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<mods:title id="7BD40D58E796A44E4AE643C1DDFA0A92">Further records of the deep-sea pandalid shrimp Heterocarpuschani Li, 2006 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) from southern India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C797C04C74585D9A14ED41A811D49B86">Yang, Chien-Hui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3853D985BA227A375A4D2992F0EB7180">Kumar, Appukuttannair Biju</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="C28E377E320D44289AF56B85A8E485FC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132648933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C28E377E320D44289AF56B85A8E485FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C28E377E320D44289AF56B85A8E485FC" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<subSubSection id="C531278DFC9EC748D44644D36C1BEFF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B894FCFD6B9AC8DC2220CF01D8AAE63" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="5AD94419C4F1815F0345BC7D1DADAC50" authority="Li, 2006" authorityName="Li" authorityYear="2006" class="Malacostraca" family="Caridea" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus chani" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chani">Heterocarpus chani Li, 2006</taxonomicName>
Figs 1, 2, 3
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCA9EC72CF0DD993C62F42FE9AA35BF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="01EC40B55EECF163DB8CFEDEC47F4552" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="2FA3E027FFE77EAF303D93A6990033D3" class="Malacostraca" family="Caridea" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus chani" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chani">Heterocarpus chani</taxonomicName>
Li, 2006: 362, figs 1-4 (type locality: Philippines).-
<bibRefCitation id="D8E438C71225307B43D84B86A73E69D3" author="Yang, CH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="206 - 220" title="Two new species of the &quot; Heterocarpusgibbosus Bate, 1888 &quot; species group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the western Pacific and north-western Australia." volume="2372" year="2010">Yang et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 207, fig. 5E.-
<bibRefCitation id="4A75F3BF916A7B4853252ED06754EFF0" author="De Grave, S" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="195 - 589" title="Carideorum Catalogus: The recent species of the dendrobranchiate, stenopodidean, procarididean and caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda)." volume="85" year="2011">De Grave and Fransen 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 442.-
<bibRefCitation id="0303F5073DEE88999600B9F53AA127D0" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="129 - 154" title="Pandalid shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected from the Philippines PANGLAO 2005 deep-sea expedition" volumeTitle="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos" year="2013">Li and Chan 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 133, fig. 1B.-
<bibRefCitation id="6F89BB42ED72786DF02A0637A3A14817" author="Kuberan, G" journalOrPublisher="Marine Fisheries Information Service; Technical and Extension Series" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination=": 27" title="A new record of deep-sea caridean shrimp Heterocarpuschani (Decapoda: Pandalidae) from southern coast of India" volume="226" year="2015">Kuberan et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 27, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06C2306EB18CA72D66271C5808C2C006" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
(?)
<taxonomicName id="C26AC6914DA8FF84FB0E052B06109956" class="Malacostraca" family="Caridea" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus gibbosus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">Heterocarpus gibbosus</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="7F2FD6083B5C907CEBA8C2F79B52B78E" author="George, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings Symposium on Crustacea, Part" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="327 - 336" title="On some Decapod Crustaceans from the south-west coast of India." volume="1" volumeTitle="No. 2." year="1967">George and Rao 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 331.-Suseelan 1974: 50, fig. 2-
<taxonomicName id="07075D4047CF61ED57C4BC32F150BFDE" class="Malacostraca" family="Caridea" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus gibbosus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">Heterocarpus gibbosus</taxonomicName>
. (non Spence Bate, 1888)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFD7195EBDB9AB5BFD947BBA5FA139C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
(?)
<taxonomicName id="A6E2316A6907598D302CF9A26BAE4BAB" class="Malacostraca" family="Caridea" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus gibbosus" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">Heterocarpus? gibbosus</taxonomicName>
-Wood-Mason &amp; Alcock, 1892: 368, fig. 6. (non Spence Bate, 1888)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BE527E9F0AC182C2687E1BEC6809F67" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BD275D645DA4BD2D94E6A05C54A1E7EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E4EABBE942C767206C59283C7E407B72" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Sakthikulangara fishing harbor, Kollam district, Kerala, 20 March 2017, 1 ♂ cl 28.65 mm, 2 ovigerous ♀♀ cl 29.9-31.2 mm (NTOU M02049); 1 ♂ cl 33.3 mm, 3 ovigerous ♀♀ cl 26.8-35.8 mm (NTOU M02050), 1 ovigerous ♀ cl 30.0 mm, 1 ♀ cl 24.2 mm (ZRC 2017.0892); 1 ♂ cl 21.3 mm (DABFUK/AR-DEN-30), 1 ovigerous ♀ cl 26.2 mm (DABFUK/AR-DEN-31); 1 ♂ cl 23.0 mm, 1 ovigerous ♀ cl 23.8 mm (OUMNH). Muttom fishing harbor, Tamil Nadu, 21 March 2017, 1 ♀ cl 20.6 mm (NTOU M02051).</paragraph>
<caption id="FC18250115A082C96545800F99F591B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<paragraph id="F78BC7153491A4943CAED58EEA1DFA83" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName id="28F0E45DDAAF64F38A34BCCCC4E75676" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus chani" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chani">Heterocarpus chani</taxonomicName>
Li, 2006, Sakthikulangara fishing harbor, SW India, ovigerous ♀ cl 29.9 mm (NTOU M02049).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7F22AD00A13E74CF9857711C1E191B7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="59FDF143E912671CBC63B01944A36FEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A18032EAF300C3111E0E32B2D8DC4CC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Rostrum far overreaching scaphocerite, 0.6-1.0 times as long as carapace. Rostrum dorsally armed with 7-10 teeth including 4-5 teeth on carapace posterior to orbital margin, ventrally armed with 10-16 teeth along entire length but with distal 2-3 teeth obscure. Rostral crest moderately elevated. Two lateral carinae on carapace, postorbital carina extending posteriorly almost to posterior margin of carapace and distinctly recurved downwards at posterior end. Branchiostegal carina sharp and extending posteriorly to 75-80% of carapace length (Figs 2
<normalizedToken id="6DDCE9431CCC450C24B1491550D82780" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
). Abdominal tergites without spine, boss on third somite distinct and with lateral borders somewhat carinate, width 0.2-0.3 and length 0.7-0.8 times as long as somite (Fig. 3C); only pleura IV and V bearing posteroventral tooth. Telson bearing 4 pairs of dorsolateral and 3 pairs of distal spines. Maxilliped III with exopod very short, 0.2-0.3 times as long as antepenultimate segment (Fig. 2C). Pereiopod III with carpus and ischium bearing 0-2 spines, merus with 1-6 mesial and 10-15 lateral spines, dactylus 0.2-0.4 times as long as propodus. Pereiopod IV with carpus bearing 1-2 spines, merus with 1 distinct apical spine and 10-13 lateral spines, ischium with 2 spines. Pereiopod V with carpus bearing 0-1 spines, merus with 10-13 lateral spines, ischium without any spine (Fig. 2
<normalizedToken id="7A087BEF4D64B94B61FA8CEB16C18BC8" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="52945B9751D53953E950FFA6777A8A93" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<paragraph id="480B45B9FA3348688750C9B71187220F" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName id="4A9D579F77910F2DA770671D5990FF3D" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus chani" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chani">Heterocarpus chani</taxonomicName>
Li, 2006, Sakthikulangara fishing harbor, SW India. A,
<normalizedToken id="A6E34BCAC8EEB596136CC780C719FFAC" originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
ovigerous ♀ cl 26.8 mm (NTOU M02050) B ovigerous ♀ cl 31.4 mm (NTOU M02050)
<normalizedToken id="FD71DCEBFBEDCB5FE3BE9FD5590C3AFB" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
Carapace, lateral C right maxilliped III D right pereiopod III E right pereiopod IV F right pereiopod V. Scales = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43F6C18EDA2542A9C3C1EC332338B18E" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="coloration">
<paragraph id="3A8236C5863B7CF9FEC7AFC8A5394574" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Coloration.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A9F7C36BD36E597C7691B45856D0F381" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Body generally orange red to rose red, rostrum whitish in anterior half but with tip often reddish. Eyes dark brown. Basal parts of antennular and antennal flagella whitish (more so in former). Scaphocerite with distal part whitish. Ventral lateral carina of carapace sometimes whitish except at tip (i.e. branchiostegal spine). Posterior border of carapace and anterior margin of abdominal somite I whitish. Maxilliped III with penultimate segment and sometimes also distal part of antepenultimate segment whitish. Pereiopod I with posterior part of carpus and sometimes also anterior part of merus whitish. Longer pereiopod II with chela, carpus and anterior part of merus whitish. Shorter pereiopod II only with basal carpus and distal merus whitish. Pereiopods III with propodus, carpus and anterior 1/2-1/3 of merus whitish. Pereiopods IV and V with propodus, carpus, merus and sometimes even entire pereiopod whitish except for reddish dactylus. Eggs greenish brown.</paragraph>
<caption id="4A816C22194EA9DCE6710C13AED21290" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
<paragraph id="2D2A4B44734044DCF86F9B29E9F95308" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Figure 3. A, C
<taxonomicName id="7AFD401676A40EE7C17A075CFD376BEF" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus chani" order="Decapoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chani">Heterocarpus chani</taxonomicName>
Li, 2006, Sakthikulangara fishing harbor, SW India, ovigerous ♀ cl 26.8 mm (NTOU M02050) B, D
<taxonomicName id="02BB7E608F66888D84F74D34FCDA179A" lsidName="H. gibbosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="gibbosus">H. gibbosus</taxonomicName>
Spence Bate, 1888, the Philippines, PANGLAO 2005, stn CP 2359, ♂ cl 25.9 mm (NTOU M00792)
<normalizedToken id="663690BE8D51A82F0EAC01A52C567BBA" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
posterior carapace, lateral
<normalizedToken id="0B32605A9010D1DAAC9AB8DF53767755" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
abdominal somites II and III, lateral. Scales = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="933674692964C64C5206BA2DF5808B67" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C4D51D63D07079C782106B34FB657AA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14B2D6790C1A8F093919DA707E59F666" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
Only known with certainty from the South China Sea, Philippines and southern India, at depths of 382 (perhaps as shallow as 200 m, see
<bibRefCitation id="9930CA160F2AA12F3A268A769830DE59" author="Kuberan, G" journalOrPublisher="Marine Fisheries Information Service; Technical and Extension Series" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination=": 27" title="A new record of deep-sea caridean shrimp Heterocarpuschani (Decapoda: Pandalidae) from southern coast of India" volume="226" year="2015">Kuberan et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) to 888 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F87ACA43AFEE0B94A11F257B69FBAFFD" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="70F00809306BD15505CDCE8ED5E4841C" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
<pageBreakToken id="16FB98CBAE2FAF189CC07D5BB136BB1B" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="693E52AD6AC6701D97110D72BF829102" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
Although
<taxonomicName id="9C30C8F85DD7DF8A4212EA1007ED1257" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus gibbosus" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">Heterocarpus gibbosus</taxonomicName>
Spence Bate, 1888 (type locality: Bohol Sea, The Philippines, see
<bibRefCitation id="53CE257E03DBD9650D8F2083FA273DE0" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="155 - 159" title="Heterocarpusgibbosus Bate, 1888 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae): proposed replacement of the holotype by a neotype." volume="64" year="2007">Li et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="92A08C77E0A650F45709C682AF478B39" author="Anonymous," journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="91 - 92" title="Opinion 2217 (Case 3389) Heterocarpusgibbosus Bate, 1888 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae): replacement of the holotype by a neotype." url="https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v66i1.a11" volume="66" year="2009">Anonymous 2009</bibRefCitation>
) has long been reported from India, going back to soon after the original description of the species (
<bibRefCitation id="193856DEB00073DC45BCB2F8E51DF615" author="Wood-Mason, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="265 - 275" title="Natural History Notes from H. M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer ' Investigaotr', Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. Ser. II, No. 1. On the Results of Deep-sea Dredging during the Season 1890 - 91" volume="9" year="1892">Wood-Mason and Alcock 1892</bibRefCitation>
). Although recently considered as an important catch in the local deep-sea fishery (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="6E7B2A486427D530E12BB1984D603BF6" author="Rajan, KN" journalOrPublisher="Marine Fisheries Information Service; Technical and Extension Series" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 11" title="Innovative exploitation of deepsea Crustacean along the Kerala coast." volume="168" year="2001">Rajan et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="434144B646186C8BFBADE2B0225D660B" author="Kurup, BM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="122 - 126" title="Distribution of deep sea prawns off Kerala." volume="50" year="2008">Kurup et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1D0FBD1DB8C8ED87753A0F1BB166C822" author="Rajasree, SRR" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Fisheries" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="45 - 50" title="Food and feeding habits of deepsea pandalid prawns Heterocarpusgibbosus, Bate 1888 and Heterocarpuswoodmasoni, Alcock off Kerala, south India." volume="58" year="2011">Rajasree and Kurup 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="613634F37F051C6E071609A79861E15B" author="Rajool Shanis, CP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="45 - 49" title="Shrimps of the family Pandalidae (Caridea) from Indian waters, with new distributional record of Plesionikaadensameri (Balss, 1914)." volume="54" year="2012">Rajool Shanis et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A15043BB74F6F9359968870EC77A17A7" author="Rajool Shanis, CP" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="237 - 242" title="Deep-sea shrimp fishery operations in Kerala coast: problems and prospects." volume="1" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
), the abundant specimens observed in three deep-sea fishing ports in southern India (Sakthikulangara, Muttom and Tuticorin, only specimens kept as vouchers were listed in Material examined) all actually represent
<taxonomicName id="4A29259BEE40D9B363B1156597FF8705" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
without exception. Thus, the brief record of
<taxonomicName id="D0BFE75792390AE3222C32794BA45BDD" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
in India by
<bibRefCitation id="17795497CECD31EDDEB5F003FB475178" author="Kuberan, G" journalOrPublisher="Marine Fisheries Information Service; Technical and Extension Series" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination=": 27" title="A new record of deep-sea caridean shrimp Heterocarpuschani (Decapoda: Pandalidae) from southern coast of India" volume="226" year="2015">Kuberan et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
is confirmed. The southern Indian material of
<taxonomicName id="943037DE72B64E21B0DCACBDB8E985BB" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
agrees well with that reported from the South China Sea and the Philippines (
<bibRefCitation id="9C3EF836D701CDB35CFE8929ECAA8103" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="36 - 372" title="Additional pandaloid shrimps from the South China Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea), with description of new species." volume="54" year="2006">Li 2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="02E8A25E40F741A6BCC81E533CA03EFA" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="129 - 154" title="Pandalid shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected from the Philippines PANGLAO 2005 deep-sea expedition" volumeTitle="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos" year="2013">Li and Chan 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The only observed difference is the length of the rostrum being more frequently shorter in the Indian population. About half of the Indian specimens have the rostrum 0.6-0.7 times as long as the carapace in contrast to only about 1/10 of the comparative Philippines material with a shorter rostrum. Comparison of the COI sequences (657 bps) between the short (GenBank accession nos. MF149971-MF149973) and long rostral (MF149974) forms in the Indian material shows only 0.2-0.6% divergence, while genetic divergences between the Indian and Philippine materials (GQ302748, GQ302750, GQ302752, GQ302754) are 2.1-2.7 %. COI sequence divergences of less than 3% are generally considered to be intraspecific in decapod crustaceans (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="1195390E4F778F49267E1E03A98B9F2C" author="Darling, JA" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" title="Interspecific hybridization and mitochondrial introgression in invasive Carcinus shore crabs" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017828" volume="6" year="2011">Darling 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FDB17B3CDAA5BA871AAF9678712304E7" author="Vergamini, FG" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="67 - 83" title="Genetic variability of the Amazon River prawn Macrobrachiumamazonicum (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae)." volume="80" year="2011">Vergamini et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F36385370F7B5F65974994DF55D4AA50" author="Yang, CH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="17 - 31" title="Connectivity of the squat lobsters Shinkaiacrosnieri (Crustacea: Decapoda: Galatheidae) between cold seep and hydrothermal vent habitats." url="https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2015.1031" volume="92" year="2016">Yang et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The coloration of the Indian material also generally agrees with that from the Philippines (Fig. 1,
<bibRefCitation id="0051A4756B8F8939936A2D8AEAB1502B" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="36 - 372" title="Additional pandaloid shrimps from the South China Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea), with description of new species." volume="54" year="2006">Li 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4,
<bibRefCitation id="70BFFE696D77092B561E339F0491914D" author="Yang, CH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="206 - 220" title="Two new species of the &quot; Heterocarpusgibbosus Bate, 1888 &quot; species group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the western Pacific and north-western Australia." volume="2372" year="2010">Yang et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
: fig.5E,
<bibRefCitation id="001ED3596AD2A4EF28F28954E14652E9" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="129 - 154" title="Pandalid shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected from the Philippines PANGLAO 2005 deep-sea expedition" volumeTitle="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos" year="2013">Li and Chan 2013</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7DF666383CFBB6CF277731AED6010A8E" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
While
<taxonomicName id="C837D289B55617F32CA88CC395D2D2F8" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
exhibits a high genetic divergence from
<taxonomicName id="B8960B553EB91CC04B099EE0276BDFB2" lsidName="H. gibbosus" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="gibbosus">H. gibbosus</taxonomicName>
(GQ302740, GQ302742, GQ302744, GQ302746, with 10.0-11.5% COI sequence divergence, also see
<bibRefCitation id="48E4787A2F428E7269CECD4D7111BEA0" author="Yang, CH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="206 - 220" title="Two new species of the &quot; Heterocarpusgibbosus Bate, 1888 &quot; species group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the western Pacific and north-western Australia." volume="2372" year="2010">Yang et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
), the two species are morphologically very similar and mainly differ in the relative length of the exopod on the third maxilliped (
<bibRefCitation id="B7B460640EA2ED46A7553AC3E78B0ABB" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="36 - 372" title="Additional pandaloid shrimps from the South China Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea), with description of new species." volume="54" year="2006">Li 2006</bibRefCitation>
). More careful comparison of the present material reveals that there are three more, somewhat, subtle differences between these two species. The posterior end of the postorbital carina is distinctly ridged and recurved downwards in
<taxonomicName id="6A165BC478AF2146941A56A5B99D170B" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 3A), but becomes rather indistinct and not bending downwards in
<taxonomicName id="E3D4833A019771EF4DD0C0EB9F56F1F1" lsidName="H. gibbosus" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="gibbosus">H. gibbosus</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 3B). The abdominal boss is more distinct and with the lateral borders ridged in
<taxonomicName id="4F1E374EB56055B4ED22AE85C985429E" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 3C) whilst in
<taxonomicName id="5FB91F99D86A778D7A83E37696136D74" lsidName="H. gibbosus" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="gibbosus">H. gibbosus</taxonomicName>
, the abdominal boss is relatively less distinct and with the lateral borders not forming ridges (Fig. 3D). The posterior pereiopods each have a distinct red band on the anterior part of the merus in
<taxonomicName id="6C4466462833447206C04D5BAC0AF38C" lsidName="H. gibbosus" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="gibbosus">H. gibbosus</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E9BFC9A69758EA0C5B9AB70668086DD6" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="36 - 372" title="Additional pandaloid shrimps from the South China Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea), with description of new species." volume="54" year="2006">Li 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6,
<bibRefCitation id="37CED8F897A9940A441ED68FBB05B3C6" author="Yang, CH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="206 - 220" title="Two new species of the &quot; Heterocarpusgibbosus Bate, 1888 &quot; species group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the western Pacific and north-western Australia." volume="2372" year="2010">Yang et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5B,
<bibRefCitation id="32081E3C70D9A6FA3581EEF351D9A54C" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="129 - 154" title="Pandalid shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected from the Philippines PANGLAO 2005 deep-sea expedition" volumeTitle="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos" year="2013">Li and Chan 2013</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1C), while such red bands are lacking in
<taxonomicName id="84D60B1B3F94A51ABEAFA1EDBB35A85E" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 1,
<bibRefCitation id="83F8DE74E4C4B26BD1A0C88E37BF90B0" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="36 - 372" title="Additional pandaloid shrimps from the South China Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea), with description of new species." volume="54" year="2006">Li 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4,
<bibRefCitation id="5DA822EBF2304E8A4C874149C81C5758" author="Yang, CH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="206 - 220" title="Two new species of the &quot; Heterocarpusgibbosus Bate, 1888 &quot; species group (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the western Pacific and north-western Australia." volume="2372" year="2010">Yang et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5E,
<bibRefCitation id="D226325A6817824870466313671EC579" author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="129 - 154" title="Pandalid shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected from the Philippines PANGLAO 2005 deep-sea expedition" volumeTitle="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos" year="2013">Li and Chan 2013</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1B;
<bibRefCitation id="5D2CBCA1A3F17589DA7F0CA745DCEA66" author="Kuberan, G" journalOrPublisher="Marine Fisheries Information Service; Technical and Extension Series" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination=": 27" title="A new record of deep-sea caridean shrimp Heterocarpuschani (Decapoda: Pandalidae) from southern coast of India" volume="226" year="2015">Kuberan et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E730BC4393CEA6ED3A52289523B8D3D" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
Although more differences are now enumerated between
<taxonomicName id="9E4F21540C8F5FA587A77BCB353472BB" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1D0B4741147D6C2B1747480AD20ED267" lsidName="H. gibbosus" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="gibbosus">H. gibbosus</taxonomicName>
, it still cannot be deduced if the numerous reports of
<taxonomicName id="621C68BB70810A2B14102E5405C41D07" lsidName="H. gibbosus" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="gibbosus">H. gibbosus</taxonomicName>
from India in reality refer to that species or indeed solely represent
<taxonomicName id="5C98C9F15921C4169DBFA0F87C2F580E" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
, because all these records are too brief or did not list nor discuss any of the above distinctive characters. However, the &quot;
<taxonomicName id="48A04388B034AFC5B8356B7A9150340A" lsidName="H. gibbosus" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="gibbosus">H. gibbosus</taxonomicName>
&quot; specimens from SW Cochin reported by
<bibRefCitation id="5DEDEBE6275AC86996103CDBFF3A91F7" author="George, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings Symposium on Crustacea, Part" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" pagination="327 - 336" title="On some Decapod Crustaceans from the south-west coast of India." volume="1" volumeTitle="No. 2." year="1967">George and Rao (1967)</bibRefCitation>
were described as having an abdominal boss with rather prominent median carination, and therefore likely represent
<taxonomicName id="480926D78312260CBC2609603F054A59" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
instead. The &quot;
<taxonomicName id="2760C9C6E0928DDE6483A89173282104" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus gibbosus" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">Heterocarpus? gibbosus</taxonomicName>
&quot; illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="43006518FD4D5777CFC6CEB159C3BF4F" author="Wood-Mason, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" pagination="265 - 275" title="Natural History Notes from H. M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer ' Investigaotr', Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. Ser. II, No. 1. On the Results of Deep-sea Dredging during the Season 1890 - 91" volume="9" year="1892">Wood-Mason and Alcock (1892</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6), though lacking an abdominal boss, likely also represents
<taxonomicName id="C237C54A2A4AA7114925B1E3A05CFBEA" lsidName="H. chani" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="chani">H. chani</taxonomicName>
since it has a shorter rostrum and with the posterior end of the postorbital carina sloping downwards. The rough line-drawing of &quot;
<taxonomicName id="93CBF1D9848AAA5E6B2D70FA87C57AFF" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Heterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterocarpus gibbosus" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">Heterocarpus gibbosus</taxonomicName>
&quot; provided in Suseelan (1974: fig. 2) also shows a posteriorly recurved downward postorbital carina. Thus, whether
<taxonomicName id="8629CD190EDA49A7E0257F1EE8BF403E" lsidName="H. gibbosus" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species" species="gibbosus">H. gibbosus</taxonomicName>
truly occurs in India continues to be in need of confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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