237 lines
26 KiB
XML
237 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="95E351423E6BE15F865CF41F4D417758">The masked water snakes of the genus Homalopsis Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822 (Squamata, Serpentes, Homalopsidae), with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DC91412EFF0EB40E" box="[151,234,1113,1135]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Coluber</emphasis>
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: 217
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.
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: 220
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.
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<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DC9141E0FEF4B4CC" box="[151,272,1175,1197]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Homalopsis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CB3BEC5EFFE6FFF7DD1041E1FDC4B4CD" author="Kuhl" box="[278,544,1174,1196]" page="101" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1822">
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: 101
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<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DC9141C2FF16B4AA" box="[151,242,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pythonia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CB3BEC5EFFE6FFF7DCFF41C2FE79B4AA" author="Blyth" box="[249,413,1205,1227]" page="279" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1859">
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<bibRefCitation id="2E0BB7BEFFE6FFF7DCFF41C2FE89B4AA" author="Blyth" box="[249,365,1205,1227]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Blyth, E. (1859) Report of Curator, Zoological Department, for February to May meetings, 1859. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, 28, 279." type="journal article" year="1859">Blyth 1859</bibRefCitation>
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: 279
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A25CA4FFFE6FFF7DC9141A3FC0CB48B" blockId="3.[151,1000,1113,1258]" box="[151,1000,1235,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DC9141A3FE2EB488" authority="Theobald 1868: 66" authorityName="Theobald" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,458,1235,1258]" family="Eimeriidae" genus="Pythonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Miozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DC9141A3FEE1B48B" box="[151,261,1236,1258]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pythonella</emphasis>
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Theobald 1868: 66
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DDDF41A3FDFEB48B" box="[473,538,1236,1258]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">lapsus</emphasis>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DE4241A3FC05B48B" authority="Williams & Wallach, 1989" authorityName="Williams & Wallach" authorityYear="1989" box="[580,993,1235,1258]" genus="Pythonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fide">
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<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DE4241A3FD2FB48B" box="[580,715,1236,1258]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pythonia fide</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2E0BB7BEFFE6FFF7DED441A4FC05B48B" author="Williams" box="[722,993,1235,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Williams K. L. & Wallach, V. (1989) Snakes of the World. Volume 1. Synopsis of Snake Generic Names. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar. 234 pp." type="book" year="1989">Williams & Wallach, 1989</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="028099C4FFE6FFF7DC914060FEF8B5FF" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4A25CA4FFFE6FFF7DC914060FF01B535" blockId="3.[151,1436,1302,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DC914060FED7B54E" bold="true" box="[151,307,1302,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<typeStatus id="952174EDFFE6FFF7DC914060FF36B54E" box="[151,210,1303,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species.
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</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DD3C4061FD4EB54F" authority="Daudin, 1803" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1803" box="[314,682,1302,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horridus">
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||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DD3C4061FE1AB54F" box="[314,510,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Coluber horridus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2E0BB7BEFFE6FFF7DE034061FD4EB54F" author="Daudin" box="[517,682,1302,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Daudin, F. M. (1803 a) Historie naturelle, generale et particuliere des reptiles, pour faire suite a l'histoire naturelle de Buffon, redigee par Sonnini. Volume 6. F. Dufart, Paris." type="book" year="1803" yearSuffix="a">Daudin, 1803a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(synonym of
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||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DF4F4061FB22B54F" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[841,1222,1302,1326]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buccatus">
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||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DF4F4061FBF4B54F" box="[841,1040,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Coluber buccatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E0BB7BEFFE6FFF7D8114061FB22B54F" author="Linnaeus" box="[1047,1222,1302,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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) by original designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A25CA4FFFE6FFF7DCCF4016FEF8B5FF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1302,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DCCF4016FED5B51B" bold="true" box="[201,305,1377,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Content.</emphasis>
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Five species:
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<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DDD24016FD5FB518" box="[468,699,1377,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buccata">
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||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DDD24016FD5FB518" box="[468,699,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Homalopsis buccata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DECC4015FC80B518" box="[714,868,1377,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
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||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DECC4015FC80B518" box="[714,868,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. hardwickii</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DF724015FBD1B518" box="[884,1077,1377,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigroventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DF724015FBD1B518" box="[884,1077,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. nigroventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7D8424015FB39B518" box="[1092,1245,1377,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mereljcoxi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7D8424015FB39B518" box="[1092,1245,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. mereljcoxi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63DDAB26FFE6FFF7D8E34015FAA4B51B" box="[1253,1344,1378,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7D8E34015FAA4B51B" bold="true" box="[1253,1344,1378,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7D9874015FEF1B5FF" genus="Pythonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semizonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7D9874015FEF1B5FF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. semizonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="028099C4FFE6FFF7DCCF40DCFC75B638" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="4A25CA4FFFE6FFF7DCCF40DCFC75B638" blockId="3.[151,1436,1302,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DCCF40DCFEA7B5A5" bold="true" box="[201,323,1451,1476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DD4C40DBFE34B5A5" box="[330,464,1452,1476]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DD4C40DBFE34B5A5" box="[330,464,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Homalopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other Southeast Asian snakes by their keeled and striated scales in 33–49 rows at midbody; crescent-shaped valvular nostrils; lower labials posterior to the eye are horizontally divided; and enlarged plates (frontal and parietals) on the crown. Snakes of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7D88D4081FB10B66F" box="[1163,1268,1526,1550]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7D88D4081FB10B66F" box="[1163,1268,1526,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the species most likely to be confused with
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DE0E436BFD73B655" box="[520,663,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DE0E436BFD74B655" box="[520,656,1564,1588]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Homalopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DF0A436BFC90B655" box="[780,884,1564,1588]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Cerberus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DF0A436BFC90B655" box="[780,884,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cerberus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have fewer than 30 scales rows at midbody and the frontal and parietals are ‘fragmented’ into small irregular scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="028099C4FFE6FFF7DCCF4311FB9CB73F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4A25CA4FFFE6FFF7DCCF4311FB9CB73F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1302,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DCCF4311FE86B61E" bold="true" box="[201,354,1638,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7DD6F4311FE0BB61F" box="[361,495,1638,1662]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7DD6F4311FE0BB61F" box="[361,495,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Homalopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="328D8ADFFFE6FFF7DE844311FD21B61F" box="[642,709,1638,1662]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(based on an anecdotal record,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E0BB7BEFFE6FFF7D8204310FAF1B61F" author="Zug" box="[1062,1301,1638,1663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Zug G. R. & Mitchell, J. C. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles of the Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 6, 172 - 180." type="journal article" year="1995">Zug & Mitchell 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and probably northeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="328D8ADFFFE6FFF7DD2943FBFE8FB6C5" box="[303,363,1676,1700]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eastward to Indochina and southward into the Malayan peninsula and the Indonesian Archipelago as far east as Borneo. One specimen has been reported from Makassar, Sulawesi (Rooji 1917) but De Lang &Vogel (2005) could not validate its presence on the island.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D2A1D6CAFFE6FFF7DF3A43A1FC7EB68F" box="[828,922,1750,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1144,1167]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1133]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1135]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map summarizing the distribution of the five species of Homalopsis. Known localities for H. nigroventralis are in black, known localities for H. mereljcoxi sp. nov. are in red. The area in yellow is the area inhabited by the family Homalopsidae. Question marks mark areas that are suspected of having Homalopsis based upon anecdotal observations in the literature or museum specimens with questionable data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209958/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
shows the distribution of the five species recognized here. Regional works on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="328D8ADFFFE6FFF7DE0B438BFDA3B775" box="[525,583,1788,1812]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="328D8ADFFFE6FFF7DE7A438BFD5BB775" box="[636,703,1788,1812]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
rarely mention the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D9AB1CCFFE6FFF7D818438BFB40B775" box="[1054,1188,1788,1812]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Homalopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7D818438BFB40B775" box="[1054,1188,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Homalopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Neither
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E0BB7BEFFE6FFF7D90A438BFF05B758" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Ahmed, M. F., Das, A. & Dutta, S. K. (2009) Amphibains and Reptiles of Northeast India, A Photographic Guide. Aaranyak, Guwah, India. 167 pp." type="book">
|
||
Ahmed
|
||
<emphasis id="78EE165DFFE6FFF7D962438AFA78B775" box="[1380,1436,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
nor
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E0BB7BEFFE6FFF7DD1F4256FDB0B758" author="Whitaker" box="[281,596,1825,1849]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Whitaker, R. & Captain, A. (2004). Snakes of India, The Field Guide. Draco Books, Chennai, India. 479 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker & Captain (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mention the species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="328D8ADFFFE6FFF7DF634256FC7BB758" box="[869,927,1825,1849]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and only
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E0BB7BEFFE6FFF7D8124256FADCB758" author="Schleich" box="[1044,1336,1825,1849]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Schleich, H. H. & Kastle, W. (eds.) (2002) Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag K. G., Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany. 1201 pp." type="book" year="2002">Schleich & Kastle (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report it from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="328D8ADFFFE6FFF7DCD24231FEFEB73F" box="[212,282,1862,1886]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and their account is based solely upon the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E0BB7BEFFE6FFF7DEF94230FBE4B73F" author="Zug" box="[767,1024,1862,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Zug G. R. & Mitchell, J. C. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles of the Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 6, 172 - 180." type="journal article" year="1995">Zug & Mitchell (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
comment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |