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<document id="BD8CBF58AC23EEADCA394D3FF1427518" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.178057" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79ee03d8-6cad-4130-b3fd-7bb75a3311ce" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="178057" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459880918657" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ng, Peter K. L. &amp; Castro, Peter" docDate="2007" docId="AE7087A7FFDDFFCCAADEF95BFAE0F87F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01549p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1549" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Euryplacidae Stimpson 1871" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="5249FFDFFFDDFFCDAA49FF9FFFEEFFC5" masterDocTitle="On a new genus and species of euryplacid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea) from the Philippines" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698227499782" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0F31ACF9505008D9E3CBD9DF089B60FB">On a new genus and species of euryplacid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea) from the Philippines</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6483CA2E1F12FFBC60D838B4006FB250">Ng, Peter K. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5017C5A82E91F9149702F8DC79634F7E">2007</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="6EC3653AFFDDFFCDAADEF95BFD8CF91B" box="[151,610,1732,1758]" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="266636B1FFDDFFCDAADEF95BFD8CF91B" blockId="0.[151,610,1732,1758]" box="[151,610,1732,1758]" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="7D2E81DDFFDDFFCDAADEF95BFD8CF91B" bold="true" box="[151,610,1732,1758]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDDFFCDAADEF95BFD8CF91B" bold="true" box="[151,610,1732,1758]" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Family
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDDFFCDAABFF95BFD8CF91B" ID-CoL="7NJF3" authority="Stimpson, 1871" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1871" box="[246,610,1732,1758]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6EC3653AFFDDFFCCAADEF890FAE0F87F" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="266636B1FFDDFFCCAADEF890FCD0FE67" blockId="0.[151,1437,1807,2033]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,151,1978]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDDFFCDAADEF890FEE7F8EC" bold="true" box="[151,265,1807,1833]" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Remarks</emphasis>
. The taxonomy of the
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDDFFCDA868F890FD2CF8EC" box="[545,706,1807,1833]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Goneplacidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDDFFCDA885F88FFCABF8EC" box="[716,837,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">sensu lato</emphasis>
has always been contentious, with many workers using it as a “dumping ground” for problematic taxa. Over the years, some workers have started to reappraise the status of the various subfamilies traditionally placed in the family. The reappraisal of the
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDDFFCDAEB2F8C0FA72F8BC" box="[1275,1436,1887,1913]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Goneplacidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDDFFCDAADEF817FEE1F864" box="[151,271,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">sensu lato</emphasis>
started with the pioneering work of
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDDFFCDA88EF818FC9AF864" author="Guinot" box="[711,884,1927,1953]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1969 a) Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements naturels chez les Crustacs Dcapodes Brachyoures. VII. Les Goneplacidae. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 41 (1), 241 - 265." type="journal article" year="1969" yearSuffix="a">Guinot (1969a</bibRefCitation>
–
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDDFFCDA9CCF818FC7CF864" author="Guinot" box="[901,914,1927,1953]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1969 c) Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements naturels chez les Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. VII. Les Goneplacidae (suite et fin). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 41 (3), 688 - 724." type="journal article" year="1969" yearSuffix="c">c</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDDFFCDA9D6F818FC32F864" author="Guinot" box="[927,988,1927,1953]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1971) Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements naturels chez les Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. VIII. Synthese et bibliographie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 42 (5), 1063 - 1090." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDDFFCDA9A2F818FBC9F864" author="Guinot" box="[1003,1063,1927,1953]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1979) Donnees nouvelles sur la morphologie, la phylogenese et la taxonomie des Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, (A) Zoologie, 112, 1 - 354." type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
) when she introduced suites of characters that demonstrated the family grouping was heterogeneous. In recent years, the structure of the
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDDFFCDAADEF848FED6F834" box="[151,312,2007,2033]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Goneplacidae</taxonomicName>
has been discussed and re-examined by a number of authors (
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDDFFCDAE08F848FA9AF834" author="Karasawa" box="[1089,1396,2007,2033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refString="Karasawa, H. &amp; Kato, H. (2003 a) The family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura): systematics, phylogeny and fossil records. Paleontological Research, 7 (2), 129 - 151." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Karasawa &amp; Kato 2003a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDDFFCDAFCCF848FA79F834" author="Karasawa" box="[1413,1431,2007,2033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refString="Karasawa, H. &amp; Kato, H. (2003 b) The phylogeny, systematics and fossil record of the Goneplacidae MacLeay (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) revisited. Contributions in Zoology, 72 (2 - 3), 147 - 152." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAADEFF08FEDDFF77" author="Stevcic" box="[151,307,151,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2005) The reclassification of Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Fauna Croatica, 14, 1, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAB08FF07FD4AFF77" author="Karasawa" box="[321,676,152,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Karasawa, H. &amp; Schweitzer, M. (2006) A new classification of the Xanthoidea sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) based on phylogenetic analysis and traditional systematics and evaluation of all fossil Xanthoidea sensu lato. Contributions to Zoology, 75 (1 / 2), 23 - 73." type="journal article" year="2006">Karasawa &amp; Schweitzer 2006</bibRefCitation>
; Castro in press, Ng &amp; Manuel-Santos in press) and some problems have been solved. Castro (in press) and Ng &amp; Manuel-Santos (in press) reviewed in depth the taxonomic changes that have taken place and the various taxa that should now be regarded as part of the Goneplacoidea. This recognition of Goneplacoidea for taxa allied to the
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA970FE8FFC34FEEF" box="[825,986,272,298]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Goneplacidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA9AAFE8FFB96FEEC" box="[995,1144,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">sensu stricto</emphasis>
has been necessary (see
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAADEFEA8FEDAFE97" author="Stevcic" box="[151,308,311,338]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2005) The reclassification of Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Fauna Croatica, 14, 1, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAB0BFEA7FD47FE97" author="Karasawa" box="[322,681,312,338]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Karasawa, H. &amp; Schweitzer, M. (2006) A new classification of the Xanthoidea sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) based on phylogenetic analysis and traditional systematics and evaluation of all fossil Xanthoidea sensu lato. Contributions to Zoology, 75 (1 / 2), 23 - 73." type="journal article" year="2006">Karasawa &amp; Schweitzer 2006</bibRefCitation>
), although its composition differs markedly from that proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAAF5FEC0FE85FEBF" author="Stevcic" box="[188,363,351,378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2005) The reclassification of Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Fauna Croatica, 14, 1, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. Readers should consult Castro (in press) and Ng &amp; Manuel-Santos (in press) for a full discussion of the taxonomic complexities of the superfamily.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="266636B1FFDCFFCCAA8FFE2FFD38FC47" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
With regard to the
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCABE3FE2FFCE4FE0F" authority="Stimpson, 1871" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1871" box="[426,778,432,458]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871</taxonomicName>
, which had been regarded as a subfamily of the
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAF1AFE2FFF17FE37" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Goneplacidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAB48FE47FE97FE34" box="[257,377,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">sensu lato</emphasis>
until recently, we regard the following characters as diagnostic for euryplacids: the male genital openings are coxo-sternal; the abdomen is distinctly T-shaped with somites 4–6 and the telson distinctly transversely narrowed, the press-button of the male abdominal locking mechanism is on the anterior edge of thoracic sternite 5 (near suture 4/5), the adult female abdomen is relatively narrow and does not completely cover the surface of the thoracic sternum, the G1 is very slender, elongated and simple, with the distal part tapering to a narrow apex and the distal surface lined with prominent spinules (dorsoventrally flattened, distal part truncated, with spinules only along margins in
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA901FD57FC40FD24" box="[840,942,712,737]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sotoplacidae" genus="Sotoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA901FD57FC40FD24" box="[840,942,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Sotoplax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; dorsoventrally flattened, with distal part only slightly expanded, without spinules in
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA8DFFD6FFCD2FCCC" box="[662,828,752,777]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Chasmophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA8DFFD6FFCD2FCCC" box="[662,828,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Chasmophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the G2 is short, always less than a third the length of the G1; and the vulva of the female is relatively small and lacks a vulvar cover (see also Castro (in press) for a summary of the differences between euryplacids and other taxa) and the thoracic sternite 8 is not visible (from ventral view) when the abdomen is closed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="266636B1FFDCFFCCAA8FFC0FFC72FA1F" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
The carapace characters enumerated by
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA8E8FC10FCA0FC6F" author="Stevcic" box="[673,846,911,938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2005) The reclassification of Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Fauna Croatica, 14, 1, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić (2005)</bibRefCitation>
and Kato &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA9A3FC0FFB28FC6F" box="[1002,1222,912,938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Karasawa, H. &amp; Schweitzer, M. (2006) A new classification of the Xanthoidea sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) based on phylogenetic analysis and traditional systematics and evaluation of all fossil Xanthoidea sensu lato. Contributions to Zoology, 75 (1 / 2), 23 - 73." type="journal article">Schweitzer (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, although broadly useful, are not reliable as indicators of brachyuran phylogeny because there is too much convergence. Although carapace characters are useful in paleontological studies, sometimes being the only available characters, too much emphasis on them can lead to erroneous conclusions. Many previous cases show that the use of general carapace features can be misleading (see
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA8BCFBAFFC79FB8F" author="Guinot" box="[757,919,1072,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1969 a) Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements naturels chez les Crustacs Dcapodes Brachyoures. VII. Les Goneplacidae. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 41 (1), 241 - 265." type="journal article" year="1969" yearSuffix="a">Guinot 1969a</bibRefCitation>
–
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA9E1FBAFFC5BFB8F" author="Guinot" box="[936,949,1072,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1969 c) Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements naturels chez les Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. VII. Les Goneplacidae (suite et fin). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 41 (3), 688 - 724." type="journal article" year="1969" yearSuffix="c">c</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA989FBAFFC13FB8F" author="Guinot" box="[960,1021,1072,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1971) Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements naturels chez les Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. VIII. Synthese et bibliographie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 42 (5), 1063 - 1090." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAE40FBAFFBA8FB8F" author="Guinot" box="[1033,1094,1072,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1978) Principes d'une classification evolutive des Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique, n. s., 112 (3), 211 - 292, figs. 1 - 3, 1 tab." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAE1BFBAFFB61FB8F" author="Guinot" box="[1106,1167,1072,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1979) Donnees nouvelles sur la morphologie, la phylogenese et la taxonomie des Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, (A) Zoologie, 112, 1 - 354." type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAED2FBAFFB37FB8F" author="Guinot" box="[1179,1241,1072,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1989) Le genre Carcinoplax H. Milne Edwards, 1852 (Crustacea, Brachyura: Goneplacidae). In: J. Forest (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Vol. 5. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, (A), 144, 265 - 345." type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
; Ng 1987; Ng &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAADEFBC7FEC0FBB7" author="Clark" box="[151,302,1112,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Clark, P. F. (2000 a) The eumedonid file: a case study of systematic compatibility using larval and adult characters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 38 (3), 225 - 252." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Clark 2000a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAB74FBC7FEA0FBB7" author="Clark" box="[317,334,1112,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Clark, P. F. (2000 b) The Indo-Pacific Pilumnidae XII. On the familial placement of Chlorodiella bidentata (Nobili, 1901) and Tanaocheles stenochilus Kropp, 1984 using adult and larval characters with the establishment of a new subfamily, Tanaochelinae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Journal of Natural History, 34, 207 - 245." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
; Castro
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCABFFFBC7FE1AFBB4" box="[438,500,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2004; Ng 2003). To this effect, even though the carapace of
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAEA1FBC7FA8FFBB4" box="[1256,1377,1112,1137]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Xenocrate" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAEA1FBC7FA8FFBB4" box="[1256,1377,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Xenocrate</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0F9E57D8FFDCFFCCAF22FBC7FF30FB5F" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is similar to that of some species of
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA8F6FB1FFB7EFB5F" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1852" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1852" box="[703,1168,1152,1178]" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Carcinoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA8F6FB1FFCBEFB5C" box="[703,848,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Carcinoplax</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA9CFFB1FFB7EFB5F" author="Milne" box="[902,1168,1152,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1852) De la famille des Ocypodides (Ocypodidae). Second Memoire, In: Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Annales des Sciences Naturelle (Zoologies), 18, 128 - 166, pls. 3, 4." type="journal article" year="1852">Milne Edwards, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, family
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAEB2FB1FFD51FB07" authority="MacLeay, 1838 sensu Karasawa &amp; Kato, 2003" authorityName="MacLeay, 1838 sensu Karasawa &amp; Kato" authorityYear="2003" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Goneplacidae
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAADEFB37FEA1FB07" author="MacLeay" box="[151,335,1192,1218]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Macleay, W. S. (1838) On the Brachyurous Decapod Crustacea. Brought from the Cape by Dr. Smith. In: A. Smith, Illustrations of the Annulosa of South Africa; being a portion of the objects of natural history chiefly collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, under the direction of Dr. Andrew Smith, in the years 1834, 1835, and 1836; fitted out the &quot; Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa &quot;, together with a summary of African Zoology, and an inquiry into the geographical ranges of species in that quarter of the globe, Published under the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, Invertebratae. London: Smith, Elder &amp; Co., pp. 53 - 71, pls. 2, 3." type="journal article" year="1838">MacLeay, 1838</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAB1FFB37FE79FB04" box="[342,407,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">sensu</emphasis>
Karasawa &amp; Kato, 2003
</taxonomicName>
(see also Castro in press), it otherwise possesses all the diagnostic features of the
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCABD3FB4FFDDBFB2F" box="[410,565,1232,1258]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euryplacidae</taxonomicName>
as presently defined: male abdomen that is proportionately more slender (especially somites 4–6) and T-shaped; female abdomen that is relatively narrow, leaving a good part of the thoracic sternum exposed; relatively more slender G1 with a pointed apex and the distal part armed with many prominent spinules; and G2 that is much shorter than the G1 (less than a third the length of the G1)
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAF6DFAD7FA72FAA4" box="[1316,1436,1352,1377]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Xenocrate" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAF6DFAD7FA72FAA4" box="[1316,1436,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Xenocrate</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is undoubtedly an euryplacid. In addition, a ridged carapace, the slightly bilobed front, the presence of a large tooth on the inner margin of each suborbital margin, and the absence of a vulvar cover in
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAE88FA07FAD4FA74" box="[1217,1338,1432,1457]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Xenocrate" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAE88FA07FAD4FA74" box="[1217,1338,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Xenocrate</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are features that are diagnostic of euryplacids rather than of goneplacids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="266636B1FFDCFFCCAA8FFA77FAE0F87F" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
Twelve genera are currently recognised as members of the
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA9C2FA77FBC5F9C7" box="[907,1067,1512,1538]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euryplacidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAE7EFA77FA79F9C7" authority="Rathbun, 1914" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1914" box="[1079,1431,1512,1538]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Chasmophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAE7EFA77FB33F9C4" box="[1079,1245,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Chasmophora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAEAFFA77FA79F9C7" author="Rathbun" box="[1254,1431,1512,1538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1914) A new genus and some new species of crabs of the family Goneplacidae. Scientific Results of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries Streamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; 1907 - 1910. No. 32. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 48 (2067), 137 - 154." type="journal article" year="1914">Rathbun, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAADEF98FFE41F9EF" authority="De Haan, 1835" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,431,1552,1578]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Eucrate" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAADEF98FFF1AF9EC" box="[151,244,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Eucrate</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5ECE7621FFDCFFCCAAB2F98FFEF3F9EF" box="[251,285,1552,1578]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">De</collectingCountry>
Haan, 1835
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCABF5F98FFC81F9EF" authority="A. Milne-Edwards, 1880" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1880" box="[444,879,1552,1578]" class="Malacostraca" family="Xanthidae" genus="Eucratodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCABF5F98FFDACF9EC" box="[444,578,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Eucratodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA800F98FFC81F9EF" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[585,879,1552,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1880) Etudes preliminaries sur les Crustaces, 1 ere partie. In: Reports on the Results of Dredging under the Supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877, ' 78, ' 79, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer &quot; Blake &quot;, Lieut. - Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., Commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8 (1), 1068, pls. 1, 2." type="journal article" year="1880">A. Milne-Edwards, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA935F98FFB47F9EF" authority="Stimpson, 1859" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1859" box="[892,1193,1552,1578]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Euryplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA935F98FFC06F9EC" box="[892,1000,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Euryplax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA9A6F98FFB47F9EF" author="Stimpson" box="[1007,1193,1552,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Stimpson, W. (1859) Notes on North American Crustacea, No. 1. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 7, 49 - 93, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1859">Stimpson, 1859</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAEFFF98FFACEF9EC" box="[1206,1312,1552,1577]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Frevillea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAEFFF98FFACEF9EC" box="[1206,1312,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Frevillea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. Milne-
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAADEF9A7FEA2F997" author="Edwards" box="[151,332,1592,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1880) Etudes preliminaries sur les Crustaces, 1 ere partie. In: Reports on the Results of Dredging under the Supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877, ' 78, ' 79, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer &quot; Blake &quot;, Lieut. - Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., Commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8 (1), 1068, pls. 1, 2." type="journal article" year="1880">Edwards, 1880</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAB12F9A7FD4AF997" authority="Stimpson, 1858" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[347,676,1592,1618]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Heteroplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAB12F9A7FE30F994" box="[347,478,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Heteroplax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCABAEF9A7FD4AF997" author="Stimpson" box="[487,676,1592,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Stimpson, W. (1858) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum quoe in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum eptentrionalem a Republica Federata Missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johann Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit - Part V, Crustacea Ocypodoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9, 93 - 110." type="journal article" year="1858">Stimpson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA8FAF9A7FC39F997" authority="Leach, 1818" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1818" box="[691,983,1592,1618]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Machaerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA8FAF9A7FCD9F994" box="[691,823,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Machaerus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA908F9A7FC39F997" author="Leach" box="[833,983,1592,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Leach, W. E. (1817 - 1818) A General Notice of the Animals Taken by Mr. John Cranch, during the Expedition to Explore the Source of the River Zaire. In: J. K. Tuckey, Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire, Usually Called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816, Under the Direction of Captain J. K. Tuckey, R. N., To Which Is Added, the Journal of Professor Smith, Some General Observations on the Country and its Inhabitants, and an Appendix: Containing the Natural History of that Part of the Kingdom of Congo Through Which the Zaire Flows. London. Pp. 407 - 419 (1818), 1 plate (1817)." type="book" year="1818">Leach, 1818</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA9ACF9A7FA76F997" authority="Lemaitre, Garcia-Gomez" authorityName="Lemaitre, Garcia-Gomez" box="[997,1432,1592,1618]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Nancyplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA9ACF9A7FB8CF994" box="[997,1122,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Nancyplax</emphasis>
Lemaitre, García-Gómez
</taxonomicName>
, von
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAA82F9FFFDCAF9BF" author="Sternberg" box="[203,548,1632,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Lemaitre, R., Garcia-Gomez, J., Sternberg, R. v. &amp; Campos, E. (2001) A new genus and species of goneplacid crab (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Goneplacidae) from the Caribbean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114 (4), 938 - 943." type="journal article" year="2001">Sternberg and Campos, 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA87BF9FFFC97F9BF" authority="Sakai, 1969" authorityName="Sakai" authorityYear="1969" box="[562,889,1632,1658]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Psopheticoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA87BF9FFFD0AF9BC" box="[562,740,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Psopheticoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA8A5F9FFFC97F9BF" author="Sakai" box="[748,889,1632,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Sakai, T. (1969) Two new genera and twenty-two new species of crabs from Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82, 243 - 280." type="journal article" year="1969">Sakai, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA9CEF9FFFB7AF9BF" authority="Guinot, 1984" authorityName="Guinot" authorityYear="1984" box="[903,1172,1632,1658]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sotoplacidae" genus="Sotoplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA9CEF9FFFC03F9BC" box="[903,1005,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Sotoplax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA9BFF9FFFB7AF9BF" author="Guinot" box="[1014,1172,1632,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D., 1984. Decouverte d'un nouveau genre de crabe dans le Golfe du Mexique, Sotoplax robertsi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura). Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 11 (1), 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1984">Guinot, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAEEBF9FFFF3AF967" authority="Guinot, 1969" authorityName="Guinot" authorityYear="1969" class="Malacostraca" family="Pseudorhombilidae" genus="Trapezioplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAEEBF9FFFAD5F9BC" box="[1186,1339,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Trapezioplax</emphasis>
Guinot, 1969
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAB51F917FD9DF967" authority="Rathbun, 1914" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1914" box="[280,627,1672,1698]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Trizocarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAB51F917FE56F964" box="[280,440,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Trizocarcinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAB8AF917FD9DF967" author="Rathbun" box="[451,627,1672,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1914) A new genus and some new species of crabs of the family Goneplacidae. Scientific Results of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries Streamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; 1907 - 1910. No. 32. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 48 (2067), 137 - 154." type="journal article" year="1914">Rathbun, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA8FEF917FCB2F967" author="Guinot" box="[695,860,1672,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1969 a) Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements naturels chez les Crustacs Dcapodes Brachyoures. VII. Les Goneplacidae. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 41 (1), 241 - 265." type="journal article" year="1969" yearSuffix="a">Guinot 1969a</bibRefCitation>
–
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA924F917FC94F967" author="Guinot" box="[877,890,1672,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1969 c) Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements naturels chez les Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. VII. Les Goneplacidae (suite et fin). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 41 (3), 688 - 724." type="journal article" year="1969" yearSuffix="c">c</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA9C0F917FC28F967" author="Guinot" box="[905,966,1672,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1971) Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements naturels chez les Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. VIII. Synthese et bibliographie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 42 (5), 1063 - 1090." type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA99CF917FBFDF967" author="Guinot" box="[981,1043,1672,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1978) Principes d'une classification evolutive des Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique, n. s., 112 (3), 211 - 292, figs. 1 - 3, 1 tab." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAE6AF917FAF0F967" author="Lemaitre" box="[1059,1310,1672,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Lemaitre, R., Garcia-Gomez, J., Sternberg, R. v. &amp; Campos, E. (2001) A new genus and species of goneplacid crab (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Goneplacidae) from the Caribbean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114 (4), 938 - 943." type="journal article" year="2001">
Lemaitre
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAED1F917FB38F964" box="[1176,1238,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
; Castro in press). Surprisingly, only three euryplacid genera,
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCA8ADF92FFC2AF90C" authority="Heteropla" authorityName="Heteropla" box="[740,964,1712,1738]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Eucrate" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA8ADF92FFCAFF90C" box="[740,833,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Eucrate</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA906F92FFC2AF90C" box="[847,964,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Heteropla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
x and
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAE45F92FFB50F90C" box="[1036,1214,1712,1737]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" genus="Psopheticoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAE45F92FFB50F90C" box="[1036,1214,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Psopheticoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occur in the Indo- West Pacific, with the others being wholly Atlantic or eastern Pacific in distribution.
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAEDFF947FEA9F8DF" authority="Rathbun, 1902" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1902" class="Malacostraca" family="Goneplacidae" genus="Goneplax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maldivensis">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAEDFF947FA72F934" box="[1174,1436,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Goneplax maldivensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAADEF89FFEA9F8DF" author="Rathbun" box="[151,327,1792,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1902). Crabs from the Maldive Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 39 (5), 123 - 138, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1902">Rathbun, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Indian Ocean is also clearly a euryplacid (see
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCA9A0F89FFB7FF8DF" author="Guinot" box="[1001,1169,1792,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Guinot, D. (1969 b) Recherches preliminaires sur les groupements naturels chez les Crustaces Decapodes Brachyoures. VII. Les Goneplacidae (suite). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (2) 41 (3), 507 - 528." type="journal article" year="1969" yearSuffix="b">Guinot 1969b</bibRefCitation>
: 518; Castro in press).
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAADEF8B8FEA8F887" author="Stevcic" box="[151,326,1831,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refString="Stevcic, Z. (2005) The reclassification of Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Fauna Croatica, 14, 1, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="2005">Števčić (2005)</bibRefCitation>
referred Rathbun’s species to a new genus,
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCA922F8B7FC19F884" box="[875,1015,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Otmaroplax</emphasis>
, but his name is a
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAEA2F8B7FA7BF884" box="[1259,1429,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">nomen nudum</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="42484B40FFDCFFCCAADEF8CFFDE6F8AF" author="Karasawa" box="[151,520,1872,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="47" refString="Karasawa, H. &amp; Schweitzer, M. (2006) A new classification of the Xanthoidea sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) based on phylogenetic analysis and traditional systematics and evaluation of all fossil Xanthoidea sensu lato. Contributions to Zoology, 75 (1 / 2), 23 - 73." type="journal article" year="2006">Karasawa &amp; Schweitzer (2006)</bibRefCitation>
also list eight exclusively fossil genera in the family. A revision of the family
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAADEF8E7FEDCF857" box="[151,306,1912,1938]" class="Malacostraca" family="Euryplacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Euryplacidae</taxonomicName>
by the authors is now in progress and will help clarify the taxonomy of the group. Certain genera, like
<taxonomicName id="E1D94D32FFDCFFCCAB6EF83FFE23F87C" box="[295,461,1952,1977]" class="Malacostraca" family="Panopeidae" genus="Chasmophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14ADEAA3FFDCFFCCAB6EF83FFE23F87C" box="[295,461,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Chasmophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are unusual and their taxonomic position will need to be re-appraised.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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