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258 lines
24 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" ID-PMC="PMC8930920" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-10-e76050" ID-Pensoft-UUID="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" ID-PubMed="35437414" ModsDocID="1314-2828-10-e76050" checkinTime="1647039089382" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Simon, Andrew D. F., Adamczyk, Emily M., Basman, Antranig, Chu, Jackson W. F., Gartner, Heidi N., Fletcher, Karin, Gibbs, Charles J., Gibbs, Donna M., Gilmore, Scott R., Harbo, Rick M., Harris, Leslie H., Humphrey, Elaine, Lamb, Andy, Lambert, Philip, McDaniel, Neil, Scott, Jessica & Starzomski, Brian M." docDate="2022" docId="8E441C106C55515E8D608053667622AC" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 10: e76050" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 10" docPubDate="2022-03-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" docTitle="Hippoglossus Grant 1836" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" lastPageNumber="76050" masterDocId="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" masterDocTitle="Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology" masterLastPageNumber="76050" masterPageNumber="76050" pageNumber="76050" updateTime="1668121969866" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Andrew D. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-8974</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">adfsimon@imerss.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Adamczyk, Emily M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Basman, Antranig</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Chu, Jackson W. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-9446</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gartner, Heidi N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fletcher, Karin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Port Orchard 98366, Port Orchard, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Charles J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gibbs, Donna M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gilmore, Scott R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>7494 Andrea Cres, Lantzville, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harbo, Rick M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harris, Leslie H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Humphrey, Elaine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lamb, Andy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lambert, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McDaniel, Neil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>McDaniel Photography, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scott, Jessica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ocean Wise, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starzomski, Brian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-03-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>76050</mods:start>
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<mods:end>76050</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-10-e76050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E441C106C55515E8D608053667622AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E441C106C55515E8D608053667622AC" lastPageNumber="76050" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName LSID="8E441C10-6C55-515E-8D60-8053667622AC" authority="Grant, 1836" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1836" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="phylum">Porifera Grant, 1836</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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[
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">3 classes: 15 orders: 27 genera: 40 species</emphasis>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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The name '
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="phylum">Porifera</taxonomicName>
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' derives from Modern Latin and means, literally, "bearing pores", referring to the pores that perforate the body wall of these organisms.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="phylum">Porifera</taxonomicName>
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are commonly known as sponges and have the simplest body plans of all multicellular animals, with no tissues or organs. Currently there are 9,452 valid species recognised worldwide, including representatives from both fresh and saltwater habitats (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hooper, J." journalOrPublisher="Springer US, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6754349" refString="Hooper, J., van Soest, R. W. M., 2002. Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. Springer US, New York" title="Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges" year="2002">Hooper and van Soest 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest, Rob W M" journalOrPublisher="PLOS One" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination=": e 35105" refId="B6662786" refString="Van Soest, Rob W M, Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Vacelet, Jean, Dohrmann, Martin, Erpenbeck, Dirk, De Voogd, Nicole J, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda, Vanhoorne, Bart, Kelly, Michelle, Hooper, John N A, 2012. Global diversity of sponges (Porifera). PLOS One 7 (4): e35105" title="Global diversity of sponges (Porifera)." volume="7" year="2012">Van Soest et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="De Maddalena, A." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Madeira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B7630317" refString="de Voogd N. J. Alvarez B. Boury-Esnault N. Carballo J. L. Cardenas P. Diaz M. -C. Dohrmann M. Downey R. Hajdu E. Hooper J. N. A. Kelly M. Klautau M. Manconi R. Morrow C. C. Pisera A. B. Rios P. Ruetzler K. Schoenberg C. Vacelet J. van Soest R. W. M. World Porifera Database http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera 2021-12-22T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">de Voogd et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). Most sponges have a unique internal canal system used for circulating water, which is made of a series of progressively finer filters connected by chambers lined with flagellated cells called choanocytes. The phylum is divided into four classes:
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<taxonomicName class="Calcarea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="class">Calcarea</taxonomicName>
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(calcareous sponges),
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="class">Demospongiae</taxonomicName>
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(demosponges),
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<taxonomicName class="Hexactinellida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="class">Hexactinellida</taxonomicName>
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(glass sponges) and the
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<taxonomicName class="Homoscleromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="class">Homoscleromorpha</taxonomicName>
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(homoscleromorphs) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gazave, Eve" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="3 - 10" refId="B7630593" refString="Gazave, Eve, Lapebie, Pascal, Ereskovsky, Alexander V., Vacelet, Jean, Renard, Emmanuelle, Cardenas, Paco, Borchiellini, Carole, 2011. No longer Demospongiae: Homoscleromorpha formal nomination as a fourth class of Porifera. Hydrobiologia 687 (1): 3 - 10" title="No longer Demospongiae: Homoscleromorpha formal nomination as a fourth class of Porifera" volume="687" year="2011">Gazave et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). Currently, there are 70 valid species recognised in the Puget Trough/Georgia Basin ecoregion (
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<bibRefCitation author="De Maddalena, A." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Madeira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B7630317" refString="de Voogd N. J. Alvarez B. Boury-Esnault N. Carballo J. L. Cardenas P. Diaz M. -C. Dohrmann M. Downey R. Hajdu E. Hooper J. N. A. Kelly M. Klautau M. Manconi R. Morrow C. C. Pisera A. B. Rios P. Ruetzler K. Schoenberg C. Vacelet J. van Soest R. W. M. World Porifera Database http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera 2021-12-22T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">de Voogd et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
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), though many species remain undescribed in this cryptic group. Indeed, we estimate as many as 300 to 400 taxa may be present off the coast of British Columbia (Austin, unpubl. 2017). To date, 40 taxa have been documented locally, with all classes but the homoscleromophs confirmed for Galiano Island.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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Most sponges are filter feeders that tend to thrive in strong current or wave-swept habitats. In tidal passages along the coast of British Columbia, sponges are often the most conspicuous and abundant sessile invertebrates present (Neil McDaniel, pers. obs.). Given that it is difficult to census the biodiversity found in areas with strong currents, additional species have likely gone undocumented from channels around Galiano Island. The homosceleromoph sponge
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1884" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Oscarellidae" genus="Oscarella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oscarella" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Oscarella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., for example, is known to occur in inlets of Vancouver Island and would likely be found in deeper waters around Galiano Island with further search effort. This dataset also includes three undescribed sponge species, which is likely a small percentage of the undescribed species in this region. Indeed, new sponge species are frequently described based on specimens sampled in deeper waters (
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<bibRefCitation author="Reiswig, Henry M." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="124 - 151" refId="B6662801" refString="Reiswig, Henry M., 2018. Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 124 - 151" title="Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific" volume="4466" year="2018">Reiswig 2018</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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The glass sponges
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" class="Hexactinellida" family="Aphrocallistidae" genus="Aphrocallistes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphrocallistes vastus" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vastus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Aphrocallistes vastus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Schulze, 1886 (cloud sponge) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F6640558" captionText="Figure 4. Aphrocallistes vastus (cloud sponge) - Photograph by Jackson Chu / Fisheries and Oceans Canada." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/500828" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">4</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schulze" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Hexactinellida" family="Aphrocallistidae" genus="Heterochone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterochone calyx" order="Sceptrulophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="calyx">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Heterochone calyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Schulze, 1886) (fingered goblet sponge) form extensive deep-water reefs or bioherms, globally unique to the coasts of western Canada and the USA (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dunham, A." journalOrPublisher="Marine Environmental Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="88 - 99" refId="B7630550" refString="Dunham, A., Archer, S. K., Davies, S. C., Burke, L. A., Mossman, J., Pegg, J. R., Archer, E., 2018. Assessing condition and ecological role of deep-water biogenic habitats: glass sponge reefs in the Salish Sea. Marine Environmental Research 141: 88 - 99" title="Assessing condition and ecological role of deep-water biogenic habitats: glass sponge reefs in the Salish Sea" volume="141" year="2018">Dunham et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). Glass sponge reefs contribute to the productivity of benthic ecosystems by forming habitat for diverse communities of invertebrates and fish and also play an important role in water filtration and carbon sequestration (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dunham, A." journalOrPublisher="Marine Environmental Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="88 - 99" refId="B7630550" refString="Dunham, A., Archer, S. K., Davies, S. C., Burke, L. A., Mossman, J., Pegg, J. R., Archer, E., 2018. Assessing condition and ecological role of deep-water biogenic habitats: glass sponge reefs in the Salish Sea. Marine Environmental Research 141: 88 - 99" title="Assessing condition and ecological role of deep-water biogenic habitats: glass sponge reefs in the Salish Sea" volume="141" year="2018">Dunham et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). A total of 19 reef complexes have been mapped throughout the region, covering an area of ~ 12 km2 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dunham, A." journalOrPublisher="Marine Environmental Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="88 - 99" refId="B7630550" refString="Dunham, A., Archer, S. K., Davies, S. C., Burke, L. A., Mossman, J., Pegg, J. R., Archer, E., 2018. Assessing condition and ecological role of deep-water biogenic habitats: glass sponge reefs in the Salish Sea. Marine Environmental Research 141: 88 - 99" title="Assessing condition and ecological role of deep-water biogenic habitats: glass sponge reefs in the Salish Sea" volume="141" year="2018">Dunham et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). The reef off Galiano Island is one of the largest reefs mapped in the region, supporting dense populations of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. vastus" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" rank="species" species="vastus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">A. vastus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Staurozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. calyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Myxozoa" rank="species" species="calyx">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">H. calyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and a high diversity of marine animal species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Chu, J. W. F." journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology Progress Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="97 - 113" refId="B6662828" refString="Chu, J. W. F., Leys, S. P., 2010. High resolution mapping of community structure in three glass sponge reefs (Porifera, Hexactinellida). Marine Ecology Progress Series 417: 97 - 113" title="High resolution mapping of community structure in three glass sponge reefs (Porifera, Hexactinellida)" volume="417" year="2010">Chu and Leys 2010</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Chu, J. W. F." journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination="75 - 81" refId="B6662838" refString="Chu, J. W. F., Leys, S. P., 2012. The dorid nudibranchs Peltodoris lentiginosa and Archidoris odhneri as predators of glass sponges. Invertebrate Biology 131 (2): 75 - 81" title="The dorid nudibranchs Peltodoris lentiginosa and Archidoris odhneri as predators of glass sponges" volume="131" year="2012">Chu and Leys 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
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Uncertainty regarding sponge diversity primarily results from their cryptic nature, which demands specialised knowledge of their skeletal structures and advanced microscopy techniques to confirm species. Most sponges are characterised by their calcareous or siliceous spicules. The abundance, morphology and arrangement of these spicules, along with the form, texture and colour of the sponge, are used to identify specimens with reference to previously-described species. Austin and Ott (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kozloff, E. N." journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Press, Seattle" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662860" refString="Kozloff, E. N., 1996. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle" title="Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest" year="1996">Kozloff 1996</bibRefCitation>
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) provide keys to 130 intertidal and shallow subtidal species, including ~ 20 calcareous sponges, eight glass sponges and 100 demosponges. Additional regional accounts of
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<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Porifera" rank="phylum">Porifera</taxonomicName>
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include
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<bibRefCitation author="Lamb, A." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662869" refString="Lamb, A., Hanby, B. P., 2005. Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes. Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" title="Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes" year="2005">Lamb and Hanby (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Carlton, JT" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662886" refString="Carlton, JT, 2007. The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon" year="2007">Carlton (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Harbo, R. M." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662898" refString="Harbo, R. M., 2011. Whelks to whales. Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" title="Whelks to whales" year="2011">Harbo (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Austin, W. C." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" pagination=": 11" refId="B6662910" refString="Austin, W. C., Ott, B. S., Reiswig, H. M., Romagosa, P., McDaniel, N. G., 2013. Two new species in the family Axinellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia and adjacent waters. ZooKeys 338: 11" title="Two new species in the family Axinellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia and adjacent waters" volume="338" year="2013">Austin et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Austin, W. C." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662948" refString="Austin, W. C., Ott, B. S., Reiswig, H. M., Romagosa, P., N., McDaniel., 2014. Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species. In: Plazi.org taxonomic treatments database." title="Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species" volumeTitle="Plazi. org taxonomic treatments database." year="2014">Austin et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Jensen, G. C." journalOrPublisher="MolaMarine, Bremerton" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662971" refString="Jensen, G. C., Gotshall, D. W., Miller, R. E. F., 2018. Beneath Pacific tides: subtidal invertebrates of the West Coast. MolaMarine, Bremerton" title="Beneath Pacific tides: subtidal invertebrates of the West Coast" year="2018">Jensen et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Ott, B." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662979" refString="Ott, B., Reiswig, H. M., McDaniel, N., Harbo, R., 2019. New species of Lissodendoryx Topsent, 1892 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida Coelosphaeridae) and Myxilla Schmidt, 1862 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida Myxillidae) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa 4700 (1)" title="New species of Lissodendoryx Topsent, 1892 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida Coelosphaeridae) and Myxilla Schmidt, 1862 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida Myxillidae) from the Northeast Pacific" volume="4700" year="2019">Ott et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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. For annotated records of sponges reported for Galiano Island, see supplementary materials (Suppl. material 2).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |