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<document id="5DF7A0302F71B846E183BFE37A12EB0D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186891" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5bdc771c-8ec3-4103-8ef1-deb0d69dda16" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186891" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461059032991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ward, Philip S. &amp; Brady, Seán G." docDate="2009" docId="734DA92F2771C5509FE2FE50FEFE679F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02063p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2063" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leptanilloides" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="8F74D1572777C5579F75FFF6FF886359" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of the ant genus Amyrmex Kusnezov (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and its transfer from Dolichoderinae to Leptanilloidinae" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698581747897" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="62443FA3EDF3E176EDF73E69560E5426">Rediscovery of the ant genus Amyrmex Kusnezov (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and its transfer from Dolichoderinae to Leptanilloidinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0ED19606C0F42772E912F416F78D93E1">Ward, Philip S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D46D8CE853CE6415EA52DC465060751">Brady, Seán G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C1FC3D7ACFC09FBCAD2A7832C854E9EE">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4A46A73CCAA09E81F76F8AB03B98DA0B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7F8EF9382F55FA8AB34808EED0BC68DD">2063</mods:number>
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<treatment id="734DA92F2771C5509FE2FE50FEFE679F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6219722" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119613715" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6219722" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:734DA92F2771C5509FE2FE50FEFE679F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/734DA92F2771C5509FE2FE50FEFE679F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection id="B3FE4BB22771C5519FE2FE50FCA762BE" box="[151,815,422,487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5519FE2FE50FECA6299" blockId="6.[151,1436,422,796]" box="[151,322,422,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="A013AF552771C5519FE2FE50FECA6299" bold="true" box="[151,322,422,448]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519FE2FE50FECA6299" ID-CoL="5CRS" box="[151,322,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519FE2FE50FECA6299" bold="true" box="[151,322,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Leptanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5519FB3FE3BFCA762BE" blockId="6.[151,1436,422,796]" box="[198,815,461,487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Variable body size, HW ~0.40–0.64, LHT 0.40–0.72</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B3FE4BB22771C5509FB0FE02FEFE679F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5519FB0FE02FE27616D" blockId="6.[151,1436,422,796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Scape disproportionately longer: SI 0.37–0.41; scape more than twice the length of second antennal segment (SL/LA2 ~2.2)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5519FB0FDB7FD686102" blockId="6.[151,1436,422,796]" box="[197,736,577,603]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Legs disproportionately longer, LHT/HL ~1.5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5519FB0FD9EFDF861DB" blockId="6.[151,1436,422,796]" box="[197,624,616,642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Paramere large, ~1.5× petiole length</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5519FB0FD78FAF561F1" blockId="6.[151,1436,422,796]" box="[197,1405,654,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Veins M and Cu diverging distal to crossvein cu-a by a distance greater than the length of the crossvein</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5519FB0FD43FE7861AF" blockId="6.[151,1436,422,796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Submarginal cell less elongate: no more than three times longer than wide, shorter than the basal cell, and terminating at level of stigma</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5519FB0FCF4FD1F6045" blockId="6.[151,1436,422,796]" box="[197,663,770,796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Free M vein after Rs+M (may be weak)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5519FB3FCA6FB916663" blockId="6.[151,1437,848,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
However, in the UCDC collection there are several other male specimens that weaken these distinctions. First, there are seven additional leptanilloidine males—apparently representing two species—collected at Fazenda Rancho Grande, Rondônia,
<collectingCountry id="83F358A92771C5519D29FC6BFD2F60EE" box="[604,679,925,951]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
from the same series as
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519CAEFC6BFBC660EF" box="[987,1102,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519CAEFC6BFBC660EF" box="[987,1102,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Amyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
BR01 and
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519BAFFC6BFAC560EF" box="[1242,1357,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519BAFFC6BFAC560EF" box="[1242,1357,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Amyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
BR02 (
<date id="8F5A3EF92771C5519FEAFC32FE3E6087" box="[159,438,964,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" value="1991-11-12" valueMax="1991-11-22" valueMin="1991-11-12">12–22 November 1991</date>
, leg. E. M. Fisher) (CASENT0106187 to CASENT0106193). These are small (HW 0.22–0.38) and similar to
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519EB9FC1CFDB4675A" box="[460,572,1002,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519EB9FC1CFDB4675A" box="[460,572,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Amyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except that (1) the forewing submarginal cell is less elongate, shorter in length than the basal cell, and does not exceed the stigma; (2) the mandibles are elongate-linear and bowed (i.e., falcate); and (3) the parameres are broad and paddle-shaped, subequal in length to the petiole. Thus, from a single collection from this one rainforest site in Rondônia there are males representing at least four species of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519FC3FB73FEF167C6" box="[182,377,1157,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanilloidinae">Leptanilloidinae</taxonomicName>
, two of them conforming to the strict
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519C44FB73FC2867C7" box="[817,928,1157,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519C44FB73FC2867C7" box="[817,928,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Amyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
diagnosis (above) and two other
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519A51FB73FA1A67C7" box="[1316,1426,1157,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519A51FB73FA1A67C7" box="[1316,1426,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Amyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- like males. Second, a single male from Barro Colorado Island,
<collectingCountry id="83F358A92771C5519CD2FB5AFB80679F" box="[935,1032,1196,1222]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<date id="8F5A3EF92771C5519B6CFB5AFB3A679F" box="[1049,1202,1196,1222]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" value="1978-08-12">12.viii.1978</date>
, leg. R. B. &amp; L. S. Kimsey) (CASENT0106194) matches the
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519DF8FB25FD7467B5" box="[653,764,1235,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519DF8FB25FD7467B5" box="[653,764,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Amyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
description except that it is larger (HW 0.48, LHT 0.43) with disproportionately longer, falcate mandibles (ML/HW 0.52, ML/EL 1.33), and a short submarginal cell, not exceeding the stigma and approximately equal in length to the basal cell.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5519FB0FAB0FDC165BA" blockId="6.[151,1437,848,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
It is important to note that our concept of the male caste of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519C0FFAB1FBA96639" box="[890,1057,1351,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519C0FFAB1FBA96639" box="[890,1057,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Leptanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based on only two species,
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519AF1FAB1FDA866DE" authority="Longino (Ward 2007)" authorityName="Longino (Ward" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckennae">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519AF1FAB1FE9866DF" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">L. mckennae</emphasis>
Longino (
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82771C5519EFAFA9BFD9066DE" author="Ward" box="[399,536,1389,1415]" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Ward, P. S. (2007) The ant genus Leptanilloides: discovery of the male and evaluation of phylogenetic relationships based on DNA sequence data. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 80, 637 - 649." type="journal article" year="2007">Ward 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519D28FA9BFA9366DE" authority="Donoso, Vieira &amp; Wild (Donoso et al. 2006)" authorityName="Donoso, Vieira &amp; Wild (Donoso et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[605,1307,1389,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubecula">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519D28FA9BFD6666DF" box="[605,750,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">L. nubecula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82771C5519D83FA9BFA9366DE" box="[758,1307,1389,1415]" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Donoso, D. A., Vieira, J. M. &amp; Wild, A. L. (2006) Three new species of Leptanilloides Mann from Andean Ecuador (Formicidae: Leptanilloidinae). Zootaxa, 1201, 47 - 62." type="journal article">
Donoso, Vieira &amp; Wild (Donoso
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519BFEFA9BFB4166DF" box="[1163,1225,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
2006)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, both with relatively large workers (HW 0.54–0.64). The
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519D96FA62FC0966F4" box="[739,897,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckennae">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519D96FA62FC0966F4" box="[739,897,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">L. mckennae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males are also large (HW 0.59–0.64). The measurements given for the male of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519D31FA4DFD47668D" box="[580,719,1467,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubecula">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519D31FA4DFD47668D" box="[580,719,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">L. nubecula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggest a rather small male (HW 0.32, HL 0.32; see
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82771C5519A35FA4CFE9366A2" author="Donoso" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Donoso, D. A., Vieira, J. M. &amp; Wild, A. L. (2006) Three new species of Leptanilloides Mann from Andean Ecuador (Formicidae: Leptanilloidinae). Zootaxa, 1201, 47 - 62." type="journal article" year="2006">
Donoso
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519FE2FA17FF5C66A3" box="[151,212,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
) but these may be in error. Based on the scale bar in the illustration of the male (
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82771C5519B82FA17FF5D657B" author="Donoso" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Donoso, D. A., Vieira, J. M. &amp; Wild, A. L. (2006) Three new species of Leptanilloides Mann from Andean Ecuador (Formicidae: Leptanilloidinae). Zootaxa, 1201, 47 - 62." type="journal article" year="2006">
Donoso
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519A2AFA17FA1466A3" box="[1375,1436,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
, figure 25) HW should be about 0.37 and HL 0.29, and both of these values are unusually low in relation to the size of the workers (HW 0.54–0.56) and gyne (HW 0.74). In any event these two species do not adequately represent the spectrum of diversity within the genus. No males have been associated with workers of the smaller species of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519EB9F98AFDF365CC" box="[460,635,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519EB9F98AFDF365CC" box="[460,635,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Leptanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such as
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519D90F98AFC6F65CF" authority="Mann" authorityName="Mann" box="[741,999,1660,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biconstricta">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519D90F98AFC1165CC" box="[741,921,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">L. biconstricta</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="83F358A92771C5519CD4F98AFC6F65CF" box="[929,999,1660,1686]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Mann</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519B50F98AFE2365E5" authority="Brandao, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie. The" authorityName="Brandao, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie. The" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sculpturata">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519B50F98AFB5965CC" box="[1061,1233,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">L. sculpturata</emphasis>
Brandão, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie. The
</taxonomicName>
leptanilloidine males from Rondônia and
<collectingCountry id="83F358A92771C5519CD9F954FB8365E5" box="[940,1035,1698,1724]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Panama</collectingCountry>
with short submarginal cells and falcate mandibles might belong here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392771C5509FB0F906FE99622A" blockId="6.[151,1437,848,2034]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,1222]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
A further complication is that neither males nor DNA sequence data are available for the other workerbased leptanilloidine genus
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519E89F8E1FA806469" authority="Brandao, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie (1999)" authorityName="Brandao, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie" authorityYear="1999" box="[508,1288,1814,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519E89F8E1FD616469" box="[508,745,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Asphinctanilloides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82771C5519D86F8E0FA806469" box="[755,1288,1814,1840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Brandao, C. R. F., Diniz, J. L. M., Agosti, D. &amp; Delabie, J. H. (1999) Revision of the Neotropical ant subfamily Leptanilloidinae. Systematic Entomology, 24, 17 - 36." type="journal article">Brandão, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie (1999)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which was recovered as sister to
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519EEEF8CBFDCD640F" box="[411,581,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519EEEF8CBFDCD640F" box="[411,581,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Leptanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in morphological phylogenetic analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82771C5519B43F8CBFAA0640E" author="Brandao" box="[1078,1320,1853,1879]" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Brandao, C. R. F., Diniz, J. L. M., Agosti, D. &amp; Delabie, J. H. (1999) Revision of the Neotropical ant subfamily Leptanilloidinae. Systematic Entomology, 24, 17 - 36." type="journal article" year="1999">
Brandão
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519BD1F8CBFB69640F" box="[1188,1249,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82771C5519A41F8CBFE936427" author="Brady" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Brady, S. G. &amp; Ward, P. S. (2005) Morphological phylogeny of army ants and other dorylomorphs (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 30, 593 - 618." type="journal article" year="2005">Brady &amp; Ward 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The three known species of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519D03F892FCD86424" box="[630,848,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519D03F892FCD86424" box="[630,848,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Asphinctanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are associated with lowland Amazon and Atlantic coastal rainforest, which contrasts with the predominantly Andean and Central American distribution of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519FE2F847FEB76493" box="[151,319,1969,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519FE2F847FEB76493" box="[151,319,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Leptanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus it seems quite possible that
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519DA6F847FCCA6493" box="[723,834,1969,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519DA6F847FCCA6493" box="[723,834,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Amyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, known currently from the Amazon basin of
<collectingCountry id="83F358A92771C5519A21F847FA146492" box="[1364,1436,1969,1995]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and from northern
<collectingCountry id="83F358A92771C5519E0DF82EFE7964AB" box="[376,497,2008,2034]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, represents a senior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2771C5519C0EF82EFBD064A8" box="[891,1112,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2771C5519C0EF82EFBD064A8" box="[891,1112,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Asphinctanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For this reason we refrain from describing any of the
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509EA7FF6EFDC863E8" box="[466,576,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509EA7FF6EFDC863E8" box="[466,576,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Amyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like males as new species since names may already be available for them (i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509FADFF49FC3E6381" authority="Brandao, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie" authorityName="Brandao, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie" box="[216,950,190,216]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anae">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509FADFF49FD8A6381" box="[216,514,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Asphinctanilloides anae</emphasis>
Brandão, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509CB6FF49FF7C63A6" authority="Brandao, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie" authorityName="Brandao, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazona">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509CB6FF49FBDC6381" box="[963,1108,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">A. amazona</emphasis>
Brandão, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509E5AFF13FCFE63A6" authority="Brandao, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie" authorityName="Brandao, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie" box="[303,886,229,255]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manauara">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509E5AFF13FE4463A7" box="[303,460,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">A. manauara</emphasis>
Brandão, Diniz, Agosti &amp; Delabie
</taxonomicName>
). Confirming this will require more extensive study. Since it may prove difficult to find worker-associated males of leptanilloidines in the field, DNA sequencing offers a reliable way of associating these disparate castes, if the material is sufficiently well preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392770C5509FB0FE76FECD6196" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1222]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509D57FE76FD7662C0" box="[546,766,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509D57FE76FD7662C0" box="[546,766,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Asphinctanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the workers were said to be distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509FE2FE51FECE6299" box="[151,326,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509FE2FE51FECE6299" box="[151,326,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Leptanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by several features including (1) presence of a metanotal groove, (2) reduced postpetiole, smaller than the petiole as seen in profile, and (3) abdominal segments 5 and 6 lacking differentiated presclerites and hence without constrictions between abdominal segments 4 and 5, and 5 and 6 (
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82770C5509B83FE02FF5E616D" author="Brandao" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Brandao, C. R. F., Diniz, J. L. M., Agosti, D. &amp; Delabie, J. H. (1999) Revision of the Neotropical ant subfamily Leptanilloidinae. Systematic Entomology, 24, 17 - 36." type="journal article" year="1999">
Brandão
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509A17FE02FA146154" box="[1378,1436,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
). With the subsequent discovery of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509D03FDECFC96616A" box="[630,798,538,563]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509D03FDECFC96616A" box="[630,798,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Leptanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species whose workers have a metanotal groove and a short postpetiole the first two characters have lost their diagnostic value (
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82770C5509C86FDB7FB166102" author="Longino" box="[1011,1182,577,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Longino, J. T. (2003). A new Costa Rican species of Leptanilloides (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: doryline section: Leptanilloidinae). Zootaxa, 264, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2003">Longino 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82770C5509BDEFDB7FA186102" author="Donoso" box="[1195,1424,577,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Donoso, D. A., Vieira, J. M. &amp; Wild, A. L. (2006) Three new species of Leptanilloides Mann from Andean Ecuador (Formicidae: Leptanilloidinae). Zootaxa, 1201, 47 - 62." type="journal article" year="2006">
Donoso
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509A78FDB7FAC16103" box="[1293,1353,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="9F7565C82770C5509FE2FD9EFE2061DB" box="[151,424,616,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Brandao, C. R. F., Diniz, J. L. M., Agosti, D. &amp; Delabie, J. H. (1999) Revision of the Neotropical ant subfamily Leptanilloidinae. Systematic Entomology, 24, 17 - 36." type="journal article">
Brandão
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509E7FFD9EFEC361D8" box="[266,331,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
(1999)
</bibRefCitation>
also documented differences in the sting apparatus between
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509BC4FD9EFAEE61D8" box="[1201,1382,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509BC4FD9EFAEE61D8" box="[1201,1382,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Leptanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509FE2FD79FE0361F1" box="[151,395,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509FE2FD79FE0361F1" box="[151,395,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Asphinctanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, and these have not been evaluated in the newly described species of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509FE2FD43FEB76197" box="[151,319,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509FE2FD43FEB76197" box="[151,319,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Leptanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392770C5509FB0FD2AFD006087" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1222]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
We examined two workers of
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509D35FD2AFC2C61AC" box="[576,932,732,757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazona">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509D35FD2AFC2C61AC" box="[576,932,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Asphinctanilloides amazona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="83F358A92770C5509CC0FD2AFBAF61AF" box="[949,1063,732,758]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
Amazonas:
<quantity id="3C1CB5DC2770C5509BB1FD2AFA8361AF" box="[1220,1291,732,758]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" unit="km" value="28.0">28km</quantity>
N Manaus,
<date id="8F5A3EF92770C5509FE2FCF4FE876045" box="[151,271,770,796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" value="1998-12-01">1.xii.1998</date>
, Berlese soil sample, leg. M. Verhaagh; CASENT0006016, CASENT0006815) (CASC) and found that in both workers abdominal segment 5 has a differentiated presclerite, and is separated from abdominal segment 4 by a weak constriction. No such constriction occurs between abdominal segments 5 and 6. Further assessment of the morphological differences between the two genera is warranted. (Attempts to extract DNA from
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509FAFFC6BFE3260EF" box="[218,442,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509FAFFC6BFE3260EF" box="[218,442,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Asphinctanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers belonging to this series were unsuccessful, apparently due to their initial collection into low concentration ethanol.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB5B18392770C5509FB0FC1CFEFE679F" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1222]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
Nevertheless, if a reduced worker postpetiole and an undifferentiated presclerite on abdominal segment 6 are derived features within
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509E91FBE7FD226772" box="[484,682,1041,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptanilloidinae">Leptanilloidinae</taxonomicName>
then it might still be possible to define
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509BE5FBE7FAF86773" box="[1168,1392,1041,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Asphinctanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509BE5FBE7FAF86773" box="[1168,1392,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Asphinctanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509FE2FBCEFE8E6708" box="[151,262,1080,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509FE2FBCEFE8E6708" box="[151,262,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Amyrmex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, if the two prove to be synonyms) in such a way that it is monophyletic, but this could also render
<taxonomicName id="3CE463BA2770C5509FE2FBA9FECC6721" box="[151,324,1119,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C990C42B2770C5509FE2FBA9FECC6721" box="[151,324,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Leptanilloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paraphyletic. These considerations, together with the discovery of a variable assortment of leptanilloidine males from scattered Neotropical localities, make the delimitation of genera in this group an ongoing challenge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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