179 lines
14 KiB
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179 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4803" ID-GBIF-Dataset="00ef0df6-46b9-4928-b16a-ccab53206586" ID-PMC="PMC3677362" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-283-15" ID-PubMed="23794840" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-283-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 283" ModsDocTitle="New taxa and revisionary systematics of alcyonacean octocorals from the Pacific coast of North America (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)" checkinTime="1451247475901" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Williams, Gary C." docDate="2013" docId="D5656F367DE62E44E5AD7ABD093E8522" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 283: 15-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 283" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4803" docTitle="Cryptophyton jedsmithi Williams, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="CF03FFD9FFFAD159457A315EFF85255D" masterDocTitle="New taxa and revisionary systematics of alcyonacean octocorals from the Pacific coast of North America (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1668155570686" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New taxa and revisionary systematics of alcyonacean octocorals from the Pacific coast of North America (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Williams, Gary C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>283</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>15</mods:start>
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<mods:end>42</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4803</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4803</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-283-15</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042189" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:482B9A4A-2E2E-4A4A-A319-5CC211242B45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5656F367DE62E44E5AD7ABD093E8522" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:482B9A4A-2E2E-4A4A-A319-5CC211242B45" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton jedsmithi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jedsmithi">Cryptophyton jedsmithi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="16">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 1-4, 19
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="species diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Species diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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Stolons ribbon-like to somewhat broadened in some areas. Anthosteles hemispherical, arise directly from basal stolons, elevated stolonic bars or
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="17" start="start">transverse</pageBreakToken>
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platforms absent. Anthocodial armature absent. Sclerites of stolons and anthosteles 0.06-0.10 mm in diameter, mostly spiny balls or stellate bodies with projecting processes in three dimensions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="18" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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Holotype. CAS 177194. North America, U.S.A., California, San Diego County, San Diego, Point Loma,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.7">32°42'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-117.255554">117°15'20"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 12 February 2006, collector: Jeff Goddard, one specimen wet-preserved in 95% ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="habitat and distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Habitat and distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="18">(Figure 19): Under a boulder in the low rocky intertidal zone at the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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The species is named for Jedediah Strong Smith, American trailblazer and cartographer, who explored vast regions of western North America between 1822 and 1831, and along the Pacific Coast, including San Diego in December of 1826 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Brooks, GR" journalOrPublisher="The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California" pageId="20" pageNumber="35" title="The southwest expedition of Jedediah S. Smith, his personal account of the journey to California, 1826 - 1827. Western Frontiersman Series 18." year="1977">Brooks 1977</bibRefCitation>
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) - the area of the type locality of the new species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Colonial morphology (Figures 1A, 2). The holotype consists of approximately eighty-five polyps arising from flattened basal stolons. The stolons encrust a piece of dead cheilostomatid bryozoan, 32 mm long by 20 mm wide. The surface of the bryozoan is interspersed with several calcareous tubes of a serpulid polychaete.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
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Polyps (Figures 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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). Anthosteles are moundlike, rounded, hemispherical to subcylindrical. Anthocodiae are mostly retracted within the anthosteles, although a
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="19" start="start">few</pageBreakToken>
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are emergent. The anthosteles are approximately equal in height and diameter, mostly 1-1.4 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
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Sclerites (Figures 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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, 3, 4). Sclerites of the coenencyme and anthosteles resemble spiny balls or stellate bodies with projecting processes in three dimensions; 0.05 - 0.10 mm long. Sclerites are absent from the anthocodiae and polyp bodies.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="20" start="start">Color</pageBreakToken>
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(Figures 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Color in life: the anthosteles are pale orange and the anthocodiae are white. Wet-preserved holotype: stolons and anthosteles light grayish white, while the emergent anthocodiae are white.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="21" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
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1.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton jedsmithi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jedsmithi">Cryptophyton jedsmithi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Wet preserved holotype (CAS 177194); scale bar = 10 mm.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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Living holotype, details of polyps; photos courtesy of Jeff Goddard; scale bar for both = 1.5 mm.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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Light micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites; scale bar for both = 0.10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton jedsmithi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jedsmithi">Cryptophyton jedsmithi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A portion of the holotype, showing arrangement of nine polyps on a membranous stolon; scale bar = 3.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Two species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Cryptophyton</taxonomicName>
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are known,
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton goddardi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="goddardi">Cryptophyton goddardi</taxonomicName>
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Williams, 2000 and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton jedsmithi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jedsmithi">Cryptophyton jedsmithi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. The two species differ in sclerite shape. Those of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton goddardi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="goddardi">Cryptophyton goddardi</taxonomicName>
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are irregularly-shaped radiates, tuberculated rods, and shuttles (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Williams 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 337), while those of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton jedsmithi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jedsmithi">Cryptophyton jedsmithi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. mostly resemble spiny balls or stellate bodies (Figures 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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, 3-4).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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The geographic range of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton goddardi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="goddardi">Cryptophyton goddardi</taxonomicName>
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was originally known only from the type locality of central Oregon on the Pacific Coast of the United States, but has recently been extended southwards to southern California, and has been collected at seven locations (Figure 19), while
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton jedsmithi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jedsmithi">Cryptophyton jedsmithi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is known only from the type locality - San Diego, California (Figure 19).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton jedsmithi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jedsmithi">Cryptophyton jedsmithi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype. Scale bar = 0.03 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton jedsmithi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jedsmithi">Cryptophyton jedsmithi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype; scale bar = 0.03 mm. Lower right, ultrastructural detail from center of the sclerite to the adjacent left; scale bar = 0.01mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="key to the species of cryptophyton">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Key to the species of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Cryptophyton</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<table pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton goddardi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="goddardi">Cryptophyton goddardi</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Cryptophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptophyton jedsmithi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jedsmithi">Cryptophyton jedsmithi</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |