458 lines
46 KiB
XML
458 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.196.2774" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0d31c86a-2f7b-4491-8022-7338e498e605" ID-PMC="PMC3361085" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-196-23" ID-PubMed="22679389" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-196-23" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 196" ModsDocTitle="A new golden frog species of the genus Diasporus (Amphibia, Eleutherodactylidae) from the Cordillera Central, western Panama" checkinTime="1451249000173" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hertz, Andreas, Hauenschild, Frank, Lotzkat, Sebastian & Koehler, Gunther" docDate="2012" docId="FD6D22B13038C62B69E42172B7DA7AEB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 196: 23-46" docOrigin="ZooKeys 196" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.196.2774" docTitle="Diasporus citrinobapheus Hertz, Hauenschild, Lotzkat & Koehler, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="5C29FFB2CE13FF82FFB32A7B4876FFE0" masterDocTitle="A new golden frog species of the genus Diasporus (Amphibia, Eleutherodactylidae) from the Cordillera Central, western Panama" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1668153936351" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new golden frog species of the genus Diasporus (Amphibia, Eleutherodactylidae) from the Cordillera Central, western Panama</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hertz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hauenschild, Frank</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lotzkat, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Koehler, Gunther</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>196</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>46</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.196.2774</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.196.2774</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-196-23</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035706" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A526693-CA45-44FC-9D9D-4F3064A47341" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6D22B13038C62B69E42172B7DA7AEB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A526693-CA45-44FC-9D9D-4F3064A47341" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="26">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 1 A, B235
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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Adult male SMF 89814: collected on June 26, 2010 at 19:13 by Andreas Hertz and Sebastian Lotzkat at Quebrada Rasca (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.4851">8.4851°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.1727">81.1727°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 790 m elevation), near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paredón">Paredon</normalizedToken>
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, Comarca
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngöbe-Buglé">Ngoebe-Bugle</normalizedToken>
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, western Panama, approximately 50 airline km NNW of the city of Santiago and 20 airline km N of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañazas">Canazas</normalizedToken>
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, Veraguas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">All collected by Andreas Hertz and Sebastian Lotzkat at the type locality on June 26, 2010: MHCH 2370-71; SMF 89816; all adult males.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="referred specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Referred specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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Adult males SMF 89817 and MHCH 2372: collected on July 01, 2010 by Andreas Hertz and Sebastian Lotzkat at the private reserve Willie
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazú">Mazu</normalizedToken>
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, Comarca
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngöbe-Buglé">Ngoebe-Bugle</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.7903">8.7903°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-82.1989">82.1989°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 681 m elevation); female SMF 89820: collected on March 31, 2009 by Andreas Hertz, Sebastian Lotzkat and Arcadio Carrizo at Cerro Negro, Parque Nacional Santa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fé">Fe</normalizedToken>
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, Veraguas (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="8.5691">8.5691°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.0988">81.0988°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 730 m elevation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
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A member of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diasporus</taxonomicName>
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based on the following combination of characters: vocal slits and a single subgular vocal sac present, adult males without nuptial thumb pads; Finger I shorter than Finger II; Toe III much shorter than Toe V; subarticular tubercles on hands and feet flattened; no supernumerary tubercles on hands and feet; no tarsal fold or tubercle.
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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differs from alldescribed members of its genus by the following combination of characters (for accounts, see Table 1): coloration bright yellow to orange in life (Fig. 1 A); head almost as broad as long, but comparatively broad in relation to SVL; skin of dorsum smooth; venter coarsely areolate; tympanum covered by skin but annulus clearly visible; TD about 41% of ED; EL on average narrower than IOD; snout subacuminate in profile and rounded to subovoid in dorsal outline; disks of fingers and toes slightly expanded, disk covers of most fingers and toes spadate, but lacking papillae; disk pads of most fingers and toes triangular; subarticular tubercles of hands and feet rounded, very flat, almost not visible; vomerine odonthophores longish oval and widely separated; vomerine teeth weakly developed; upper eyelid usually smooth, very low pustules in some individuals; heel smooth. Its bright yellow to orange coloration distinguishes
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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from almost all described Central American
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diasporus</taxonomicName>
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, which, in spite of considerable variation, are all tan to gray or brownish to almost black. In
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus hylaeformis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hylaeformis">Diasporus hylaeformis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus ventrimaculatus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">Diasporus ventrimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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, the dorsal ground color can be suffused with pink or red. Only
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus tigrillo" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrillo">Diasporus tigrillo</taxonomicName>
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from Costa Rica, a species known only from two specimens, shows a yellowish coloration in life according to the original description (
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<bibRefCitation author="Savage, JM" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" pagination="241 - 247" title="A new species of rainfrog of the Eleutherodactylus diastema group from the Alta Talamanca region of Costa Rica." url="10.1163/156853897X00125" volume="18" year="1997">Savage 1997</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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differs from the two known specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus tigrillo" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrillo">Diasporus tigrillo</taxonomicName>
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in the following characters (character for
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus tigrillo" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrillo">Diasporus tigrillo</taxonomicName>
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in parentheses): SVLinadult males 17.3-19.7 mm (16.0-17.5 mm); dorsal skin absolutely smooth (dorsal skin with scattered low pus
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="27" start="start">tules</pageBreakToken>
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, best developed on dorsum); TD 32-45% of ED (54-57%); TL 40% of SVL (about 48%); distal subarticular tubercle of Finger and Toe I flat and rounded (weakly bifid); many weakly developed vomerine teeth in three to four close rows (a few vomerine teeth in two obliquely aligned and widely separated rows); dorsal surface uniformly bright yellow to orange, sometimes with irregularly distributed dark blotches (yellow
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="28" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
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orange dorsal coloration with dark brown spots confined to the pustules); ventral surfaces almost colorless and transparent, in some individuals with a fine dirty white speckling, except male vocal sac that is suffused with yellow (undersurfaces, including venter, yellow); coloration in preservative grayish-white with only a suggestion of yellow (brownish-ocher with dark brown dots; see comments in Discussion section for the usage of different preservation methods). Furthermore,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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superficially resembles the South American
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus gularis" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gularis">Diasporus gularis</taxonomicName>
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from western Ecuador and western Colombia in coloration (see photo in
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<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" pagination="287 - 297" title="Three new rainfrogs of the Eleutherodactylus diastema group from Colombia and Panama." volume="25" year="2001">Lynch 2001</bibRefCitation>
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, page 295 Fig. 7).
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus gularis" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gularis">Diasporus gularis</taxonomicName>
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has been described comprehensively by
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<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Lawrence, Kansas, USA" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" title="Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador: Systematics, Ecology, and Biogeography." year="1997">Lynch and Duellman (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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. According to them, adult
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus gularis" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gularis">Diasporus gularis</taxonomicName>
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are larger (SVL in males 20.2-21.6 mm, in females 23.3-24.8 mm) than
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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(males 17.3-19.7 mm, single known female 21.8 mm). Moreover,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus gularis" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gularis">Diasporus gularis</taxonomicName>
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shows basal webbings between toes and some specimens have papillae at the apex of the disk pad on some toes, whereas there are no such papillae, and no webbing between toes of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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. The posterior surfaces of thighs are brown in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus gularis" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gularis">Diasporus gularis</taxonomicName>
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, but yellow to orange in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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. Moreover, the choanae are long, oval, and not concealed by the palatal shelf of the maxillary arch in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus gularis" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gularis">Diasporus gularis</taxonomicName>
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, whereas they are round, orientated extremely laterally on palate, and partially concealed by the palatal shelf of the maxillary arch in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 1.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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(SMF 89814, adult male): Ain life B in preservative. C
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus tigrillo" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrillo">Diasporus tigrillo</taxonomicName>
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in preservative (LACM 146212, holotype, adult male), note dark brown spots. Pictures are not at the same scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="78CA573A0A0A1A1F220B788A22642DD6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/78CA573A0A0A1A1F220B788A22642DD6" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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Table 1. Morphological measurements of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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in comparison with other described species of the genus from western Panama and southern Costa Rica (mean
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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SD,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="min–max">min-max</normalizedToken>
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). See Materials and Methods for abbreviations.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<table pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">Character</th>
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<th colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus diastema" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diastema">Diasporus diastema</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus hylaeformis" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hylaeformis">Diasporus hylaeformis</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus ventrimaculatus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">Diasporus ventrimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus vocator" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vocator">Diasporus vocator</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus tigrillo" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrillo">Diasporus tigrillo</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
An adult male; measurements (in mm): SVL 18.4, LF III 2.4, LT IV 4.2, DWF III 0.6, DWT IV 0.5, HL 7.2, HW 7.0, TL 7.8, EL 2.6, IOD 2.9, TD 0.8, ED 2.4; dorsal skin smooth; venter coarsely areolate; no discoidal fold; upper eyelid smooth; snout subovoid in dorsal outline and subacuminate in profile; nostrils weakly protuberant, directed dorsolaterally; head slightly longer than wide, width 97% of length; HW 38% of SVL; canthus rostralis indistinct; ED 36% of HL and 13% of SVL; EL 90% of IOD; TD 33% of ED (Fig. 2 A); choanae round, orientated extremely laterally on palate, partially concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; elliptical vomerine odonthophores, posteromedian to choanae, which are widely separated from each other, with four rows of weakly developed, short teeth; legs short in relation to body; TL 42% of SVL; relative finger length: I<II=IV<III; all fingers with disks, slightly wider than digits, on Fingers
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–IV">II-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than on Finger I; relative toe length: I<II<III<V<IV, Toe V much longer than toe III; tip of Toe V extending to distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; tip of Toe III extending to penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; disks on Toes
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–V">III-V</normalizedToken>
|
||
larger than on
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
; disk covers spadate, lacking papillae; no supernumerary tubercles (Figs 2 B,C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Figure 2. Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SMF 89814, adult male): A Lateral view of head B Ventral view of right hand. C Ventral view of right foot. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The specific name citrinobapheus is a noun in apposition and is derived from the Greek words citrinos (citrin-yellow) and bapheus (dyer) referring to the yellow body color that dyes
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="one’s">one's</normalizedToken>
|
||
fingers yellowish when the frog is handled. Although we could observe this phenomenon in a few other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diasporus</taxonomicName>
|
||
too, it is notably evident in the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="coloration in life">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Coloration in life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">All examined specimens show shades of bright yellow and orange dorsally; some have dark grayish and/or whitish-grayish spots (Fig. 3). Ventral surfaces are almost achlorophyllaceous and transparent apart from the yellow male vocal sac.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Figure 3. Variation in coloration pattern in life of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from different localities: A Female SMF 89820 from Cerro Negro, Parque Nacional de Santa
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fé">Fe</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Veraguas, Panama) with dirty orange coloration B Male SMF 89816 from type locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paredón">Paredon</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Comarca
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngöbe-Buglé">Ngoebe-Bugle</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Panama) with immaculate yellow coloration C Male MHCH 2372 from Willie
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazú">Mazu</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Comarca
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngöbe-Buglé">Ngoebe-Bugle</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Panama) with intense mottling D Male SMF 89817 from Willie
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazú">Mazu</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Comarca
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngöbe-Buglé">Ngoebe-Bugle</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Panama) with intermediate mottling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">MHCH 2372 (Fig. 3 C): Dorsal ground color Orange Yellow (18); posterior and anterior surfaces of thighs Chrome Orange (16); Raw Umber (23) interorbital and postocular stripes formed by very fine mottling; dorsum with five Dark Grayish Brown (20) blotches, forming a pattern like the five dots on a dice; scattered Dark Grayish Brown (20) blotches on dorsal surfaces of limbs; disk covers Blackish Neutral Gray (82), with white rings at the base; ventral surface of hind limbs Chrome Orange (16); ventral surface of body transparent with dirty white mottling; vocal sac white with a suggestion of Spectrum Yellow (55).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">SMF 89820 (Fig. 3 A): In the only female, coloration in life has been recorded as follows: Dorsal surface Yellow Ocher (123 C); a Chamois (123 D) interorbital bar; anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs Chrome Orange (16); venter almost transparent; upper surfaces of disks Sepia (119) with dirty white spots and a dirty white ring around base; gular region Smoke Gray (44).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" type="coloration in preservative (70% alcohol)">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="28">Coloration in preservative (70% alcohol).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="28">
|
||
In preservation the bright yellow and orange colors fade rapidly to a pale grayish yellow (Fig. 1 B) with scattered dark gr
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="29" start="start">ayish</pageBreakToken>
|
||
blotches in some individuals. Legs pale orange; vocal sac pale yellow in males; gular area in females pale gray; tips of digits dark grayish black. Dark grayish black eyeballs shining through skin when head is viewed dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Compared to other species of this genus, the individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
available to us exhibit only little variation in their coloration (Fig. 3). All show a yellow to orange dorsal ground color in life. This can either appear bright and clear or somewhat dirty, depending on the pigment translocation within the melanophores in the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="frog’s">frog's</normalizedToken>
|
||
skin. In some individuals, higher concentrations of melanophores in certain areas of the dorsum form dark blotches or stripes. This is especially the case in the two specimens from Willie
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazú">Mazu</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Figs 3 C, D). The most frequent pattern of
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="30" start="start">this</pageBreakToken>
|
||
type is an interorbital bar, which in most cases is darker than ground color along the anterior edge of the bar and lighter than ground color along the posterior edge. In addition, some individuals show dark brown blotches on the limbs and less frequently also on the dorsum. Most individuals show additional small whitish spots, in particular under and around the eyes, as well as scattered across the forelimbs. In the male SMF 89816 from the type locality (Fig. 3 B) the dark and white markings on and around the disk covers are not as pronouncedly contrasting as in the other individuals examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="molecular genetics">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="31" start="start">Molecular</pageBreakToken>
|
||
genetics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The distinctiveness of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by the analysis of the 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene (Fig. 4). The four individuals we examined form a distinct cluster that appears separated from the other members for which 16S sequences are available. The mean genetic distance among the four specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 0.3%. In our consensus tree (Fig. 4 A) it appears to be most closely related to the candidate species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus aff subsp. diastema" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aff" subSpecies="diastema">Diasporus aff. diastema</taxonomicName>
|
||
from El
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Copé">Cope</normalizedToken>
|
||
, from which it is separated by a mean genetic distance of 1.8%. In the haplotype network analysis (Fig. 4 B) both clades form unconnected subnetworks, indicating a differentiation at species level (Fig. 4 C). The mean genetic distance to the next closest relative
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus quidditus" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quidditus">Diasporus quidditus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 6.6% for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 7% for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus aff subsp. diastema" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aff" subSpecies="diastema">Diasporus aff. diastema</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Figure 4. Results of 16S mtDNA analysis. A Consensus tree from Maximum Likelihood analysis. Scale bar refers to substitutions per site. Bootstrap support values before the slash correspond to Maximum Likelihood analysis, those after the slash to the Maximum Parsimony consensus tree of exactly the same topology. Numbers behind branches refer to respective museum numbers B Parsimony network derived from the same alignment, with each node representing a unique haplotype separated by one substitutional step from its nearest neighbor. Rectangles are haplotypes of analyzed sequences, circles are haplotypes missing in our sample C Tentative taxonomic implication. Bar breaks indicate assumed species boundaries. Names refer to morphological determination or GenBank taxonomic identity.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="vocalization of holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Vocalization of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
||
We recorded a 3 min, 43.5 seconds portion of the advertisement call of the holotype that yielded a total of 63 calls. An exemplary visualization of the call structure is given in Fig. 5 A. Relative humidity during recording was 95.3%
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="32" start="start">at</pageBreakToken>
|
||
an air temperature of 24.5 °C. As in other members of the genus, the call consists of a single note, even though calls sound like a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“whistle,”">"whistle,"</normalizedToken>
|
||
rather than the typical
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“tink”">"tink"</normalizedToken>
|
||
usually emitted by members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diasporus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Savage 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Chaves et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The 63 recorded calls are organized in five call groups of 8-17 calls per group (12.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.2). A call group lasts 19.8-34.1 s (25.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.7). Intervals between call groups range from 15.7-33.2 s (21.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
8.0) and intervals between calls within a call group range from 0.57-5.77 s (1.93
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2). Call group rate is 1.34 call groups per minute; call rate within a call group varies from 23.4-40.8 calls per minute (32.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
6.3). Call duration varies from 0.13-0.18 s (0.16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.01). There is a rather weak frequency modulation of 190-470 Hz (370
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
65). The spectrum of frequencies within a call range from a mean minimum of 2890
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
44 Hz to a mean maximum of 3260
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
44 Hz. Fundamental and dominant frequencies are identical at about 2950 Hz. The dominant frequency, as the frequency with the greatest energy in the signal, is reached about 0.05 s after initiation of the call.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Figure 5. A Visualizations of an advertisement call (Hanning window function, FFT 512, 0.8 overlap) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype, SMF 89814) recorded in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paredón">Paredon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Comarca
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngöbe-Buglé">Ngoebe-Bugle</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Panama, at 24.5°C air temperature and 95.3% relative humidity. Clockwise from top left: Oscillogram of a call group; Oscillogram of the penultimate call in the shown call group; Power spectrum showing the dominant frequency of the penultimate call in the shown call group; Spectrogram of the penultimate call in the shown call group
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
Different call positions of male
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
: B Male holotype (SMF 89814) from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paredón">Paredon</normalizedToken>
|
||
calling on dead leaves in dense vegetation about 2 meters above ground level; C Male paratype (MHCH 2371) from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paredón">Paredon</normalizedToken>
|
||
on green leaf about 3 m above ground level D Male specimen (SMF 89817) from Willie
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazú">Mazu</normalizedToken>
|
||
referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
calling from an elevated position on the underside of a leaf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="vocalizations of paratypes and referred specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Vocalizations of paratypes and referred specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
In addition to the holotype, we recorded and analyzed the advertisement calls of two paratypes (SMF 89816, MHCH 2371) and one referred specimen (SMF 89817). Summing up, the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sounds like a whistle, is organized in call groups, has a call duration of 0.14-0.16 s in average and a dominant frequency of 2860-3040 Hz (see all parameters in Table 2). While the paratypes vary only little in call parameters, SMF 89817 shows obvious differences regarding call duration, call interval, and call rate (see Discussion section for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="8ED15BC304DBFBD8B0018FBEC47DBD77" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8ED15BC304DBFBD8B0018FBEC47DBD77" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Table 2. Variation in advertisement call parameters in four male specimens referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="min–max">min-max</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<table pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">SMF 89814</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">SMF 89816</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">MHCH 2371</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" rowspan="1">SMF 89817</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="geographical distribution and natural history notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Geographical distribution and natural history notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
||
So far,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found on the Caribbean slopes of the western
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tabasará">Tabasara</normalizedToken>
|
||
and on both Pacific and Caribbean slopes of the eastern
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tabasará">Tabasara</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 6) at intermediate elevations from 680 to 790 m.a.s.l. Males call from very dense vegetation and are difficult to spot. They are almost only detectable by following their characteristic vocalization. Vocal activity is highest just after dusk and finally stops when it
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="33" start="start">becomes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
dark. Calling height ranges from near ground level up to three meters above ground. Calling position can be either on the upper side of a leaf or on its underside (Figs 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The only female (SMF 89820) was found at daytime (15:00 h) inside an involute, young plantain leaf that apparently served as a daytime hiding place. The species does not seem to be limited to mature forest, but is also found in secondary growth and plantations. However, it appears to avoid open habitats like pasture land.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Figure 6. Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and type localities of other species in the genus in Panama and Costa Rica. Solid triangle:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paredón">Paredon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Comarca
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ngöbe-Buglé">Ngoebe-Bugle</normalizedToken>
|
||
, type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hollow triangles: Additional collection sites of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus citrinobapheus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">Diasporus citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Private Reserve Willie
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazú">Mazu</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the west, and Cerro Negro (Parque Nacional Santa
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fé">Fe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Veraguas) in the east. Inverted triangle: Agua Buena, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus vocator" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vocator">Diasporus vocator</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Pentagon: Valle del Silencio, at the provincial boarder between Puntarenas and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Costa Rica, type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus ventrimaculatus" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">Diasporus ventrimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Square: Cerro Utyum,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Costa Rica, type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus hylaeformis" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hylaeformis">Diasporus hylaeformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Circle:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Lari,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Costa Rica, type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus tigrillo" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrillo">Diasporus tigrillo</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Diamond: Margarita,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Panama, type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diasporus diastema" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diastema">Diasporus diastema</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dashed lines represent provincial borders. Solid lines represent coast line and national border.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |