treatments-xml/data/28/FD/AB/28FDABE262FC5983B736626A8F777467.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035" ID-GBIF-Dataset="71d0f8e1-34d4-4be1-83fc-c60fc8b2be2d" ID-PMC="PMC8062386" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1031-183" ID-Pensoft-UUID="091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F" ID-PubMed="33958913" ID-ZooBank="1014D0C2C459448CA15E69084DD2039E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1031-183" checkinTime="1618544342754" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Decaens, Thibaud, Beneluz, Frederic, Ballesteros-Mejia, Liliana, Bonilla, Diego &amp; Rougerie, Rodolphe" docDate="2021" docId="28FDABE262FC5983B736626A8F777467" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1031: 183-204" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1031" docPubDate="2021-04-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035" docTitle="Automeris belemensis Decaens, Rougerie &amp; Beneluz 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A1CECFCF-0A6B-4128-B4FE-673D66FB6255" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F" masterDocTitle="Description of three new species of Automeris Huebner, 1819 from Colombia and Brazil (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, Hemileucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="204" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="183" updateTime="1668150145509" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Description of three new species of Automeris Huebner, 1819 from Colombia and Brazil (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, Hemileucinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Decaens, Thibaud</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-3882</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thibaud.decaens@cefe.cnrs.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beneluz, Frederic</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Socie ́ te ́ entomologique Antilles-Guyane (SEAG), 18, Lotissement Amaryllis, F- 97354 Remire-Montjoly, French Guiana</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ballesteros-Mejia, Liliana</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-8652</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (ISYEB), Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Univ des Antilles, Paris, France &amp; CESAB, Centre de Synthese et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversite, Montpellier, France &amp; Grupo de Investigacion Diseno, Imagen y Comunicacion. Facultad de Creacion y Comunicacion. Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bonilla, Diego</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Tapuragua Reserva Natural de la sociedad civil, Yopal, Casanare, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rougerie, Rodolphe</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0937-2815</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (ISYEB), Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Univ des Antilles, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1031</mods:number>
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<mods:start>183</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181019302" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1CECFCF-0A6B-4128-B4FE-673D66FB6255" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/28FDABE262FC5983B736626A8F777467" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A1CECFCF-0A6B-4128-B4FE-673D66FB6255" authority="Decaëns, Rougerie &amp; Bénéluz" authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie &amp; Beneluz" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris belemensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belemensis" status="sp. nov.">
Automeris belemensis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Decaëns">Decaens</normalizedToken>
, Rougerie &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bénéluz">Beneluz</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="183">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figures 1C, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Genitalia ♂ of the new species of Automeris spp. A A. mineros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0549) B A. belemensis sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-INCT 1136) C A. llaneros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0712). For each species, the dorsal and ventral views of the genitalia, and the dorsal and lateral views of the aedeagus are represented from the left to the right. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532102" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">, 2B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Brazil • ♂ (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">1C, G</figureCitation>
); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
state, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maçaranduba">Macaranduba</normalizedToken>
, Nova Ipixuna; Apr. 2008; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.7990" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.799">4.7990°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.3630" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-49.363">49.3630°W</geoCoordinate>
; elevation: 100 m; at MV light; TD leg.; BOLD SampleID: BC-TDMPEG0008; deposited in MPEG (catalogue number: MPEG.HLE 04018743).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Paratypes</emphasis>
(16 ♂♂). Brazil • 13 ♂♂, same data as holotype with different sampling locations in the same area: 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.7990" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.799">4.7990°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.3630" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-49.363">49.3630°W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.8110" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.811">4.8110°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.3670" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-49.367">49.3670°W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.8050" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.805">4.8050°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.3690" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-49.369">49.3690°W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.8040" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.804">4.8040°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.3230" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-49.323">49.3230°W</geoCoordinate>
. Brazil • 1 ♂; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
state, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pacajá">Pacaja</normalizedToken>
; June 2008; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3.7060" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.706">3.7060°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="51.0390" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-51.039">51.0390°W</geoCoordinate>
; at MV light; TD leg. Brazil • 2 ♂♂; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
state, Reserva Biologica do Gurupi; 18 Apr. 2010; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0014" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0014">4.0014°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.8372" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-46.8372">46.8372°W</geoCoordinate>
; at MV light; TD leg. Deposited as follow: 3 ♂♂ in MPEG (BOLD SampleID: BC-TDMPEG0667, BC-TDMPEG0743, BC-TDMPEG0744; MPEG catalogue number: MPEG.HLE 04018744, MPEG.HLE 04018745, MPEG.HLE 04018746), 4 ♂♂ in the MNHN (BOLD SampleID: BC-TDMPEG0918, BC-TDMPEG0919, BC-INCT1136, BC-INCT1137), 3 ♂♂ in CFB (BOLD SampleID: BC-TDMPEG0956, BC-TDMPEG0957, BC-TDMPEG0982), 2 ♂♂ in CCGM (BOLD SampleID: BC-TDMPEG0983, BC-TDMPEG0920), 4 ♂♂ in CTD (BOLD SampleID: BC-TDMPEG0007, BC-TDMPEG0009, BC-TDMPEG0014, BC-TDMPEG0301).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
Phenotypically, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie &amp; Beneluz" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris belemensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is closely related to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cinctistriga" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="cinctistriga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. cinctistriga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. godartii" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="godartii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. godartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from which it is difficult to separate based on wing patterns, particularly if we consider the phenotypic variability that characterises these species (see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution maps of Automeris species within the subgroup of A. bilinea, based on georeferenced records collected from BOLD, and known geographic distribution of the three new species of Automeris spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532103" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">3</figureCitation>
for distribution map of these species). However, the examination of a large number of specimens reveals subtle characters that make it possible to differentiate them. The distinction from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cinctistriga" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="cinctistriga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. cinctistriga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is possible because of the general shape of the forewings in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. usually less elongated with a less prominent apex, and by the ornamentation of the eyespot of the hindwings, whose yellow ring is thinner, and highlighted externally by the presence of a line of black scales which is usually lacking in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cinctistriga" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="cinctistriga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. cinctistriga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The distinction from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. godartii" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="godartii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. godartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more difficult, but the general colouration of the wings is, however, different in the 22 specimens examined of the two species. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., the ground colour of the forewings is a lighter orange-brown than the grey-brown ground colour that is characteristic of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. godartii" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="godartii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. godartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The dusting of silver scales generally present in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. godartii" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="godartii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. godartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in particular in the preapical triangle of the forewings, is weakly marked or completely absent in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. The ante- and postmedial lines are also lighter in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, standing out in a more contrasted way compared to the surrounding wing colour. Finally, the line of black scales surrounding the eyespot of the hindwings, and sometimes even the yellow periocellar ring, which are continuous in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. godartii" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="godartii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. godartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are frequently interrupted towards the subcostal area in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. It is likely that the male of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. godartii" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="godartii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. godartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
figured in 
<bibRefCitation author="Lemaire, C" journalOrPublisher="Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" refId="B19" refString="Lemaire, C, 2002. The Saturniidae of America (= Attacidae). Vol 4 - Hemileucinae. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern" title="The Saturniidae of America (= Attacidae). Vol 4 - Hemileucinae." year="2002">Lemaire (2002</bibRefCitation>
: plate 40, fig. 4), originating from the state of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
in Brazil, actually belongs to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
With a long posteriorly produced uncus, male genitalia are similar to those of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. godartii" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="godartii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. godartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but also to those of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. lemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="lemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. lemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is known only from the Gran Sabana region in southern Venezuela (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution maps of Automeris species within the subgroup of A. bilinea, based on georeferenced records collected from BOLD, and known geographic distribution of the three new species of Automeris spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532103" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">3</figureCitation>
). Interestingly, the DNA barcodes of the 11 sequenced specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. form a distinct cluster in the NJ tree (BINBOLD:AAA5242) with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. lemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="lemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. lemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the nearest neighbour with 2% minimum uncorrected p-distance (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Neighbour joining tree (K 2 P distances) built from DNA barcodes (COI) of specimens from the three new species of Automeris and their closest relatives. The labels of the terminal branches successively give the following information: sample ID code in the Barcode of Life Data system, country, and exact collecting site when available, Barcode Identification Number (BIN) automatically assigned to each sequence in BOLD. All specimens of A. lemensis and one of A. bilinea have no BIN number due to the short length of their COI sequences." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532104" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">4</figureCitation>
). However, both species can easily be distinguished by the ground coloration of their wings, which is much duller in the former, especially in the periocellar area of the hindwings, and an otherwise much rounder hindwing eyespot.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532104" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 4" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Neighbour joining tree (K2P distances) built from DNA barcodes (COI) of specimens from the three new species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and their closest relatives. The labels of the terminal branches successively give the following information: sample ID code in the Barcode of Life Data system, country, and exact collecting site when available, Barcode Identification Number (BIN) automatically assigned to each sequence in BOLD. All specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. lemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="lemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. lemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and one of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bilinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="bilinea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. bilinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have no BIN number due to the short length of their COI sequences.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
♂ (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">1C, G</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Wingspan</emphasis>
: 70-71 mm. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Head</emphasis>
: dark brown, labial palpi and antennae orange brown. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Thorax</emphasis>
: dorsally dark brown and ventrally orange brown; legs dark brown. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Abdomen</emphasis>
: orange brown. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Forewings</emphasis>
: Length 35-37 mm, slightly elongated, slightly prominent apex, straight outer border; dorsal ground colour orange brown; ante- and postmedial lines thin and yellow, the latter slightly convex, becoming barely visible upon reaching the costal margin 3-4 mm from the apex; discocellular mark rectangular, darker than the surrounding wing surface, with four to six dark brown spots at its angles. Ventral side yellow brown, slightly darker on the outer margin, with the postmedial line underlined by dark brown scales, and a large black discocellular spot, marked in its centre by a small white discal dot. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Hindwings</emphasis>
: basomedian area dull orange with a large eyespot in its centre formed by, from its centre: a small black and white pupil, a large grey brown iris surrounded by a broad black periocellar ring, followed by a thin yellow ring, and finally by an external line of black scales. Postmedial line lunular, formed by a thin yellow line bordered proximally and distally by a wider black line; postmedian area dull orange; marginal band orange brown. Ventral side uniformly yellow brown, with a straight, weakly marked postmedial line, a faint zigzagging premarginal line, and with a small white discal spot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Female</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Genitalia</emphasis>
♂ (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Genitalia ♂ of the new species of Automeris spp. A A. mineros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0549) B A. belemensis sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-INCT 1136) C A. llaneros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0712). For each species, the dorsal and ventral views of the genitalia, and the dorsal and lateral views of the aedeagus are represented from the left to the right. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532102" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">2B</figureCitation>
): similar general structure as in other species of the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris bilinea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilinea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris bilinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup. Uncus well developed, long and bent downwards, apically barely bifid. Dorsal lobes of valves well developed and broadly triangular. Median plate of gnathos strongly sclerotised with its posterior margin convex, a developed median projection, and long lateral appendages. Saccus well developed, triangular and acute anteriorly. Phallus straight, with a small lateral spine on its base; its posterior end slightly bent upward, with a weakly developed vesica.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie &amp; Beneluz" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris belemensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is known from the lower Amazonian watershed in the Brazilian states of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
, Brazil (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution maps of Automeris species within the subgroup of A. bilinea, based on georeferenced records collected from BOLD, and known geographic distribution of the three new species of Automeris spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532103" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">3</figureCitation>
). It has not been found despite of extensive collecting efforts in neighbouring region of French Guiana, and is also unknown from other areas of Brazilian Amazonia. This suggests it could be restricted to the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
area of endemism as defined in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" author="Cardoso da Silva, JM" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="689 - 694" refId="B2" refString="Cardoso da Silva, JM, Rylands, AB, da Fonseca, GAB, 2005. The fate of the Amazonian Areas of Endemism. Conservation Biology 19 (3): 689 - 694, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" title="The fate of the Amazonian Areas of Endemism." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x" volume="19" year="2005">Cardoso da Silva et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, which was recently highlighted as a hotspot for the diversity of so far undescribed moth species (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12187" author="Lamarre, GPA" journalOrPublisher="Insect Conservation and Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="475 - 479" refId="B14" refString="Lamarre, GPA, Decaens, T, Rougerie, R, Barbut, J, Herbin, D, Laguerre, M, Thiaucourt, P, Martins Bonifacio, M, 2016. An integrative taxonomy approach unveils unknown and threatened moth species in Amazonian rainforest fragments. Insect Conservation and Diversity 9: 475 - 479, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12187" title="An integrative taxonomy approach unveils unknown and threatened moth species in Amazonian rainforest fragments." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12187" volume="9" year="2016">Lamarre et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie &amp; Beneluz" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris belemensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is named as a reference to the area of endemism of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
where this species has been found and to which it is likely endemic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>