353 lines
28 KiB
XML
353 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-94-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" ID-ZooBank="6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F" ModsDocID="1314-2607-94-13" checkinTime="1671601504499" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Burks, Roger, Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Fusu, Lucian, Heraty, John M., Jansta, Petr, Heydon, Steve, Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey, Peters, Ralph S., Tselikh, Ekaterina V., Woolley, James B., van Noort, Simon, Baur, Hannes, Cruaud, Astrid, Darling, Christopher, Haas, Michael, Hanson, Paul, Krogmann, Lars & Rasplus, Jean-Yves" docDate="2022" docId="078332719AC35E29901260B549C4BA28" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 94: 13-88" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 94" docPubDate="2022-12-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263" docTitle="Megastigmidae Thomson 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE" masterDocTitle="From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1671601504499" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Burks, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-7939</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">burks.roger@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1368-7721</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fusu, Lucian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-026X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Heraty, John M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-5651</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jansta, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-3603</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic & Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heydon, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Papilloud, Natalie Dale-Skey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-0386</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Insects Division, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peters, Ralph S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tselikh, Ekaterina V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-043X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Woolley, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Noort, Simon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-9741</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, PO Box 61, Cape Town 8000 South Africa & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Baur, Hannes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-3487</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cruaud, Astrid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-4199</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Darling, Christopher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada & Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M 5 S 1 A 1, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Haas, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-6698</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hanson, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose 11501 - 2060, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krogmann, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3724-1735</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany & Institute of Biology, Biological Systematics (190 n) University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rasplus, Jean-Yves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-6665</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>94</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>13</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-94-13</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6CB807239A47403FABEC9AF8AE7F417F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">ADCFB8021287566FB2D7E8A8711D5CAE</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:078332719AC35E29901260B549C4BA28" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/078332719AC35E29901260B549C4BA28" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName LSID="07833271-9AC3-5E29-9012-60B549C4BA28" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" family="Megastigmidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Megastigmidae</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" family="Megastigmidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Megastigmidae</taxonomicName>
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Thomson, 1876. Type genus:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Megastigmidae" genus="Megastigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megastigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megastigmus</taxonomicName>
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Dalman, 1820.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chromeurytominae">Chromeurytominae</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
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, 1988 new placement. Type genus:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Megastigmidae" genus="Chromeurytoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromeurytoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromeurytoma</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1912.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keiraninae">Keiraninae</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
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, 1988 new placement. Type genus:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Megastigmidae" genus="Keirana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Keirana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Keirana</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
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, 1988.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
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Antenna with 10 (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Megastigmidae" genus="Chromeurytoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromeurytoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Chromeurytoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or 12 (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megastigminae">Megastigminae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keiraninae">Keiraninae</taxonomicName>
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) flagellomeres, including a 4th clavomere. Eyes not or only slightly divergent ventrally. Clypeus bilobed or medially produced, without transverse subapical groove. Labrum flexible and mostly or entirely hidden behind clypeus, divided into several small lobes or subtriangular. Mandibles with 3 teeth. Occipital carina present, at least dorsally in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Megastigmidae" genus="Chromeurytoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromeurytoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Chromeurytoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 109–114" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 109 - 114. 109, 110 Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo) (Pteromalidae, Trigonoderinae) 109 lower face frontal view 110 mesosoma dorsal view 111 Cales noacki Howard (Calesidae): mesosoma lateral view 112 Eusandalum flavipenne Ruschka: mesosoma dorsal view 113 Pentacladia elegans Westwood: Mt 8 and Mt 9 fused, but delimited by an oblique suture below cercus 114 Chromeurytoma sp. (Megastigmidae, Chromeurytominae): head and mesosoma dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures109-114" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781082" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">114</figureCitation>
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), usually high on the head. Pronotum usually elongate, but about as long as mesoscutum or shorter in
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<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chromeurytominae">Chromeurytominae</taxonomicName>
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. Notauli complete. Mesoscutellum with frenum defined by a distinct frenal groove, with or without axillular sulcus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 109–114" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 109 - 114. 109, 110 Gastracanthus acutus (Kamijo) (Pteromalidae, Trigonoderinae) 109 lower face frontal view 110 mesosoma dorsal view 111 Cales noacki Howard (Calesidae): mesosoma lateral view 112 Eusandalum flavipenne Ruschka: mesosoma dorsal view 113 Pentacladia elegans Westwood: Mt 8 and Mt 9 fused, but delimited by an oblique suture below cercus 114 Chromeurytoma sp. (Megastigmidae, Chromeurytominae): head and mesosoma dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures109-114" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781082" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">114</figureCitation>
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). Postmarginal vein longer than stigmal vein (excepted in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Patiyana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Patiyana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Patiyana</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
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) and frequently longer than marginal vein. Basal fold usually pigmented, in a few genera developed into a basal vein curved outwards (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megastigminae">Megastigminae</taxonomicName>
|
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and
|
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<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keiraninae">Keiraninae</taxonomicName>
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) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 115–120" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 115 - 120. 115, 116 Keirana sp. (Megastigmidae, Keiraninae) 115 wing 116 metasoma lateral view 117, 118 Metapelma sp. (Metapelmatidae) 117 mesosoma lateral view 118 apex of mesotibia and mesotarsus 119, 120 Neanastatus sp. (Neanastatidae) 119 mesosoma lateral view 120 mesosoma ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures115-120" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781083" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">115</figureCitation>
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) or rarely basal fold hyaline (
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<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chromeurytominae">Chromeurytominae</taxonomicName>
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). All legs with 5 tarsomeres, protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal. Gaster, while sometimes rigidly convex, not strongly sclerotized; metasomal apex usually with a separate epipygium in females (in
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<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chromeurytominae">Chromeurytominae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megastigminae">Megastigminae</taxonomicName>
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) or with a syntergum that is crossed by a sulcus immediately anterior to the cerci (
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<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keiraninae">Keiraninae</taxonomicName>
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). Cerci elongate. Ovipositor sheaths long and upcurved in females (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 115–120" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 115 - 120. 115, 116 Keirana sp. (Megastigmidae, Keiraninae) 115 wing 116 metasoma lateral view 117, 118 Metapelma sp. (Metapelmatidae) 117 mesosoma lateral view 118 apex of mesotibia and mesotarsus 119, 120 Neanastatus sp. (Neanastatidae) 119 mesosoma lateral view 120 mesosoma ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures115-120" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781083" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">116</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures115-120" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781083" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figures 115–120" startId="F20">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figures 115-120.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">115, 116</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Metapelmatidae" genus="Keirana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Keirana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Keirana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Megastigmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keiraninae">Keiraninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">115</emphasis>
|
||
wing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">116</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">117, 118</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Neanastatidae" genus="Metapelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metapelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Metapelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Metapelmatidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Metapelmatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">117</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">118</emphasis>
|
||
apex of mesotibia and mesotarsus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">119, 120</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Neanastatidae" genus="Neanastatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanastatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Neanastatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Neanastatidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Neanastatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">119</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">120</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megastigminae">Megastigminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
had long been recognized as a monophyletic subfamily of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Torymidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has recently been upgraded to family rank (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12228" author="Jansta, P" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="627 - 651" refId="B38" refString="Jansta, P, Cruaud, A, Delvare, G, Genson, G, Heraty, J, Krizkova, B, Rasplus, J-Y, 2018. Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) revised: molecular phylogeny, circumscription and reclassification of the family with discussion of its biogeography and evolution of life-history traits. Cladistics 34: 627 - 651, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12228" title="Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) revised: molecular phylogeny, circumscription and reclassification of the family with discussion of its biogeography and evolution of life-history traits." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12228" volume="34" year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Janšta">Jansta</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Next-generation molecular analyses (Cruaud et al., submitted) have consistently suggested that two previous subfamilies of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chromeurytominae">Chromeurytominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keiraninae">Keiraninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Megastigmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Morphological examination of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Megastigmidae" genus="Chromeurytoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromeurytoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Chromeurytoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cameron and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Metapelmatidae" genus="Keirana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Keirana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Keirana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouček">Boucek</normalizedToken>
|
||
has confirmed that these clades share several diagnostic features with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Megastigmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and belong to this family. Adding these two entities has increased the morphological disparity within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Megastigmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has decreased the already low number of apomorphies that define the family. Consequently,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Megastigmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
now comprises three subfamilies:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megastigminae">Megastigminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
including most megastigmid genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.90.82582" author="Boehmova, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="75 - 99" refId="B5" refString="Boehmova, J, Rasplus, J-Y, Taylor, GS, Jansta, P, 2022. Description of two new Australian genera of Megastigmidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with notes on the biology of the genus Bortesia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 90: 75 - 99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.90.82582" title="Description of two new Australian genera of Megastigmidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with notes on the biology of the genus Bortesia." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.90.82582" volume="90" year="2022">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhmová">Boehmova</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chromeurytominae">Chromeurytominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
new placement (including
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Megastigmidae" genus="Chromeurytoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromeurytoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Chromeurytoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Asaphoideus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asaphoideus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Asaphoideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Girault and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Patiyana" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Patiyana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Patiyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Megastigmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Keiraninae">Keiraninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
new placement (with only
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Metapelmatidae" genus="Keirana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Keirana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Keirana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |