430 lines
48 KiB
XML
430 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac053" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="35706103-4302-459E-A72F-769063E2DB21" checkinTime="1665471502208" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Perrichot, Vincent, Boudinot, Brendon E., Engel, Michael S., Fls, Xu, Chunpeng, Bojarski, Błażej & Szwedo, Jacek" docDate="2022" docId="03E987ACC87DF40DFCF5FEF0FC5B08AC" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac053.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Ravavy goldmani Boudinot & Perrichot 2022" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="785" masterDocId="FFD0FFD4C87AF407FF9BFF96FF820D4A" masterDocTitle="Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Miocene Ethiopian amber: filling gaps in the geological record of African terrestrial biota" masterLastPageNumber="791" masterPageNumber="775" pageNumber="782" updateTime="1665681337282" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Miocene Ethiopian amber: filling gaps in the geological record of African terrestrial biota</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Perrichot, Vincent</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fls</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Xu, Chunpeng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bojarski, Błażej</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Szwedo, Jacek</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-07-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>196</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>775</mods:start>
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<mods:end>791</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac053</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">35706103-4302-459E-A72F-769063E2DB21</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987ACC87DF40DFCF5FEF0FC5B08AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987ACC87DF40DFCF5FEF0FC5B08AC" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="785" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="782" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[878,1391,357,412]" box="[878,1391,357,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">
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<taxonomicName authority="Boudinot & Perrichot" authorityName="Boudinot & Perrichot" authorityYear="2022" box="[878,1391,357,382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="775" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goldmani" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[878,1099,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">RAVAVY GOLDMANI</emphasis>
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BOUDINOT & PERRICHOT
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[878,1391,357,412]" box="[1085,1184,388,412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">
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<heading box="[1085,1184,388,412]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="782" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1085,1184,388,412]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">SP. NOV.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="782" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[1075,1194,426,451]" box="[1075,1194,426,451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[1083,1187,426,451]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="7.[164,243,1846,1868]" captionStartId-1="8.[145,226,1321,1343]" captionTargetBox-0="[324,1283,719,1807]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1422,197,1280]" captionTargetId-0="figure-266@7.[323,1283,717,1807]" captionTargetId-1="figure-208@8.[148,1422,195,1282]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Figure 4. Ravavy goldmani sp. nov., holotype male NIGP180512, photomicrographs. A, left lateral view, slightly anterioroblique orientation. B, ventral view, slightly left-lateral-oblique orientation. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Figure 5. Ravavy goldmani sp. nov., photomicrographs. A–B, holotype male NIGP180512, C–F, paratype male IGR. ET2015/001a. A, right lateral view, slightly posterodorsal–oblique orientation. B, oral view, slightly right–lateral–oblique orientation. C, dorsal view, slightly right lateral, anterior oblique orientation.D, ventral view, slightly right–lateral, posterior oblique orientation. E, right lateral, slightly ventral, anterior oblique view. F, caudal view of genitalia, slightly right lateral oblique. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for A, B, F; 1.0 mm for C–E." pageId="7" pageNumber="782">FIGS 4–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[827,1444,467,520]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">
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<emphasis box="[827,1160,467,489]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n:</emphasis>
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u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act:
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<uuid box="[905,1437,498,520]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">693FB2F0-817E-4BD6-B2E4-5585AFC99EA2</uuid>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="783" pageId="7" pageNumber="782" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[827,1444,550,633]" lastBlockId="8.[145,762,1531,1645]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="783" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">
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<emphasis box="[827,996,550,571]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">Type material:</emphasis>
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<typeStatus box="[1011,1116,550,572]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">Holotype</typeStatus>
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NIGP180512, male, housed in the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGPAS,
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<collectingCountry box="[949,1022,611,633]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">China</collectingCountry>
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);
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<typeStatus box="[1043,1147,611,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">paratype</typeStatus>
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IGR.ET2015/001a, male, housed in the Geological Museum of the University of Rennes (IGR,
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<collectingCountry box="[307,390,1562,1583]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">France</collectingCountry>
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). In Early Miocene (16–23 Mya) amber from the North Shewa Zone,
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<collectingRegion box="[575,756,1593,1615]" country="Ethiopia" name="Amara" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">Amhara region</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[145,247,1623,1645]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="782" startId="7.[164,243,1846,1868]" targetBox="[324,1283,719,1807]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[163,1442,1846,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,268,1846,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Perrichot & Boudinot & Engel & Fls & Xu & Bojarski & Szwedo, 2022" authorityName="Perrichot & Boudinot & Engel & Fls & Xu & Bojarski & Szwedo" authorityYear="2022" box="[279,463,1847,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goldmani" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[279,463,1847,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="782">Ravavy goldmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[469,548,1847,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="782" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, holotype male NIGP180512, photomicrographs. A, left lateral view, slightly anterioroblique orientation. B, ventral view, slightly left-lateral-oblique orientation. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="783" startId="8.[145,226,1321,1343]" targetBox="[150,1422,197,1280]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[145,1427,1321,1461]" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,254,1321,1343]" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Perrichot & Boudinot & Engel & Fls & Xu & Bojarski & Szwedo, 2022" authorityName="Perrichot & Boudinot & Engel & Fls & Xu & Bojarski & Szwedo" authorityYear="2022" box="[268,460,1322,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="783" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="goldmani" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[268,460,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">Ravavy goldmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[467,551,1322,1344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="783" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, photomicrographs. A–B, holotype male NIGP180512, C–F, paratype male IGR. ET2015/001a. A, right lateral view, slightly posterodorsal–oblique orientation. B, oral view, slightly right–lateral–oblique orientation. C, dorsal view, slightly right lateral, anterior oblique orientation. D, ventral view, slightly right–lateral, posterior oblique orientation. E, right lateral, slightly ventral, anterior oblique view. F, caudal view of genitalia, slightly right lateral oblique. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for A, B, F; 1.0 mm for C–E.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="783" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[145,760,1689,1803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">
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<emphasis box="[145,281,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">Etymology:</emphasis>
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The specific epithet honours Mr Yale Goldman (Bloomfield,
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<collectingRegion box="[440,595,1719,1741]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
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) who kindly facilitated access to the
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<typeStatus box="[441,492,1750,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">type</typeStatus>
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specimens of the new species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="784" pageId="8" pageNumber="783" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[145,761,1838,1891]" lastBlockId="8.[809,1424,1531,1890]" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">
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<emphasis box="[145,264,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Because of the limited knowledge of male ants at the global scale, this diagnosis is broken into four parts in order to establish the identity of the treated specimens: identification at the subfamilial, tribal, generic and species levels.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[809,1424,1531,1890]" lastBlockId="9.[163,779,197,1875]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="784" pageId="8" pageNumber="783">
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(I) Identifiable as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="FOREL" authorityYear="1878" box="[1048,1228,1623,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination: (1) clypeal condyle large, rhomboidal (see note 1 below); (2) forewing cross-vein cu-a prefurcal, i.e. joining M+Cu proximad branching point of M and Cu; (3) helcium infraaxial; (4) abdominal segment III unpetiolated, i.e. not reduced in size relative to segment IV; (5) prora absent; (6) abdominal segment IV without cinctus; (7) gonostylus dorsoventrally short relative to gonocoxite, proximally constricted and not extending proximad gonocoxite (note 2); (8) basivolsellar process present (note 3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[163,779,197,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">
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(II) Identifiable as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="DUBOVIKOFF" authorityYear="2005" box="[393,599,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Bothriomyrmecini">Bothriomyrmecini</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination (note 4): (9) clypeus not extending posteriorly between toruli; (10) medial hypostomal lamina absent; (11) forewing cross-vein 2rs-m absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="784" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[163,779,197,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">
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(III) Identifiable as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2009" box="[407,492,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[407,492,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Ravavy</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following features, all of which are unique within
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<taxonomicName authorityName="DUBOVIKOFF" authorityYear="2005" box="[507,715,442,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Bothriomyrmecini">Bothriomyrmecini</taxonomicName>
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(note 5): (12) mandible unidentate, spatulate with an apical spiniform tooth (vs. mandible multidentate, strapshaped to spiniform) (note 6); (13) palp formula 6,3 (vs. 6,4 or ≤ 4,3) (note 7); (14) pterostigma situated immediately proximad forewing midlength (vs. situated distad); (15) marginal cell extremely long, somewhat more than twice the length of submarginal cell 1; (16) Rf appendix, i.e. distalmost free abscissa of R, long, somewhat shorter than pterostigma; (17) discal cell subrectangular, longer proximodistally than wide anteroposteriorly and size small; (18) petiolar node broadly convex in profile view (vs. anteroposteriorly narrow and squamiform); (19) penite apices not downcurved, but rather being produced distally as long, linear processes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="784" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[163,779,197,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">
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(IV) Distinguished from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2009" box="[495,691,933,955]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miafina">
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<emphasis box="[495,691,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Ravavy miafina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following (note 8): (20) smaller, BL ~ 2.57–2.34, WL ~ 0.43–0.46, FWL ~ 2.17–2.52 (vs. larger, BL ~3.33–4.46, WL ~ 1.30–1.67, FWL ~ 3.85–3.99); (21) head somewhat broader, CI ~ 122 (vs. narrower, CI ~112–114, although
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<quantity box="[400,472,1086,1108]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0987999999999998" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" unit="in" value="122.0">122 in</quantity>
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<specimenCount box="[480,639,1086,1108]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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); (22) malar space relatively long, MSI ~ 6 and space distinctly longer than proximal width of mandible in lateral view (vs. relatively short, MSI ~ 28–32 and distinctly shorter than proximal mandibular width); (23) eye relatively long, OI ~ 40–39 (vs. eye relatively short, OI ~ 14–18); (24) ocelli relatively small, OCI ~ 38 (vs. 44–62); (25) antennomere III but not IV slightly kinked (vs. both antennomeres kinked); (26) mesoscutum relatively long, MI ~ 80 (vs. short, MI ~ 104–131); (27) scutoscutellar sulcus distinctly broad (vs. short, almost line-like); (28) petiole relatively long,
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<collectionCode box="[226,253,1455,1476]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">PI</collectionCode>
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~ 80 (vs. short,
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<collectionCode box="[444,471,1455,1476]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">PI</collectionCode>
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~ 51–67); (29) bristle-like setae apparently not developed on gastral sternites (vs. such setae present on all gastral sternites except the first); (30) abdominal sternum IX posterior margin broadly convex (vs. broadly emarginate); (31) gonostyli relatively long, length ~ 2–3 × height (vs. short, length ~ 1 × height); (32) gonostylar apices narrowly pointed (vs. broadly rounded); (33) ventral margin of penite more-or-less linear from base to apex (vs. base produced ventrally as a dorsoventrally long, anteroposteriorly narrow, serrate lobe); and (34) apicoventral penite processes short, length from proximodorsal inflection point ~ 1 × height (vs. long, length ~ 4 × height).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[827,1048,197,219]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[820,1445,197,1875]" box="[827,1048,197,219]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Notes on diagnosis:</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="785" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[820,1445,197,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">
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1. A large, rhomboidal clypeal condyle is an apparent synapomorphy of the Dolichoderomorpha, i.e.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="FOREL" authorityYear="1878" box="[859,1031,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dolichoderinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
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+ Aneuretinae. The clypeal condyle of
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<taxonomicName box="[889,1017,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="788" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
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and other subfamilies is variable in shape, often anteroposteriorly narrow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="9.[820,1445,197,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">
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2. The form of the gonopod is an apparent synapomorphy of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="FOREL" authorityYear="1878" box="[1061,1233,412,434]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="791" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
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as it is not shared with Aneuretinae.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[820,1445,197,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">
|
||
3. Most dolichoderines have a posteroventral (ventroapical) basivolsellar process, which may be short and triangular to elongate and digitate. The process is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Forel, 1878" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1878" box="[1168,1387,565,587]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Azteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1168,1242,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Azteca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forel A" box="[1255,1387,565,587]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="337 - 392" refId="ref10425" refString="Forel A. 1878. Etudes myrmecologiques en 1878 (premiere partie) avec l'anatomie du gesier des fourmis. Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 15: 337 - 392." type="journal article" year="1878">Forel, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wild & Cuezzo, 2006" authorityName="Wild & Cuezzo" authorityYear="2006" box="[859,1271,596,618]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Gracilidris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,984,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Gracilidris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wild AL & Cuezzo F" box="[1001,1271,596,618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref12107" refString="Wild AL, Cuezzo F. 2006. Rediscovery of a fossil dolichoderine ant lineage (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) and a description of a new genus from South America. Zootaxa 1142: 57 - 68." type="journal article" year="2006">Wild & Cuezzo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sister taxa),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Shattuck, 1992" authorityName="Shattuck" authorityYear="1992" box="[859,1162,626,648]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,977,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Ochetellus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shattuck SO" box="[987,1162,626,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref11655" refString="Shattuck SO. 1992. Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 21: 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992">Shattuck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lund, 1831" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dolichoderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1294,1443,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Dolichoderus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lund PW" box="[859,988,657,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="113 - 138" refId="ref10824" refString="Lund PW. 1831. Lettre sur les habitudes de quelques fourmis du Bresil, adressee a M. Audouin. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 23: 113 - 138." type="journal article" year="1831">Lund, 1831</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Formicines do not have a basivolsellar process; such a process is present convergently in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1893" box="[942,1121,718,740]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amblyoponinae">Amblyoponinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is a synapomorphy for that subfamily (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yoshimura M & Fisher BL" box="[1110,1437,749,771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="33325" refId="ref12269" refString="Yoshimura M, Fisher BL. 2012. A revision of male ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with resurrections of the genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer. PLoS One 7: e 33325." type="journal article" year="2012">Yoshimura & Fisher, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boudinot BE" box="[859,1031,780,802]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref9484" refString="Boudinot BE. 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages. European Journal of Taxonomy 120: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="2015">Boudinot, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[820,1445,197,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">
|
||
4. In their recent phylogenetic revision of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Ward et al. (2010)" authorityName="Ward" authorityYear="2010" box="[859,1318,841,863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dolichoderinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
Dolichoderinae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ward PS & Brady SG & Fisher BL & Schultz TR" box="[1060,1318,841,863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="342 - 362" refId="ref11959" refString="Ward PS, Brady SG, Fisher BL, Schultz TR. 2010. Phylogeny and biogeography of dolichoderine ants: effects of data partitioning and relict taxa on historical inference. Systematic Biology 59: 342 - 362." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Ward
|
||
<emphasis box="[1147,1222,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided reduction or loss of the medial hypostomal lamina as a synapomorphy of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="DUBOVIKOFF" authorityYear="2005" box="[1176,1384,902,924]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Bothriomyrmecini">Bothriomyrmecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
that occurs in both sexes. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boudinot BE & Probst RS & Brandao CRF & Feitosa RM & Ward PS" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="658 - 671" refId="ref9572" refString="Boudinot BE, Probst RS, Brandao CRF, Feitosa RM, Ward PS. 2016. Out of the Neotropics: newly discovered relictual species sheds light on the biogeographical history of spider ants (Leptomyrmex, Dolichoderinae, Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 41: 658 - 671." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Boudinot
|
||
<emphasis box="[1385,1445,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized loss of forewing cross-vein 2rs-m as another diagnostic condition. Here, we propose the ‘short’ condition of the clypeus as an additional synapomorphy of the tribe. The clypeus in both males and females extends posteriorly between the antennal toruli in the majority of dolichoderine genera with only a few exceptions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shattuck SO" box="[1264,1437,1148,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref11655" refString="Shattuck SO. 1992. Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 21: 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992">Shattuck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boudinot BE" box="[859,1031,1178,1200]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref9484" refString="Boudinot BE. 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages. European Journal of Taxonomy 120: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="2015">Boudinot, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), such as the
|
||
<emphasis box="[1186,1316,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">neotropicus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1372,1442,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">macro</emphasis>
|
||
clades of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mayr, 1862" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[965,1254,1209,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[965,1118,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Leptomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayr G" box="[1127,1254,1209,1231]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="649 - 776" refId="ref10921" refString="Mayr G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 649 - 776." type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lucky A & Ward PS" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref10795" refString="Lucky A, Ward PS. 2010. Taxonomic revision of the ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 2688: 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2010">Lucky & Ward, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boudinot BE & Probst RS & Brandao CRF & Feitosa RM & Ward PS" box="[926,1161,1240,1262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="658 - 671" refId="ref9572" refString="Boudinot BE, Probst RS, Brandao CRF, Feitosa RM, Ward PS. 2016. Out of the Neotropics: newly discovered relictual species sheds light on the biogeographical history of spider ants (Leptomyrmex, Dolichoderinae, Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 41: 658 - 671." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Boudinot
|
||
<emphasis box="[1037,1093,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barden P & Boudinot BE & Lucky A" box="[1174,1388,1240,1262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="765 - 780" refId="ref9249" refString="Barden P, Boudinot BE, Lucky A. 2017. Where fossils dare and males matter: combined morphological and molecular analysis untangles the evolutionary history of the spider ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Dolichoderinae). Invertebrate Systematics 31: 765 - 780." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Barden
|
||
<emphasis box="[1264,1320,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[820,1445,197,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">
|
||
5. Males and queens of the Bornean genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Shattuck, 1992" authorityName="Shattuck" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loweriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1323,1443,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Loweriella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shattuck SO" box="[859,1029,1301,1323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="1 - 181" refId="ref11655" refString="Shattuck SO. 1992. Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 21: 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992">Shattuck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown in contrast to the other three bothriomyrmecine genera (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Emery, 1869 a" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1267,1443,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Bothriomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Emery C" box="[859,1035,1362,1384]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="117 - 118" refId="ref10076" refString="Emery C. 1869 a. Descrizione di una nuova formica italiana. Annuario del Museo Zoologico della Reale Universita de Napoli 5: 117 - 118." type="journal article" year="1869">Emery, 1869a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Santschi, 1919" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1919" box="[1071,1437,1362,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chronoxenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1071,1219,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Chronoxenus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Santschi F" box="[1248,1437,1362,1384]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref11494" refString="Santschi F. 1919. Fourmis du genre Bothriomyrmex Emery (Systematique et moeurs). Revue Zoologique Africaine 7: 201 - 224." type="journal article" year="1919">Santschi, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2009" box="[859,944,1394,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,944,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Ravavy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Because
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shattuck" authorityYear="1992" box="[1083,1203,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loweriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1083,1203,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Loweriella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sister-group of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Ward et al., 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Ward" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[893,1221,1424,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[893,978,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Ravavy</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ward PS & Brady SG & Fisher BL & Schultz TR" box="[1000,1213,1424,1446]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="342 - 362" refId="ref11959" refString="Ward PS, Brady SG, Fisher BL, Schultz TR. 2010. Phylogeny and biogeography of dolichoderine ants: effects of data partitioning and relict taxa on historical inference. Systematic Biology 59: 342 - 362." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Ward
|
||
<emphasis box="[1075,1138,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a number of the diagnostic traits of the latter genus adduced here may be synapomorphies of the two genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[820,1445,197,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">
|
||
6.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yoshimura M & Fisher BL" box="[852,1177,1516,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref12231" refString="Yoshimura M, Fisher BL. 2011. A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): key to genera of the subfamily Dolichoderinae. Zootaxa 2794: 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2011">Yoshimura & Fisher (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
tentatively remarked that additional, vestigial denticles may be present in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2009" box="[897,1027,1577,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miafina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[897,1027,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">R. miafina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and label a possible denticle on a dissected mandible imaged with a compound microscope. Because this apparent denticle is on the lateral mandibular margin, and as the apical tooth is a consistent feature of even ‘edentate’ mandibles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boudinot BE & Moosdorf OTD & Beutel RG & Richter A" box="[867,1099,1730,1752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" pagination="1616 - 1658" refId="ref9623" refString="Boudinot BE, Moosdorf OTD, Beutel RG, Richter A. 2021. Anatomy and evolution of the head of Dorylus helvolus (Formicidae: Dorylinae): patterns of sex- and caste-limited traits in the sausagefly and the driver ant. Journal of Morphology 282: 1616 - 1658." type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Boudinot
|
||
<emphasis box="[977,1032,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we interpret the mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2009" box="[858,980,1761,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miafina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,980,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">R. miafina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as strictly unidentate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[820,1445,197,1875]" lastBlockId="10.[146,761,197,526]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="785" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">
|
||
7. The 6,3 palpomere count is an apparent synapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[993,1078,1823,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[993,1078,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Ravavy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="DUBOVIKOFF" authorityYear="2005" box="[1229,1440,1822,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="782" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Bothriomyrmecini">Bothriomyrmecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shattuck" authorityYear="1992" box="[859,979,1853,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Loweriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="784" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,979,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="784">Loweriella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a plesiomorphic 6,4 count, while
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1869" box="[177,353,197,218]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bothriomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[177,353,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">Bothriomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1919" box="[415,563,197,218]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chronoxenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[415,563,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">Chronoxenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share a derived, reduced count which is ≤ 4,3 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bolton B" box="[523,668,228,250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref9318" refString="Bolton B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71: 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[523,600,228,250]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">Bolton</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fisher BL" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" pagination="37 - 52" refId="ref10361" refString="Fisher BL. 2009. Two new dolichoderine ant genera from Madagascar: Aptinoma gen. n. and Ravavy gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 2118: 37 - 52." type="journal article" year="2009">Fisher, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yoshimura M & Fisher BL" box="[243,540,258,280]" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref12231" refString="Yoshimura M, Fisher BL. 2011. A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): key to genera of the subfamily Dolichoderinae. Zootaxa 2794: 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="2011">Yoshimura & Fisher, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[146,761,197,526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">
|
||
8. The fine anatomy and morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2009" box="[612,733,289,311]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miafina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[612,733,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">R. miafina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fisher BL" box="[326,474,320,342]" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" pagination="37 - 52" refId="ref10361" refString="Fisher BL. 2009. Two new dolichoderine ant genera from Madagascar: Aptinoma gen. n. and Ravavy gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 2118: 37 - 52." type="journal article" year="2009">Fisher (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and especiallyYoshimura & Fisher (2011). The latter work provided a revised diagnosis of this species plus a comparative analysis of genitalic form. Comparisons were made to the images in the literature, on AntWeb (2022), and to specimens examined at the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[503,618,473,495]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
Academy of Sciences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="785" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[143,762,582,1892]" lastBlockId="10.[808,1426,197,1047]" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,303,583,604]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Integument uniformly imbricate, apparently with a more-or-less even vestiture of extremely short and appressed pubescence; bristlelike setae not visible on body with exception of tarsi, gastral tergites and gonostyli, those of gastral tergites sparse. Head roughly rectangular, narrow anterad eyes and broader posteriorly; malar space relatively broad, being longer than proximal width of mandible in lateral view; posterior head margin emarginate. Compound eye bulging, length slightly less than half head-length, subreniform with subtle emargination occurring on along ventral eye margin and with> 175 ommatidia but probably not more than 200 (complete count not possible). Ocelli small; lateral ocelli relatively wideset, separated from one another by somewhat more than three lateral ocellar lengths. Frontal carinae poorly developed. Antenna 13-merous, scape about as long as compound eye and about 3 × as long as pedicel; pedicel about twice as long as wide and slightly more than half the length of antennomere III; antennomere III slightly kinked at about midlength; antennomeres III–XIII subequal in length and about 4 × as long as wide. Ocellar sensilla (setae) not visible. Anterior clypeal margin more-orless linear; clypeal setation not observable; posterior clypeal margin convex, portion of epistomal sulcus anterad and between toruli linear, weakly concave. Mandibles spiniform, tapering to their unidentate apices, thus appearing wedge-shaped in dorsal view. Labrum deeply notched apically, sides distinctly narrowing apicomediad. Palp formula 6,3; maxillary palp relatively long, exceeding hypostomal margin but not occiput; labial palp short, about one-fourth length of maxillary palp. Prementum elongate, diamond shaped. Stipes without transverse carina. Medial hypostomal lamina absent. Pronotum short, strap-like. Mesoscutum relatively long, with maximum length greater than maximum width; notauli absent; parapsides diverging anteriorly; scutoscutellar sulcus distinctly broad; lateral mesopectal sulcus sinuate. Upper metapleural region distinct, about 4 × as long as broad; lower metapleural region indistinct. Propodeum without distinct dorsal and posterior surfaces; propodeal spiracle small, circular, set slightly below metaphragmal pit. Femora puny, thin; metafemur and metatibia slightly sinuate. Tibial spur formula 1,1. Arolia small, barely visible. Petiole elliptical in lateral view, with broadly convex tergum and sternum; node not squamiform. Abdominal tergum III with broad but shallow concavity anteriorly above helcium. Abdominal segments III–VII similar in size, unmodified. Abdominal sterna VII–VIII broadly emarginate posteriorly. Abdominal sternum IX posterior margin convex, simple. Cerci not visible. Cupula not visible. Gonocoxite length uncertain; gonocoxital apex distinctly offset from gonostylar base. Gonostylus elongate, triangular; length about 2–3 × width; apex narrowly pointed. Volsellae incompletely visible; basivolsellar process present, acute; cuspis absent; lateropenite (= digitus) apex directed ventrad at nearly right angle relative to body of volsella; dorsal margin of digitus almost lobate; digital apices narrowing, almost rod-like and curved laterad. Ventral margins of penites moreor-less linear from base to apex; dorsal margins broadly convex in lateral view; apical processes directed posterad and relatively short, length from proximodorsal inflection point ~ 1 × height. Fore and hind wing venation virtually identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2009" box="[1293,1418,995,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miafina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1293,1418,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">R. miafina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Jugal lobe absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[809,1426,1088,1416]" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1135,1088,1110]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">Measurements and indices:</emphasis>
|
||
Dashes indicate metric could not be taken or calculated.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1191,1297,1118,1140]" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: BL ~ 2.34, HL 0.54, HW 0.41, HWE 0.50, EL 0.21, MSL 0.09, FcW –, SL –, OLL –, OIL –, WL 0.91,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1177,1217,1180,1201]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
0.43,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1286,1334,1180,1201]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
–, FWL 2.17,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[869,902,1211,1232]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
–,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[934,975,1211,1232]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
0.09,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1041,1078,1211,1232]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">PH</collectingCountry>
|
||
0.12, GL 0.86, GW 0.43, CI 92, HWI 122, MSI 6, SI –, OI 39, EPI –, OCI –, MI –,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1398,1424,1242,1263]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">PI</collectionCode>
|
||
–.
|
||
<typeStatus box="[836,943,1272,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
: BL ~ 2.57, HL 0.54, HW 0.41, HWE 0.48, MSL 0.09, EL 0.22, FcW 0.12, SL 0.22, OLL 0.04, OIL 0.011, WL 0.98,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[989,1029,1334,1355]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">ML</collectionCode>
|
||
0.46,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1095,1142,1334,1355]" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">MW</collectionCode>
|
||
0.37, FWL 2.52,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1332,1365,1334,1355]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
0.12,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[809,850,1364,1385]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
–,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[884,921,1364,1385]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">PH</collectingCountry>
|
||
0.15, GL 0.93, GW 0.54, CI 90, HWI –, MSI 6, SI –, OI 40, EPI –, OCI 38, MI 80,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1223,1249,1395,1416]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">PI</collectionCode>
|
||
80.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[809,1425,1457,1510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,869,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">Note:</emphasis>
|
||
For comparison, see the metrics for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2009" box="[1301,1425,1457,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="785" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miafina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1301,1425,1457,1479]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="785">R. miafina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |