123 lines
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123 lines
10 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="D56FFF9CFF5D51FC2350DD75515688C4" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Antiaris toxicaria Lesch." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="150768918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D56FFF9CFF5D51FC2350DD75515688C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D56FFF9CFF5D51FC2350DD75515688C4" lastPageId="120" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<subSubSection pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName LSID="D56FFF9C-FF5D-51FC-2350-DD75515688C4" authority="Lesch." authorityName="Lesch." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Antiaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antiaris toxicaria" order="Rosales" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toxicaria">Antiaris toxicaria Lesch.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">hmya-seik</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">hkang-awng</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">aseik</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">English</emphasis>
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: upas tree.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Tropical Africa, Madagascar, tropical Asia to Philippine Islands and Fiji. In Myanmar, found in Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, and Yangon.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Latex</emphasis>
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: Used as a heart tonic and febrifuge; also as an arrow poison.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Seed</emphasis>
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: Has good febrifuge and antidysenteric properties (these good uses have also been mentioned for the leaves and bark).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="120" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="120" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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In India the seed is used for dysentery and as a febrifuge (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). A tribe in Borneo uses the latex in decoction as a febrifuge; they also
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<pageBreakToken pageId="120" pageNumber="121" start="start">apply</pageBreakToken>
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it to festering wounds and snakebites (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
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). The leaves and bark are said to have good febrifuge and antidysenteric properties; also the seed (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
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Reported chemical constituents of this species include a toxic glycoside; alpha-, beta-, gamma-antiarin; antiarol; and fats (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
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). Throughout the East, the
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">toxic</emphasis>
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sap (latex) from this species is known for its use as an arrow or dart poison, and much has been written about it. It proves fatal, however, only when it reaches the bloodstream, and can be taken into the mouth without any ill effects (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
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). The juice,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">in very small quantity</emphasis>
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, is a mild circulatory and cardiac stimulant, but in large doses it acts as a myocardial
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">poison</emphasis>
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; and has a strong digitalis-like action (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="120" pageNumber="121" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="120" pageNumber="121">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nordal, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Nordal, A, 1963. The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." title="The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." year="1963">Nordal (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |