329 lines
53 KiB
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329 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="60E124601C3D8895E0838F3C2978AF82">Taxonomy and ecology of Fragilaria billingsii sp. nov. and analysis of type material of Synedra rumpens var. fusa (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C5EEC4D0630E6BAB33B78F8E8420A8E4">Wengrat, Simone</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7363CBDE0ED6857F8772613D46B35C44">Instituto de Botânica, Department of Ecology, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, 04301 - 902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2C38F0D071B01FF67FA0D16DE70307E7">Morales, Eduardo A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1597CA89DF255B50327359729B0E2FA9">Herbario Criptogámico, Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, Calle M. Márquez esq. Plaza Jorge Trigo s / n, P. O. Box 5381, Cochabamba, Bolivia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B862571224F5CE94CDBEE5B701178019">Wetzel, Carlos E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B9D7C0699111DD88FBAE2E1BC3BD7BE4">Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research & Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F9A2EB3A0F0A16D28E6343CE37FFA70F">Instituto de Botânica, Department of Ecology, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, 04301 - 902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F487C3FF9BFFBC73D1CB33FAA54C05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662635" ID-GBIF-Taxon="240263153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13662635" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487C3FF9BFFBC73D1CB33FAA54C05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487C3FF9BFFBC73D1CB33FAA54C05" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9BFFBA73D1CB33FC554832" authority="(R. M. Patrick) Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[136,930,302,329]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa" status="comb. et stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9BFFBA73D1CB33FECE4833" bold="true" box="[136,313,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Fragilaria fusa</emphasis>
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(R.M. Patrick) Wengrat, C.E. Wetzel & E. Morales
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,
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9BFFBA70F4CB33FC1C4832" bold="true" box="[941,1003,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">comb</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9BFFBA70A3CB32FBCA4832" bold="true" box="[1018,1085,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">et stat</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9BFFBA7712CB32FB824832" bold="true" box="[1099,1141,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9BFFBA77D2CB2DFB084832" box="[1163,1279,304,329]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 2–14" captionStart-1="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId-0="3.[136,243,1849,1870]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox-0="[215,1372,425,1807]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId-0="figure-111@3.[215,1372,425,1824]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 2–14. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All LM pictures taken from the holotype population (A-25422). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. 4. Holotype specimen illustrated in Kingston (2003: fig. 12c). Scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662685" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13662685/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Figs 2–21</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9BFFBA73D1CB49FE2348EA" blockId="3.[136,1452,302,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
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Basionym:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9BFFBA725ECB49FD374816" authority="R. M. Patrick" authorityName="R. M. Patrick" authorityYear="1940" box="[263,704,340,365]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="variety" species="rumpens" variety="fusa">
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9BFFBA725ECB49FE3F4816" box="[263,456,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Synedra rumpens</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9BFFBA72A4CB49FDDB4816" box="[509,556,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">fusa</emphasis>
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R.M. Patrick
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in
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9BFFBA71B8CB49FA5B4816" box="[737,1452,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</emphasis>
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62: 218, pl. 8: figs
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<date id="FFE31015FF9BFFBA7205CB65FE3848EA" box="[348,463,376,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" value="1940-08-06">6–8. 1940</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF22665DFF9BFFBA73D1CD24FACA4E09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662685" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13662685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662685/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" startId="3.[136,243,1849,1870]" targetBox="[215,1372,425,1807]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9BFFBA73D1CD24FACA4E09" blockId="3.[136,1451,1849,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9BFFBA73D1CD24FEC74E35" bold="true" box="[136,304,1849,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">FIGURES 2–14.</emphasis>
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Type material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9BFFBA72BBCD24FD804E35" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[482,631,1849,1870]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9BFFBA72BBCD24FD804E35" box="[482,631,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="194">Fragilaria fusa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. All LM pictures taken from the holotype population (A-25422). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. 4. Holotype specimen illustrated in
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9BFFBA70DECD40FBD64E09" author="Kingston, J. C." box="[903,1057,1885,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="194" pagination="595 - 636" refId="ref6692" refString="Kingston, J. C. (2003) Araphid and monoraphid diatoms. In: Wehr, J. D. & Sheath, R. G. (Eds.) Freshwater Algae of North America. Ecology and Classification. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 595 - 636." type="book chapter" year="2003">Kingston (2003</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 12c). Scale bar = 10 μm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9CFFBD73D1CD84FDD44161" blockId="4.[136,1452,1945,2074]" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9CFFBD73D1CD84FECD4ED5" bold="true" box="[136,314,1945,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">FIGURES 15–21.</emphasis>
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||
Type material of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9CFFBD72BACD84FD804ED5" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[483,631,1945,1966]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
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<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9CFFBD72BACD84FD804ED5" box="[483,631,1945,1966]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="195">Fragilaria fusa</emphasis>
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. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9DFFBC73D1CABDFD984BF2" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">
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Valves are narrow and lanceolate, with attenuated and subcapitate apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7030CABDFC2649CE" box="[873,977,160,181]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–14" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1849,1870]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,425,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-111@3.[215,1372,425,1824]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–14. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All LM pictures taken from the holotype population (A-25422). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. 4. Holotype specimen illustrated in Kingston (2003: fig. 12c). Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 2–14</figureCitation>
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). Length 29.0–97.0 μm, width 2.5–3.0 μm. The central valve margin is inflated on both sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC71D1CAD9FD1949A2" box="[648,750,196,217]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–14" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1849,1870]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,425,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-111@3.[215,1372,425,1824]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–14. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All LM pictures taken from the holotype population (A-25422). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. 4. Holotype specimen illustrated in Kingston (2003: fig. 12c). Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 2–14</figureCitation>
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||
). The axial area is lanceolate, with clear fascia at the central area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC76D8CAD9FEB14986" captionStart="FIGURES 2–14" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1849,1870]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,425,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-111@3.[215,1372,425,1824]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–14. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All LM pictures taken from the holotype population (A-25422). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. 4. Holotype specimen illustrated in Kingston (2003: fig. 12c). Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 4–6, 8–12, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Striae are distinct, parallel and alternate throughout the valve,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA59B30FF9DFFBC70ECCAF5FBFC4986" box="[949,1035,232,253]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 in</quantity>
|
||
10 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7704CAF5FB044986" box="[1117,1267,232,253]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–14" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1849,1870]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,425,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-111@3.[215,1372,425,1824]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–14. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All LM pictures taken from the holotype population (A-25422). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. 4. Holotype specimen illustrated in Kingston (2003: fig. 12c). Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 4–6, 8–14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ghost striae faint (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC739DCB11FEAE485A" box="[196,345,268,289]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–14" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1849,1870]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,425,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-111@3.[215,1372,425,1824]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–14. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All LM pictures taken from the holotype population (A-25422). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. 4. Holotype specimen illustrated in Kingston (2003: fig. 12c). Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 4–6, 8–14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Areolae not discernible in LM. Ribbon-like colonies were not observed. SEM: External SEM images show striae composed of rounded areolae toward the apices and elongated areolae toward the valve center and on the mantle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC77ACCB2DFA95483E" box="[1269,1378,304,325]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 17, 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Striae are interrupted by spines and continue onto the mantle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC718ACB49FCB64812" box="[723,833,340,361]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 16, 17</figureCitation>
|
||
), composed of a single areola at the apices, increasing up to five areolae toward the middle of the valve (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7160CB65FD8848F6" box="[569,639,376,397]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Costae are wider than the striae and are raised (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC770ACB65FB3648F6" box="[1107,1217,376,397]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 15, 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spines are sharp cones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC739DCB81FEC648CA" box="[196,305,412,433]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 15–18</figureCitation>
|
||
) located closer to the valve face/mantle junction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7055CB81FC8C48CA" box="[780,891,412,433]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 15–18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical spines are absent or little developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7668CB81FA5748CA" box="[1329,1440,412,433]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 15–18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Well-developed apical pore fields of the ocellulimbus
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68877FF9DFFBC7195CBDDFD0248AE" box="[716,757,448,469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">type</typeStatus>
|
||
are located on the mantle at both valve ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC77E0CBDDFADD48AE" box="[1209,1322,448,469]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 16–18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plaques are present along the abvalvar margin of the mantle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC71C0CBF9FCFD4882" box="[665,778,484,505]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 16, 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cingulum is composed of three open copulae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC765DCBF9FA854882" box="[1284,1394,484,505]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
) each with a single row of poroids on the pars interior that are partially obscured by overlapping copulae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC77D1C815FAE94B66" box="[1160,1310,520,541]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 16, 17, 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Girdle bands barely touching at open end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC728EC831FDB14B3A" box="[471,582,556,577]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 16, 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internal SEM images show raised costae and sunken striae. There is one well-developed rimoportula, heavily silicified and slightly inclined with respect to the apical axis, and located on the axial area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC77A3C84DFAB54B1E" box="[1274,1346,592,613]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abvalvar side of mantle thick at valve apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7145C869FD934BF2" box="[540,612,628,649]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347655EFF9DFFBC73D1C885FE7E4B8E" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9DFFBC73D1C885FE7E4B8E" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,757]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC73D1C885FF4D4BD6" bold="true" box="[136,186,664,685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Type</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A7645FF9DFFBC738EC885FEC44BD6" box="[215,307,664,685]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999F837FF9DFFBC7264C885FE8E4BD6" box="[317,377,664,685]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Ceará</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Municipality of Maranguape, margins of ‘Açude São Bento’,
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7085C885FC1C4BD6" box="[988,1003,664,685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC70A1C885FB004BD6" box="[1016,1271,664,685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">
|
||
Drouet (D)
|
||
<date id="FFE31015FF9DFFBC7732C885FB004BD6" box="[1131,1271,664,685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" value="1935-08-05">5 August 1935</date>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68877FF9DFFBC765CC885FAAC4BD6" box="[1285,1371,664,685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE10FF9DFFBC7639C885FA524BD6" box="[1376,1445,664,685]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
!, population on slide A-25422 illustrated here in LM as
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC719EC8A1FCDE4BAA" box="[711,809,700,721]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–14" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1849,1870]" captionTargetBox="[215,1372,425,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-111@3.[215,1372,425,1824]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2–14. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All LM pictures taken from the holotype population (A-25422). Light microscopy showing variation in size and valve outline. 4. Holotype specimen illustrated in Kingston (2003: fig. 12c). Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662685/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 2–14</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68877FF9DFFBC706AC8A1FC8D4BAA" box="[819,890,700,721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" type="isotype">Isotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE10FF9DFFBC7027C8A1FC344BAA" box="[894,963,700,721]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">ANSP</collectionCode>
|
||
!, population in material A-25079 illustrated here in SEM as
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A50FF9DFFBC7256C8FDFE8A4B8E" box="[271,381,736,757]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–21" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1945,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[158,1430,190,1921]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 15–21. Type material of Fragilaria fusa. All SEM pictures taken from the isotype population (A-25079). 15. External view of entire valve showing striae structure. 16–18. External view of girdle bands, spines and pore fields. 19. View of the mantle. 20, 21. Internal view of areolae and rimoportula. 16, 17, 19. Arrows indicate a single row of poroids on the pars interior of each copulae; poroids are partially obscured by overlapping copulae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13662689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13662689/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Figs 15–21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347655EFF9DFFBC73D1C938FDF04A19" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9DFFBC73D1C938FDF04A19" blockId="5.[136,1452,805,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC73D1C938FE5B4A45" bold="true" box="[136,428,805,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC7296C938FD8D4A45" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[463,634,805,830]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7296C938FD8D4A45" box="[463,634,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fragilaria fusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only been reported with illustrations from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68877FF9DFFBC77FDC938FB234A45" box="[1188,1236,805,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, ecological conditions of which are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347655EFF9DFFBC73E4C970FAA54C05" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236D5FF9DFFBC73E4C970FAA54C05" blockId="5.[136,1452,805,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC73E4C970FEDD4AFD" bold="true" box="[189,298,877,902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC7217C970FE0E4AFD" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[334,505,877,902]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7217C970FE0E4AFD" box="[334,505,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fragilaria fusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68877FF9DFFBC7008C970FC764AFD" box="[849,897,877,902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC70FAC970FF284AD1" authority="(Kutzing 1844: 69) G. W. F. Carlson" authorityName="G. W. F. Carlson" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" baseAuthorityPageNumber="69" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="rumpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC70FAC970FB884AFD" box="[931,1151,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fragilaria rumpens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9DFFBC77D5C970FAB84AFD" author="Kutzing, F. T." box="[1164,1359,877,902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" refId="ref6879" refString="Kutzing, F. T. (1844) Die kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. W. Kohne, Nordhausen, 152 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 64360" type="book" year="1844">Kützing 1844: 69</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) G.W.F. Carlson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9DFFBC73A9C98CFDF64AD1" author="Tuji, A. & Williams, D. M." box="[240,513,913,938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" pagination="99 - 103" refId="ref8231" refString="Tuji, A. & Williams, D. M. (2006 a) Examination of the type material of Synedra rumpens = Fragilaria rumpens, Bacillariophyceae. Phycological Research 54: 99 - 103. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 1835.2006.00414. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Tuji & Williams 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1–18) by a combination of characters (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DF036EFF9DFFBC7758C98CFBAC4AD1" box="[1025,1115,913,938]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,216,161,182]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological characterization of Fragilaria fusa and closely related species." pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC772BC98CFAD64AD1" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1138,1313,913,938]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC772BC98CFAD64AD1" box="[1138,1313,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fragilaria fusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is narrower (2.5–3.0 μm), has lower stria density (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA59B30FF9DFFBC7172C9A8FD794AB5" box="[555,654,949,974]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 in</quantity>
|
||
10 μm), subcapitate apices, central area inflated on both sides, absent or little developed apical spines located near the junction between valve face and mantle, a well-developed rimoportula, heavily silicified and barely inclined with respect to the apical axis, girdle bands that are barely touching at open ends and with a thickened abvalvar side of mantle at valve apices. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC7088CE3CFBA54D41" authorityName="G. W. F. Carlson" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[977,1106,1057,1082]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="rumpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7088CE3CFC154D41" box="[977,994,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC70ABCE3CFBA54D41" box="[1010,1106,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">rumpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
produces ribbon-like colonies with linking spines, is wider (3–4 μm), has denser striae (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA59B30FF9DFFBC7058CE58FC934D25" box="[769,868,1093,1118]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 in</quantity>
|
||
10 μm), rostrate apices, a central area unilaterally or bilaterally gibbous, apical spines present and a well-developed, small rimoportula, less silicified and inclined at a wider angle with respect to the apical axis. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC71E3CE90FCCE4DDD" authorityName="G. W. F. Carlson" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[698,825,1165,1190]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="rumpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC71E3CE90FD3C4DDD" box="[698,715,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7180CE90FCCE4DDD" box="[729,825,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">rumpens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents the terminations of girdle bands overlapping at open ends and the abvalvar side of its mantle has the same thickness as the rest of the mantle.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC77C7CEACFABD4DB1" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1182,1354,1201,1226]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC77C7CEACFABD4DB1" box="[1182,1354,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fragilaria fusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC723BCEC8FE354D95" authorityName="A.Tuji & D.M.Williams" authorityYear="2008" box="[354,450,1237,1262]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC723BCEC8FE844D95" box="[354,371,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC72D8CEC8FE354D95" box="[385,450,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Grunow in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9DFFBC7108CEC8FCEF4D95" author="Van Heurck, H." box="[593,792,1237,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" pagination="31 - 77" refId="ref8382" refString="Van Heurck, H. (1881) Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique. Atlas. Ducaju & Cie, Anvers, pls. 31 - 77." type="book chapter" year="1881">Van Heurck 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 40: fig. 15) Tuji & D.M. Williams (2008: 29, pl. 2: figs 13–28) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC7255CEE4FD5B4C69" authority="Lange-Bertalot et al." authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" box="[268,684,1273,1298]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pararumpens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7255CEE4FEEA4C69" box="[268,285,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7273CEE4FE484C69" box="[298,447,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">pararumpens</emphasis>
|
||
Lange-Bertalot
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC712CCEE4FD514C69" box="[629,678,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9DFFBC7197CEE4FC374C69" author="Hofmann, G. & Werum, M. & Lange-Bertalot, H." box="[718,960,1273,1298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" refId="ref6574" refString="Hofmann, G., Werum, M. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2011) Diatomeen im Susswasser-Benthos von Mitteleuropa. Bestimmungsflora Kieselalgen fur die okologische Praxis. Uber 700 der haufigsten Arten und ihre Okologie. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Rugell, 908 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Hofmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7067CEE4FC994C69" box="[830,878,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 8: figs 4–10), however
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC77B4CEE4FACD4C69" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1261,1338,1273,1298]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC77B4CEE4FB094C69" box="[1261,1278,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7652CEE4FACD4C69" box="[1291,1338,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">fusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lower stria density than both species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DF036EFF9DFFBC72B8CF00FDCF4C4D" box="[481,568,1309,1334]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,216,161,182]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological characterization of Fragilaria fusa and closely related species." pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC7112CF00FD004C4D" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[587,759,1309,1334]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7112CF00FD004C4D" box="[587,759,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">Fragilaria fusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also may be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC7707CF00FE434C21" authority="(W. Smith 1856: 98) Lange-Bertalot (1980: 746" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="W. Smith" baseAuthorityPageNumber="98" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7707CF00FB984C4D" box="[1118,1135,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7725CF00FB334C4D" box="[1148,1220,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">tenera</emphasis>
|
||
(W.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9DFFBC77AECF00FA544C4D" author="Smith, W." box="[1271,1443,1309,1334]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" refId="ref7983" refString="Smith, W. (1856) A synopsis of the British Diatomaceae; with remarks on their structure, functions and distribution; and instructions for collecting and preserving specimens. Vol. 2. J. Van Voorst, London, 107 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10706" type="book" year="1856">Smith 1856: 98</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B24FF9DFFBC73D1CF5CFE434C21" author="Lange-Bertalot, H." box="[136,436,1345,1370]" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" pagination="723 - 787" refId="ref6919" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H. (1980) Zur systematischen Bewertung der bandformigen Kolonien bei Navicula und Fragilaria. Kriterien fur die Vereinigung von Synedra (subgen. Synedra) Ehrenberg mit Fragilaria Lyngbye. Nova Hedwigia 33: 723 - 787." type="journal article" year="1980">Lange-Bertalot (1980: 746</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 2: figs 1–6, pl. 4: figs 1–6) by some characters:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D56FF9DFFBC70A9CF5CFBCA4C21" authorityName="Wengrat, C. E. Wetzel & E. Morales" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Wengrat & Morales & Wetzel & Almeida & Ector & Bicudo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[1008,1085,1345,1370]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Fragilaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="fusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC70A9CF5CFBF64C21" box="[1008,1025,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAC7FF9DFFBC7757CF5CFBCA4C21" box="[1038,1085,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="196">fusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is wider (2.5–3.0 μm), has lower stria density (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA59B30FF9DFFBC7246CF78FE734C05" box="[287,388,1381,1406]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.937" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="5" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="15.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="15.0">15–16 in</quantity>
|
||
10 μm), apical spines absent or little developed and the rimoportula is well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |