223 lines
36 KiB
XML
223 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="901CFF4EFC216E668BF1AA5FC4D03498" ID-CLB-Dataset="32247" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4314.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0c51a8a-3803-4bab-bf2b-5f607902f0d1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="858378" ID-ZooBank="6758Dc40-4356-4Adc-9Bd6-456652Ea5162" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504183295007" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cumming, Jeffrey M." docDate="2017" docId="03E9879C8D28FFDE57E02D29FDE45840" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4314.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4314 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parathalassius dilatus Cumming 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFD0FFE48D3DFFC957772B75FFFA5D15" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Nearctic Parathalassius Mik (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae), with a review of the world fauna" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698467597910" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="336F36D1F94AC35EEE28C4254B7F3C5B">Revision of the Nearctic Parathalassius Mik (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Parathalassiinae), with a review of the world fauna</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96FF442C6B593616D986BDE56639B369">Cumming, Jeffrey M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DDA23A9CC9201EFA5BF187F2369F25DD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8011D9E87BE40641D32FC18CC2A0292C">
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<mods:date id="EFB62102418E3BF133B9413CFED4EA7B">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3638C086C1A73ECC4148F7C892CE8805">2017-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B4B260914B8500A9160126E0561609E7">4314</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CD4C492BE6EEC9620D2B6ABE649D32D0" type="CLB-Dataset">32247</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="75C0ECD1569C8386ACEE26971901D482" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4314.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4DFE34907DC31A99F909BC59B5C868A2" type="GBIF-Dataset">e0c51a8a-3803-4bab-bf2b-5f607902f0d1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="29C61952F44370F45537564DA6CB9138" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9F0AC2F6FB7DAD6ED5EF376380E53760" type="Zenodo-Dep">858378</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E9879C8D28FFDE57E02D29FDE45840" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022484" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133100293" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022484" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9879C8D28FFDE57E02D29FDE45840" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9879C8D28FFDE57E02D29FDE45840" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C35A65018D28FFDC57E02D29FDCA5B82" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D28FFDC57E02D29FDF25B63" blockId="21.[151,560,1628,1687]" box="[151,520,1628,1654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0B781E68D28FFDC57E02D29FDF25B63" bold="true" box="[151,520,1628,1654]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D28FFDC57E02D29FDF25B63" bold="true" box="[151,520,1628,1654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D28FFDC57E02D29FE585B63" ID-CoL="8D7B2" authority="Cumming, 2017" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,418,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D28FFDC57E02D29FE585B63" bold="true" box="[151,418,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parathalassius dilatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757E38D28FFDC56DD2D29FDF25B63" box="[426,520,1628,1654]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D28FFDC57E02D0BFDCA5B82" blockId="21.[151,560,1628,1687]" box="[151,560,1662,1687]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D28FFDC57E82D0BFEDA5B82" box="[159,288,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,824,847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,804]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,804]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 49. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov., partial and full habitus photographs, male holotype. 48. Head and anterior portion of thorax, lateral view. 49. Body, anterolateral view. Abbreviation: tsm 1 — tarsomere 1 (foreleg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858394/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 48–49</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D28FFDC565C2D0BFEB35B82" box="[299,329,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 94" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,197,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 94. Left ventral epandrial processes of Nearctic Parathalassius, lateral view (unless otherwise noted). 80. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 81. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 82. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 83. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 84. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 85. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. 86. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 87. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 88. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 89. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 90. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., ventrolateral view. 91. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 92. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 93. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 94. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858408/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">85</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D28FFDC56222D0AFE405B82" box="[341,442,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 95 – 102" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1595,1618]" captionTargetBox="[180,1403,218,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[166,1420,193,1574]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 95 – 102. Phallus of Nearctic Parathalassius species. 95. Parathalassius abela sp. nov., entire phallus, left lateral view. 96. Parathalassius abela sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. 97. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., distal portion, left lateral view. 98. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. 99. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, distal portion, left lateral view. 100. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, distal portion, posterior view. 101. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov., distal portion, left lateral view. 102. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. Abbreviations: ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; v spur—ventral spur-like projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858410/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">101–102</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D28FFDC56B22D0BFE0B5B82" box="[453,497,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 121 – 126" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1695,1718]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,209,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,193,1675]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 121 – 126. Male cerci of Nearctic Parathalassius, dorsal view. 121. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 122. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 123. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 124. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 125. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 126. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. Abbreviation: hyprct—hypoproct. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858418/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">126</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D28FFDC56892D0BFDD35B82" box="[510,553,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 145 – 147" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,852,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,841,1860]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 145 – 147. Known geographical distributions of Nearctic Parathalassius. 145. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. 146. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 147. Parathalassius melanderi Cole." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858428/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">145</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A65018D28FFDC57E02DB3FED45A86" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D28FFDC57E02DB3FED45A86" blockId="21.[151,1436,1734,2011]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D28FFDC57E02DB3FE0B5BCA" bold="true" box="[151,497,1734,1759]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type material. HOLOTYPE</emphasis>
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♂ from Naples [ca. 33°45′07″N 118°08′00″W], Los Angeles County, California, labelled: “Naples/ Cal/
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<date id="FFFE104A8D28FFDC56EA2D9EFE035A16" box="[413,505,1771,1795]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1918-04-07">IV-7-18</date>
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”; “C.W. Johnson/ Collection”; “
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D28FFDC54152D9FFBF05A16" box="[866,1034,1770,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D28FFDC54152D9FFBF05A16" box="[866,1034,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parathalassius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ n.sp. [handwritten on both sides]”; “
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D28FFDC57D42C7BFEB15A32" box="[163,331,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D28FFDC57D42C7BFEB15A32" box="[163,331,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parathalassius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D28FFDC562D2C7BFE365A32" authorityName="Cole. A" authorityYear="1912" box="[346,460,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanderi">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D28FFDC562D2C7BFE365A32" box="[346,460,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">melanderi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Cole/ det WJ Turner 1978”; “MCZ-ENT [barcode symbol] 0 0 529580 [printed on both sides]” “HOLOTYPE/
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D28FFDC56D32C47FD5E5A5E" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[420,676,1842,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatus">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D28FFDC56D32C47FD5E5A5E" box="[420,676,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parathalassius dilatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Brooks & Cumming [red label]” (MCZ).
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D28FFDC53C62C47FEE15A7A" bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">PARATYPE: USA: California:</emphasis>
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Los Angeles County, El Segundo Dunes [ca. 33°55′N 118°26′W],
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<date id="FFFE104A8D28FFDC53522C23FB5E5A7A" box="[1061,1188,1878,1903]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1986-04-29">29.IV.1986</date>
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, UCRC ENT 461755 (1♂, UCRC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A65018D28FFDC57B02CEBFB7F5ACE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D28FFDC57B02CEBFB7F5ACE" blockId="21.[151,1436,1734,2011]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D28FFDC57B02CEBFEBB5AA2" bold="true" box="[199,321,1950,1975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This relatively small distinctive species is characterized by a male with foretarsomeres 1–2 dilated, longer lower male ommatrichia, 2 notopleural bristles, and wing that is apically infuscate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF3F66028D2BFFDF57E0284DFB405E78" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858394/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[151,1436,193,804]" targetPageId="22">
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<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D2BFFDF57E0284DFB405E78" blockId="22.[151,1436,824,877]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF57E0284DFEAF5E5B" bold="true" box="[151,341,824,847]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURES 48–49.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D2BFFDF562C284CFDC55E5A" authority="Cumming, 2017" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[347,575,825,847]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF562C284CFDC55E5A" box="[347,575,825,847]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Parathalassius dilatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757E38D2BFFDF5530284CFD625E5B" box="[583,664,825,846]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF5530284CFD625E5B" bold="true" box="[583,664,825,846]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, partial and full habitus photographs, male holotype.
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF53C9284CFB245E5B" bold="true" box="[1214,1246,825,846]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">48.</emphasis>
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Head and anterior portion of thorax, lateral view.
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF56A62822FE0B5E79" bold="true" box="[465,497,855,876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">49.</emphasis>
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Body, anterolateral view. Abbreviation: tsm 1—tarsomere 1 (foreleg).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C35A65018D2BFFDE57B028EFFE5E5E48" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D2BFFDE57B028EFFB425E22" blockId="22.[151,1437,922,2027]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,1365]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF57B028EFFE5B5EA6" bold="true" box="[199,417,922,947]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description. Male</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D2BFFDF56C228EFFDC45EA6" box="[437,574,922,947]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,824,847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,804]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,804]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 49. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov., partial and full habitus photographs, male holotype. 48. Head and anterior portion of thorax, lateral view. 49. Body, anterolateral view. Abbreviation: tsm 1 — tarsomere 1 (foreleg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858394/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 48–49</figureCitation>
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): Body length
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<quantity id="4CB89B6F8D2BFFDF558728EEFCB75EA7" box="[752,845,923,947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
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, wing length
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<quantity id="4CB89B6F8D2BFFDF548328EEFBA85EA7" box="[1012,1106,923,947]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
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. Dark brown ground colour covered mostly with dense greyish-white pruinosity. Setae of body and legs white.
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<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF533328CBFB7E5EC2" bold="true" box="[1092,1156,958,983]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D2BFFDF53E428CBFAE25EC2" box="[1171,1304,958,983]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,824,847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,804]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,804]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 49. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov., partial and full habitus photographs, male holotype. 48. Head and anterior portion of thorax, lateral view. 49. Body, anterolateral view. Abbreviation: tsm 1 — tarsomere 1 (foreleg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858394/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 48–49</figureCitation>
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): Eyes with ommatrichia of lower third distinctly longer and slightly flattened, forming dense reflective mat of whitish coloured hair. Face and clypeus concolourous with greyish-white frons and vertex. Face narrowest at middle. Gena and postgena with long white setae, forming distinct beard flanking mouthparts. Antenna (
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<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D2BFFDF53F12F5FFB2D5956" box="[1158,1239,1066,1091]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,824,847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,804]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,804]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 49. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov., partial and full habitus photographs, male holotype. 48. Head and anterior portion of thorax, lateral view. 49. Body, anterolateral view. Abbreviation: tsm 1 — tarsomere 1 (foreleg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858394/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
) including aristalike stylus, dark brown; postpedicel subtriangular, 1.5X longer than wide; arista-like stylus of medium length, about 1.5X length of postpedicel. Palpus with dense brush of 10–12 setae on outer surface of apical half.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF524D2F07FA66599E" bold="true" box="[1338,1436,1138,1163]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Thorax:</emphasis>
|
||
Acrostichal setulae biserial; 7 dorsocentral bristles, 0 presutural intra-alar bristles, 1 presutural supra-alar (posthumeral) bristle, 3 postsutural supra-alar bristles, 2 notopleural bristles. Scutellum with 2 pairs of bristles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF57E02FABFF2259E2" bold="true" box="[151,216,1246,1271]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF57972FABFECD59E2" box="[224,311,1246,1271]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Foreleg</emphasis>
|
||
: Dark grey to brownish grey, pale at knee and apex of tibia, tarsomeres 1–2 pale yellowish-brown, tarsomeres 3–5 pale brown to dark brown (darker apically). Coxa with moderately long stout pale setae, densely covering anterior surface. Femur with moderately long setae on posterior surface. Tibia with short setae and setulae. Tarsus with setulae, tarsomeres 2–4 each with dark stout apicoventral seta (stoutest on tarsomere 2); tarsomere 1 dilated, distinctly thicker than tarsomeres 3–5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D2BFFDF54352E1BFC325892" box="[834,968,1390,1415]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,824,847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,804]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,804]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 49. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov., partial and full habitus photographs, male holotype. 48. Head and anterior portion of thorax, lateral view. 49. Body, anterolateral view. Abbreviation: tsm 1 — tarsomere 1 (foreleg)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858394/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 48–49</figureCitation>
|
||
); tarsomere 2 slightly expanded.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF52322E1BFA6E5892" box="[1349,1428,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Midleg</emphasis>
|
||
: Dark grey, pale at knee and apex of tibia, tarsomeres 1–2 pale yellowish-brown, tarsomeres 3–5 pale brown to dark brown, darker apically. Femur with anterodorsal setae most prominent, short to moderately long. Tibia with 1 apicoventral bristle. Tarsomeres 1–4 each with a few dark spine-like apicoventral setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF53042EAFFB3758E6" box="[1139,1229,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hindleg</emphasis>
|
||
: Dark grey, femur dark brown posteriorly, pale at knee and extreme apex of tibia, tarsomere 1 and base of tarsomere 2 pale yellowishbrown, apex of tarsomere 2 and tarsomeres 3–5 brown to dark brown, darker apically. Femur with anteroventral row of setae most prominent, short or absent basally, longer apically. Tibia clothed with short setae. Tarsus longer than tibia with short setae and setulae; tarsomere 1 long, but shorter than combined length of tarsomeres 2–4; tarsomeres 1–4 lacking peg-like or thickened setae dorsally; tarsomere 2 long, longer than tarsomere 3; tarsomere 3 long, longer than tarsomere 4; tarsomere 4 slightly longer than tarsomere 5.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF54862DC7FBC85BDE" bold="true" box="[1009,1074,1714,1739]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D2BFFDF53102DC7FB415BDE" box="[1127,1211,1714,1739]" captionStart="FIGURES 56 – 67" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1806,1829]" captionTargetBox="[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[170,1414,185,1765]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 56 – 67. Wings of Nearctic Parathalassius. 56. Parathalassius abela sp. nov., male. 57. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov., male. 58. Parathalassius candidatus Melander, male. 59. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov., male. 60. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, male. 61. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, female. 62. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., male. 63. Parathalassius midas sp. nov., female. 64. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., male. 65. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., male. 66. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov., male. 67. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov., male. Abbreviations: bm-m—basal medial crossvein; cuaanterior cubital (= anal) cell; CuA—anterior branch of cubital vein; CuP—posterior branch of cubital vein; dm—discal medial cell; dm-m—discal medial crossvein; h—humeral crossvein; M 1, M 2, M 4 — medial veins; R 1, R 2 + 3, R 4 + 5 — radial veins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858398/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
): Infuscate apically, hyaline basally, with yellowish veins basally and dark brown veins apically. Cell dm produced apically (dm-m crossvein with aberrant stub vein on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB88288D2BFFDF55402D8FFD645A06" box="[567,670,1786,1811]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Vein CuA+CuP short, straight.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF53652D8FFB6A5A06" bold="true" box="[1042,1168,1786,1811]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Tergites 2–4 with setae well-developed. Sternite 5 without projecting pregenitalic process, posterior edge of sternite deeply emarginate. Sternite 8 subquadrate with setae longer along posterolateral margins.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2BFFDF54D32C36FBC95A4F" box="[932,1075,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hypopygium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D2BFFDF53352C37FB625A4E" box="[1090,1176,1858,1883]" captionStart="FIGURES 80 – 94" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[183,1424,197,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1781]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 80 – 94. Left ventral epandrial processes of Nearctic Parathalassius, lateral view (unless otherwise noted). 80. Parathalassius abela sp. nov. 81. Parathalassius candidatus Melander. 82. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov. 83. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 84. Parathalassius susanae sp. nov. 85. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. 86. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 87. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 88. Parathalassius midas sp. nov. 89. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 90. Parathalassius socali sp. nov., ventrolateral view. 91. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 92. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 93. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 94. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858408/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 85</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D2BFFDF53D42C36FAF25A4E" box="[1187,1288,1859,1883]" captionStart="FIGURES 95 – 102" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1595,1618]" captionTargetBox="[180,1403,218,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[166,1420,193,1574]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 95 – 102. Phallus of Nearctic Parathalassius species. 95. Parathalassius abela sp. nov., entire phallus, left lateral view. 96. Parathalassius abela sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. 97. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., distal portion, left lateral view. 98. Parathalassius sinclairi sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. 99. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, distal portion, left lateral view. 100. Parathalassius melanderi Cole, distal portion, posterior view. 101. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov., distal portion, left lateral view. 102. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov., distal portion, posterior view. Abbreviations: ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; v spur—ventral spur-like projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858410/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">101–102</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D2BFFDF52642C37FAB85A4E" box="[1299,1346,1858,1883]" captionStart="FIGURES 121 – 126" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1695,1718]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,209,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1436,193,1675]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 121 – 126. Male cerci of Nearctic Parathalassius, dorsal view. 121. Parathalassius aldrichi Melander. 122. Parathalassius wheeleri sp. nov. 123. Parathalassius socali sp. nov. 124. Parathalassius uniformus sp. nov. 125. Parathalassius melanderi Cole. 126. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. Abbreviation: hyprct—hypoproct. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858418/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">126</figureCitation>
|
||
): Large. Left epandrial lamella with ventral portion elongate (about
|
||
<date id="FFFE104A8D2BFFDF54582C12FCAB5A6A" box="[815,849,1895,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2X</date>
|
||
longer than high); ventral epandrial process broadly bifurcate, dorsal arm elongate and strongly hooked ventrally, more or less evenly slender basally with apex slightly expanded, ventral arm thick with minute apicodorsal seta and minute distiventral seta, apex with expanded lamelliform concavity. Dorsal lobe of left surstylus subtriangular, with basiventral edge broadly rounded, apex pointed, with long basidorsal seta, short lateral seta and long apical seta, medial surface with knob-like projection bearing lamelliform apical process. Ventral lobe of left surstylus shallowly bilobate in lateral view, dorsal lobe short with apex rounded, ventral lobe with rounded base bearing short lateral seta and complex upturned bifurcate projection arising medioventrally. Right epandrial lamella with ventral epandrial process very short and broad; basal portion of epandrial lamella narrowed and dorsally curved, with deep dorsal emargination bordering ventral margin of right cercus. Dorsal lobe of right surstylus with 3 lateral setae (lowermost seta weaker), apex rounded bearing thick apically-frayed prensiseta on medial surface. Ventral lobe of right surstylus recurved at base with lateral seta near middle, with elongate finely-tipped process proximal to narrow apex. Hypandrium very large, elongate-reniform with convex anterior and posterior ends extending to or beyond margins of epandrial lamellae in lateral view, bare. Left postgonite lobe ovoid basally, constricted near middle, distal portion subrectangular and flat without claw-like apical process, base of lobe with broad curved apically-pointed medial projection. Right postgonite lobe with broad lateral protuberance pointed at apical margin and lamelliform medial projection, apex bifurcate with short digitiform process and rounded lamelliform process. Phallus relatively short and moderately curved, gradually tapering distally, apex straight. Ejaculatory apodeme broadly subtriangular. Hypoproct projected dorsally as pair of subtriangular lobes, each lobe with 3 preapical ventral setae, left lobe with piliferous flange lateral to lower seta. Cerci with anal setae well-developed and differentiated from surrounding hairs; right cercus much larger than left cercus with basal portion distended and rounded laterally, apex weakly deflected dorsally, truncate with pair of setae along apicolateral margin; left cercus oblong-subrectangular in dorsal view, apex even with apex of right cercus, weakly deflected dorsally, broadly truncate with pair of apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D2AFFDE57B02831FE5E5E48" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1365]" box="[199,420,836,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2AFFDE57B02831FEDD5E48" bold="true" box="[199,295,836,861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D2AFFDE57B02812FD745EDD" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D2AFFDE57B02812FD745EDD" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2AFFDE57B02812FD645E95" bold="true" box="[199,670,871,896]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution and seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D2AFFDE55DB2812FC545E95" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[684,942,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2AFFDE55DB2812FC545E95" box="[684,942,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parathalassius dilatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known only from two male specimens collected from El Segundo Dunes and adjacent Long Beach (Naples) in Los Angeles County in southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F8688D2AFFDE57E028DAFEF35EDD" box="[151,265,943,968]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see Remarks) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A0F8D2AFFDE56B728DAFDE55EDD" box="[448,543,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 145 – 147" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,852,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[151,1436,841,1860]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 145 – 147. Known geographical distributions of Nearctic Parathalassius. 145. Parathalassius dilatus sp. nov. 146. Parathalassius infuscatus sp. nov. 147. Parathalassius melanderi Cole." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/858428/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
|
||
) in April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D2AFFDE57B028A1FB4F5EF8" box="[199,1205,980,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D2AFFDE57B028A1FB4F5EF8" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1365]" box="[199,1205,980,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2AFFDE57B028A1FEB45EF8" bold="true" box="[199,334,980,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name refers to the expanded tarsomeres 1–2 of the male foreleg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A65018D2AFFDE57B02882FDE45840" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF368A8D2AFFDE57B02882FDE45840" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2AFFDE57B02882FEC15905" bold="true" box="[199,315,1015,1040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The most recent specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB88288D2AFFDE550D288DFD245905" box="[634,734,1016,1040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
) of this species was collected by R. Mattoni and R. Rogers in 1986 during a survey of the El Segundo dune reserve located along the western edge of the Los Angeles International Airport. This approximately 80 hectare reserve is the largest remaining habitat in the historical coastal El Segundo dune system in southwestern Los Angeles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B7B8D2AFFDE54532F11FC3F5969" author="Mattoni" box="[804,965,1124,1149]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Mattoni, R. A. (1990) Species diversity and habitat evaluation across the El Segundo sand dunes at LAX. Report to Airport Commission, Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, California, 153 pp." type="book" year="1990">Mattoni 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dune system supports several rare species of insects and plants, including the endangered El Segundo blue butterfly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D2AFFDE53112FF2FF0559D0" authority="(Shields)" authorityName="Shields" baseAuthorityName="Shields" baseAuthorityYear="1975" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Euphilotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="battoides" subSpecies="allyni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2AFFDE53112FF2FA6659B5" box="[1126,1436,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Euphilotes battoides allyni</emphasis>
|
||
(Shields)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the El Segundo giant flower-loving fly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D2AFFDE546F2FD9FA6259D0" authority="terminatus Cazier" authorityName="Cazier" box="[792,1432,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Mydidae" genus="Rhaphiomidas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="terminatus" subSpecies="terminatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2AFFDE546F2FD9FB4559D1" box="[792,1215,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rhaphiomidas terminatus terminatus</emphasis>
|
||
Cazier (Mydidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was until recently thought to be extinct (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B7B8D2AFFDE55DB2FA5FC3959FD" author="George" box="[684,963,1231,1256]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="George, J. N. & Mattoni, R. A. (2006) Rhaphiomidas terminatus terminatus Cazier, 1985 (Diptera: Mydidae): notes on the rediscovery and conservation biology of a presumed extinct species. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 82, 30 - 35." type="journal article" year="2006">George & Mattoni 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FB88288D2AFFDE537D2FBAFB9659FD" box="[1034,1132,1231,1256]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D2AFFDE53E42FA4FB0159FD" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[1171,1275,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2AFFDE53E42FA4FB5B59FD" box="[1171,1185,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2AFFDE53D82FBAFB0159FD" box="[1199,1275,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">dilatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected in 1918 from Naples, likely at nearby Long Beach, which abuts the southern edge of the El Segundo dune system.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D098D2AFFDE57E02E62FE6C5825" authorityName="Cumming" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,406,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Parathalassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EA988D2AFFDE57E02E62FE6C5825" box="[151,406,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Parathalassius dilatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably represents another rare species of fly that is restricted to the El Segundo and historically adjacent dune systems.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |