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<mods:title id="3F2528BB4AEB0B8E0730EDADE788F7C0">Revision of the Oriental Genus Physodera Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Physoderina), with the descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE1782A2F9FC9D1F8BC195CA34F80D15">Ma, Yunlong</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="042587AE3A01FFEB0E8051D9FA82F908" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6046767" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127844188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6046767" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:042587AE3A01FFEB0E8051D9FA82F908" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/042587AE3A01FFEB0E8051D9FA82F908" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
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<paragraph id="8C3336B83A01FFEB0E8051D9FDD1FC5B" blockId="7.[151,534,906,966]" box="[151,534,906,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<heading id="D77B81D43A01FFEB0E8051D9FDD1FC5B" bold="true" box="[151,534,906,932]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0E8051D9FDD1FC5B" ID-CoL="4HHT5" authority="Heller, 1923" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,534,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburata">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0E8051D9FDD1FC5B" bold="true" box="[151,534,906,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0E8051D9FEBDFC5B" bold="true" box="[151,378,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Physodera eburata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E81D4B493A01FFEB0F9651D9FDD1FC5B" author="Heller" box="[385,534,906,932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refString="Heller, K. M. (1923) Some new Malayan Carabidae, especially Philippine. The Philippine Journal of Science, 23, 295 - 307." type="journal article" year="1923">Heller, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3336B83A01FFEB0E8051FEFF29FC39" blockId="7.[151,534,906,966]" box="[151,238,941,966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<figureCitation id="14B72A3D3A01FFEB0E8051FEFF2EFC39" box="[151,233,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 18" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1468,1490]" captionTargetBox="[151,1394,228,1444]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,223,1445]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 13 18. Habitus of type materials, scale bars = 2 mm: Fig. 13, holotype of P. diglena Andrewes; Fig. 14, syntype of P. dejeani Eschscholtz; Fig. 15, syntype of P. noctiluca Mohnike; Fig. 16, holotype of P. chalceres Andrewes; Fig. 17, lectotype of P. eburata Heller; Fig. 18, lectotype of P. bifnestrata Heller." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399099/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C49665333A01FFEB0E8051A6FD14FBD5" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" type="description">
<paragraph id="8C3336B83A01FFEB0E8051A6FD14FBD5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1013,1066]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<bibRefCitation id="E81D4B493A01FFEB0E8051A6FED2FBF4" author="Heller" box="[151,277,1013,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refString="Heller, K. M. (1923) Some new Malayan Carabidae, especially Philippine. The Philippine Journal of Science, 23, 295 - 307." type="journal article" year="1923">Heller 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 304 (Original:
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0FAA51A6FDEEFBF4" box="[445,553,1013,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0FAA51A6FDEEFBF4" box="[445,553,1013,1035]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Physodera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; type locality: Los Banos (Luzon); lectotype deposited in SNSD);
<bibRefCitation id="E81D4B493A01FFEB0AFF51A6FA9AFBF4" author="Csiki" box="[1256,1373,1013,1035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refString="Csiki, E. (1932) Carabidae: Harpalinae VII (Pars 124). In: Junk, W. &amp; Schenkling, S. (Eds.), Coleopterorum catalogus. Uol. III. Carabidae III. W Junk, Berlin, pp. 1279 - 1598." type="book chapter" year="1932">Csiki 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 1347 (catalogue);
<bibRefCitation id="E81D4B493A01FFEB0F515647FE12FBD5" author="Jedlicka" box="[326,469,1044,1066]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refString="Jedlicka, A. (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden, 28, 269 - 579." type="journal article" year="1963">Jedlička 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 301;
<bibRefCitation id="E81D4B493A01FFEB0C045647FD6EFBD5" author="Shi" box="[531,681,1044,1066]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refString="Shi, H. L., Zhou, H. Z. &amp; Liang, H. B. (2013) Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), with species revisions of eight genera. ZooKeys, 284, 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / Zookeys. 284.3983" type="journal article" year="2013">
Shi
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0C2C5646FDA9FBD5" box="[571,622,1044,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
: 41.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C49665333A01FFEB0E805605FDDFFB24" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8C3336B83A01FFEB0E805605FDDFFB24" blockId="7.[151,1437,1110,1783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0E805605FDC7FB90" bold="true" box="[151,512,1110,1135]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Material examined. Lectotype</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0C3E5605FC96FB90" authority="Heller" authorityName="Heller" box="[553,849,1110,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburata">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0C3E5605FCC6FB90" box="[553,769,1110,1135]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Physodera eburata</emphasis>
Heller
</taxonomicName>
, designated herein (SNSD), a female, &quot;Los Banos / P.I. Baker&quot;; &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0F395629FE42FB6C" box="[302,389,1146,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburata">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0F395629FE42FB6C" box="[302,389,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">eburata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Typus&quot; [red label]; &quot;1920 / 3&quot; [yellow label]; &quot;Staatl. Museum für / Tierkunde, Dresden&quot;. (
<figureCitation id="14B72A3D3A01FFEB0E8856CDFF37FB48" box="[159,240,1182,1207]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 12" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,196,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,195,1852]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 1 12. Labels for type materials: Fig. 1, holotype of P. diglena Andrewes; Fig. 2, syntype of P. dejeani Eschscholtz; Fig. 3, syntype of P. noctiluca Mohnike; Fig. 4, holotype of P. chalceres Andrewes; Fig. 5, lectotype of P. eburata Heller; Fig. 6, lectotype of P. bifnestrata Heller; Fig. 7, holotype of P. sciakyi sp. n. Fig. 8, holotype of Lachnoderma andrewesi Jedlička; Fig. 9, holotype of P. bacchusi Darlington; Fig. 10, holotype of P. unicolor, sp. n.; Fig. 11, lectotype of P. eschscholtzii Dejean; Fig. 12, lectotype of P. davidis Fairmaire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399098/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="14B72A3D3A01FFEB0EE856CCFED9FB48" box="[255,286,1183,1207]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 18" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1468,1490]" captionTargetBox="[151,1394,228,1444]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,223,1445]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 13 18. Habitus of type materials, scale bars = 2 mm: Fig. 13, holotype of P. diglena Andrewes; Fig. 14, syntype of P. dejeani Eschscholtz; Fig. 15, syntype of P. noctiluca Mohnike; Fig. 16, holotype of P. chalceres Andrewes; Fig. 17, lectotype of P. eburata Heller; Fig. 18, lectotype of P. bifnestrata Heller." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399099/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">17</figureCitation>
);
<materialsCitation id="3CE43CE53A01FFEB0F2256CCFDDFFB24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1439686150" collectionCode="SNSD" collectorName="W. Schultze &amp; Coll. W. &amp; Ankauf &amp; Staatl. Museum &amp; Tierkunde &amp; Dresden" location="Samar" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Samar">
<specimenCount id="9A8AFD313A01FFEB0F2256CCFE5FFB48" box="[309,408,1182,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="EA9DAE7D3A01FFEB0FBD56CCFE30FB48" box="[426,503,1183,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">SNSD</collectionCode>
), &quot;
<collectingRegion id="4E48F85A3A01FFEB0C0256CCFDA7FB48" box="[533,608,1183,1207]" country="Philippines" name="Samar" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Samar</collectingRegion>
Borongan, coll.
<collectorName id="2179536E3A01FFEB0D3656CDFC60FB48" box="[801,935,1182,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">W.Schultze</collectorName>
&quot;; &quot;
<collectorName id="2179536E3A01FFEB0DD056CDFBEEFB48" box="[967,1065,1182,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Coll. W.</collectorName>
Schultze,
<collectorName id="2179536E3A01FFEB0A8E56CDFB2AFB48" box="[1177,1261,1182,1207]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Ankauf</collectorName>
1942&quot;; &quot;
<collectorName id="2179536E3A01FFEB0B4456CDFF3EFB25" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Staatl. Museum</collectorName>
für
<collectorName id="2179536E3A01FFEB0F305691FE5BFB24" box="[295,412,1218,1243]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Tierkunde</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="2179536E3A01FFEB0FB05691FDCCFB24" box="[423,523,1218,1243]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Dresden</collectorName>
&quot;.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C49665333A01FFEB0ED056B5FE56F9E0" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8C3336B83A01FFEB0ED056B5FE20FA70" blockId="7.[151,1437,1110,1783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0ED056B5FE86FB00" bold="true" box="[199,321,1254,1279]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4B749B5D3A01FFEB0FCC56B5FD46FB01" box="[475,641,1254,1279]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="1.01" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" unit="mm" value="10.8" valueMax="11.5" valueMin="10.1">10.111.5 mm</quantity>
. Dorsal side black with metallic purple hue; pronotum
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0AE756B5FA96FB00" box="[1264,1361,1254,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">unicolor</taxonomicName>
; elytra with a pair of ivory callosities on disc, callosity about 1/4 as elytron in length, placed in the middle of elytron, round in shape, strongly notched posteriorly. Tergum and sternum VII without distinct pattern. Antennameres 511 distinctly widened and flattened. Elytral third interval with two setigerous pores, the fifth with only one pore near base; apical margin truncated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3336B83A01FFEB0ED057C9FE56F9E0" blockId="7.[151,1437,1110,1783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
Together with
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0F7E57CFFDCDFA4C" box="[361,522,1434,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifenestrata">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0F7E57CFFDCDFA4C" box="[361,522,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">P. bifenestrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0C2857CFFD6FFA4C" box="[575,680,1434,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciakyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0C2857CFFD6FFA4C" box="[575,680,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">P. sciakyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5CB57D13A01FFEB0CB957C9FD2AFA4C" box="[686,749,1434,1459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0CB957C9FD2AFA4C" bold="true" box="[686,749,1434,1459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0CED57CFFCABFA4C" box="[762,876,1434,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburata">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0CED57CFFCABFA4C" box="[762,876,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">P. eburata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily distinguished from other species of
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0E8057EDFEC8FA28" box="[151,271,1470,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0E8057EDFEC8FA28" box="[151,271,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Physodera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of ivory callosities on elytra. These three species have differences in the shape of elytra callosities (round with a notch in
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0C3357B7FD5CFA04" box="[548,667,1506,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburata">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0C3357B7FD5CFA04" box="[548,667,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">P. eburata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and without a notch in
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0DD657B7FBA0FA04" box="[961,1127,1506,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifenestrata">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0DD657B7FBA0FA04" box="[961,1127,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">P. bifenestrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0AB357B7FAD5FA04" box="[1188,1298,1506,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciakyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0AB357B7FAD5FA04" box="[1188,1298,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">P. sciakyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5CB57D13A01FFEB0B0B57B1FAA7FA04" box="[1308,1376,1506,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" rank="species">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0B0B57B1FAA7FA04" bold="true" box="[1308,1376,1506,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) and different distributions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C49665333A01FFEB0ED05479FDE4F998" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" type="description">
<paragraph id="8C3336B83A01FFEB0ED05479FE32F9BC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1110,1783]" box="[199,501,1578,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0ED05479FEBFF9BC" bold="true" box="[199,376,1578,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C3336B83A01FFEB0ED0541DFDE4F998" blockId="7.[151,1437,1110,1783]" box="[199,547,1614,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0ED0541DFE54F998" bold="true" box="[199,403,1614,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Not studied.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C49665333A01FFEB0ED05421FBC3F974" box="[199,1028,1650,1675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8C3336B83A01FFEB0ED05421FBC3F974" blockId="7.[151,1437,1110,1783]" box="[199,1028,1650,1675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0ED05421FEA7F974" bold="true" box="[199,352,1650,1675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the
<collectingCountry id="F49B76283A01FFEB0C775421FD19F974" box="[608,734,1650,1675]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(Luzon,
<collectingRegion id="4E48F85A3A01FFEB0D535420FC57F974" box="[836,912,1651,1675]" country="Philippines" name="Samar" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Samar</collectingRegion>
). (
<figureCitation id="14B72A3D3A01FFEB0DBC5421FC3BF974" box="[939,1020,1650,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 65" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[209,1392,1097,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[209,1392,1097,1953]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 65. Known distribution of Physodera eburata group: * P. eburata Heller; ● P. bifenestrata Heller; Ɨ P. sciakyi sp. n., type localities for valid names in red." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/399116/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C49665333A01FFEB0ED054C5FA82F908" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8C3336B83A01FFEB0ED054C5FA82F908" blockId="7.[151,1437,1110,1783]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0ED054C5FEFCF950" bold="true" box="[199,315,1686,1711]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the original literature,
<bibRefCitation id="E81D4B493A01FFEB0C4854C5FD30F950" author="Heller" box="[607,759,1686,1711]" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" refString="Heller, K. M. (1923) Some new Malayan Carabidae, especially Philippine. The Philippine Journal of Science, 23, 295 - 307." type="journal article" year="1923">Heller (1923)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that this species has elytra dull in apical part, and shining in
<taxonomicName id="4B8C4D3B3A01FFEB0F1A54EFFE68F92C" box="[269,431,1722,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Physodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifenestrata">
<emphasis id="BEF8EAAA3A01FFEB0F1A54EFFE68F92C" box="[269,431,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="304">P. bifenestrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, after examined a &quot;normal&quot; specimen in the collection of SNSD, we found that the dull elytra of the lectotype is caused by deformation when emergence, and not a taxonomical character.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>