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<document id="F8C249FA7A306F033B9D7061F5C0272A" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.244.2.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13678842" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725411675309" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Steyn, Hester M. &amp; Van Wyk, Abraham E." docDate="2016" docId="FC530A4C25553E0AFF01A677CB51FAFB" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.244.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 244 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.244.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Acanthopsis dregeana H. M. Steyn 2016, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="158" masterDocId="006A7234255F3E07FF89A037CF7CFFEE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the shrublet species of Acanthopsis (Acanthaceae, tribe Acantheae), with two new species from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="145" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1725431260659" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="007776520F25CA84FD97E4DCD7BF6E5F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2EBF4D0025E2DA35520F811D9D056159">
<mods:title id="550F9C2240D101A0F9AAD9F9F28ADE74">Taxonomic notes on the shrublet species of Acanthopsis (Acanthaceae, tribe Acantheae), with two new species from South Africa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6592D8AAC25BF6CAF7833ACA6C6E3B20" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E323D3CFB568F203982F5A49EECB9CD6">
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<mods:namePart id="410562C7AD5C7CC9C7B9CE899D1D7C59">Steyn, Hester M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CD4F9F1185F973C907BFEC126589FE71">National Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X 101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. &amp; H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role id="53C3E1071D19C0EE197064C2A27D12D1">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="840548F790C903BB0BFC3FEF11DAE54B">Van Wyk, Abraham E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8E36C8F77EB781E12AB3DBB685CAC094">H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7114E548D8734C875F02FBDA04856709">
<mods:title id="DDAA104D78248EE72FFD9DE6620E1C33">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="869D74931F5932DCBD85F8164D8657E3">
<mods:date id="894182D9118C881B1210D7CB21381607">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4670B92CBA9915EB401A99C5003B4878" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="AC1A7482B108C81EA35C7873B418B2F2">2016-01-18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0A1ECE67C37F4E0DCD60070DB9DBCEB0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FB350D6BBD09E4A8305AEFAC11541779">244</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8FCE3BD75F1BACC22DAF844A50CFBBE7">2</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="47A6461CCB376843EF1C8E603F9B6030">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.244.2.3</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="40B0C833CAB3216EB36FCED41E2AD384">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8F07009433560572350F23707EF768E0" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.244.2.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4CC1D53165F89036035EAF0729D03805" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E4FCCCBB25417324E078CFE5D0612A45" type="Zenodo-Dep">13678842</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FC530A4C25553E0AFF01A677CB51FAFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13678824" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13678824" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC530A4C25553E0AFF01A677CB51FAFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC530A4C25553E0AFF01A677CB51FAFB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
<subSubSection id="3CE0E8D125553E0DFF01A677CCEBF9B7" box="[136,919,1598,1625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25553E0DFF01A677CCEBF9B7" blockId="10.[136,919,1598,1625]" box="[136,919,1598,1625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
<heading id="2F0D0C3625553E0DFF01A677CCEBF9B7" box="[136,919,1598,1625]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" reason="4">
<emphasis id="468E674825553E0DFF01A677CFE1F9B7" bold="true" box="[136,157,1600,1625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925553E0DFF2DA609CD54F9B7" ID-CoL="8ZL6" authority="H.M.Steyn" authorityName="H. M. Steyn" authorityYear="2016" box="[164,552,1598,1625]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dregeana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="468E674825553E0DFF2DA609CED8F9B7" bold="true" box="[164,420,1598,1625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Acanthopsis dregeana</emphasis>
H.M.Steyn
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5DBDDA3325553E0DFDBDA677CDFFF9B7" box="[564,643,1600,1625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" rank="species">
<emphasis id="468E674825553E0DFDBDA677CD00F9B7" box="[564,636,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">sp.nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="ECC1A7DF25553E0DFD1BA677CD9CF9B7" box="[658,736,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1337,1358]" captionTargetBox="[218,1378,207,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[189,1401,187,1312]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Known distribution of the shrublet species of Acanthopsis: A. spathularis (○), A. horrida (●), A. erosa (■) and A. dregeana (▲)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13678846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13678846/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ECC1A7DF25553E0DFD67A677CC6EF9B7" box="[750,786,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1788,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,389,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-124@4.[151,1436,389,1763]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparison of floral parts in shrublet species of Acanthopsis (from left to right): bract(s), bracteoles, calyx (4 sepals: dorsal, ventral and 2 lateral ones) and flower. A. A. spathularis, B. A. horrida, C. A. erosa, D. A. dregeana. Note: the bract on the left is from lower down in the same inflorescence. Scale bar = 10 mm. Vouchers:A = Steyn 2135 (PRE), B = Koekemoer 4397 (PRE), C = Steyn 1874 (PRE), D = Steyn 1822 (PRE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13678854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13678854/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="ECC1A7DF25553E0DFC97A677CC50F9B7" box="[798,812,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[136,229,2024,2045]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,190,1990]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[215,1372,190,2000]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanned image of holotype of Acanthopsis dregeana H.M.Steyn (Steyn 1822, PRE)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13678864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13678864/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">6</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="ECC1A7DF25553E0DFCD9A677CCF3F9B7" box="[848,911,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[136,229,2000,2021]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[151,1436,190,1975]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Habit and flowers of A, A. spathularis, B. A. horrida, C. A. erosa, D. A. dregeana. Photographs: H.M. Steyn (A, a, B), M. Koekemoer (b, C, d), S.P. Bester (c, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13678868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13678868/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">7D, d</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3CE0E8D125553E0DFF01A6BDCB68F909" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25553E0DFF01A6BDCB68F909" blockId="10.[136,1452,1674,1839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="468E674825553E0DFF01A6BDCB68F909" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925553E0DFF01A6BDCEDEF971" box="[136,418,1674,1695]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="dregeana" subSpecies="differs">Acanthopsis dregeana differs</taxonomicName>
from all other shrublet members of
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925553E0DFC88A6BDCC0AF971" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1901" box="[769,886,1674,1695]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acanthopsis</taxonomicName>
in having middle to upper floral bracts ending in 3 ovate, mucronate to spinose lobes (vs. ending in 5(–7) drawn-out primary spines), middle to upper bracts with long, glandular hairs (vs. subsessile glandular hairs—when present) and a lemon-yellow (vs. white) corolla throat.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3CE0E8D125553E0AFF01A6C1CB67FD17" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25553E0DFF01A6C1CD21F8C1" blockId="10.[136,1452,1674,1839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="468E674825553E0DFF01A6C1CFBEF8E5" bold="true" box="[136,194,1782,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Type:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="C492B10725553E0DFF52A6C1CD25F8C1" collectingDate="2010-09-16" collectionCode="NBG" country="South Africa" location="Steyn" municipality="Namaqualand District" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" specimenCode="PRE0861475" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Northern Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="0CEDFBCA25553E0DFF52A6C1CEF0F8E5" box="[219,396,1782,1803]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="B63E75B825553E0DFE1EA6C1CD57F8E5" box="[407,555,1782,1803]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="9421212025553E0DFDBFA6C1CC72F8E5" box="[566,782,1782,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">Namaqualand District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation id="65F7A27825553E0DFC90A6C1CC84F8E5" box="[793,1016,1782,1803]" location="Eksteenfontein" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">NW of Eksteenfontein</locationDeviation>
, (2817CA),
<date id="00449D9A25553E0DFBFBA6C1CA4FF8E5" box="[1138,1331,1782,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" value="2010-09-16">
<collectingDate id="1000647225553E0DFBFBA6C1CA4FF8E5" box="[1138,1331,1782,1803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" value="2010-09-16">16 September 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="468E674825553E0DFAB6A6C1CAD7F8E5" box="[1343,1451,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
<location id="7125ED8125553E0DFAB6A6C1CA0FF8E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC530A4C25553E0AFF01A677CB51FAFB:7125ED8125553E0DFAB6A6C1CA0FF8E5" box="[1343,1395,1782,1803]" country="South Africa" municipality="Namaqualand District" name="Steyn" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Steyn</location>
1822
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="AB4105F825553E0DFF4DA72DCE66F8C1" box="[196,282,1818,1839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="245C132125553E0DFE96A72DCED5F8C1" box="[287,425,1818,1839]" collectionCode="PRE" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" type="Herbarium">PRE0861475</specimenCode>
-0!;
<typeStatus id="AB4105F825553E0DFE41A72DCD71F8C1" box="[456,525,1818,1839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="12EB239F25553E0DFD9AA72DCD32F8C1" box="[531,590,1818,1839]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25553E0AFF01A757CDB4FD63" blockId="10.[136,1452,1888,2093]" lastBlockId="13.[136,1452,160,1301]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="10" pageNumber="155">
Perennial shrublet,
<quantity id="B30216BF25553E0DFEE7A757CE9EF897" box="[366,482,1888,1913]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" unit="cm" value="27.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="15.0">15–40 cm</quantity>
tall. Stems brown (maroon when young), ribbed, almost glabrous to hirsute with deflexed short, white hairs; internodes (10–)
<quantity id="B30216BF25553E0DFD11A7B3CC64F873" box="[664,792,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="15.0">15–30 mm</quantity>
long. Leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate, 25–45(–50) × 7–10(–12) mm, appears glaucous with appressed, densely packed short hairs; margin undulate, coarsely dentate-spinose, spines rigid,
<quantity id="B30216BF25553E0DFE03A7FBCE97F80B" box="[394,491,1996,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
long, orange-brown; base attenuate, decurrent. Inflorescences cylindrical, clearly pedunculate, with 2 or 3 pairs of peduncular bracts;
<quantity id="B30216BF25553E0DFD68A7C7CC21F7E7" box="[737,861,2032,2057]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="30.0">30–55 mm</quantity>
long (excluding peduncle),
<quantity id="B30216BF25553E0DFB28A7C7CA60F7E7" box="[1185,1308,2032,2057]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
in diameter, peduncle (14–)20–40(–70) mm long, pubescent with short, spreading hairs. Bracts obovate to oblong,
<quantity id="B30216BF25553E0DFA97A823CAE4F7C3" box="[1310,1432,2068,2093]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="18.0">18–24 mm</quantity>
long, base
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFE8FA097CEFDFF57" box="[262,385,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10–13 mm</quantity>
long; lower bracts ending in 3(–5) primary spines, central primary spine always simple and recurved; middle to upper bracts oblong, 5 primary veins converging into 3 mucronate to spinose, ovate lobes with 2 outer lobes reduced, central primary spine always simple, spine tips often dark brown or maroon; peduncular bracts strigose with appressed, short hairs, lower fertile bracts strigose with appressed short hairs becoming more densely pubescent with long, glandular hairs towards the top of inflorescence. Bracteoles linear to sickle-shaped, unequal in length,
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFF76A163CE23FE83" box="[255,351,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
long; silky hairy, also with glandular hairs. Calyx with dorsal sepal oblong, acuminate,
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFAEFA163CFC8FE7F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10–11 mm</quantity>
long, silky hairy especially adaxially, also with short spreading and glandular hairs abaxially, 7–9-veined from base; ventral sepal ovate,
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFE38A1ABCD57FE5B" box="[433,555,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10–11 mm</quantity>
long, silky hairy especially adaxially, also with short spreading and glandular hairs abaxially, 5–7-veined from base; lateral sepals lanceolate, ending in spinous tip, broader at base,
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFAA1A1F7CA16FE37" box="[1320,1386,448,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long, silky hairy especially along margins, also with isolated glandular hairs. Flowers lilac to purple with lemon-yellow throat; corolla 23–25 ×
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFE1DA23FCD7EFDCF" box="[404,514,520,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
, tube 7(–8) mm long, pubescent; central lobe usually longer than wide, constricted at base, truncate. Stamens with brown anthers,
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFD22A21BCD91FDAB" box="[683,749,556,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long; filaments
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFC25A21BCB77FDAB" box="[940,1035,556,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long, glandular. Style with patch or ring of glandular hairs at base. Capsules narrowly ovate, flattened, glabrous, shiny, 7 ×
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFBFEA267CBC7FD87" box="[1143,1211,592,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, 2-seeded. Seeds 5 ×
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFF01A243CFB1FD63" box="[136,205,628,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, covered with long white hygroscopic hairs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2085EBD225543E0CFF01A7DFCB51F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13678864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13678864" box="[136,1069,2024,2045]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13678864/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" startId="11.[136,229,2024,2045]" targetBox="[215,1372,190,1990]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25543E0CFF01A7DFCB51F813" blockId="11.[136,1069,2024,2045]" box="[136,1069,2024,2045]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="468E674825543E0CFF01A7DFCF81F813" bold="true" box="[136,253,2024,2045]" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Scanned image of holotype of
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925543E0CFDA0A7DFCC11F813" authority="H. M. Steyn" authorityName="H. M. Steyn" authorityYear="2016" box="[553,877,2024,2045]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dregeana">
<emphasis id="468E674825543E0CFDA0A7DFCD83F813" box="[553,767,2024,2045]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">Acanthopsis dregeana</emphasis>
H.M.Steyn
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="468E674825543E0CFCF5A7DFCC9AF813" box="[892,998,2024,2045]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="156">Steyn 1822</emphasis>
, PRE).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2085EBD225533E0BFF01A7E7CD7AF7E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13678868" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13678868" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13678868/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" startId="12.[136,229,2000,2021]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1975]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25533E0BFF01A7E7CD7AF7E7" blockId="12.[136,1452,2000,2057]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="468E674825533E0BFF01A7E7CF83F80B" bold="true" box="[136,255,2000,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Habit and flowers of A,
<emphasis id="468E674825533E0BFE7BA7E7CDFCF80B" box="[498,640,2000,2021]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925533E0BFE7BA7E7CD00F80B" authorityName="Schinz" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Nees" box="[498,636,2000,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spathularis">A. spathularis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
B.
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925533E0BFD2DA7E7CC74F80B" box="[676,776,2000,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="468E674825533E0BFD2DA7E7CC74F80B" box="[676,776,2000,2021]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">A. horrida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, C.
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925533E0BFCBAA7E7CCFEF80B" box="[819,898,2000,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erosa">
<emphasis id="468E674825533E0BFCBAA7E7CCFEF80B" box="[819,898,2000,2021]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">A. erosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, D.
<emphasis id="468E674825533E0BFC27A7E7CB56F80B" box="[942,1066,2000,2021]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="157">
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925533E0BFC27A7E7CB5BF80B" authorityName="H. M. Steyn" authorityYear="2016" box="[942,1063,2000,2021]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="12" pageNumber="157" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dregeana">A. dregeana</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Photographs: H.M. Steyn (A, a, B), M. Koekemoer (b, C, d), S.P. Bester (c, D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25523E0AFF34A2AFCB67FD17" blockId="13.[136,1452,160,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="468E674825523E0AFF34A2AFCE46FD5F" bold="true" box="[189,314,664,689]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Eponymy:</emphasis>
—Named after Johann Fran(t)z Drège (1794–1881), horticulturalist, botanical collector and traveller, who collected most of the
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925523E0AFE33A28BCD3FFD3B" authorityName=", Clarke" authorityYear="1901" box="[442,579,700,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="468E674825523E0AFE33A28BCD3FFD3B" box="[442,579,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Acanthopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="AB4105F825523E0AFDC5A28BCD00FD3B" box="[588,636,700,725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">type</typeStatus>
specimens. Drège collected about 200 000 specimens (representing ca. 8 000 species) in
<collectingCountry id="0CEDFBCA25523E0AFEC5A2D7CEA7FD17" box="[332,475,736,761]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">South Africa</collectingCountry>
between 1826–1834 (
<bibRefCitation id="106BC6AB25523E0AFD5BA2D7CB73FD17" author="Glen, H. F. &amp; Germishuizen, G." box="[722,1039,736,761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" refId="ref9363" refString="Glen, H. F. &amp; Germishuizen, G. (2010) Botanical exploration of southern Africa, 2 nd ed. Strelitzia 26. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 489 pp." type="book" year="2010">Glen &amp; Germishuizen 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3CE0E8D125523E0AFF34A333CB51FAFB" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25523E0AFF34A333CDF4FC1B" blockId="13.[136,1452,160,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="468E674825523E0AFF34A333CD0EFCF3" bold="true" box="[189,626,772,797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Distribution, ecology and phenology:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925523E0AFD07A333CCFAFCF3" authorityName="H. M. Steyn" authorityYear="2016" box="[654,902,772,797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dregeana">
<emphasis id="468E674825523E0AFD07A333CCFAFCF3" box="[654,902,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Acanthopsis dregeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="0CEDFBCA25523E0AFBADA333CBCFFCF3" box="[1060,1203,772,797]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, and only known from two localities north-west of Eksteenfontein,
<collectingRegion id="B63E75B825523E0AFDFBA31FCC6BFCAF" box="[626,791,808,833]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="ECC1A7DF25523E0AFCADA31FCC18FCAF" box="[804,868,808,833]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1337,1358]" captionTargetBox="[218,1378,207,1283]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[189,1401,187,1312]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Known distribution of the shrublet species of Acanthopsis: A. spathularis (○), A. horrida (●), A. erosa (■) and A. dregeana (▲)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13678846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13678846/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). It is centred in the core part of the Gariep Centre of Endemism (
<bibRefCitation id="106BC6AB25523E0AFE87A37BCD62FC8B" author="Van Wyk, A. E. &amp; Smith, G. F." box="[270,542,844,869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" refId="ref10178" refString="Van Wyk, A. E. &amp; Smith, G. F. (2001) Regions of floristic endemism in southern Africa: a review with emphasis on succulents. Umdaus Press, Pretoria, 160 pp." type="book" year="2001">Van Wyk &amp; Smith 2001</bibRefCitation>
), this distribution falls within the Succulent Karoo Biome (
<bibRefCitation id="106BC6AB25523E0AFB39A37BCFBFFC67" author="Rutherford, M. C. &amp; Westfall, R. H." pageId="13" pageNumber="158" refId="ref9874" refString="Rutherford, M. C. &amp; Westfall, R. H. (1994) Biomes of southern Africa: an objective categorization. Memoir 63. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, 94 pp." type="book" year="1994">Rutherford &amp; Westfall 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="106BC6AB25523E0AFF44A347CECEFC67" author="Low, A. B. &amp; Rebelo, A. G." box="[205,434,880,905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" refId="ref9645" refString="Low, A. B. &amp; Rebelo, A. G. (Eds.) (1996) Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Department of Environmental Affairs &amp; Tourism, Pretoria, 85 pp." type="book" year="1996">Low &amp; Rebelo 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="106BC6AB25523E0AFE35A347CD91FC67" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C." box="[444,749,880,905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" refId="ref9754" refString="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. (Eds.) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp." type="book" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
) and within the Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland (SKr 1) vegetation
<typeStatus id="AB4105F825523E0AFEABA3A3CE2EFC43" box="[290,338,916,941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">type</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="106BC6AB25523E0AFEE9A3A3CDE5FC43" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C." box="[352,665,916,941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" refId="ref9754" refString="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. (Eds.) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp." type="book" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The mean annual rainfall in this area is
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFBEDA3A3CB91FC43" box="[1124,1261,916,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50–100 mm</quantity>
, received mainly in winter. The specimens were collected at elevations of
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFC81A38FCCFBFC3F" box="[776,903,952,977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="420.0" valueMax="440.0" valueMin="400.0">400–440 m</quantity>
on hill slopes in well-drained sandy loam, stony soils. Flowering time: August and September.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25523E0AFF34A437CFA0FBD3" blockId="13.[136,1452,160,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="468E674825523E0AFF34A437CE75FBF7" bold="true" box="[189,265,1024,1049]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Notes:</emphasis>
—Plants observed in nature were heavily grazed and most of the fruit were parasitized, apparently by insects.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25523E0AFF34A47FCAF8FB23" blockId="13.[136,1452,160,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="468E674825523E0AFF34A47FCEC2FB8F" bold="true" box="[189,446,1096,1121]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Conservation status:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="B3FAC0D925523E0AFE53A47FCDA1FB8F" authorityName="H. M. Steyn" authorityYear="2016" box="[474,733,1096,1121]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dregeana">
<emphasis id="468E674825523E0AFE53A47FCDA1FB8F" box="[474,733,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Acanthopsis dregeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from two sublocalities in the vicinity of Eksteenfontein, an area where severe overgrazing and trampling by domestic livestock are causing continuing loss and degradation of the habitat. Should grazing pressure continue to increase, the population is potentially at risk. The species therefore qualifies for Critically Endangered B1ab(iii,v) (
<bibRefCitation id="106BC6AB25523E0AFCE8A483CC94FB23" author="IUCN &amp; Cambridge, UK" box="[865,1000,1204,1229]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" refId="ref9529" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List categories and criteria version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, iv + 32 pp." type="book" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
) (L. von Staden, pers. comm. 2015).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7445BB5A25523E0AFF34A4EFCB51FAFB" blockId="13.[136,1452,160,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="468E674825523E0AFF34A4EFCD3BFB1F" bold="true" box="[189,583,1240,1265]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Additional specimens examined:</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="0CEDFBCA25523E0AFDEDA4EFCC4FFB1F" box="[612,819,1240,1265]" name="South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="B63E75B825523E0AFCC8A4EFCC93FB1F" box="[833,1007,1240,1265]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
: Namaqualand District,
<quantity id="B30216BF25523E0AFA8EA4EFCA2EFB1F" box="[1287,1362,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</quantity>
NW of Eksteenfontein on road to Khubus, (2817CA),
<date id="00449D9A25523E0AFD1DA4CBCC35FAFB" box="[660,841,1276,1301]" pageId="13" pageNumber="158" value="2012-08-23">23 August 2012</date>
,
<emphasis id="468E674825523E0AFCDDA4CBCCB3FAFB" box="[852,975,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="158">Steyn 1886</emphasis>
(PRE!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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