185 lines
23 KiB
XML
185 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="38C259EBC26E425597955279582D7612" ID-CLB-Dataset="298698" ID-DOI="10.21307/jofnem-2022-002" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c2d976d2-3b31-4091-802d-c11347478fda" ID-ISSN="2640-396X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11644649" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1718309280278" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bernard, Ernest C, Chaffin, Angel G & Gwinn, Kimberly D" docDate="2022" docId="03E987A7FFF2FFA3D853FAC4FE628ED3" docLanguage="en" docName="JNematol.54.1.002.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Nematology 54 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2022-002" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DDD1F39569878942AA8312288C6178BF.2:JNematol.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="DDD1F39569878942AA8312288C6178BF" docStyleName="JNematol.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Meloidogyne incognita" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFD0FFDFFFF1FFA7DB65FFC3FF898862" masterDocTitle="Review of nematode interactions with hemp (Cannabis sativa)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1718907079740" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="50778AD8B7C1C11E66C0A29582A94D10">
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<mods:title id="AD0EEEDB288D178C6DA69C0D7691F591">Review of nematode interactions with hemp (Cannabis sativa)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E1AAAB0128DADD628CB2E456CB7A482">Bernard, Ernest C</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7DF68304FB6C829887215DE24B1A439C">Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology, Building, 2505 E J Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 4560.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="87EF8012D435C3D837FF7E1DB4209238" type="email">ebernard@utk.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9AD3E57FED5EC4AC60A2739930138A4B">Chaffin, Angel G</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="349CF350D084FCE9BCCFCA353BB15F08">Pope’s Plant Farm, Maryville, TN.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ED4EB1B5AD0BD9487669A047E95E03CA">Gwinn, Kimberly D</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3FF51E84313E1685EC9911458306A671">Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, 370 Plant Biotechnology, Building, 2505 E J Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 - 4560.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="928B76C15078142044BFC471C74FA0B5">Journal of Nematology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="148B24A43EBDAE6BB07171F88822E976">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4A404E0A0A8829A2398E174D36C6CC60">2021-08-23</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E987A7FFF2FFA3D853FAC4FE628ED3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12191518" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233242944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12191518" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987A7FFF2FFA3D853FAC4FE628ED3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987A7FFF2FFA3D853FAC4FE628ED3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="C35A653AFFF2FFA4D853FAC4FB668D2E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36B1FFF2FFA4D853FAC4FB668D2E" blockId="3.[822,1426,1287,1356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="D0B781DDFFF2FFA4D853FAC4FB668D2E" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF2FFA4D853FAC4FB668D2E" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF2FFA4D853FAC4FA1B8D47" ID-CoL="8GCCK" authority="(Kofoid and White)" baseAuthorityName="Kofoid and White" box="[822,1426,1287,1317]" class="Chromadorea" family="Meloidogynidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF2FFA4D853FAC4FB098D47" bold="true" box="[822,1152,1287,1317]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Meloidogyne incognita</emphasis>
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(Kofoid and White)
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</taxonomicName>
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(southern root-knot nematode)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36B1FFF2FFA3D853FAABFD2A8A93" blockId="3.[822,1437,1384,1921]" lastBlockId="4.[149,768,184,1713]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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This nematode also is cosmopolitan and probably accounts for more crop loss worldwide than any other species. Despite the importance of
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF2FFA4DE6BFA6BFA158DA3" box="[1294,1436,1448,1473]" class="Chromadorea" family="Meloidogynidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF2FFA4DE6BFA6BFA158DA3" box="[1294,1436,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. incognita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in agriculture, its pathogenicity on hemp has hardly been examined.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF2FFA4DF67FA2BFAAF8E63" author="Whittle, W. O. & Drain, B. D." box="[1026,1318,1512,1537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16393" refString="Whittle, W. O. and Drain, B. D. 1935. The root-knot nematode in Tennessee. Its prevalence and suggestions for control. University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station Circular No. 54." type="book" year="1935">Whittle and Drain (1935)</bibRefCitation>
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were the first to experimentally study this species on hemp, as
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF2FFA4D838F9EBFBE88E23" box="[861,1121,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF2FFA4D838F9EBFBD48E23" box="[861,1117,1576,1601]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heteroderidae" genus="Heterodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="radicicola">Heterodera radicicola</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Cotton was a good host, but not tobacco or peanut, which identifies this population as
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF2FFA4D897F9ABFB548EE3" authority="Race" authorityName="Race" box="[1010,1245,1640,1665]" class="Chromadorea" family="Meloidogynidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF2FFA4D897F9ABFB078EE3" box="[1010,1166,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. incognita</emphasis>
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Race
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</taxonomicName>
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3 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF2FFA4DE72F9ABFC558EC3" author="Taylor, A. L. & Sasser, J. N." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15678" refString="Taylor, A. L. and Sasser, J. N. 1977. Biology, identification and control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) North Carolina State University and USAID." type="book" year="1977">Taylor and Sasser, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF2FFA4D89CF94BFB418EC3" author="Pogosyan, E. E." box="[1017,1224,1672,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="27 - 34" refId="ref14268" refString="Pogosyan, E. E. 1960. Root-knot nematodes in the Armenian SSR. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armyanskoi SSR 13: 27 - 34; (In Russian)." type="journal article" year="1960">Pogosyan (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF2FFA4DE7FF94BFC5D8EA3" author="Nirula, K. K. & Kumar, B." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref13804" refString="Nirula, K. K. and Kumar, B. 1964. New host records of the root-knot nematodes. Nematologica 10: 184." type="journal volume" year="1964">Nirula and Kumar (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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reported
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF2FFA4DF2BF96BFB688EA3" box="[1102,1249,1704,1729]" class="Chromadorea" family="Meloidogynidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF2FFA4DF2BF96BFB688EA3" box="[1102,1249,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. incognita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF2FFA4DE73F96BFAF78EA3" box="[1302,1406,1704,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Cannabis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF2FFA4DE73F96BFAF78EA3" box="[1302,1406,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. sativa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F3577621FFF2FFA4D853F90BFC1F8E83" box="[822,918,1736,1761]" name="Armenia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Armenia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3577621FFF2FFA4D8B2F90BFB9B8E83" box="[983,1042,1736,1761]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
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, respectively, but did not provide details on hemp
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<typeStatus id="54FB8813FFF2FFA4DF62F92BFBB38F63" box="[1031,1082,1768,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
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or symptoms. In a study by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF2FFA4D853F8CBFB968F43" author="Kotcon, J. & Wheeler, K. & Cline, R. H. & Carter, S." box="[822,1055,1800,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref12482" refString="Kotcon, J., Wheeler, K., Cline, R. H. and Carter, S. 2018. Susceptibility and yield loss relationships of Meloidogyne hapla and M. incognita infecting Cannabis sativa. Journal of Nematology 50: 644." type="journal volume" year="2018">Kotcon et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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, the fiber cv. ‘Canda’ supported much greater galling and reproduction than did ‘Felina 32’. In recent greenhouse experiments the fiber
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<typeStatus id="54FB8813FFF2FFA4D81FF8ABFC248FE3" box="[890,941,1896,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
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‘Delores’ was a very compatible host for
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF5FFA3DBA7FF7BFE1788B3" authority="Race" authorityName="Race" box="[194,414,184,209]" class="Chromadorea" family="Meloidogynidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF5FFA3DBA7FF7BFEDF88B3" box="[194,342,184,209]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. incognita</emphasis>
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Race
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</taxonomicName>
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3, with numerous galls, egg masses, and high reproduction (up to 1 million eggs/ root system) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF5FFA3DA52FF3BFDFF8973" author="Bernard, E. C. & Chaffin, A. G." box="[311,630,248,273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref9816" refString="Bernard, E. C. and Chaffin, A. G. 2020. Hemp cultivar susceptibility to the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Nematology 52: 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2020">Bernard and Chaffin, 2020</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF5FFA3D9E1FF3BFF768953" author="Hansen, Z. & Bernard, E. & Grant, J. & Gwinn, K. & Hale, F. & Kelly, H. & Stewart, S." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref11485" refString="Hansen, Z., Bernard, E., Grant, J., Gwinn, K., Hale, F., Kelly, H. and Stewart, S. 2020. Hemp disease and pest management. University of Tennessee Extension Publication W 916, Available at: https: // extension. tennessee. edu / publications / Documents / W 916. pdf." type="journal volume" year="2020">Hansen et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="137B2A34FFF5FFA3DA7DFEDBFED18953" box="[280,344,280,305]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[311,382,1849,1874]" captionTargetBox="[230,1343,1215,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-464@2.[229,1343,1214,1820]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1: Time chart of primary literature reporting root-knot nematode-Cannabis sativa associations. Mh, Meloidogyne hapla; Mi, M. incognita; Mj, M. javanica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11644651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11644651/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). The reproductive factor (
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<collectingCountry id="F3577621FFF5FFA3D9FEFEDBFD348953" box="[667,701,280,305]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">RF</collectingCountry>
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) was 36‒81. A CBD-dominant cultivar, ‘Wife’, had only a few galls and minor reproduction (Rf = 0.2) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF5FFA3D9C5FE9BFEF689F3" author="Bernard, E. C. & Chaffin, A. G." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref9816" refString="Bernard, E. C. and Chaffin, A. G. 2020. Hemp cultivar susceptibility to the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Nematology 52: 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2020">Bernard and Chaffin, 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). However, the CBD-dominant cultivar ‘Charlotte’s Web’ had a high Rf value (39.6) and other CBD-dominant cultivars ranged from 2.4 to 17.5.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF5FFA3DBB2FE1BFE128993" author="Van Biljon, E. R." box="[215,411,472,497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="285 - 310" refId="ref15972" refString="Van Biljon, E. R. 2017. Nematode pests of tobacco and fibre crops. In Fourie, H., Spaull, V. W., Jones, R. K., Daneel, M. S. and De Waele, D. (Eds), Nematology in South Africa: a view from the 21 st Century. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland pp. 285 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 44210 - 5 _ 12." type="book chapter" year="2017">Van Biljon (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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found that most of 10 tested cultivars were tolerant or susceptible to
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF5FFA3D90AFE3BFF698A53" authority="Races" authorityName="Races" class="Chromadorea" family="Meloidogynidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF5FFA3D90AFE3BFC898A73" box="[623,768,504,529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. incognita</emphasis>
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Races
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</taxonomicName>
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2 and 4, but that three of the 10 were resistant to Race 2, including ‘Futura 75’. This cultivar was a good host for
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF5FFA3DA34FD9BFDBB8A13" authority="Race" authorityName="Race" box="[337,562,600,625]" class="Chromadorea" family="Meloidogynidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">M. incognita Race</taxonomicName>
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3 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF5FFA3D900FD9BFEB58AF3" author="Bernard, E. C. & Chaffin, A. G." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref9816" refString="Bernard, E. C. and Chaffin, A. G. 2020. Hemp cultivar susceptibility to the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Nematology 52: 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2020">Bernard and Chaffin, 2020</bibRefCitation>
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). Clearly there is a wide variation in susceptibility of hemp to
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF5FFA3DAD1FD5BFDC88AD3" box="[436,577,664,689]" class="Chromadorea" family="Meloidogynidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
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<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF5FFA3DAD1FD5BFDC88AD3" box="[436,577,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. incognita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, both by cultivar and by nematode isolate, which could provide a useful tool for management of this nematode.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36B1FFF5FFA3DBD8FD3BFD298C13" blockId="4.[149,768,184,1713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Evidence is beginning to appear that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF5FFA3D90AFD3BFD778B73" box="[623,766,760,785]" class="Chromadorea" family="Meloidogynidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF5FFA3D90AFD3BFD778B73" box="[623,766,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. incognita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a threat to field production of hemp crops. This nematode caused galls on industrial hemp in a
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F853FFF5FFA3D9D9FCFBFF7F8B13" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
production field, and although the infection was light it was associated with plant stunting (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF5FFA3DBF8FC5BFE048BD3" author="Thiessen, L. D. & Schappe, T. & Cochran, S. & Hicks, K. & Post, A. R." box="[157,397,920,945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="321 - 32" refId="ref15746" refString="Thiessen, L. D., Schappe, T., Cochran, S., Hicks, K. and Post, A. R. 2020. Surveying for potential diseases and abiotic disorders of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) production. Plant Health Progress 21: 321 - 32." type="journal article" year="2020">Thiessen et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F853FFF5FFA3DADDFC5BFDAA8BD3" box="[440,547,920,945]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
, growth of cultivars ‘Boax’ and ‘Otto2’ was reduced and root systems exhibited galling demonstrated to be caused by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D32FFF5FFA3DBF2FC3BFEEF8C73" authority="Race" authorityName="Race" box="[151,358,1016,1041]" class="Chromadorea" family="Meloidogynidae" genus="Meloidogyne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="incognita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF5FFA3DBF2FC3BFEAD8C73" box="[151,292,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. incognita</emphasis>
|
||
Race
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3. In a subsequent greenhouse test this nematode isolate successfully caused galls and reproduced on ‘Maverick’ hemp, a CBD-dominant cultivar, with an Rf of 2.1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF5FFA3DADEFB9BFD1C8C13" author="Lawaju, B. R. & Groover, W. & Kelton, J. & Conner, K. & Sikora, E. & Lawrence, K. S." box="[443,661,1112,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="2021 - 52" refId="ref12644" refString="Lawaju, B. R., Groover, W., Kelton, J., Conner, K., Sikora, E. and Lawrence, K. S. 2021. First report of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Cannabis sativa in Alabama. Journal of Nematology 53: e 2021 - 52." type="journal article" year="2021">Lawaju et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36B1FFF5FFA3DBD8FBBBFE628ED3" blockId="4.[149,768,184,1713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The reproduction factor (Rf) is a useful means of estimating the suitability of a host for nematode increase, but comparisons from one study to another must be made cautiously. In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F853FFF5FFA3D948FB1BFD188C93" box="[557,657,1240,1265]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF5FFA3DBF2FB3BFEFD8D73" author="Lawaju, B. R. & Groover, W. & Kelton, J. & Conner, K. & Sikora, E. & Lawrence, K. S." box="[151,372,1272,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="2021 - 52" refId="ref12644" refString="Lawaju, B. R., Groover, W., Kelton, J., Conner, K., Sikora, E. and Lawrence, K. S. 2021. First report of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Cannabis sativa in Alabama. Journal of Nematology 53: e 2021 - 52." type="journal article" year="2021">Lawaju et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 500-cm
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BF9FFF5FFA3DABFFB34FE6A8D67" attach="left" box="[474,483,1271,1285]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3</superScript>
|
||
pots were used, with an initial inoculum (Pi) of 2,500 eggs; the experiment was run for 45 days and resulted in an Rf of 2.1 on ‘Maverick’. In contrast,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B40FFF5FFA3DA7DFA9BFDCF8D13" author="Bernard, E. C. & Chaffin, A. G." box="[280,582,1368,1393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref9816" refString="Bernard, E. C. and Chaffin, A. G. 2020. Hemp cultivar susceptibility to the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Nematology 52: 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2020">Bernard and Chaffin (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used 1000-cm
|
||
<superScript id="7C359BF9FFF5FFA3D990FA94FD778D07" attach="right" box="[757,766,1367,1381]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3</superScript>
|
||
pots with a Pi of 5,000 eggs and ran their experiments for 60 days, with an average Rf on ‘Delores’ of 45 and on ‘Wife’ of 0.2. Several other factors prevent a close comparison of the two protocols. The two nematode isolates could have differing virulence on hemp and
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EAA3FFF5FFA3DBF2F9DBFF6D8E53" box="[151,228,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">a priori</emphasis>
|
||
knowledge of a hemp cultivar’s susceptibility is necessarily unknown, making Rf comparisons difficult. Comparative and cooperative studies are needed to better understand the complexity of root-knot nematode–hemp interactions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |