227 lines
21 KiB
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227 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e80804" ID-PMC="PMC8971126" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-10-e80804" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDE48E03D055CC0A8E7C293CA35A503" ID-PubMed="35437395" ModsDocID="1314-2828-10-e80804" checkinTime="1648143502398" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sennikov, Alexander & Lazkov, Georgy" docDate="2022" docId="FD5646C1F3475162BBD0843302B6AEE6" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 10: e80804" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 10" docPubDate="2022-03-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e80804" docTitle="Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. 1791" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="FFDE48E03D055CC0A8E7C293CA35A503" lastPageNumber="80804" masterDocId="FFDE48E03D055CC0A8E7C293CA35A503" masterDocTitle="The first checklist of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with new records and critical evaluation of earlier data. Contribution 2" masterLastPageNumber="80804" masterPageNumber="80804" pageNumber="80804" updateTime="1668122133334" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The first checklist of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with new records and critical evaluation of earlier data. Contribution 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sennikov, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-7657</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Komarov Botanical Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia & University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">alexander.sennikov@helsinki.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lazkov, Georgy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biology, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>80804</mods:start>
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<mods:end>80804</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e80804</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e80804</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-10-e80804</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDE48E03D055CC0A8E7C293CA35A503</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD5646C1F3475162BBD0843302B6AEE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD5646C1F3475162BBD0843302B6AEE6" lastPageNumber="80804" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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<taxonomicName LSID="FD5646C1-F347-5162-BBD0-843302B6AEE6" authority="(L.) Gaertn. 1791" authorityName="(L.) Gaertn." authorityYear="1791" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicandra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nicandra physalodes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="physalodes">Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. 1791</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicandra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nicandra physalodes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="physalodes">Nicandra physalodes</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 237 (1791) -
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Atropa" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Atropa physalodes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="physalodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Atropa physalodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L., Sp. Pl. 1: 181 (1753).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Distribution</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="native distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Native distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">South America.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="secondary distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Secondary distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">North and Central America, Southern Europe and Asia, Africa, Australia.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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In Europe, this species belongs to the most widely distributed alien vascular plants (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lambdon, P. V." journalOrPublisher="Preslia" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="101 - 149" refId="B7638995" refString="Lambdon, P. V., Pysek, P., Basnou, C., Hejda, M., Arianoutsou, M., Essl, F., Jarosik, V., Pergl, J., Winter, M., Anastasiu, P., Andriopoulos, P., Bazos, I., Brundu, G., Celesti-Grapow, L., Chassot, P., Delipetrou, P., Delipetrou, P., Josefsson, M., Kark, S., Klotz, S., Kokkoris, Y., Kuehn, I., Marchante, H., Perglova, I., Pino, J., Vila, M., Zikos, A., Roy, D., Hulme, P. E., 2008. Alien flora of Europe: species diversity, temporal trends, geographical patterns and research needs. Preslia 80 (2): 101 - 149" title="Alien flora of Europe: species diversity, temporal trends, geographical patterns and research needs" volume="80" year="2008">Lambdon et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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The species has been naturalised in several provinces of China (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, Z. Y." journalOrPublisher="Flora of China" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7479052" refString="Zhang, Z. Y., Lu, A., D'Arcy, W. G., 1994. . Flora of China Vol. 17" volume="Vol. 17" year="1994">Zhang et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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), probably as a field weed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="distribution in central asia">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Distribution in Central Asia</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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Sporadically found in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kovalevskaya, S. S." journalOrPublisher="Manual of vascular plants of Central Asia" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7454329" refString="Kovalevskaya, S. S., 1987. . Manual of vascular plants of Central Asia Vol. 9" volume="Vol. 9" year="1987">Kovalevskaya 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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In Central Asia, the species was historically found in gardens and on melon fields (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pojarkova, A. I." journalOrPublisher="Flora of Turkmenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7552051" refString="Pojarkova, A. I., 1954. . Flora of Turkmenia Vol.6" volume="Vol. 6" year="1954">Pojarkova 1954b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nikitina, E. V." journalOrPublisher="Flora of the Kirghiz SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7562152" refString="Nikitina, E. V., 1960. . Flora of the Kirghiz SSR Vol. 9" volume="Vol. 9" year="1960">Nikitina 1960</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Vasilieva, A. N." journalOrPublisher="Flora of Kazakhstan" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7479065" refString="Vasilieva, A. N., 1965. . Flora of Kazakhstan Vol. 8" volume="Vol. 8" year="1965">Vasilieva 1965</bibRefCitation>
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). In the early 20th century (1907-1931), it was recorded as cultivated and ruderal in vegetable gardens of Russian-populated places.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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The first record of the species from Central Asia comes from Vannovskoe Village of Turkestan Region (now
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tūrar">Tūrar</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rysqūlov">Rysqūlov</normalizedToken>
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Village,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Türkıstan">Tuerkistan</normalizedToken>
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Region, Kazakhstan). This village was founded by Russian and Ukrainian colonists in 1887, which may be close to the earliest possible date of the species' introduction to Central Asia (following the conquest in 1868).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Its recent occurrence seems to be in ornamental cultivation and ruderal.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="distribution in kyrgyzstan">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Distribution in Kyrgyzstan</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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Western Tian-Shan, Northern Tian-Shan (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F7619339" captionText="Figure 15. Historical and recent records of Nicandra physalodes in Kyrgyzstan." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e80804.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/632500" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">15</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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The species was found as a weed in agricultural areas of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chü">Chue</normalizedToken>
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and Talas Depressions (
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<bibRefCitation author="Nikitina, E. V." journalOrPublisher="Flora of the Kirghiz SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7562152" refString="Nikitina, E. V., 1960. . Flora of the Kirghiz SSR Vol. 9" volume="Vol. 9" year="1960">Nikitina 1960</bibRefCitation>
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). Recently, it was rediscovered as a ruderal plant (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F7622079" captionText="Figure 16. Nicandra physalodes in Cholpon-Ata, Kyrgyzstan (photographed 25 July 2020). Source: https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 54240496 (iNaturalist 2021)." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e80804.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625226" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">16</figureCitation>
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) in a village along the northern side of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ysyk-Köl">Ysyk-Koel</normalizedToken>
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Lake (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ignatov, M. S." journalOrPublisher="Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7622153" refString="iNaturalist Biodiversity observations https://www.inaturalist.org/ 2021-12-19T00:00:00+02:00" year="1991">iNaturalist 2021</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Ecology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Fertile places in the native distribution area; ruderal places, gardens, fields and field margins, roadsides and pastures in the secondary distribution area.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Biology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Annual, with a taproot.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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Historically, e.g. in the 1920s,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicandra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nicandra physalodes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="physalodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Nicandra physalodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was rather commonly used as a surrogate for
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Humulus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Humulus lupulus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lupulus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Humulus lupulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in bakery in southern Russian and Ukrainian villages (
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<bibRefCitation author="Larionov, D. K." journalOrPublisher="Trudy po Prikladnoi Botanike, Genetike i Selektsii" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="249 - 256" refId="B7619219" refString="Larionov, D. K., 1931. The use of Nicandra physaloides Gaertn. in Ukrainian villages. Trudy po Prikladnoi Botanike, Genetike i Selektsii 25 (4): 249 - 256" title="The use of Nicandra physaloides Gaertn. in Ukrainian villages" volume="25" year="1931">Larionov 1931</bibRefCitation>
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). Due to this use, the plants were spread across a vast territory and became locally abundant in village gardens in Siberia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Khrebtov, A. A." journalOrPublisher="Izvestia Biologicheskogo NII pri Permskom Gosudarstvennom Universitete" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B7619228" refString="Khrebtov, A. A., 1926. To the study of the weedy vegetation of Western Siberia. Izvestia Biologicheskogo NII pri Permskom Gosudarstvennom Universitete 4 (Supplementum 4): 1 - 60" title="To the study of the weedy vegetation of Western Siberia" volume="4" year="1926">Khrebtov 1926</bibRefCitation>
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) and Central Asia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cherniakovskaya, E. G." journalOrPublisher="Weedy flora of the USSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7479578" refString="Cherniakovskaya, E. G., 1935. . Weedy flora of the USSR 4" volume="4" year="1935">Cherniakovskaya 1935</bibRefCitation>
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). This usage has been abandoned, and the plants introduced in those times have subsequently disappeared.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="introduction to kyrgyzstan">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Introduction to Kyrgyzstan</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="period of introduction">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Period of introduction</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Neophyte.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">The plant was introduced in the early Soviet period (first record in 1928 from present-day Talas Town), transported by Russian colonists from their native villages in southern Russia. Its latest record from the Botanical Garden in Bishkek is dated 1955 and may constitute the last remnant of the old cultivation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Its latest subspontaneous record is dated 2020 and may be linked with recent ornamental cultivation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="pathways of introduction">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Pathways of introduction</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Escape from confinement: Agriculture. Escape from confinement: Ornamental purpose other than horticulture.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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The plant seems to have been historically introduced for its cultivation and subsequent use in home bakery, and then it has become a weed in and around the places of introduction. This pathway is indicated by the contemporary evidence (
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<bibRefCitation author="Khrebtov, A. A." journalOrPublisher="Izvestia Biologicheskogo NII pri Permskom Gosudarstvennom Universitete" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1 - 60" refId="B7619228" refString="Khrebtov, A. A., 1926. To the study of the weedy vegetation of Western Siberia. Izvestia Biologicheskogo NII pri Permskom Gosudarstvennom Universitete 4 (Supplementum 4): 1 - 60" title="To the study of the weedy vegetation of Western Siberia" volume="4" year="1926">Khrebtov 1926</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Larionov, D. K." journalOrPublisher="Trudy po Prikladnoi Botanike, Genetike i Selektsii" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="249 - 256" refId="B7619219" refString="Larionov, D. K., 1931. The use of Nicandra physaloides Gaertn. in Ukrainian villages. Trudy po Prikladnoi Botanike, Genetike i Selektsii 25 (4): 249 - 256" title="The use of Nicandra physaloides Gaertn. in Ukrainian villages" volume="25" year="1931">Larionov 1931</bibRefCitation>
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) and by the recorded occurrences of the plants in vegetable gardens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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Modern pathways of introduction of this plant in Europe include grain import (
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<bibRefCitation author="Suominen, J." journalOrPublisher="Acta Botanica Fennica" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B7619358" refString="Suominen, J., 1979. The grain immigrant flora of Finland. Acta Botanica Fennica 111: 1 - 108" title="The grain immigrant flora of Finland" volume="111" year="1979">Suominen 1979</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Clement, E. J." journalOrPublisher="Botanical Society of the British Isles, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7469475" refString="Clement, E. J., Foster, M. C., 1994. Alien plants of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London" title="Alien plants of the British Isles" year="1994">Clement and Foster 1994</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation author="Vasilieva, A. N." journalOrPublisher="Flora of Kazakhstan" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7619341" refString="Verloove F. Manual of the alien plants of Belgium http://alienplantsbelgium.be/ 2021-12-15T00:00:00+02:00" year="1965">Verloove 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||
), wool contamination and horticulture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clement, E. J." journalOrPublisher="Botanical Society of the British Isles, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7469475" refString="Clement, E. J., Foster, M. C., 1994. Alien plants of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London" title="Alien plants of the British Isles" year="1994">Clement and Foster 1994</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Vasilieva, A. N." journalOrPublisher="Flora of Kazakhstan" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7619341" refString="Verloove F. Manual of the alien plants of Belgium http://alienplantsbelgium.be/ 2021-12-15T00:00:00+02:00" year="1965">Verloove 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The species is a very common weed of many crops, especially in warmer countries (
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<bibRefCitation author="Holm, L. G." journalOrPublisher="John Wiley & Sons, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7622210" refString="Holm, L. G., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P., 1997. World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution. John Wiley & Sons, New York" title="World Weeds: Natural Histories and Distribution" year="1997">Holm et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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In Russia, in recent years,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicandra" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nicandra physalodes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="physalodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Nicandra physalodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been widely cultivated for ornamental purposes in private gardens and city yards and along streets, and occasionally noted as running wild and occurring in ruderal and dumping places (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perkamaitė, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Life Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7453095" refString="Plantarium Plants and lichens of Russia and neighboring countries: open online galleries and plant identification guide https://www.plantarium.ru/lang/en.html 2021-07-12T00:00:00+03:00" year="2015">Plantarium 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">
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A recent record from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ysyk-Köl">Ysyk-Koel</normalizedToken>
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Region, Kyrgyzstan (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ignatov, M. S." journalOrPublisher="Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East" pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" refId="B7622153" refString="iNaturalist Biodiversity observations https://www.inaturalist.org/ 2021-12-19T00:00:00+02:00" year="1991">iNaturalist 2021</bibRefCitation>
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) indicated that the species may escape from ornamental cultivation and occur in ruderal places as a casual alien.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Further dispersal was not observed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="invasion status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Invasion status</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Casual.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">The historical occurrences have seemingly disappeared (the plant was not naturalised and the historical factors of introduction are no longer in place). The recent ruderal occurrence was represented by a single plant and was apparently casual as well.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="evidence of impact">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Evidence of impact</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Agriculture - no impact (no longer occurring as a weed in gardens or on fields). Native ecosystems - no impact (not found outside populated places). Urban areas - minor impact (ruderal occurrences).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="80804" type="trend">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Trend</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="80804">Increasing (inferred).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |