578" box="[480,835,1581,1606]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E732FFA70F827078FCC1E578" ID-CoL="3Z2D6" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[480,835,1581,1606]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi" subGenus="Xenophrys">
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70F827078FDDFE578" box="[480,605,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">Megophrys</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70C0C7078FD66E578" box="[622,740,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">Xenophrys</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70C947078FCC1E578" box="[758,835,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">zhangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F1C3A5DDE732FFA40FD37005FEDBE737" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1431" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B966F656E732FFA70FD37005FCF0E557" blockId="8.[433,882,1581,1641]" box="[433,882,1615,1641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">
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<heading id="E22E413AE732FFA70FD37005FCF0E557" box="[433,882,1615,1641]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428" reason="5">
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<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E732FFA70FD37005FD9CE557" box="[433,542,1616,1641]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1557,1580]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,691,1526]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[163,1153,690,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing distributions of species surveyed in the Kathmandu Valley: circles = amphibians, squares = reptiles. Colours are defined as follows, amphibians: dark blue = Duttaphrynus melanostictus, purple = Nanorana liebigii, yellow = Fejervarya syhadrensis, light green = Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, dark green = Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, orange = Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi, red = Microhyla ornata. Reptiles: light purple = Calotes versicolor, light blue = Hemidactylus platyurus, dark blue = Hemidactylus frenatus, dark purple = Herpetoreas platyceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670116/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E732FFA70C3C7005FDECE557" box="[606,622,1616,1641]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Additional amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (b) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (c) Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, (d) male Megophrys zhangi, (e) female (left) and male (right) of Megophrys zhangi, (f) tadpole of Megophrys zhangi, (g) male Megophrys zhangi calling on artificial substrate near water feature, (h) Microhyla ornata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670120/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">3</figureCitation>
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(d
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70CE6701AFD10E556" box="[644,658,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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g);
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<tableCitation id="F45BC3EDE732FFA70CDB7005FC99E557" box="[697,795,1616,1641]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[160,216,142,165]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Counts and locality information for all species encountered during this survey of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EDA6A6DEE73EFFAB0EC276DBFE20E3FC" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428" tableUuid="EDA6A6DEE73EFFAB0EC276DBFE20E3FC">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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, S
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<tableCitation id="F45BC3EDE732FFA70D5D7005FCCAE557" box="[831,840,1616,1641]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[331,387,142,165]" captionTargetBox="[342,974,207,618]" captionText="Table 1. Species’ identified in previous herpetofaunal surveys of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EDA6A6DEE739FFAC0F2976DBFDF4E3FC" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428" tableUuid="EDA6A6DEE739FFAC0F2976DBFDF4E3FC">1</tableCitation>
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, S
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<tableCitation id="F45BC3EDE732FFA70D077005FCF0E557" box="[869,882,1616,1641]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[160,216,142,165]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Counts and locality information for all species encountered during this survey of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EDA6A6DEE73EFFAB0EC276DBFE20E3FC" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428" tableUuid="EDA6A6DEE73EFFAB0EC276DBFE20E3FC">2</tableCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B966F656E732FFA70EC270D0FD9BE581" blockId="8.[160,1156,1668,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70EC270D0FE0BE5A3" box="[160,393,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">specimens examined</emphasis>
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: CMDN-A 48
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70C4670D1FDB3E5A2" box="[548,561,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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49, 56
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70C1970D1FD0AE5A2" box="[635,648,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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59, 64
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70CB370D1FD5CE5A2" box="[721,734,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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66, 83
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70D4A70D1FCB7E5A2" box="[808,821,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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85, 87
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70D1D70D1FC0EE5A2" box="[895,908,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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88, 98
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70DB770D1FC60E5A2" box="[981,994,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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101, 104
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70A2570D1FBD6E5A2" box="[1095,1108,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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118, 129
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70EAB70F2FF54E581" box="[201,214,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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150, 154, 164
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70F0C70F2FEF9E581" box="[366,379,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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165, 167
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E732FFA70FBE70F2FE6BE581" box="[476,489,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1428">–</emphasis>
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170.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="EDA6A6DEE733FFA60EC275B3FB97E74D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3670124" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670124/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" startId="9.[160,225,998,1021]" targetBox="[355,961,143,966]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="B966F656E733FFA60EC275B3FB97E74D" blockId="9.[160,1156,998,1139]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60EC275B3FE83E0C3" bold="true" box="[160,257,998,1021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Reptile species and select localities from this survey. (a)
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<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60D1875B3FBD7E0C3" box="[890,1109,998,1021]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenatus">
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60D1875B3FBD7E0C3" box="[890,1109,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Hemidactylus frenatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, (b)
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<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60EC27251FE00E725" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[160,386,1028,1051]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyurus">
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60EC27251FE00E725" box="[160,386,1028,1051]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Hemidactylus platyurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, (c)
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<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60FD67251FD0BE725" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[436,649,1028,1051]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Herpetoreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyceps">
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60FD67251FD0BE725" box="[436,649,1028,1051]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Herpetoreas platyceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, (d) wetland containing
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60DE97251FEF4E706" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">
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<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60DE97251FB02E725" baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[907,1152,1028,1051]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Hoplobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigerinus">Hoplobatrachus tigerinus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60EC27274FEF4E706" baseAuthorityName="Annandale" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[160,374,1057,1080]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Fejervarya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syhadrensis">Fejervarya syhadrensis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60FCD7274FDD1E706" box="[431,595,1057,1080]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Microhyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60FCD7274FDD1E706" box="[431,595,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Microhyla ornata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, (e) typical forest habitat observed in the hills surrounding the Kathmandu Valley, (f) forest on the eastern edge of Shivapuri National Park, (g) small stream representative of the habitat occupied by both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60CE37209FCB0E74D" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[641,818,1116,1139]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60CE37209FCB0E74D" box="[641,818,1116,1139]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Megophrys zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60D0A7209FB92E74D" baseAuthorityName="Günther" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[872,1040,1116,1139]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Nanorana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liebigii">Nanorana liebigii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B966F656E733FFA60EC27297FBC8E581" blockId="9.[160,1157,1218,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60EC27297FE54E7E4" box="[160,470,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Distribution in the KTM Valley</emphasis>
|
||
: Encountered at all non-urban localities surveyed.
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60D987297FBD6E7E4" box="[1018,1108,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: We encountered large numbers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60F9672B0FD35E7C3" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[500,695,1253,1277]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60F9672B0FD35E7C3" box="[500,695,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Megophrys zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
around the KTM Valley (
|
||
<tableCitation id="F45BC3EDE733FFA60DA072B0FB93E7C3" box="[962,1041,1253,1277]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[160,216,142,165]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Counts and locality information for all species encountered during this survey of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/EDA6A6DEE73EFFAB0EC276DBFE20E3FC" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" tableUuid="EDA6A6DEE73EFFAB0EC276DBFE20E3FC">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E733FFA60A7F72B0FBF4E7C3" box="[1053,1142,1253,1277]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1557,1580]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,691,1526]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[163,1153,690,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing distributions of species surveyed in the Kathmandu Valley: circles = amphibians, squares = reptiles. Colours are defined as follows, amphibians: dark blue = Duttaphrynus melanostictus, purple = Nanorana liebigii, yellow = Fejervarya syhadrensis, light green = Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, dark green = Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, orange = Megophrys (Xenophrys) zhangi, red = Microhyla ornata. Reptiles: light purple = Calotes versicolor, light blue = Hemidactylus platyurus, dark blue = Hemidactylus frenatus, dark purple = Herpetoreas platyceps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670116/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species was traditionally classified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60C0A7352FCA2E621" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[616,800,1287,1311]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60C0A7352FCA2E621" box="[616,800,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Megophrys parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E733FFA60D3C7352FB9FE621" author="Chen JM & Zhou WW & Poyarkov NA & Stuart BL & Brown RM & Lathrop A & Wang YY & Yuan ZY & Jiang K & Hou M" box="[862,1053,1287,1311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" pagination="28 - 43" refId="ref6660" refString="Chen JM, Zhou WW, Poyarkov NA, Stuart BL, Brown RM, Lathrop A, Wang YY, Yuan ZY, Jiang K, Hou M, et al. 2017. A novel multilocus phylogenetic estimation reveals unrecognized diversity in Asian horned toads, genus Megophrys sensu lato (Anura: Megophryidae). Mol Phylogenet and Evol. 106: 28 - 43. doi: 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.09.004" type="journal article" year="2017">Chen et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60E94737FFEE9E67C" authorityName="Kuhl & van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" box="[246,363,1322,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60E94737FFEE9E67C" box="[246,363,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Megophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species to
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60F92737FFDDCE67C" box="[496,606,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Xenophrys</emphasis>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60CBC737FFCBDE67C" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[734,831,1322,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60CBC737FFCBDE67C" box="[734,831,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">M. parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Alternatively,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E733FFA60D8A737FFF67E65B" author="Mahony S & Foley NM & Biju SD & Teeling EC" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" pagination="744 - 771" refId="ref7359" refString="Mahony S, Foley NM, Biju SD, Teeling EC. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Asian Horned Frogs (Megophryinae): integrative approaches to timetree dating in the absence of a fossil record. Mol Biol and Evol. 34: 744 - 771." type="journal article" year="2017">Mahony et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
classified
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60F307318FE42E65B" box="[338,448,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Xenophrys</emphasis>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60CE37318FD74E65B" authorityName="Kuhl & van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" box="[641,758,1357,1381]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60CE37318FD74E65B" box="[641,758,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Megophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is the arrangement we favour in this manuscript. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed a close phylogenetic affinity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60F6B73C7FE41E694" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[265,451,1426,1450]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60F6B73C7FE41E694" box="[265,451,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Megophrys parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the KTM Valley and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60C8573C7FB99E694" authority="(Ye and Fei 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[743,1051,1426,1450]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60C8573C7FCD0E694" box="[743,850,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E733FFA60D3C73C7FB91E694" author="Ye CY & Fei L" box="[862,1043,1426,1450]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" pagination="50 - 52" refId="ref8226" refString="Ye CY, Fei L. 1992. A new pelobatid toad of the genus Megophrys from Xizang, China. Acta Herpetol Sinica. 1 - 2: 50 - 52." type="journal article" year="1992">Ye and Fei 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="666248F4E733FFA60EC273E0FF53E6F3" box="[160,209,1461,1485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E733FFA60F5373E0FE0BE6F3" box="[305,393,1461,1485]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1209,1232]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1153,142,1177]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. (a) Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Megophrys (Xenophrys). The mitochondrial 16S locus places Megophrys zhangi from the Kathmandu Valley as closely related to both M. zhangi from the type locality in Zhangmu, Xizang, China, and to one haplotype group of M. monticola. Nodes with higher than 75% bootstrap support are highlighted by gray circles. (b) Principal component analysis of external morphology comparing Megophrys monticola to Megophrys zhangi from the Kathmandu Valley. Results suggest smaller measurments on average for M. zhangi compared with M. monticola." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670126/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="666248F4E733FFA60FAB73E0FE78E6F3" box="[457,506,1461,1485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60C0C73E0FD54E6F3" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[622,726,1461,1485]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60C0C73E0FD54E6F3" box="[622,726,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Zhangmu,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7B1D38B4E733FFA60D0573E0FC36E6F3" box="[871,948,1461,1485]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">Xizang</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C1CEB6C6E733FFA60DDE73E0FC7CE6F3" box="[956,1022,1461,1485]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, close to the Nepal-China border in the foothills of the Himalayas ~
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E733FFA60D607382FCCEE6D1" box="[770,844,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" unit="km" value="55.0">55 km</quantity>
|
||
from KTM Valley. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E733FFA60EC273AFFE06E52C" author="Mahony S & Kamei RG & Teeling EC & Biju SD" box="[160,388,1530,1554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref7408" refString="Mahony S, Kamei RG, Teeling EC, Biju SD. 2018. Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian Horned Frogs: phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa. 4523: 1 - 96. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4523.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mahony et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60C5A73AFFD20E52C" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[568,674,1530,1554]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60C5A73AFFD20E52C" box="[568,674,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individual (sequenced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E733FFA60DA573AFFBFEE52C" author="Chen JM & Zhou WW & Poyarkov NA & Stuart BL & Brown RM & Lathrop A & Wang YY & Yuan ZY & Jiang K & Hou M" box="[967,1148,1530,1554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" pagination="28 - 43" refId="ref6660" refString="Chen JM, Zhou WW, Poyarkov NA, Stuart BL, Brown RM, Lathrop A, Wang YY, Yuan ZY, Jiang K, Hou M, et al. 2017. A novel multilocus phylogenetic estimation reveals unrecognized diversity in Asian horned toads, genus Megophrys sensu lato (Anura: Megophryidae). Mol Phylogenet and Evol. 106: 28 - 43. doi: 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.09.004" type="journal article" year="2017">Chen et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) shared an identical
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60F107048FE15E50B" box="[370,407,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">16s</emphasis>
|
||
haplotype with one of their two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60C9A7048FC01E50B" box="[760,899,1565,1589]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60C9A7048FC01E50B" box="[760,899,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">M. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
haplotype groups from Darjeeling (
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60F42706AFEA7E569" box="[288,293,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">‘</emphasis>
|
||
mid-elevation mitochondrial haplotype group
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60D40706AFCA5E569" box="[802,807,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">’</emphasis>
|
||
). Using nuclear sequence data,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E733FFA60EC27037FEFFE544" author="Mahony S & Kamei RG & Teeling EC & Biju SD" box="[160,381,1634,1658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref7408" refString="Mahony S, Kamei RG, Teeling EC, Biju SD. 2018. Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian Horned Frogs: phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa. 4523: 1 - 96. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4523.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mahony et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
show that the two haplotype groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60D507037FC3EE544" box="[818,956,1634,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60D507037FC3EE544" box="[818,956,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">M. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represent a single species that exhibit deep divergence with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E733FFA60C1070D0FD59E5A3" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[626,731,1669,1693]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E733FFA60C1070D0FD59E5A3" box="[626,731,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E733FFA60C8570D0FC4AE5A3" author="Mahony S & Kamei RG & Teeling EC & Biju SD" box="[743,968,1669,1693]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1429" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref7408" refString="Mahony S, Kamei RG, Teeling EC, Biju SD. 2018. Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian Horned Frogs: phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa. 4523: 1 - 96. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4523.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mahony et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggest that the shared haplotype may represent mitochondrial capture between these sister species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EDA6A6DEE730FFA50EC272ECFB06E65C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670126" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3670126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670126/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" startId="10.[160,225,1209,1232]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1177]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="B966F656E730FFA50EC272ECFB06E65C" blockId="10.[160,1156,1209,1378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50EC272ECFF79E7EE" bold="true" box="[160,251,1209,1232]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
(a) Maximum likelihood phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50C1C72ECFCE2E7EE" authority="" box="[638,864,1209,1232]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Xenophrys">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50C1C72ECFD65E7EE" box="[638,743,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">Megophrys</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50C9772ECFCDAE7EE" box="[757,856,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">Xenophrys</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The mitochondrial
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50A4572ECFBCBE7EE" box="[1063,1097,1209,1232]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">16S</emphasis>
|
||
locus places
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50E877283FE14E7D3" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[229,406,1238,1261]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50E877283FE14E7D3" box="[229,406,1238,1261]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">Megophrys zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Kathmandu Valley as closely related to both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50DA17283FBA1E7D3" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[963,1059,1238,1261]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50DA17283FBA1E7D3" box="[963,1059,1238,1261]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the type locality in Zhangmu, Xizang, China, and to one haplotype group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50DE672A6FB86E634" box="[900,1028,1267,1290]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50DE672A6FB86E634" box="[900,1028,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">M. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nodes with higher than 75% bootstrap support are highlighted by gray circles. (b) Principal component analysis of external morphology comparing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50C67737BFD54E67B" box="[517,726,1326,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50C67737BFD54E67B" box="[517,726,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">Megophrys monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50C9B737BFC28E67B" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[761,938,1326,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50C9B737BFC28E67B" box="[761,938,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">Megophrys zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Kathmandu Valley. Results suggest smaller measurments on average for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50C99731EFCD8E65C" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[763,858,1355,1378]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50C99731EFCD8E65C" box="[763,858,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50A62731EFB02E65C" box="[1024,1152,1355,1378]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">M. monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="B966F656E730FFA40EA273E0FBDBE230" blockId="10.[160,1155,1461,1727]" lastBlockId="11.[160,1156,142,1033]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1431" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">
|
||
Thus, using
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50F2573E0FEEEE6F3" box="[327,364,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">16s</emphasis>
|
||
sequence we were unable to verify if the Nepalese sequences pertain to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50EDF7382FEA1E6D1" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[189,291,1495,1519]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50EDF7382FEA1E6D1" box="[189,291,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50F2A7382FE52E6D1" box="[328,464,1495,1519]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50F2A7382FE52E6D1" box="[328,464,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">M. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though the geographic proximity to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50DF17382FC7BE6D1" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[915,1017,1495,1519]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50DF17382FC7BE6D1" box="[915,1017,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="666248F4E730FFA50A637382FBB3E6D1" box="[1025,1073,1495,1519]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality would support the former hypothesis. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E730FFA50CC473AFFC02E52C" author="Mahony S & Kamei RG & Teeling EC & Biju SD" box="[678,896,1530,1554]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref7408" refString="Mahony S, Kamei RG, Teeling EC, Biju SD. 2018. Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian Horned Frogs: phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa. 4523: 1 - 96. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4523.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mahony et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
differentiated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50A7F73AFFB00E52C" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[1053,1154,1530,1554]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50A7F73AFFB00E52C" box="[1053,1154,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(using the original description) from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50C4B7048FD30E50B" box="[553,690,1565,1589]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50C4B7048FD30E50B" box="[553,690,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">M. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a smaller SVL in the former. They state that in male specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50F95706AFDDFE569" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[503,605,1599,1623]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50F95706AFDDFE569" box="[503,605,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 3), SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E730FFA50C9B706AFC16E569" box="[761,916,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.485" metricValueMax="3.72" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" unit="mm" value="34.85" valueMax="37.2" valueMin="32.5">
|
||
32.5
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50D44706AFCB1E569" box="[806,819,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">–</emphasis>
|
||
37.2 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, compared with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50ED97037FEC0E544" box="[187,322,1634,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50ED97037FEC0E544" box="[187,322,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">M. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n = 17), SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E730FFA50F817037FDFEE544" box="[483,636,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.385" metricValueMax="4.95" metricValueMin="3.82" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" unit="mm" value="43.85" valueMax="49.5" valueMin="38.2">
|
||
38.2
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50C6D7037FD9EE544" box="[527,540,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">–</emphasis>
|
||
49.5 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. SVL for the KTM Valley
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E730FFA50D177037FC65E544" authorityName="Kuhl & van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" box="[885,999,1634,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E730FFA50D177037FC65E544" box="[885,999,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430">Megophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
range from
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E730FFA50A0A7037FEA3E5A3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" metricValueMax="4.32" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="1430" unit="mm" value="39.1" valueMax="43.2" valueMin="35.0">35 to 43.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, overlapping the ranges given for the two species. However, the PCA of the 10 characters shared between our studies strongly separates the KTM Valley individuals from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E731FFA40EBB76DBFEE3E398" box="[217,353,142,166]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40EBB76DBFEE3E398" box="[217,353,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">M. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting that the KTM
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E731FFA40C1776DBFD65E398" authorityName="Kuhl & van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" box="[629,743,142,166]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40C1776DBFD65E398" box="[629,743,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Megophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are on average much smaller (
|
||
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E731FFA40A4E76DBFB00E398" box="[1068,1154,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1209,1232]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1153,142,1177]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. (a) Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Megophrys (Xenophrys). The mitochondrial 16S locus places Megophrys zhangi from the Kathmandu Valley as closely related to both M. zhangi from the type locality in Zhangmu, Xizang, China, and to one haplotype group of M. monticola. Nodes with higher than 75% bootstrap support are highlighted by gray circles. (b) Principal component analysis of external morphology comparing Megophrys monticola to Megophrys zhangi from the Kathmandu Valley. Results suggest smaller measurments on average for M. zhangi compared with M. monticola." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670126" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670126/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)). For this reason, we reclassify
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E731FFA40C6676E4FD3AE3F7" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[516,696,177,201]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40C6676E4FD3AE3F7" box="[516,696,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Megophrys parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the KTM Valley to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E731FFA40DD876E4FBA2E3F7" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[954,1056,177,201]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40DD876E4FBA2E3F7" box="[954,1056,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">M. zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because we only sequenced specimens from the KTM Valley, we suggest that other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E731FFA40DDF7681FBADE3D2" authorityName="Kuhl & van Hasselt" authorityYear="1822" box="[957,1071,212,236]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40DDF7681FBADE3D2" box="[957,1071,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Megophrys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species may be present in other regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C1CEB6C6E731FFA40C7E76A3FDD9E230" box="[540,603,246,270]" name="Nepal" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
outside of the KTM Valley (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD488BA7E731FFA40D1D76A3FBCFE230" author="Mahony S & Kamei RG & Teeling EC & Biju SD" box="[895,1101,246,270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref7408" refString="Mahony S, Kamei RG, Teeling EC, Biju SD. 2018. Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian Horned Frogs: phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa. 4523: 1 - 96. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4523.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mahony et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B966F656E731FFA40EA2774CFEDBE737" blockId="11.[160,1156,142,1033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E731FFA40EA2774CFE0EE20F" baseAuthorityName="Ye and Fei" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[192,396,281,305]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40EA2774CFE0EE20F" box="[192,396,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Megophrys zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was encountered on the banks of streams and around areas with running water (
|
||
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E731FFA40F3A7769FE3BE26A" box="[344,441,316,340]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Additional amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (b) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (c) Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, (d) male Megophrys zhangi, (e) female (left) and male (right) of Megophrys zhangi, (f) tadpole of Megophrys zhangi, (g) male Megophrys zhangi calling on artificial substrate near water feature, (h) Microhyla ornata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670120/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(g)). While we usually observed them in intact habitats, they were also commonly encountered near disturbed areas with running water, but never in urban areas. Males called as early as 1600 during heavy rain but usually began calling at sundown (
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40FE977F1FE60E282" box="[395,482,420,444]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="in" value="1900.0">1900 in</quantity>
|
||
August). Females were found as far as
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40DCF77F1FC77E282" box="[941,1013,420,444]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
|
||
from water, and always on the ground (
|
||
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E731FFA40F8B7793FDC8E2E0" box="[489,586,454,478]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Additional amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (b) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (c) Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, (d) male Megophrys zhangi, (e) female (left) and male (right) of Megophrys zhangi, (f) tadpole of Megophrys zhangi, (g) male Megophrys zhangi calling on artificial substrate near water feature, (h) Microhyla ornata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670120/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)). Males perched ~
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40D267793FCEDE2E0" box="[836,879,454,478]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
above the water when calling, and always faced the water. At each locality males utilised different perch taxa ranging from bushes, to large rocks, to man-made structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E731FFA40DC07459FB8BE11A" box="[930,1033,524,548]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Additional amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (b) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (c) Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, (d) male Megophrys zhangi, (e) female (left) and male (right) of Megophrys zhangi, (f) tadpole of Megophrys zhangi, (g) male Megophrys zhangi calling on artificial substrate near water feature, (h) Microhyla ornata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670120/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(d,g)). This species was usually encountered in the same localities as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E731FFA40D35747BFB98E178" baseAuthorityName="Günther" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[855,1050,558,582]" class="Amphibia" family="Dicroglossidae" genus="Nanorana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liebigii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40D35747BFB98E178" box="[855,1050,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Nanorana liebigii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the two species were never observed in syntopy. At one locality in east Shivapuri, we encountered large numbers of larvae present in a shallow pool along with larvae and a juvenile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ED98DD5E731FFA40F2074C3FDFFE190" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[322,637,662,686]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40F2074C3FDFFE190" box="[322,637,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Duttaphrynus melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="21E2EAD3E731FFA40CF374C3FD76E190" box="[657,756,662,686]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="8.[160,225,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[354,962,142,966]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 3. Additional amphibian species observed during this survey. (a) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (b) Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, (c) Euphlyctis cyanophylyctis, (d) male Megophrys zhangi, (e) female (left) and male (right) of Megophrys zhangi, (f) tadpole of Megophrys zhangi, (g) male Megophrys zhangi calling on artificial substrate near water feature, (h) Microhyla ornata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670120/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)).
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40D4674C3FC46E190" box="[804,964,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
: The mean, followed by the range in parenthesis is given for males (n = 26), followed by females (n = 2). SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40F287489FE35E1CA" box="[330,439,732,756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.92" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="39.2">39.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40FB27489FDEEE1CA" box="[464,620,731,756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" metricValueMax="4.32" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="39.1" valueMax="43.2" valueMin="35.0">
|
||
35
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40F8F748EFE78E1CD" box="[493,506,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
43.2 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40CE57489FD77E1CA" box="[647,757,732,756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.38" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="43.8">43.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40D6F7489FC25E1CA" box="[781,935,731,756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.39" metricValueMax="4.779999999999999" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="43.9" valueMax="47.8" valueMin="40.0">
|
||
40
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40D48748EFCB5E1CD" box="[810,823,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
47.8 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); HL =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40A777489FB01E1CA" box="[1045,1155,732,756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="12.4">12.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(10.0
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40EB574ABFF66E028" box="[215,228,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40E8774ABFECDE028" box="[229,335,766,790]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="14.8">14.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), 13.0 mm (
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40FB974ABFD06E028" box="[475,644,766,790]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.48" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.8" valueMin="11.2">
|
||
11.2
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40C6E74ABFD9BE028" box="[524,537,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
14.8 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); HW =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40C8574ABFCCFE028" box="[743,845,766,790]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="14.9">14.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(12.0
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40DF274ABFC1FE028" box="[912,925,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
17.0 mm),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40A7E74ABFB01E028" box="[1052,1155,766,790]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="15.8">15.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40EC47574FED2E007" box="[166,336,801,825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" metricValueMax="1.66" metricValueMin="1.49" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="15.75" valueMax="16.6" valueMin="14.9">
|
||
14.9
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40EB57574FF66E007" box="[215,228,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
16.6 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); snout =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40FB27574FDA8E007" box="[464,554,801,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40C5E7574FD49E007" box="[572,715,801,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="3.3">
|
||
3.3
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40C027574FDEFE007" box="[608,621,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.7 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40C837574FCB9E007" box="[737,827,801,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40D2C7574FC5EE007" box="[846,988,801,825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="4.2" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="3.7">
|
||
3.7
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40D137574FCFCE007" box="[881,894,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
4.7 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); internarial = 5.0 mm (
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40F6B7511FE14E062" box="[265,406,835,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="4.8" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="3.8">
|
||
3.8
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40F4F7516FEB8E065" box="[301,314,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
5.8 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40FC97511FD93E062" box="[427,529,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="4.65">4.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40C407511FD2DE062" box="[546,687,835,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="4.65" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="4.6">
|
||
4.6
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40C247516FDD1E065" box="[582,595,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
4.7 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); eye =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40D737511FCEBE062" box="[785,873,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40D197511FB8AE062" box="[891,1032,835,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.5">
|
||
2.5
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40DFC7516FC29E065" box="[926,939,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
4.5 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40A7E7511FB01E062" box="[1052,1155,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="4.35">4.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40EC47533FEB3E040" box="[166,305,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.9">
|
||
3.9
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40EAB7533FF54E040" box="[201,214,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
4.8 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); tympanum =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40F837533FDB4E040" box="[481,566,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40C247533FD52E040" box="[582,720,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.7">
|
||
1.7
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40C0B7533FDF4E040" box="[617,630,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.7 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40C817533FCBBE040" box="[739,825,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40D257533FC50E040" box="[839,978,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.5">
|
||
2.5
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40D087533FCF5E040" box="[874,887,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
2.7 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); antebrachium =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40EDA75DCFE8CE09F" box="[184,270,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40F7F75DCFE37E09F" box="[285,437,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.649999999999999" metricValueMax="10.2" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="8.649999999999999" valueMax="10.2" valueMin="7.1">
|
||
7.1
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40F2275DCFECFE09F" box="[320,333,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
10.2 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40FA575DCFD9CE09F" box="[455,542,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="8.1">8.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40C4F75DCFD21E09F" box="[557,675,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="8.1" valueMax="9.2" valueMin="7.0">
|
||
7
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40C5E75DCFDCBE09F" box="[572,585,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
9.2 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); hand =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40D7275DCFCF1E09F" box="[784,883,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(9.2
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40DC775DCFC30E09F" box="[933,946,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
12.0 mm),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40A4F75DCFB02E09F" box="[1069,1152,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
; thigh =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40F6F75F9FEFBE0FA" box="[269,377,940,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="15.2">15.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40FF275F9FDBCE0FA" box="[400,574,939,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="17.5" valueMin="13.5">
|
||
13.5
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40FA375FEFE4CE0FD" box="[449,462,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
17.5 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40C3A75F9FD47E0FA" box="[600,709,940,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40CB975F9FC0BE0FA" box="[731,905,939,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.61" metricValueMin="1.29" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.1" valueMin="12.9">
|
||
12.9
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40D6E75FEFC9BE0FD" box="[780,793,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
16.1 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); shank =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40A7575F9FB01E0FA" box="[1047,1155,940,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="16.8">16.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(14.4
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40EB5759BFF66E0D8" box="[215,228,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
18.8),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40F56759BFE23E0D8" box="[308,417,974,998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="17.1">17.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40FD8759BFDD4E0D8" box="[442,598,974,998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="17.1" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="15.2">
|
||
15.2
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40F89759BFE7AE0D8" box="[491,504,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
19 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
); foot =
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40CB4759BFCB2E0D8" box="[726,816,974,998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40D2A759BFC7BE0D8" box="[840,1017,974,998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.93" metricValueMin="2.37" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="29.3" valueMin="23.7">
|
||
23.7
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40D18759BFC05E0D8" box="[890,903,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
29.3 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40A77759BFB01E0D8" box="[1045,1155,974,998]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.84" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="28.4">28.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7E215BB3E731FFA40EC475A4FECCE737" box="[166,334,1009,1033]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.835" metricValueMax="2.91" metricValueMin="2.76" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431" unit="mm" value="28.35" valueMax="29.1" valueMin="27.6">
|
||
27.6
|
||
<emphasis id="8BAD2A44E731FFA40EB575A4FF66E737" box="[215,228,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1431">–</emphasis>
|
||
29.1 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |