254 lines
34 KiB
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254 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b54ccad1-dc60-4993-9787-82a6c09a9f46" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223480" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-75" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EF307E49761B508ABBCEE47D3C1E6852" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252229" ID-ZooBank="AC2CFE6D8CBB4A2C85510E1FA8EB9803" ModsDocID="1860-1324-66-1-75" checkinTime="1621372373381" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Qingqing & Zhang, Junfeng" docDate="2019" docId="0F20E3779FEF8BD977D5EC241474840C" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 66(1): 75-83" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1)" docPubDate="2019-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914" docTitle="Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al. 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="EF307E49761B508ABBCEE47D3C1E6852" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="EF307E49761B508ABBCEE47D3C1E6852" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of male and female eremochaetid flies in the late Cretaceous amber of Burma (Diptera, Brachycera, Eremochaetidae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="75" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1643454885427" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Contribution to the knowledge of male and female eremochaetid flies in the late Cretaceous amber of Burma (Diptera, Brachycera, Eremochaetidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Qingqing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China & State laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Junfeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jfzhang@nigpas.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2019-06-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number>66</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223480" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F20E3779FEF8BD977D5EC241474840C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F20E3779FEF8BD977D5EC241474840C" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName authority="Q. Zhang et al., 2016" authorityName="Q. Zhang et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Difference and similarity between two sets of ovipositors. Photomicrographs (lateral view), A Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after Grimaldi and Barden 2016, AMNH BuSD- 2) B Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after Q. Zhang et al. 2016, holotype BA 02 - 15001). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310288" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 3b</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Difference and similarity between four sets of ovipositors. Line drawings (lateral view), A Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh, 1867) (ovipositor extended, after Cumming and Wood 2009) B Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh, 1867) (ovipositor not extended, after Norrbom 2010) C Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 D Zhenia burmensis sp. nov. Scale bars: 1 mm (C, D). ac gl - accessory gland; acul - aculeus; cerc - cercus; cloac op - cloacal opening; ev mem - eversible membrane; ovscp - oviscape; sg - segment; spmth - spermatheca; st - sternite; tg - tergite; v rep - ventral receptacle." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310293" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 8C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Male flies with antennal pedicel subcylindrical; Rs deviating from R clearly distal to M fork; R2+3 meeting R1 just at C (i.e. cell r1 sessile); R4+5 simple; section C between R4+5 and M1 longer than section C between M1 and M2; M1 slightly arched upwards medially, ending behind apex of wing; M3 arched downwards medially; haltere with boot-like knob; abdominal second segment longest; basitarsus of hindleg as long as, or shorter than, tarsomeres II-V combined; genitalia with gonocoxite conical, gonostylus sickle-like, aedeagus relatively short, not reaching hind margin of gonocoxite.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Male. Body and legs brown (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1A, C</figureCitation>
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), covered with dense short hairs (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1D</figureCitation>
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). Head large, subovate. Eyes large, holoptic, occupying almost whole head (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1A, C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
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). Antenna thin and short; scape very small, spherical; pedicel elongated, subcylindrical, slightly wider apically than basally; flagellum ovate-oblong, narrower and shorter than pedicel; arista long, slightly longer than scape, pedicel and flagellum combined (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
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). Mouthparts with only boot-like labellum visible (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252247" doi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Q.Zhang et al., 2016" authorityName="Q.Zhang et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Zhenia xiai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A-C</emphasis>
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) and Confocal microscopic photographs (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">D, E</emphasis>
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), topotype NIGP170824, male
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
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habitus (right lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
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habitus (left lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
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antennae
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">D</emphasis>
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male genitalia (right lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">E</emphasis>
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male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A, C</emphasis>
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); 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B, D, E</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252249" doi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Q.Zhang et al., 2016" authorityName="Q.Zhang et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Zhenia xiai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP170824
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
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habitus (right lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
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male genitalia (left lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
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tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
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); 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B, C</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Thorax stout, thicker and longer than head. Scutum distinctly convex; scutellum rather small, triangular. Wing narrow and long, 3.2 times longer than wide, apex of wing round (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
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). Costal vein terminating at the wing apex; vein Sc short, ending nearly at level of end of distal cell; R1 long, straight; Rs deviating from R clearly distal to M fork, section of Rs stem nearly as long as section bR4 + 5; R2 + 3 almost straight, fused with R1 just at anterior margin of wing; cell r1 narrow and long, fusiform, with no petiole; section of R4 + 5 + M1 separating from anterior margin of cell d nearly at its end, forked distinctly distad to level of the apex of the discal cell, about 10 times longer than section bM2; M1 slightly arched medially, terminating clearly behind wing apex. M2 more or less arched downwards apically; M3 clearly arched downwards apically, M4 absent; cell d hexagonal, nearly 2.7 times longer than wide; m-m long, straight; bM3 short; m-cu long, nearly three times longer than bM3; cell br obviously longer than, but nearly as wide as, cell bm; cell cu (traditionally anal cell) closed with short petiole (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
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). Haltere thin and long, knob relatively large, boot-like (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
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). Forelegs and midlegs relatively thin and short but with pulvillus and empodium extremely elongated, which are very closely similar in length and in shape to those of hindleg; hindlegs relatively stout and long; coxa stout, obtuse-triangular; femur clavate, nearly as long as half of abdominal length; tibia subcylindrical, slightly shorter and obviously narrower than femur; tarsus very short, nearly one-third of length of tibia, basitarsus shorter than, or nearly as long as, tarsomeres II-V combined, ratio of tarsomeres 1.0:0.24:0.21:0.33:0.55, empodium similar in length and shape to pulvillus, narrowly phylliform in lateral view, less than one-half of length of tarsus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A, C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Abdomen thin and long, subcylindrical, nearly two times longer than head and thorax combined; eight segments visible; first very short, second longest, remainder gradually reduced in length terminally; ratio of segments 1.0:2.2:2.1:1.5:1.5:1.0:0.9:0.8; ninth segment forming male genitalia, nearly as long as eighth (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
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). Genitalia covered with thin and long hairs; gonocoxite stout and long, subconical, basally thicker than apically; gonostylus with dense hairs on outer margin but glabrous on inner margin, relatively small, sickle-like, sharp apically, strongly curved inwards; aedeagus (phallus) relatively short, not reaching hind margin of gonocoxite, simple (not forked apically), rounded apically (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1D, E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Dimensions.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Topotype NIGP170824, body length ca 7.8 mm; head length 1.0 mm; thorax length 1.5 mm; wing length 4.4 mm, width 1.4 mm; hindleg length 5.9 mm (coxa 0.5 mm, trochanter 0.2 mm, femur 2.3 mm, tibia 2.1 mm, tarsus 0.8 mm); abdomen length 5.3 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Myanmar amber, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian); Hukawng Valley, Kachin Province, Myanmar.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="76" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Q.Zhang et al., 2016" authorityName="Q.Zhang et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Zhenia xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was erected based on three female flies from Myanmar amber: the holotype BA02-15001 and two paratypes NIGP163430 and BA02-15003 (Q.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" author="Zhang, Q" journalOrPublisher="The Science of Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B29" refString="Zhang, Q, Zhang, J, Feng, Y, Zhang, H, Wang, B, 2016. An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism. The Science of Nature 103 (2): 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" title="An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" volume="103" year="2016">Zhang et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new male specimen from the same locality demonstrates many close similarities in body structures and wing venation to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Z." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is assigned to this species. The following characters are shared by the male and females: antennal pedicel elongate, subcylindrical, wider apically than basally; the second abdominal segment longest; basitarsus of hindleg shorter than (or nearly as long as) tarsomeres II-V combined; in wing venation, Rs deviating from R clearly distal to M fork; section C between R4+5 and M1 longer than section C between M1 and M2; M1arched upwards medially, ending behind apex of wing; M3 arched downwards medially (vs
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Z." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. burmensis" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. burmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. described below). The male differs from those females in that: cell r1 is sessile (vs with short petiole in female); and R4+5 is simple (vs forked apically in female). These differences might be sexually dimorphic or individual variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 29" refId="B5" refString="Grimaldi, DA, Barden, P, 2016. The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII. American Museum Novitates 3865: 1 - 29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" title="The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" volume="3865" year="2016">Grimaldi and Barden (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described another female fly (AMNH BuSD-2) from the same locality that was assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Z." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. xiai." order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. xiai.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Indeed, it demonstrates close similarities in body structures and wing venation to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Z." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs from the holotype of (BA02-15001) and the paratype (NIGP163430) of this species in that: antennal pedicel is conical, basally clearly thicker than apically (vs subcylindrical, apically thicker than basally); body is covered with dark brown markings dorsally on thorax and on abdominal tergites and sternites (vs no dark brown markings dorsally on thorax and on abdominal tergites and sternites except for the paratype BA02-15003); and the abdominal second to sixth segments are almost equal in length, with the third longest (vs the second longest); ovipositor is fringed with dense hairs ventrally (vs almost glabrous), and relatively shorter and stouter than that of the holotype (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Difference and similarity between two sets of ovipositors. Photomicrographs (lateral view), A Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after Grimaldi and Barden 2016, AMNH BuSD- 2) B Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after Q. Zhang et al. 2016, holotype BA 02 - 15001). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310288" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 29" refId="B5" refString="Grimaldi, DA, Barden, P, 2016. The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII. American Museum Novitates 3865: 1 - 29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" title="The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" volume="3865" year="2016">
|
||
Grimaldi and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barden’s">Barden's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
specimen is very closely similar to the female
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Z." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. burmensis" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. burmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Zhenia burmensis sp. nov. Photomicrographs, paratype NIGP 170826, female A habitus (lateral view) B antenna C wing D tarsus of hindleg E ovipositor (lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310291" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Zhenia burmensis sp. nov. Line drawings, paratype NIGP 170826, female A habitus (lateral view) B antenna C ovipositor (lateral view). Scale bar: 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310292" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
; see descriptions below). These differences indicate that this fly (AMNH BuSD-2) may not be a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Z." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is most likely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Z." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. burmensis" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. burmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Owing to the same markings on abdominal tergites and sternites, and the almost equal abdominal second to sixth segments in length (Q.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" author="Zhang, Q" journalOrPublisher="The Science of Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B29" refString="Zhang, Q, Zhang, J, Feng, Y, Zhang, H, Wang, B, 2016. An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism. The Science of Nature 103 (2): 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" title="An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" volume="103" year="2016">Zhang et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3, fig. 1C), the paratype (BA02-15003) may be closely related to the specimen AMNH BuSD-2 rather than to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Z." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BA02-15001 and NIGP163430). Unfortunately, it is a poorly preserved specimen, and many taxonomic characteristics are indistinct. Therefore, the placement of the female specimens BA02-15003 and AMNH BuSD-2 is debatable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252251" doi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310288" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Difference and similarity between two sets of ovipositors. Photomicrographs (lateral view),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Q.Zhang et al., 2016" authorityName="Q.Zhang et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Zhenia xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 29" refId="B5" refString="Grimaldi, DA, Barden, P, 2016. The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII. American Museum Novitates 3865: 1 - 29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" title="The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" volume="3865" year="2016">Grimaldi and Barden 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, AMNH BuSD-2)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Q.Zhang et al., 2016" authorityName="Q.Zhang et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Zhenia xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after Q.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" author="Zhang, Q" journalOrPublisher="The Science of Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B29" refString="Zhang, Q, Zhang, J, Feng, Y, Zhang, H, Wang, B, 2016. An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism. The Science of Nature 103 (2): 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" title="An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" volume="103" year="2016">Zhang et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, holotype BA02-15001). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |