273 lines
31 KiB
XML
273 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="D2E40BB70F009250449529F9F22AD041" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.281081" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2975b12f-dea7-440e-acf2-5caf332508ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="281081" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460481530592" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pethiyagoda, Rohan & Gill, Anthony C." docDate="2012" docId="03E987CBFFE16801FF54FB8F9D28D0B6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03314p016.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3314" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lates uwisara Pethiyagoda & Gill, 2012, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFD0FFB3FFE46806FFC3FF939E7AD131" masterDocTitle="Description of two new species of sea bass (Teleostei: Latidae: Lates) from Myanmar and Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698307833711" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="C077AEE2800A1B82EEBD21DFA1BBDFB9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6CF08E32A2FF8218850D17156F54536E">
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<mods:title id="44435979B357223E91E43AC805636B9D">Description of two new species of sea bass (Teleostei: Latidae: Lates) from Myanmar and Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="3C047AF0288247B32182CB757C5F18D1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B2085601BF409D2AC131CEA263671104">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0BC1396B0A877C2F09E1042EE0255FE9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="90FD944BD92FB4740056C9E79BBF555D">Pethiyagoda, Rohan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F5CE9DDA78CF9BA5E27A0A5861DE5356" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C3E084EFE0D2AB51CDAB7AA3E36F24E9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2F91E09810163640D287C784100DEE11">Gill, Anthony C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="21182E68B817C60226157404F06D925C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="857599E2FFB2F7DB1F5068E1011AEFC1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="97EC15411344D3133BBC7A079E8CB40D">
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<mods:date id="8795E0E302ED250FAC8EEDEB115DA4F3">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="059E92E2604744913F9809CC745096A2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C8AC715AEBEDAF9B2FE878371EEC6B59">3314</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6EA37CAEB05CC215C2683EAC32CE30EC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A5F84779FFA4ADEB2444D655D9D61C23" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.281081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6D3200CF6FE135C7B19F568863F6064D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="100815DEB8AE4344113F4F42F45680F6" type="Zenodo-Dep">281081</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E987CBFFE16801FF54FB8F9D28D0B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628654" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119517407" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628654" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987CBFFE16801FF54FB8F9D28D0B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987CBFFE16801FF54FB8F9D28D0B6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C35A6556FFE16803FF54FB8F9E91D567" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE16803FF54FB8F9FA4D504" blockId="5.[151,478,1051,1110]" box="[151,478,1051,1078]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0B781B1FFE16803FF54FB8F9FA4D504" bold="true" box="[151,478,1051,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE16803FF54FB8F9FA4D504" bold="true" box="[151,478,1051,1078]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE16803FF54FB8F9F45D507" ID-CoL="3SJ3J" box="[151,319,1052,1078]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uwisara" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE16803FF54FB8F9F45D507" bold="true" box="[151,319,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lates uwisara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757B4FFE16803FE8DFB889FA4D504" box="[334,478,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE16803FF54FBAD9E91D567" blockId="5.[151,478,1051,1110]" box="[151,235,1086,1110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137B2A58FFE16803FF5CFBAD9E98D567" box="[159,226,1086,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1387,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,733,1366]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,733,1366]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lates uwisara, holotype, ANFC H. 6316 - 11, 332 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A6556FFE16803FF54FB159CBDD5D7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE16803FF54FB159CBDD5D7" blockId="5.[151,1437,1158,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE16803FF54FB159FFFD5AE" bold="true" box="[151,389,1158,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54FB887FFFE16803FE4CFB159F8ED5AF" box="[399,500,1158,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED51AE18FFE16803FDC2FB159C36D5AF" box="[513,588,1158,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ANFC</collectionCode>
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H.
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<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE16803FDACFB159D45D5AF" box="[623,831,1158,1182]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3345" metricValueMax="10.353" metricValueMin="6.316" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="8334.5" valueMax="10353.0" valueMin="6316.0">6316-10, 353 mm</quantity>
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SL,
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<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE16803FCB9FB149D93D5AE" box="[890,1001,1159,1183]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, “river estuaries between Yangon and Sittang”,
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<date id="FFFE101DFFE16803FEC3FB399FE1D5F3" box="[256,411,1194,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2005-10">October 2005</date>
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;
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<typeStatus id="54FB887FFFE16803FE64FB389C6FD5F2" box="[423,533,1195,1219]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED51AE18FFE16803FDDCFB399C10D5F3" box="[543,618,1194,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ANFC</collectionCode>
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H.6316-09,
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<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE16803FD35FB399D28D5F3" box="[758,850,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.63" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="363.0">363 mm</quantity>
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SL;
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<collectionCode id="ED51AE18FFE16803FC44FB399DA8D5F3" box="[903,978,1194,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ANFC</collectionCode>
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H.
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<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE16803FC31FB399AC0D5F3" box="[1010,1210,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.824" metricValueMax="11.332" metricValueMin="6.316" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="8824.0" valueMax="11332.0" valueMin="6316.0">6316-11, 332 mm</quantity>
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SL;
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<collectionCode id="ED51AE18FFE16803FB2DFB399B43D5F3" box="[1262,1337,1194,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ANFC</collectionCode>
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H.
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<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE16803FA9BFB399F64D5D7" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.333" metricValueMax="12.35" metricValueMin="6.316" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="9333.0" valueMax="12350.0" valueMin="6316.0">6316- 12, 350 mm</quantity>
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SL, same collection data as
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<typeStatus id="54FB887FFFE16803FD9EFB5D9CB9D5D7" box="[605,707,1230,1254]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A6556FFE16803FF04FB619EB2D737" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE16803FF04FB619EB2D737" blockId="5.[151,1437,1158,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE16803FF04FB619F3BD43A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1266,1291]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE16803FE8BFB679F9FD43A" box="[328,485,1268,1291]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uwisara">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE16803FE8BFB679F9FD43A" box="[328,485,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Lates uwisara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE16803FD1CFB679D10D43A" box="[735,874,1267,1291]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarifer">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE16803FD1CFB679D10D43A" box="[735,874,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. calcarifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by possessing 7 (vs. 6) scales between the base of the third dorsal-fin spine and the lateral line; and having a lesser eye diameter (4.4‒4.7% SL, n=3; vs. 4.8‒6.9% SL, n=25). It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE16803FE79FAAF9C53D462" box="[442,553,1339,1363]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lakdiva">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE16803FE79FAAF9C53D462" box="[442,553,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. lakdiva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having a greater body depth (28.4‒34.5% SL, vs. 26.6‒27.6% SL), a longer dorsal-fin base (43.3‒45.0% SL, vs. 41.1‒43.2% SL), a lesser eye diameter (4.4‒4.7% SL, vs. 5.5‒5.6% SL), and by possessing 7 (vs. 5) rows of scales between the base of the third dorsal-fin spine and the lateral line. It is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE16803FEF7FA3B9FBAD48F" box="[308,448,1447,1471]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE16803FEF7FA3B9FBAD48F" box="[308,448,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. japonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having the third anal-fin spine shorter (vs. longer) than the second; a shorter caudal peduncle (15.8‒17.6 % SL, vs. 18.2‒20.2% SL) and a greater preanal distance (72.9‒75.6% SL, vs. 67.5‒72.3% SL).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A6556FFE16800FF04F9819C11D396" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE16803FF04F9819AE9D6A3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1158,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE16803FF04F9819F23D71A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1554,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="C6C20366FFE16803FE56F9819F91D71B" box="[405,491,1554,1578]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,235,368,389]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,509,1110]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements as a percentage of standard length of holotype and 2 paratypes of Lates lakdiva (220 ‒ 256 mm SL); holotype and 3 paratypes of L. uwisara (332 ‒ 363 mm SL); 27 specimens of L. calcarifer (97.6 ‒ 315 mm SL); and 11 specimens of L. japonicus (134 ‒ 263 mm SL). Non-overlapping ranges between species are italicized. Specimen details are given in species accounts of L. lakdiva and L. uwisara, and Comparative Material." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3F6655FFE06802FF54FEE39D25D0D0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF3F6655FFE06802FF54FEE39D25D0D0">Table 1</tableCitation>
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for proportional measurements. Body compressed (body width 49.3‒50.4% body depth), its depth 3.1‒3.5 times in SL, deepest at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile concave in interorbital region, rising steeply (convex) thereafter to dorsal-fin origin. Head moderately acute, its length 2.8 times in SL. Eye oval, height less than width, eye diameter 7.5‒8.6 times in head length. Snout 4.7‒5.2 times in head length. Interorbital space 114‒122% eye diameter. Mouth oblique, lower jaw projecting beyond upper one when closed. Maxilla deep, its depth 104‒120% eye diameter, extending posterior to level of eye. Villiform teeth present on jaws, palatines, pterygoids and vomer. Tongue smooth. Three sharp, strong spines on inferior margin of preoperculum, first antrorse; a retrorse spine at angle of preoperculum. Preoperculum posterior margin with 26‒34 serrae. A sharp spine at angle of operculum. Seven branchiostegal rays. Inferior edge of infraorbitals 1 and 2 finely serrated. Nares level with middle of eye, separated from eye by distance less than diameter of posterior naris. Gill rakers 3+1+8‒9, densely denticulated on proximal side. Cleithrum and supracleithrum each with 5‒7 serrae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE16800FF04F80D9F7CD00E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1158,2011]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,679]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">First dorsal fin commencing slightly behind pelvic-fin, with 7 spines, third spine longest (III>IV>V>VI>II>VII>I). Second dorsal with one spine and 11 rays. Anal fin commencing beneath base of second-dorsal fin ray 3 or 4, with 3 spines, the third one longest (III>II>I) and 8 rays, the last one branched to base. Pectoral fin with 14 rays, 86.5‒89.6% length of pelvic fin, which has 1 spine and 5 rays. Length of pelvic-fin spine equal to or slightly shorter than dorsal spine V, longer than dorsal spine VI. Distal profiles of pectoral, pelvic, anal and second-dorsal fins rounded. Caudal fin rounded, with 6‒7+9+8+6‒7 rays. Caudal peduncle depth 71.2‒78.5% its length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE26800FF04FEDF9DE6D326" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Scales, ctenoid; body and head scaled, except for snout, throat, preorbital and interorbital regions. Dorsal and anal fins reposed in a scaly sheath. Second dorsal, caudal, anal and lateral area of pelvic fin densely covered with minute scales. Lateral line with 56‒59 scales on body, commencing immediately posterior to supracleithrum, extending almost to tip of caudal fin; two rows of pored scales on caudal fin, one above and one below median lateral line. Seven scales in transverse line between base of third dorsal-fin spine and lateral line; 10 or
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<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE26800FAD9FE4F9B2ED0C5" box="[1306,1364,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
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transverse line between anus and lateral line; 24 circumpeduncular scales.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE26800FF04FDB09C11D396" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FF04FDB09F35D30D" bold="true" box="[199,335,547,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Coloration.</emphasis>
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In 70% alcohol (
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<figureCitation id="137B2A58FFE26800FDDBFDB79C27D30D" box="[536,605,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1387,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,733,1366]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,733,1366]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lates uwisara, holotype, ANFC H. 6316 - 11, 332 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281084/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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), head and body olive-tan, darker above lateral line and dorsal region of head, lighter below, ventrally light yellowish-brown. Fins greenish-brown, interradial membrane of dorsal fin light greenish-brown, somewhat darker towards distal margin. Second dorsal fin, caudal and anal fins dark olive brown, pectoral and pelvic fins somewhat lighter.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF3F6655FFE26800FF54FAF89D21D4B0" box="[151,859,1387,1410]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/281084/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[151,1435,733,1366]" targetPageId="6">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE26800FF54FAF89D21D4B0" blockId="6.[151,859,1387,1410]" box="[151,859,1387,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FF54FAF89F68D4B1" bold="true" box="[151,274,1387,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE26800FEDAFAFF9FDDD4B0" box="[281,423,1388,1409]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uwisara">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FEDAFAFF9FDDD4B0" box="[281,423,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lates uwisara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, ANFC H.6316-11, 332 mm SL.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C35A6556FFE26800FF04FA3D9AEFD4DB" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE26800FF04FA3D9AEFD4DB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1454,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FF04FA3D9F34D4F7" bold="true" box="[199,334,1454,1478]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species-name is a patronym honouring the Burmese patriot U Wisara; it is formed as a substantive in apposition. We suggest
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<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE26800FDD8FA409CF2D4DA" box="[539,648,1491,1515]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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Sea Bass as the common name of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6556FFE26801FF04FA659D28D0B6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE26800FF04FA659CCBD6D3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1454,2018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FF04FA659F41D73F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1526,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B2CFFE26800FE81FA659C6AD73F" box="[322,528,1526,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ward, R. D., Holmes, B. H. & Yearsley, G. K. (2008) DNA barcoding reveals a likely second species of Asian sea bass (barramundi) (Lates calcarifer). Journal of Fish Biology, 72, 458 - 463." type="journal article">
|
||
Ward
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FE46FA649FC4D73F" box="[389,446,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
investigated CO1 sequence divergence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE26800FC33FA649A57D73F" box="[1008,1069,1527,1550]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FC33FA649A57D73F" box="[1008,1069,1527,1550]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE26800FB17FA659B47D73F" box="[1236,1341,1526,1550]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Queensland,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE26800FF1CF9899F2BD703" box="[223,337,1562,1586]" name="Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE26800FE45F9889F8FD702" box="[390,501,1563,1587]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. While the former three populations were shown to be almost identical (0.5% divergence), the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE26800FEE3F9AC9FF7D766" box="[288,397,1599,1623]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens showed a divergence of 9.5%, sufficient to signify a distinct species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B2CFFE26800FA80F9AD9F55D74B" author="Page" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Page, T. J. & Hughes, J. M. (2010) Comparing the performance of multiple mitochondrial genes in the analysis of Australian freshwater fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 77, 2093 - 2122." type="journal article" year="2010">Page & Hughes 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B2CFFE26800FEFAF9F19C67D74B" author="Benziger" box="[313,541,1634,1658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Benziger, A., Philip, S., Raghavan, R., Ali. P. H. A., Sukumaran, M., Tharian, J. C., Dahanukar, N., Baby, F., Peter, R., Rema Devi, K., Radhakrishnan 1, K. V., Haniffa, M. A., Britz, R. & Antunes, A. (2011) Unraveling a 146 years old taxonomic puzzle: Validation of Malabar snakehead, species-status and its relevance for channid systematics and evolution. PLOS One, 6, e 21272 (12 pp)." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Benziger
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FE67F9F09FA6D74B" box="[420,476,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB887FFFE26800FDA2F9F09CEBD74A" box="[609,657,1635,1659]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE26800FD3FF9F09D09D74B" box="[764,883,1635,1658]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uwisara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FD3FF9F09D09D74B" box="[764,883,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. uwisara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises the same specimens analysed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B2CFFE26800FAA3F9F19F53D7AF" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ward, R. D., Holmes, B. H. & Yearsley, G. K. (2008) DNA barcoding reveals a likely second species of Asian sea bass (barramundi) (Lates calcarifer). Journal of Fish Biology, 72, 458 - 463." type="journal article">
|
||
Ward
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FF54F9149EA8D7AF" box="[151,210,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Interestingly, these authors also found a sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE26800FC47F9149DBAD7AF" box="[900,960,1671,1694]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FC47F9149DBAD7AF" box="[900,960,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE26800FBC8F9159AB5D7AF" box="[1035,1231,1670,1694]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to be identical to three of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE26800FEE2F9389FF4D7F2" box="[289,398,1707,1731]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE26800FDDAF9389C2CD7F3" box="[537,598,1707,1730]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FDDAF9389C2CD7F3" box="[537,598,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not occur naturally in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE26800FC56F9399A22D7F3" box="[917,1112,1706,1730]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
where it has, however, been introduced for aquaculture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B2CFFE26800FE12F95D9C36D7D7" author="FAO" box="[465,588,1742,1766]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization). (2011) Lates calcarifer. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Available from http: // www. fao. org / fishery / culturedspecies / Lates _ calcarifer / en [accessed 29 August 2011]." type="journal article" year="2011">FAO 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While it is thus clear from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B2CFFE26800FC51F95D9A18D7D7" box="[914,1122,1742,1766]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Ward, R. D., Holmes, B. H. & Yearsley, G. K. (2008) DNA barcoding reveals a likely second species of Asian sea bass (barramundi) (Lates calcarifer). Journal of Fish Biology, 72, 458 - 463." type="journal article">
|
||
Ward
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FC15F95C9A75D7D7" box="[982,1039,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE26800FB5FF95C9B6ED7D7" box="[1180,1300,1743,1766]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uwisara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FB5FF95C9B6ED7D7" box="[1180,1300,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. uwisara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has already been used in aquaculture, it also raises a question over its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB887FFFE26800FCFFF9609D16D63A" box="[828,876,1779,1803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: is it indigenous to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE26800FB76F9609B58D63A" box="[1205,1314,1779,1803]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
waters, or might it have been introduced there, too? Data on three further Myanmarese specimens (ZSI FF
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE26800FB14F8859B17D61F" box="[1239,1389,1814,1838]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25177" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="125177.0">125, 177 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, from Pegu [Bago]; ZSI FF
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE26800FE0BF8A99C24D663" box="[456,606,1850,1874]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0214099999999995" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="302141.0">302, 141 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, from Moulmein [Mawlamyaing]; and ZSI FF
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE26800FB59F8A99B4AD663" box="[1178,1328,1850,1874]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.10263" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="410263.0">410, 263 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, from Akyab [Sittwe]) in the Francis Day collection at the ZSI (collected
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FC4FF8CC9DDDD647" box="[908,935,1887,1910]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ca</emphasis>
|
||
1880), kindly provided by S. Batuwita (pers. comm.), indicate they are examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE26800FD90F8109CB6D6AB" box="[595,716,1923,1946]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uwisara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE26800FD90F8109CB6D6AB" box="[595,716,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. uwisara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, leading us tentatively to regard the species as being originally from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE26800FF14F8349F3CD68E" box="[215,326,1959,1983]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. If the species has indeed entered into widespread use in aquaculture, however, it is likely to be recorded from additional localities in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36DDFFE36801FF04FF049D28D0B6" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The specimens in our series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE36801FDE3FF0A9CEDD181" box="[544,663,153,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uwisara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE36801FDE3FF0A9CEDD181" box="[544,663,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. uwisara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are significantly larger (mean 350 ± s.d.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE36801FBA3FF049AD5D19E" box="[1120,1199,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL) than those in the other species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE36801FEF8FF2E9FBDD1E5" box="[315,455,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE36801FEF8FF2E9FBDD1E5" box="[315,455,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. calcarifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 178 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE36801FDDCFF2F9C0AD1E5" box="[543,624,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE36801FD6BFF2E9D4ED1E5" box="[680,820,189,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE36801FD6BFF2E9D4ED1E5" box="[680,820,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 205 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE36801FC4FFF2F9DA6D1E5" box="[908,988,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE36801FBD6FF2E9AFCD1E5" box="[1045,1158,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lakdiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE36801FBD6FF2E9AFCD1E5" box="[1045,1158,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. lakdiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 238 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B38FFE36801FB1CFF2F9B55D1E5" box="[1247,1327,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL). It is possible, therefore, that at least one of the characters in the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D5EFFE36801FC11FF729A31D1C9" box="[978,1099,225,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Latidae" genus="Lates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uwisara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE36801FC11FF729A31D1C9" box="[978,1099,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. uwisara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—viz., eye diameter less than depth of maxilla—is a consequence of allometry, which is particularly striking in the case of fish eyes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B2CFFE36801FADBFE979E80D00E" author="Howland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Howland, H. C., Merola, S. & Basarab, J. R. (2004) The allometry and scaling of the size of vertebrate eyes. Vision Research, 44, 2043 - 2065." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F357764DFFE36801FADBFE979BFAD02D" box="[1304,1408,260,284]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Howland</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EACFFFE36801FA4BFE969ECED071" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The number of scale rows between the third dorsal spine and lateral line, however, remains constant within species across the sample examined and, together with the relative lengths of the pelvic, dorsal and anal fin spines, may provide the best means of identifying this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |