2401 lines
304 KiB
XML
2401 lines
304 KiB
XML
<document id="97167054CCFBAE15C6B7D028A343CD5D" ID-CLB-Dataset="7816" ID-DOI="10.1093/mspecies/sey013" ID-GBIF-Dataset="669c20a9-c832-45af-bbd7-1e6545a7792a" ID-ISSN="1545-1410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573577" ID-ZooBank="6625EDBE-8629-46FB-A3EB-29300D954CFF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614695576262" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Law, Chris J." docDate="2018" docId="356130610B48A6096C4486B92BDC11A5" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpecies.50.966.109-118.pdf" docOrigin="Mammalian Species 50 (966)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sey013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36.4:MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36" docStyleName="MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Mustela sibirica : Pallas 1773" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="116" masterDocId="C95848190B48A60E6D5185502E4C1307" masterDocTitle="Mustela sibirica (Carnivora: Mustelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1698931827005" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="211A9EA270EB6A414B95FF1229A169D7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="33A648B7F0DB1301C1E9AD3AA34F31F7">
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<mods:title id="A3A94D5D1EC238D1FBB05D113D7DBF57">Mustela sibirica (Carnivora: Mustelidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DD7BD70706C2E603FBA9FC5B062594CE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0C88E034684CB3CA9F1EA57F57D9860A">Law, Chris J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB7FC86665B6916C9713272547E16AFA">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="96F40F560F5495508FFEAFDFC51B7463" type="email">cjlaw@ucsc.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0D1FC021985F99A2E94304646D9ACDE8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="184812F1EA7E64BAEE4836A25AC7DB23">
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<mods:title id="B323C57533B4843D923AFC594B5442AC">Mammalian Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FF827E49A999D2AAE2850914A080D87B">
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<mods:date id="DA7920E1F478FC4D4EA8A8FFF33F7D06">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="00EAC5150D9BD5FE5DF61B3564290AE6">2018-09-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A3462481017FB9506A117612376E6F2F">50</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A8346A354E6B63D4A50D266000D1FD5B">966</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9AD1B61B9F2A0E147980A1DA92FA67A2">109</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="5765B69AB57D120B92218FA9B030F5D5">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sey013</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3910B768F07D9111098CE39D8082728A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8DF730A9D02D4119AE9E00E06804DE22" type="CLB-Dataset">7816</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BAACF37373D7FE11AE6B59C1C5729550" type="DOI">10.1093/mspecies/sey013</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="356130610B48A6096C4486B92BDC11A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4593310" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180302055" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4593310" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:356130610B48A6096C4486B92BDC11A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/356130610B48A6096C4486B92BDC11A5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B48A60E6C4486B92C3C1704" box="[277,624,1001,1027]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6C4486B92C3C1704" blockId="0.[277,624,1001,1027]" box="[277,624,1001,1027]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<heading id="E63F361B0B48A60E6C4486B92C3C1704" box="[277,624,1001,1027]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6C4486B92C3C1704" ID-CoL="44QYK" authority="Pallas, 1773" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[277,624,1001,1027]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6C4486B92F991704" box="[277,469,1001,1027]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C8D86B92C3C1704" author="PALLAS, P. S." box="[476,624,1001,1027]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="ref10243" refString="PALLAS, P. S. 1773. Reise durch Verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. Vol. 3. Kayserlichen Academie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersbourg, Russia." type="book" year="1773">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6C8D86B92C3C1704" bold="true" box="[476,624,1001,1027]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pallas, 1773</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B48A60E6C3C814E2C541732" box="[365,536,1054,1077]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6C3C814E2C541732" blockId="0.[365,536,1054,1077]" box="[365,536,1054,1077]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Siberian Weasel</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B48A60F6D3C81062F5D1477" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C81062C4F17EA" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6D3C81062FB6176A" ID-CoL="44QYK" authority=": Pallas, 1773: 701" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityPageNumber="701" authorityYear="1773" box="[109,506,1110,1133]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C81062F68176A" box="[109,292,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C6D81062FB6176A" author="PALLAS, P. S." box="[316,506,1110,1133]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="ref10243" refString="PALLAS, P. S. 1773. Reise durch Verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. Vol. 3. Kayserlichen Academie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersbourg, Russia." type="book" year="1773">Pallas, 1773:701</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B48A60E6F5C81062C0E176A" box="[525,578,1110,1133]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B48A60E6FE881062FB9178A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">“Sibiriae montanis, sylvis densissimis;”</quote>
|
||
restricted to
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B48A60E6FF081262CDA17AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">“Vorposten Tigerazkoi, near Usstkomengorsk, W. Altai”</quote>
|
||
(Oskemen,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B48A60E6DCC81E62F5017CA" box="[157,284,1206,1229]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B48A60E6C7781E62FEF17CA" box="[294,419,1206,1229]" degrees="49.9833" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" precision="5" value="49.9833">49.9833° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B48A60E6CFD81E62C6817CA" box="[428,548,1206,1229]" degrees="82.6167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" precision="5" value="82.6167">82.6167° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6F0181E62C9517CA" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[592,729,1206,1229]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="ref10274" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1941. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Vol. II. Carnivora (suborders Aeluroidae (part) and Arctoidae). Taylor and Francis, Ltd, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1941">Pocock 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. First use of current name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C81A62CE2160A" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" box="[109,686,1270,1293]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6D3C81A62F9D160A" authority=": Shaw, 1800: 431" authorityName="Shaw" authorityPageNumber="431" authorityYear="1800" box="[109,465,1270,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C81A62F58160A" box="[109,276,1270,1293]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Viverra sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C7281A62F9D160A" author="SHAW, G." box="[291,465,1270,1293]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="ref10722" refString="SHAW, G. 1800. General zoology or systematic natural history, vol. I. Part 1. Mammalia. Thomas Davison, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1800">Shaw, 1800:431</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C80462CBF162A" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" box="[109,755,1302,1325]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C80462E31162A" box="[109,125,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6DD680462E9F162A" box="[135,211,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">utorius</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6DB380462F0E162A" box="[226,322,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">sibericus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C0180462C59162A" author="GRIFFITH, E." box="[336,533,1302,1325]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="ref8824" refString="GRIFFITH, E. 1827. The Animal Kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed volume the fifth. G. B. Whittaker, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1827">Griffith, 1827:122</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C80662F1E166A" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6D3C80662F7D164A" ID-CoL="44QYR" baseAuthorityName="Griffith" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[109,305,1334,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subhemachalana">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C80662E8F164A" box="[109,195,1334,1357]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Mustela</emphasis>
|
||
<insertion id="204DE6B60B48A60E6D9D80662F7D164A" box="[204,305,1334,1357]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D8480662F7D164A" box="[213,305,1334,1357]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Putorius</emphasis>
|
||
</insertion>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6C1280662FBB164A" box="[323,503,1334,1357]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">subhemachalana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6F5180662C94164A" author="HODGSON, B." box="[512,728,1334,1357]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="560 - 565" refId="ref8940" refString="HODGSON, B. 1837. On a new genus of the Plantigrades. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6: 560 - 565." type="journal article" year="1837">Hodgson, 1837:563</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B48A60E6FB280662D54164A" box="[739,792,1334,1357]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B48A60E6DA780062F1E166A" box="[246,338,1366,1389]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B48A60E6C5180062F09166A" box="[256,325,1366,1389]" name="Nepal" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C80262D49168A" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" box="[109,773,1398,1421]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C80262ECF168A" box="[109,131,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">M</emphasis>
|
||
<insertion id="204DE6B60B48A60E6DD580262E99168A" box="[132,213,1398,1421]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6DDD80262E80168A" box="[140,204,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">ustela</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
</insertion>
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D8D80262F75168A" box="[220,313,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">canigula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C1180262C59168A" author="HODGSON, B." box="[320,533,1398,1421]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="275 - 289" refId="ref8967" refString="HODGSON, B. 1842. Notice of the mammals of Tibet, with descriptions and plates of some new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11: 275 - 289." type="journal article" year="1842">Hodgson, 1842:280</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B48A60E6F4E80262C18168A" box="[543,596,1398,1421]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B48A60E6FE080262D49168A" box="[689,773,1398,1421]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B48A60E6FEA80262CB4168A" box="[699,760,1398,1421]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Tibet</collectingRegion>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C80C62CB916AA" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" box="[109,757,1430,1453]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<insertion id="204DE6B60B48A60E6D3C80C62E9916AA" box="[109,213,1430,1453]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6D2780C62E8016AA" ID-CoL="5VXQ" authority="Blyth, 1842" box="[118,204,1430,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D2780C62E8016AA" box="[118,204,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Mustela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
</insertion>
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D8D80C62F0A16AA" box="[220,326,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C1C80C62FBC16AA" author="BLYTH, E." box="[333,496,1430,1453]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="91 - 116" refId="ref8332" refString="BLYTH, E. 1842. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11: 91 - 116." type="journal article" year="1842">Blyth, 1842:99</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B48A60E6CAB80C62C6316AA" box="[506,559,1430,1453]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B48A60E6FDD80C62CB916AA" box="[652,757,1430,1453]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B48A60E6FC480C62CA416AA" box="[661,744,1430,1453]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C80E62F5A16EA" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6D3C80E62C4A16CA" ID-CoL="44QX2" authority="Gray, 1843: 118" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1843" box="[109,518,1462,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hodgsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C80E62F7716CA" box="[109,315,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Mustela hodgsoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C0180E62C4A16CA" author="GRAY, J. E." box="[336,518,1462,1485]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="117 - 119" refId="ref8749" refString="GRAY, J. E. 1843. Descriptions of some new genera and species of Mammalia in the British Museum Collection. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 11: 117 - 119." type="journal article" year="1843">Gray, 1843:118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B48A60E6F4E80E62C1816CA" box="[543,596,1462,1485]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B48A60E6F9E80E62F5A16EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B48A60E6F8880E62D5816CA" box="[729,788,1462,1485]" name="India" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Himalaya.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C80A62EA9152A" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6D3C80A62C4C150A" ID-CoL="44QX3" authority="Gray, 1843: 118" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1843" box="[109,512,1526,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horsfieldii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C80A62F73150A" box="[109,319,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Mustela horsfieldii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C1E80A62C4C150A" author="GRAY, J. E." box="[335,512,1526,1549]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="117 - 119" refId="ref8749" refString="GRAY, J. E. 1843. Descriptions of some new genera and species of Mammalia in the British Museum Collection. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 11: 117 - 119." type="journal article" year="1843">Gray, 1843:118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B48A60E6F4580A62C05150A" box="[532,585,1526,1549]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B48A60E6FE880A62EA9152A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B48A60E6F9380A62D58150A" box="[706,788,1526,1549]" name="Bhutan" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B48A60E6DCC83462E9B152A" box="[157,215,1558,1581]" name="India" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C83662CD9154A" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" box="[109,661,1590,1613]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6D3C83662FFA154A" authority=": Gray, 1865: 117" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="117" authorityYear="1865" box="[109,438,1590,1613]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Vison" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C83662F4C154A" box="[109,256,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Vison sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C5F83662FFA154A" author="GRAY, J. E." box="[270,438,1590,1613]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="100 - 154" refId="ref8793" refString="GRAY, J. E. 1865. Revision of the genera and species of Mustelidae contained in the British Museum. Journal of Zoology 33: 100 - 154." type="journal article" year="1865">Gray, 1865:117</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C83062FDD15AA" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6D3C83062C3B156A" ID-CoL="996e3fa3-2d06-4d7f-acb3-dec95feddfa8" authority="Milne Edwards, 1871: 205" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityPageNumber="205" authorityYear="1871" box="[109,631,1622,1645]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontanierii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C83062F0B156A" box="[109,327,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Putorius fontanierii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C0283062C3B156A" author="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H." box="[339,631,1622,1645]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="ref9959" refString="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H. 1871. Etudes pour servir a l'Hisotire de la Faune Mammalogique del la Chine. Pp. 67 - 229 in Recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des mammiferes comprenant des considerations sur la classification de ces animaux. Vol. I [1868 - 1874]. Masson, Paris, France." type="book" year="1871">Milne Edwards, 1871:205</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B48A60E6FD683062CF0156A" box="[647,700,1622,1645]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B48A60E6DCC83262F56158A" box="[157,282,1654,1677]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
“la
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B48A60E6D9683262F40158A" box="[199,268,1654,1677]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Chine</collectingCountry>
|
||
;”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
description based on a specimen obtained by M. Fontanier in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B48A60E6C1B83C62FC115AA" box="[330,397,1686,1709]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C83E62F8115EA" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6D3C83E62C3515CA" ID-CoL="2985892f-c867-475b-956e-7f6424996290" authority="Milne Edwards, 1874: 343" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityPageNumber="343" authorityYear="1874" box="[109,633,1718,1741]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="davidianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C83E62F0615CA" box="[109,330,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Putorius davidianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C0783E62C3515CA" author="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H." box="[342,633,1718,1741]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="ref10020" refString="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H. 1874. Memoire sur la Faune Mammalogique du Tibet Oriental et Principalement de la Principaute Moupin. Pp. 231 - 379 in Recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des mammiferes comprenant des considerations sur la classification de ces animaux. Vol. I [1868 - 1874]. Masson, Paris, France." type="book" year="1874">Milne Edwards, 1874:343</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B48A60E6FD983E62CF115CA" box="[648,701,1718,1741]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B48A60E6DCC83862F8115EA" box="[157,461,1750,1773]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
“Kiang-si, [Moupin,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B48A60E6C2C83862FF615EA" box="[381,442,1750,1773]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Tibet</collectingRegion>
|
||
].”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6D3C83A62FD2142A" blockId="0.[109,792,1110,1837]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6D3C83A62C32140A" ID-CoL="69ab55a7-5474-47dd-9a1b-73773060577b" authority="Milne Edwards, 1874: 347" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityPageNumber="347" authorityYear="1874" box="[109,638,1782,1805]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moupinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6D3C83A62F1B140A" box="[109,343,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Putorius moupinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B48A60E6C3083A62C32140A" author="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H." box="[353,638,1782,1805]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="ref10020" refString="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H. 1874. Memoire sur la Faune Mammalogique du Tibet Oriental et Principalement de la Principaute Moupin. Pp. 231 - 379 in Recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des mammiferes comprenant des considerations sur la classification de ces animaux. Vol. I [1868 - 1874]. Masson, Paris, France." type="book" year="1874">Milne Edwards, 1874:347</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B48A60E6FDB83A62CF3140A" box="[650,703,1782,1805]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B48A60E6DCE82462FD2142A" box="[159,414,1814,1837]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">“Moupin in Szechwan.”</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E9B7D1FF0B48A60E6E1B83A92B3E142B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573579" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573579/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" startId="0.[842,877,1785,1806]" targetBox="[916,1449,1001,1772]" targetPageId="0">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B48A60E6E1B83A92B3E142B" blockId="0.[842,1525,1785,1836]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6E1B83A92DC21409" bold="true" box="[842,910,1785,1806]" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
—Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B48A60E6EB783AA2ACB1408" ID-CoL="44QYK" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[998,1159,1786,1807]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B48A60E6EB783AA2ACB1408" box="[998,1159,1786,1807]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Longleat Safari Park, Britain. Used with permission from photographer Clare Bambers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C859B2F991205" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C859B2F2413E5" box="[109,360,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C859B2F6713E5" ID-CoL="5KSSD" authority="Barrett-Hamilton, 1904" box="[109,299,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">Putorius sibiricus</taxonomicName>
|
||
miles
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Barrett-Hamilton, 1904:391.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6FF0859B2C9A13E5" box="[673,726,203,226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6D9185BB2F991205" box="[192,469,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">“Dauria, Eastern Siberia.”</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C845B2F911245" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C845B2C831225" ID-CoL="5KSSD" authority="Barrett-Hamilton, 1904: 391" authorityName="Barrett-Hamilton" authorityPageNumber="391" authorityYear="1904" box="[109,719,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sibiricus" subSpecies="noctis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C845B2FCB1225" box="[109,391,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Putorius sibiricus noctis</emphasis>
|
||
Barrett-Hamilton, 1904:391
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6FB2845B2D541225" box="[739,792,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6DA5847B2F911245" box="[244,477,299,322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
“San-yen-tze,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B49A60F6CDC847B2F9C1245" box="[397,464,299,322]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C841B2F5D1285" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C841B2C5F1265" ID-CoL="e0399cb7-8f39-45b4-9cd7-159f3e64b881" authority="Matschie, 1907: 150" authorityName="Matschie" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1907" box="[109,531,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stegmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C841B2F761265" box="[109,314,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Lutreola stegmanni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C6F841B2C5F1265" author="MATSCHIE, P." box="[318,531,331,354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref9854" refString="MATSCHIE, P. 1907. 4. Mammalia. Pp. 133 - 244 in Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition Filchner nach China und Tibet (W. Filchner, ed.). Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn, Berlin, Germany." type="book" year="1907">Matschie, 1907:150</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6F4B841B2C031265" box="[538,591,331,354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6FF9841B2F5D1285" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">“Tsingtao, Shantung.”</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C84DB2FDE12C5" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C84DB2C4B12A5" ID-CoL="55085df9-7c97-47f1-bffa-ee4485aaac1c" authority="Thomas, 1908: 53" authorityName="Thomas" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1908" box="[109,519,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpartis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C84DB2F7212A5" box="[109,318,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Lutreola quelpartis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C1684DB2C4B12A5" author="THOMAS, O." box="[327,519,395,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="47 - 55" refId="ref11084" refString="THOMAS, O. 1908. The Duke of Bedford's zoological exploration in Eastern Asia. - VII List of mammals from the Tsu-shima Islands. Proceedings of Zoological Society of London 47: 47 - 55." type="journal article" year="1908">Thomas, 1908:53</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6F4584DB2C0512A5" box="[532,585,395,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6FFA84DB2FDE12C5" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
“Island of Quelpart, S. of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B49A60F6C1084FB2FC912C5" box="[321,389,427,450]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C849B2CBD12E5" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" box="[109,753,459,482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C849B2C4D12E5" ID-CoL="afca143d-2ba6-4128-8ac4-101d85c1b1aa" authority="Hilzheimer, 1910: 310" authorityName="Hilzheimer" authorityPageNumber="310" authorityYear="1910" box="[109,513,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C849B2F4312E5" box="[109,271,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Lutreola major</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C44849B2C4D12E5" author="HILZHEIMER, V. D. M." box="[277,513,459,482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="310 - 311" refId="ref8918" refString="HILZHEIMER, V. D. M. 1910. Neue tibetanische Saugetierre. Zoologischer Anzeiger 35: 310 - 311." type="journal article" year="1910">Hilzheimer, 1910:310</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6F5A849B2C0C12E5" box="[523,576,459,482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6FCC849B2CBD12E5" box="[669,753,459,482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B49A60F6FF6849B2CA812E5" box="[679,740,459,482]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Tibet</collectingRegion>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C84BB2CA41105" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" box="[109,744,491,514]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C84BB2FB51105" ID-CoL="2c86981d-d284-4e51-8f16-63ea7c8d8e74" authority="Hilzheimer, 1910: 310" authorityName="Hilzheimer" authorityPageNumber="310" authorityYear="1910" box="[109,505,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tafeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C84BB2F4A1105" box="[109,262,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Lutreola tafeli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C5D84BB2FB51105" author="HILZHEIMER, V. D. M." box="[268,505,491,514]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="310 - 311" refId="ref8918" refString="HILZHEIMER, V. D. M. 1910. Neue tibetanische Saugetierre. Zoologischer Anzeiger 35: 310 - 311." type="journal article" year="1910">Hilzheimer, 1910:310</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6F5384BB2C7B1105" box="[514,567,491,514]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6FC584BB2CA41105" box="[660,744,491,514]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B49A60F6FCF84BB2C971105" box="[670,731,491,514]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Tibet</collectingRegion>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C875B2F5D1145" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C875B2C311125" ID-CoL="5J7KX" authority="Satunin, 1911: 266" authorityName="Satunin" authorityPageNumber="266" authorityYear="1911" box="[109,637,523,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Kolonokus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sibiricus" subSpecies="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C875B2FE61125" box="[109,426,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Kolonokus sibiricus australis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6CE5875B2C311125" author="SATUNIN, K. A." box="[436,637,523,546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="243 - 280" refId="ref10589" refString="SATUNIN, K. A. 1911. K sistematike sem. Mustelidae. I-IV [On the systematics of the family Mustelidae. I-IV]. Izvestiya Kavkazskago Muzeya 5: 243 - 280 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1911">Satunin, 1911:266</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6FDB875B2CF31125" box="[650,703,523,546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6DCC877B2F5D1145" box="[157,273,555,578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B49A60F6DF6877B2F481145" box="[167,260,555,578]" country="Russia" name="Tyumen'" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Tyumen</collectingRegion>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C871B2F621185" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C871B2ECF1165" box="[109,131,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M</emphasis>
|
||
<insertion id="204DE6B60B49A60F6DD5871B2E991165" box="[132,213,587,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6DDD871B2E801165" box="[140,204,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">ustela</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
</insertion>
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6DA3871B2F3D1165" box="[242,369,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">manchurica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6CDE871B2C1A1165" author="BRASS, E." box="[399,598,587,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref8357" refString="BRASS, E. 1911. Aus dem Reiche der Pelze. Im Verlage der Neuen Pelzwaren-Zeitung, Berlin, Germany." type="book" year="1911">Brass, 1911:262</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6F27871B2CE71165" box="[630,683,587,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6DCC873B2F621185" box="[157,302,619,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">“Manchuria.”</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C87DB2F5B11C5" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C87DB2F7A11A5" ID-CoL="73R2N" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[109,310,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taivana">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C87DB2E8F11A5" box="[109,195,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mustela</emphasis>
|
||
<insertion id="204DE6B60B49A60F6D8387DB2F7A11A5" box="[210,310,651,674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D8A87DB2F7A11A5" box="[219,310,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Lutreola</emphasis>
|
||
</insertion>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6C1F87DB2FD211A5" box="[334,414,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">taivana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6CFD87DB2C3D11A5" author="THOMAS, O." box="[428,625,651,674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="88 - 92" refId="ref11122" refString="THOMAS, O. 1913. Some new Ferae from Asia and Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 12: 88 - 92." type="journal article" year="1913">Thomas, 1913:91</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6FD587DB2CF511A5" box="[644,697,651,674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6DCC87FB2F5B11C5" box="[157,279,683,706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B49A60F6DF687FB2F4611C5" box="[167,266,683,706]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Formosa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C879B2F661005" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C879B2CFB11E5" authority="sibirica Satunin, 1914: 124" authorityName="Satunin" authorityPageNumber="124" authorityYear="1914" box="[109,695,715,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Kolonocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sibirica" subSpecies="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C879B2FF011E5" box="[109,444,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Kolonocus sibirica sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C8B879B2CFB11E5" author="SATUNIN, K. A." box="[474,695,715,738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref10629" refString="SATUNIN, K. A. 1914. Opredelitel' mlekopitayushchikh Rossiiskoi imperii, V. 1. [A guide to the mammals of Imperial Russia, No. 1]. Tiflis 1: 1 - 410 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1914">Satunin, 1914:124</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C865B2EAE1045" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C865B2C561025" ID-CoL="44QWX" authority="Thomas, 1921: 500" authorityName="Thomas" authorityPageNumber="500" authorityYear="1921" box="[109,538,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamptoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C865B2F741025" box="[109,312,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mustela hamptoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C17865B2C561025" author="THOMAS, O." box="[326,538,779,802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="499 - 501" refId="ref11157" refString="THOMAS, O. 1921. On small mammals from Kachin province, northern Burma. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 27: 499 - 501." type="journal article" year="1921">Thomas, 1921:500</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6F7C865B2C2E1025" box="[557,610,779,802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6F81865B2EAE1045" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">“Imaw Bum.”</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C861B2F011085" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C861B2C9C1065" ID-CoL="5J7KV" authority="Domaniewski, 1926: 55" authorityName="Domaniewski" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1926" box="[109,720,843,866]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Kolonocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sibiricus" subSpecies="coreanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C861B2FF01065" box="[109,444,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Kolonocus sibiricus coreanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C9A861B2C9C1065" author="DOMANIEWSKI, J." box="[459,720,843,866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="55" refId="ref8582" refString="DOMANIEWSKI, J. 1926. Neue saugetierformen aut nordasien. Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5: 55." type="journal article" year="1926">Domaniewski, 1926:55</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6FB2861B2D541065" box="[739,792,843,866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6DA5863B2F011085" box="[244,333,875,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B49A60F6DAF863B2F731085" box="[254,319,875,898]" country="South Korea" name="Seoul" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Seoul</collectingRegion>
|
||
.”
|
||
</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C86DB2F4A10C5" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C86DB2CC910A5" ID-CoL="5J7KW" authority="Kishida, 1931: 380" authorityName="Kishida" authorityPageNumber="380" authorityYear="1931" box="[109,645,907,930]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Kolonocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sibiricus" subSpecies="peninsulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C86DB2FF510A5" box="[109,441,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Kolonocus sibiricus peninsulae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6CEF86DB2CC910A5" author="KISHIDA, K." box="[446,645,907,930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="372 - 391" refId="ref9215" refString="KISHIDA, K. 1931. On the distribution of land mammals of Korea. Doubutsugaku Zasshi 43: 372 - 391 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1931">Kishida, 1931:380</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6FDF86DB2C8F10A5" box="[654,707,907,930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C869B2C681705" blockId="1.[109,793,203,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6D3C869B2F8210E5" ID-CoL="44QYK" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1773" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[109,462,971,994]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C869B2E8F10E5" box="[109,195,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mustela</emphasis>
|
||
<insertion id="204DE6B60B49A60F6D8E869B2F2E10E5" box="[223,354,971,994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6DB9869B2F1510E5" box="[232,345,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Kolonocus</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
</insertion>
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6C2C869B2F8210E5" box="[381,462,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6CBA869B2C3F10E5" box="[491,627,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">charbinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6FDF869B2EB41705" author="LOWKASHKIN, A." pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="47 - 51" refId="ref9673" refString="LOWKASHKIN, A. 1934. A new form of kolonock or mink from North Manchuria. China Journal of Science and Arts 20: 47 - 51." type="journal article" year="1934">Lowkashkin, 1934:49</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="62733FD50B49A60F6C5386BB2F7B1705" box="[258,311,1003,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<quote id="CF3776650B49A60F6CC586BB2C681705" box="[404,548,1003,1026]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">“Manchuria.”</quote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C81692C5117F7" blockId="1.[109,792,1081,1264]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6C9E81692C771757" ID-CoL="VS" authorityName="Bowdich" authorityYear="1821" box="[463,571,1081,1104]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
, family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6FCA81692D581757" ID-CoL="CZT" box="[667,788,1081,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Mustelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6DB381092F101777" ID-CoL="JXN" box="[226,348,1113,1136]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Twelve subspecies are currently recognized, 11 listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C1381292C411797" author="WOZENCRAFT, W." box="[322,525,1145,1168]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref11255" refString="WOZENCRAFT, W. 2005. Order Carnivora. Pp. 532 - 628 in Mammal species of the world (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). 3 rd ed. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland." type="book" year="2005">Wozencraft (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6F1681292D541797" box="[583,792,1145,1168]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Kolonocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sibirica" subSpecies="taivana">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6F1681292D541797" box="[583,792,1145,1168]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica taivana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6DAA81C92F9C17B7" author="SUZUKI, S." box="[251,464,1177,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="575 - 581" refId="ref10854" refString="SUZUKI, S., ET AL. 2013. Insular variation of the craniodental morphology in the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75: 575 - 581." type="journal article" year="2013">Suzuki et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. A revision of subspecies taxonomy, however, is needed as up to 22 subspecies have been proposed (Larivière and Jennings 2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C80492C131637" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" box="[109,607,1305,1328]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C80492F4A1637" box="[109,262,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s. canigula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C5D80492FAE1637" author="HODGSON, B." box="[268,482,1305,1328]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="275 - 289" refId="ref8967" refString="HODGSON, B. 1842. Notice of the mammals of Tibet, with descriptions and plates of some new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11: 275 - 289." type="journal article" year="1842">Hodgson, 1842:280</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. See above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C80692CEC1657" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" box="[109,672,1337,1360]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C80692F7D1657" box="[109,305,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s. charbinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C6680692C6E1657" author="LOWKASHKIN, A." box="[311,546,1337,1360]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="47 - 51" refId="ref9673" refString="LOWKASHKIN, A. 1934. A new form of kolonock or mink from North Manchuria. China Journal of Science and Arts 20: 47 - 51." type="journal article" year="1934">Lowkashkin, 1934:49</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. See above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C80092FB11697" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C80092F5C1677" box="[109,272,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s. coreanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C4880092C5B1677" author="DOMANIEWSKI, J." box="[281,535,1369,1392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="55" refId="ref8582" refString="DOMANIEWSKI, J. 1926. Neue saugetierformen aut nordasien. Annales Zoologici Musei Polonici Historiae Naturalis 5: 55." type="journal article" year="1926">Domaniewski, 1926:55</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. See above;
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6FF580092D541677" box="[676,792,1369,1392]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">peninsulae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6DCC80292F2E1697" author="KISHIDA, K." box="[157,354,1401,1424]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="372 - 391" refId="ref9215" refString="KISHIDA, K. 1931. On the distribution of land mammals of Korea. Doubutsugaku Zasshi 43: 372 - 391 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1931">Kishida, 1931:380</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is a synonym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C80C92C2E16D7" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C80C92F5016B7" box="[109,284,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s. davidiana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C7780C92C0416B7" author="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H." box="[294,584,1433,1456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref10020" refString="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H. 1874. Memoire sur la Faune Mammalogique du Tibet Oriental et Principalement de la Principaute Moupin. Pp. 231 - 379 in Recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des mammiferes comprenant des considerations sur la classification de ces animaux. Vol. I [1868 - 1874]. Masson, Paris, France." type="book" year="1874">Milne Edwards, 1874:343</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. See above;
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6F8980C92D5416B7" box="[728,792,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">noctis</emphasis>
|
||
Barrett-Hamilton, 1904:391 is a synonym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C80892C191517" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C80892EEB16F7" box="[109,167,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6DE280892C1E16F7" ID-CoL="996e3fa3-2d06-4d7f-acb3-dec95feddfa8" authority="Milne Edwards, 1874: 205" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityPageNumber="205" authorityYear="1874" box="[179,594,1497,1520]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontanierii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6DE280892F6816F7" box="[179,292,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">fontanierii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C7E80892C1E16F7" author="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H." box="[303,594,1497,1520]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref10020" refString="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H. 1874. Memoire sur la Faune Mammalogique du Tibet Oriental et Principalement de la Principaute Moupin. Pp. 231 - 379 in Recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des mammiferes comprenant des considerations sur la classification de ces animaux. Vol. I [1868 - 1874]. Masson, Paris, France." type="book" year="1874">Milne Edwards, 1874:205</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See above;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6FB480892FF71517" ID-CoL="e0399cb7-8f39-45b4-9cd7-159f3e64b881" authority="Matschie, 1907: 150" authorityName="Matschie" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stegmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6FB480892EAC1517" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">stegmanni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6DB680A92FF71517" author="MATSCHIE, P." box="[231,443,1529,1552]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref9854" refString="MATSCHIE, P. 1907. 4. Mammalia. Pp. 133 - 244 in Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition Filchner nach China und Tibet (W. Filchner, ed.). Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn, Berlin, Germany." type="book" year="1907">Matschie, 1907:150</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C83492C741537" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" box="[109,568,1561,1584]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C83492EEE1537" box="[109,162,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6DF883492FF51537" ID-CoL="44QX2" authority="Gray, 1843: 118" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1843" box="[169,441,1561,1584]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hodgsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6DF883492F471537" box="[169,267,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">hodgsoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C4083492FF51537" author="GRAY, J. E." box="[273,441,1561,1584]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="117 - 119" refId="ref8749" refString="GRAY, J. E. 1843. Descriptions of some new genera and species of Mammalia in the British Museum Collection. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 11: 117 - 119." type="journal article" year="1843">Gray, 1843:118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C83692C101557" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" box="[109,604,1593,1616]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C83692F641557" box="[109,296,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s. manchurica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C7F83692F931557" author="BRASS, E." box="[302,479,1593,1616]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref8357" refString="BRASS, E. 1911. Aus dem Reiche der Pelze. Im Verlage der Neuen Pelzwaren-Zeitung, Berlin, Germany." type="book" year="1911">Brass, 1911:262</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. See above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C83092C2915B7" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C83092EEE1577" box="[109,162,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6DF883092C031577" ID-CoL="69ab55a7-5474-47dd-9a1b-73773060577b" authority="Milne Edwards, 1874: 347" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityPageNumber="347" authorityYear="1874" box="[169,591,1625,1648]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moupinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6DF883092F621577" box="[169,302,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">moupinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C6483092C031577" author="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H." box="[309,591,1625,1648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref10020" refString="MILNE EDWARDS, M. H. 1874. Memoire sur la Faune Mammalogique du Tibet Oriental et Principalement de la Principaute Moupin. Pp. 231 - 379 in Recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des mammiferes comprenant des considerations sur la classification de ces animaux. Vol. I [1868 - 1874]. Masson, Paris, France." type="book" year="1874">Milne Edwards, 1874:347</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See above;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6F8583092FD11597" ID-CoL="44QWX" authority="Thomas, 1921: 500" authorityName="Thomas" authorityPageNumber="500" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamptoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6F8583092E8A1597" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">hamptoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6D8183292FD11597" author="THOMAS, O." box="[208,413,1657,1680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="499 - 501" refId="ref11157" refString="THOMAS, O. 1921. On small mammals from Kachin province, northern Burma. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 27: 499 - 501." type="journal article" year="1921">Thomas, 1921:500</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6CFD83292CAF1597" ID-CoL="afca143d-2ba6-4128-8ac4-101d85c1b1aa" authority="Hilzheimer, 1910: 310" authorityName="Hilzheimer" authorityPageNumber="310" authorityYear="1910" box="[428,739,1657,1680]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6CFD83292FA01597" box="[428,492,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">major</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6CA483292CAF1597" author="HILZHEIMER, V. D. M." box="[501,739,1657,1680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="310 - 311" refId="ref8918" refString="HILZHEIMER, V. D. M. 1910. Neue tibetanische Saugetierre. Zoologischer Anzeiger 35: 310 - 311." type="journal article" year="1910">Hilzheimer, 1910:310</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6DCC83C92F8815B7" ID-CoL="2c86981d-d284-4e51-8f16-63ea7c8d8e74" authority="Hilzheimer, 1910: 310" authorityName="Hilzheimer" authorityPageNumber="310" authorityYear="1910" box="[157,452,1689,1712]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tafeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6DCC83C92E9815B7" box="[157,212,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">tafeli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6D8A83C92F8815B7" author="HILZHEIMER, V. D. M." box="[219,452,1689,1712]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="310 - 311" refId="ref8918" refString="HILZHEIMER, V. D. M. 1910. Neue tibetanische Saugetierre. Zoologischer Anzeiger 35: 310 - 311." type="journal article" year="1910">Hilzheimer, 1910:310</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are synonyms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C83E92C1C15D7" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" box="[109,592,1721,1744]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C83E92EEE15D7" box="[109,162,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6DF883E92F9E15D7" ID-CoL="55085df9-7c97-47f1-bffa-ee4485aaac1c" authority="Thomas 1908: 53" authorityName="Thomas" authorityPageNumber="53" authorityYear="1908" box="[169,466,1721,1744]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpartis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6DF883E92F5915D7" box="[169,277,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">quelpartis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C4A83E92F9E15D7" author="THOMAS, O." box="[283,466,1721,1744]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="47 - 55" refId="ref11084" refString="THOMAS, O. 1908. The Duke of Bedford's zoological exploration in Eastern Asia. - VII List of mammals from the Tsu-shima Islands. Proceedings of Zoological Society of London 47: 47 - 55." type="journal article" year="1908">Thomas 1908:53</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C83892D5F1417" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C83892EEA15F7" box="[109,166,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6DE083892F8B15F7" authority="Pallas, 1773: 701" authorityName="Pallas" authorityPageNumber="701" authorityYear="1773" box="[177,455,1753,1776]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Kolonocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6DE083892F4E15F7" box="[177,258,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C5F83892F8B15F7" author="PALLAS, P. S." box="[270,455,1753,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref10243" refString="PALLAS, P. S. 1773. Reise durch Verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. Vol. 3. Kayserlichen Academie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersbourg, Russia." type="book" year="1773">Pallas, 1773:701</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See above;
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6F0983892CF915F7" box="[600,693,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">australis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6F9183892F4E1417" author="SATUNIN, K. A." pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="243 - 280" refId="ref10589" refString="SATUNIN, K. A. 1911. K sistematike sem. Mustelidae. I-IV [On the systematics of the family Mustelidae. I-IV]. Izvestiya Kavkazskago Muzeya 5: 243 - 280 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1911">
|
||
Satunin, 1911:
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B49A60F6D8783A92F4E1417" box="[214,258,1785,1808]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5061632" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" unit="mi" value="280.0">280</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6C5883A92F0D1417" box="[265,321,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">miles</emphasis>
|
||
Barrett-Hamilton, 1904:391 are synonyms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C82492F5D1477" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C82492F2F1437" box="[109,355,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s. subhemachalana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6C3F82492C0B1437" author="HODGSON, B." box="[366,583,1817,1840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="560 - 565" refId="ref8940" refString="HODGSON, B. 1837. On a new genus of the Plantigrades. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6: 560 - 565." type="journal article" year="1837">Hodgson, 1837:563</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. See above;
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6F8482492E821457" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6D8B82692FCC1457" author="BLYTH, E." box="[218,384,1849,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="91 - 116" refId="ref8332" refString="BLYTH, E. 1842. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11: 91 - 116." type="journal article" year="1842">Blyth, 1842:99</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6C9182692CAB1457" ID-CoL="44QX3" authority="Gray, 1843: 118" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="118" authorityYear="1843" box="[448,743,1849,1872]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horsfieldii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6C9182692C601457" box="[448,556,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">horsfieldii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6F6882692CAB1457" author="GRAY, J. E." box="[569,743,1849,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="117 - 119" refId="ref8749" refString="GRAY, J. E. 1843. Descriptions of some new genera and species of Mammalia in the British Museum Collection. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 11: 117 - 119." type="journal article" year="1843">Gray, 1843:118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. are synonyms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B49A60F6D3C82292BE112C5" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6D3C82292BE112C5" blockId="1.[109,792,1305,1936]" lastBlockId="1.[839,1524,203,450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6D3C82292EB51497" box="[109,249,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. s. taivana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6DAE82292FF71497" author="THOMAS, O." box="[255,443,1913,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="88 - 92" refId="ref11122" refString="THOMAS, O. 1913. Some new Ferae from Asia and Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 12: 88 - 92." type="journal article" year="1913">Thomas, 1913:91</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. See above. NOMENCLATURAL NOTES.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6938859B2B6813E5" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1129,1316,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6938859B2B6813E5" box="[1129,1316,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been previously placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F693285BB2B0F1205" authority="(Shaw 1800)" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1123,1347,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F693285BB2AFE1205" box="[1123,1202,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Viverra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F699385BB2B751205" author="SHAW, G." box="[1218,1337,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref10722" refString="SHAW, G. 1800. General zoology or systematic natural history, vol. I. Part 1. Mammalia. Thomas Davison, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1800">Shaw 1800</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F68C985BB2DBD1225" authority="(Griffith 1827)" baseAuthorityName="Griffith" baseAuthorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F68C985BB2BB81205" box="[1432,1524,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Putorius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6E00845B2DAB1225" author="GRIFFITH, E." box="[849,999,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref8824" refString="GRIFFITH, E. 1827. The Animal Kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed volume the fifth. G. B. Whittaker, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1827">Griffith 1827</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6906845B2B7E1225" authority="(Gray 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1111,1330,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Vison" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6906845B2ADE1225" box="[1111,1170,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Vison</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F69FD845B2B641225" author="GRAY, J. E." box="[1196,1320,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="100 - 154" refId="ref8793" refString="GRAY, J. E. 1865. Revision of the genera and species of Mustelidae contained in the British Museum. Journal of Zoology 33: 100 - 154." type="journal article" year="1865">Gray 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F68C9845B2DB01245" authority="(Matschie 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Matschie" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F68C9845B2BBF1225" box="[1432,1523,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Lutreola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6E00847B2DBE1245" author="MATSCHIE, P." box="[849,1010,299,322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref9854" refString="MATSCHIE, P. 1907. 4. Mammalia. Pp. 133 - 244 in Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition Filchner nach China und Tibet (W. Filchner, ed.). Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn, Berlin, Germany." type="book" year="1907">Matschie 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6904847B2B381245" authority="(Satunin 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1109,1396,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Kolonokus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6904847B2A8A1245" box="[1109,1222,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Kolonokus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6988847B2B261245" author="SATUNIN, K. A." box="[1241,1386,299,322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="243 - 280" refId="ref10589" refString="SATUNIN, K. A. 1911. K sistematike sem. Mustelidae. I-IV [On the systematics of the family Mustelidae. I-IV]. Izvestiya Kavkazskago Muzeya 5: 243 - 280 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1911">Satunin 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6E19841B2A2C1265" authority="(Satunin 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[840,1120,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Kolonocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6E19841B2DF51265" box="[840,953,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Kolonocus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6E99841B2A191265" author="SATUNIN, K. A." box="[968,1109,331,354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref10629" refString="SATUNIN, K. A. 1914. Opredelitel' mlekopitayushchikh Rossiiskoi imperii, V. 1. [A guide to the mammals of Imperial Russia, No. 1]. Tiflis 1: 1 - 410 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1914">Satunin 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F69BA841B2B131265" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1259,1375,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F69BA841B2B131265" box="[1259,1375,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been placed under the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F693A843B2BC31285" authority="(Youngman 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Youngman" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1131,1423,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F693A843B2A8A1285" box="[1131,1222,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Lutreola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6987843B2BC91285" author="YOUNGMAN, P. M." box="[1238,1413,363,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref11427" refString="YOUNGMAN, P. M. 1982. Distribution and systematics of the European mink, Mustela lutreola Linnaeus, 1761. Acta Zoologica Fennica 166: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1982">Youngman 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and later in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6EAC84DB2B6212A5" authority="(Abramov 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Abramov" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1021,1326,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Kolonokus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6EAC84DB2A2212A5" box="[1021,1134,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Kolonokus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F69D184DB2B6F12A5" author="ABRAMOV, A." box="[1152,1315,395,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="357 - 364" refId="ref7868" refString="ABRAMOV, A. 1999. A taxonomic review of the genus Mustela (Mammalia, Carnivora). Zoosystematica Rossica 8: 357 - 364." type="journal article" year="1999">Abramov 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other vernacular names include the kolonok and kolinsky (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F685484FB2BD112C5" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[1285,1437,427,450]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="D447989C0B49A60F691D84AD2BE2151F" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B49A60F691D84AD2BE2151F" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F691D84AD2AA31110" blockId="1.[1100,1263,509,535]" box="[1100,1263,509,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<heading id="E63F361B0B49A60F691D84AD2AA31110" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1100,1263,509,535]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F691D84AD2AA31110" bold="true" box="[1100,1263,509,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6E2287112BE2151F" blockId="1.[838,1523,577,1560]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6E2287112A64115F" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[883,1064,577,600]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6E2287112A64115F" box="[883,1064,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs sympatrically with a variety of mustelids including ferret-badgers, martens, otters, and weasels and stoats (mustelines). Mustelines like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F69AF87D12B39119F" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1278,1397,641,664]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F69AF87D12B39119F" box="[1278,1397,641,664]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from many other mustelids by their small sizes and elongated bodies. In its natural ranges in Asia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F681C87912B8811DF" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1357,1476,705,728]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F681C87912B8811DF" box="[1357,1476,705,728]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from most sympatric mustelines—mountain weasel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6ECD86512A42101F" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" box="[924,1038,769,792]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altaica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6ECD86512A42101F" box="[924,1038,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. altaica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ermine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F692486512ABF101F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1141,1267,769,792]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F692486512ABF101F" box="[1141,1267,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. erminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, yellow-bellied weasel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6E1986712DF5103F" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1835" box="[840,953,801,824]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kathiah">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6E1986712DF5103F" box="[840,953,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. kathiah</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, least weasel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F691B86712AF8103F" box="[1098,1204,801,824]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F691B86712AF8103F" box="[1098,1204,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. nivalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the introduced American mink
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6ED986112A60105F" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[904,1068,833,856]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Neovison" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vison">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6ED986112A60105F" box="[904,1068,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Neovison vison</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—by the presence of a black mask on its face that surrounds its eyes, a white muzzle and chin, and a nearly completely monotone yellowish-brown coat in winter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F39DF20B49A60F68F386D12BAF109F" box="[1442,1507,897,920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="0.[842,877,1785,1806]" captionTargetBox="[916,1449,1001,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-401@0.[916,1449,1001,1772]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Fig. 1.—Adult Mustela sibirica from Longleat Safari Park, Britain. Used with permission from photographer Clare Bambers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573579/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sympatric Steppe polecat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F69D986F12B5310BF" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1160,1311,929,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F69D986F12B5310BF" box="[1160,1311,929,952]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also exhibits a dark mask that surrounds its eyes but the mask extends farther across its face toward the cheeks. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F69AA86B12BD910FF" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1275,1429,993,1016]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F69AA86B12BD910FF" box="[1275,1429,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a white band between the ears and eyes that crosses its head from cheek to cheek (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F697D81712AB8173F" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[1068,1268,1057,1080]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Larivière and Jennings 2009). Other characteristics that distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F686881112BFF175F" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1337,1459,1089,1112]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F686881112BFF175F" box="[1337,1459,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6E1981312DAE177F" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[840,994,1121,1144]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6E1981312DAE177F" box="[840,994,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are body size (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F69C081312B67177F" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1169,1323,1121,1144]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F69C081312B67177F" box="[1169,1323,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can attain a body mass twice that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F694C81D12AD8179F" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1053,1172,1153,1176]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F694C81D12AD8179F" box="[1053,1172,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and coat color (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F680981D12BBE179F" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1368,1522,1153,1176]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F680981D12BBE179F" box="[1368,1522,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a coat with a combination of yellowish-white and dark brown color, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F696D81912AFF17DF" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1084,1203,1217,1240]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F696D81912AFF17DF" box="[1084,1203,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a nearly completely monotone yellowish-brown coat in winter and a dark brown coat in summer—Heptner et al. 2001; Larivière and Jennings 2009). On the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, introduced populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F693980112A93165F" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1128,1247,1345,1368]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F693980112A93165F" box="[1128,1247,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur sympatrically with the Japanese weasel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F696080312AC3167F" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[1073,1167,1377,1400]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F696080312AC3167F" box="[1073,1167,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Characteristics that distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6E1980D12DF7169F" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[840,955,1409,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6E1980D12DF7169F" box="[840,955,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6EAD80D12A1F169F" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[1020,1107,1409,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6EAD80D12A1F169F" box="[1020,1107,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include body size (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F687280D12BDA169F" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1315,1430,1409,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F687280D12BDA169F" box="[1315,1430,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6E2E80F12D9516BF" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[895,985,1441,1464]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6E2E80F12D9516BF" box="[895,985,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the ratio of tail (T) length to body (HB) length (T/HB ratio is> 50% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F690680912A8016DF" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1111,1228,1473,1496]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F690680912A8016DF" box="[1111,1228,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the T/HB ratio is <40% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6EE180B12A4416FF" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[944,1032,1505,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6EE180B12A4416FF" box="[944,1032,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and coat color (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F699480B12B7516FF" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1221,1337,1505,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F699480B12B7516FF" box="[1221,1337,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a lighter brown coat than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6EAB83512A1E151F" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[1018,1106,1537,1560]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6EAB83512A1E151F" box="[1018,1106,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in winter—Masuda et al. 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="D447989C0B49A60C6EBA83042A2817C5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B49A60C6EBA83042A2817C5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6EBA83042B1C1569" blockId="1.[1003,1360,1620,1646]" box="[1003,1360,1620,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<heading id="E63F361B0B49A60F6EBA83042B1C1569" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1003,1360,1620,1646]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6EBA83042B1C1569" bold="true" box="[1003,1360,1620,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">GENERAL CHARACTERS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60F6E2283C72B601449" blockId="1.[840,1524,1687,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F6E2283C72A6715A9" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[883,1067,1687,1710]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F6E2283C72A6715A9" box="[883,1067,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sexually dimorphic and males are almost twice as heavy as females (Larivière and Jennings 2009). Body weight is
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B49A60F691383872AFA15E9" box="[1090,1206,1751,1774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" unit="g" value="735.0" valueMax="820.0" valueMin="650.0">650–820 g</quantity>
|
||
for males and
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B49A60F680B83872B8115E9" box="[1370,1485,1751,1774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" unit="g" value="395.0" valueMax="430.0" valueMin="360.0">360–430 g</quantity>
|
||
for females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F6EFA83A72A7E1409" author="HUNTER, L." box="[939,1074,1783,1806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref9049" refString="HUNTER, L. 2011. Carnivores of the world. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey." type="book" year="2011">Hunter 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Body length is
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B49A60F69BF83A72B161409" box="[1262,1370,1783,1806]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" unit="cm" value="33.5" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="28.0">28–39 cm</quantity>
|
||
for males and
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B49A60F6E1882472D8A1429" box="[841,966,1815,1838]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.775" metricValueMax="3.05" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" unit="cm" value="27.75" valueMax="30.5" valueMin="25.0">25–30.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
for females, and tail length is
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B49A60F685B82472BC41429" box="[1290,1416,1815,1838]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" unit="cm" value="18.25" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="15.5">15.5–21 cm</quantity>
|
||
for males and
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B49A60F6E2482672A441449" box="[885,1032,1847,1870]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4849999999999999" metricValueMax="1.64" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" unit="cm" value="14.85" valueMax="16.4" valueMin="13.3">13.3–16.4 cm</quantity>
|
||
for females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B49A60F69C782672B501449" author="HUNTER, L." box="[1174,1308,1847,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" refId="ref9049" refString="HUNTER, L. 2011. Carnivores of the world. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey." type="book" year="2011">Hunter 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B49A60C6E2282072C501285" blockId="1.[840,1524,1687,1934]" lastBlockId="2.[109,794,203,770]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Like other mustelines,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B49A60F693C82072AAF1469" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1133,1251,1879,1902]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B49A60F693C82072AAF1469" box="[1133,1251,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a long, slender body with short limbs. The summer pelage is characterized by short, coarse hair with a dark brown color almost completely covering the entire body and tail; the winter pelage is denser and pale, yellowish-brown in color (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6CC6845B2C3E1225" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[407,626,267,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Larivière and Jennings 2009). The face exhibits a dark mask around in front of the eyes with a white muzzle and chin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6F71841B2CEB1265" author="HUNTER, L." box="[544,679,331,354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" refId="ref9049" refString="HUNTER, L. 2011. Carnivores of the world. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey." type="book" year="2011">Hunter 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females have 4 pairs of mammae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6CD3843B2C401285" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[386,524,363,386]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" refId="ref10274" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1941. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Vol. II. Carnivora (suborders Aeluroidae (part) and Arctoidae). Taylor and Francis, Ltd, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1941">Pocock 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4AA60C6DC984DB2CCC11A5" blockId="2.[109,794,203,770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
The skull is characterized as long and narrow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6FD984DB2EEE12C5" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F39DF20B4AA60C6DE584FB2EBA12C5" box="[180,246,427,450]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[111,146,1837,1858]" captionTargetBox="[139,763,815,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-717@2.[139,763,815,1824]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of cranium and lateral view of mandible of an adult female Mustela sibirica. Photograph taken at the California Academy of Sciences (CAS-MAM 11668). Total skull length is 5.3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573581/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mean skull measurements (mm, with ranges in parenthesis) for adult male and female
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6F46849B2CEA12E5" box="[535,678,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4AA60C6F04849B2CEA12E5" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[597,678,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C6F9B849B2D5812E5" box="[714,788,459,482]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, respectively, were: condylobasal length, 61.7 (58.0–63.5), 52.8 (49.8–56.3); zygomatic breadth, 32.2 (28.7–35.7), 27.8 (26.4– 29.6); interorbital width, 11.7 (11.7–13.2), 11.0 (10.5–12.2); mastoid width, 27.5 (26.8–28.7), 24.3 (23.0–26.1—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6F93871B2EAE1185" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The skulls of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4AA60C6C82873B2C071185" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[467,587,619,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6C82873B2FA51185" box="[467,489,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6CAB873B2C071185" box="[506,587,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 16.25% larger than the skulls of females (Law and Mehta 2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4AA60C6DC987FB2DC110E5" blockId="2.[109,794,203,770]" lastBlockId="2.[838,1524,203,1218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
For mustelids in general, the degree of sexual dimorphism in body mass and length can be strongly impacted by the food supply for a cohort during growth, and dimorphism in body size often exceeds that for teeth and jaws (King and Powell 2007).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4AA60C6E1985BB2DF21205" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[840,958,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6E1985BB2DF21205" box="[840,958,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does exhibit sexual dimorphism in craniodental size but little in shape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C695F845B2AC71225" author="SHENG, H." box="[1038,1163,267,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="92 - 95" refId="ref10795" refString="SHENG, H. 1987. Sexual dimorphism and geographical variation in the body size of the yellow weasel (Mustela sibirica). Acta Theriologica Sinica 7: 92 - 95." type="journal article" year="1987">Sheng 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Abramov and Puzachenko 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6E19847B2A4A1245" author="SUZUKI, S. & M. ABE & M. MOTOKAWA" box="[840,1030,299,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="676 - 688" refId="ref10888" refString="SUZUKI, S., M. ABE, AND M. MOTOKAWA. 2011. Allometric comparison of skulls from two closely related weasels, Mustela itatsi and M. sibirica. Zoological Science 28: 676 - 688." type="journal article" year="2011">Suzuki et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Discriminant analyses using 45 craniodental linear measurements found the following characters contributed to larger skull size in males compared to females: relatively wide viscerocranium; wide postorbital constriction; a slender, long, and high neurocranium; short and wide auditory bullae; short carnassials; and a long and high mandible (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C684E849B2BAF12E5" author="SUZUKI, S. & M. ABE & M. MOTOKAWA" box="[1311,1507,459,482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="676 - 688" refId="ref10888" refString="SUZUKI, S., M. ABE, AND M. MOTOKAWA. 2011. Allometric comparison of skulls from two closely related weasels, Mustela itatsi and M. sibirica. Zoological Science 28: 676 - 688." type="journal article" year="2011">Suzuki et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The degree of sexual size dimorphism varies across the species’ geographic range (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C695E875B2AC01125" author="SHENG, H." box="[1039,1164,523,546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="92 - 95" refId="ref10795" refString="SHENG, H. 1987. Sexual dimorphism and geographical variation in the body size of the yellow weasel (Mustela sibirica). Acta Theriologica Sinica 7: 92 - 95." type="journal article" year="1987">Sheng 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Abramov and Puzachenko 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6E19877B2A4A1145" author="SUZUKI, S." box="[840,1030,555,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="575 - 581" refId="ref10854" refString="SUZUKI, S., ET AL. 2013. Insular variation of the craniodental morphology in the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75: 575 - 581." type="journal article" year="2013">Suzuki et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Abramov and Puzachenko (2009) found that the subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6EB2871B2AD51165" box="[995,1177,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">M. s. manchurica</emphasis>
|
||
of the Far East displays a greater degree of sexual size dimorphism than
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C69BC873B2B371185" box="[1261,1403,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4AA60C687B873B2B371185" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1322,1403,619,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
of western and central Siberia. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C696F87DB2ACC11A5" box="[1086,1152,651,674]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, populations occurring in the river plains near the Yangtze and Huai rivers are generally larger and exhibit greater sexual size dimorphism than conspecifics occurring in forest habitats of the Changbai Mountains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C683487BB2BAF1005" author="SHENG, H." box="[1381,1507,747,770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="92 - 95" refId="ref10795" refString="SHENG, H. 1987. Sexual dimorphism and geographical variation in the body size of the yellow weasel (Mustela sibirica). Acta Theriologica Sinica 7: 92 - 95." type="journal article" year="1987">Sheng 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, male and female individuals of insular populations exhibit smaller skull sizes; the subspecies
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C69AF867B2BC91045" box="[1278,1413,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">M. s. taivana</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C68F4867B2BBF1045" box="[1445,1523,811,834]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
exhibits significantly smaller skulls compared to
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C681F861B2BBE1065" box="[1358,1522,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">M. s. davidiana</emphasis>
|
||
of southeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C6E82863B2A5F1085" box="[979,1043,875,898]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6974863B2AA01085" author="SUZUKI, S." box="[1061,1260,875,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="575 - 581" refId="ref10854" refString="SUZUKI, S., ET AL. 2013. Insular variation of the craniodental morphology in the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75: 575 - 581." type="journal article" year="2013">Suzuki et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similarly, populations of
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6E3986DB2A4D10A5" box="[872,1025,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">M. s. coreana</emphasis>
|
||
in Tsushima Island are slightly smaller than populations of conspecifics found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C698786FB2B1010C5" box="[1238,1372,939,962]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C683D86FB2D3110E5" author="SUZUKI, S." pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="575 - 581" refId="ref10854" refString="SUZUKI, S., ET AL. 2013. Insular variation of the craniodental morphology in the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75: 575 - 581." type="journal article" year="2013">Suzuki et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4AA60C6E2286BB2A2817C5" blockId="2.[838,1524,203,1218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
The baculum is weakly curved; the distal tip is flattened and bent upwards, forming a slight hook (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6849815B2BA71725" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[1304,1515,1035,1058]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6E19817B2A011745" author="BARYSHNIKOV, G. F. & EMONDS, AND & A. V. ABRAMOV" box="[840,1101,1067,1090]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="673 - 690" refId="ref8281" refString="BARYSHNIKOV, G. F., O. R. P. BININDA- EMONDS, AND A. V. ABRAMOV. 2003. Morphological variability and evolution of the baculum (os penis) in Mustelidae (Carnivora). Journal of Mammalogy 84: 673 - 690." type="journal article" year="2003">Baryshnikov et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mean measurements (mm, ranges in parenthesis) for adult males and juvenile males, respectively, were: length, 33.9 (32.0–35.8), 32.2 (30.2 –34.2); width of base, 2.15 (0.6–3.7), 1.6 (0.5–2.7); height of base, 3.65 (2.0–5.3), 2.25 (1.5–3.0—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C6EED81FB2A1817C5" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[956,1108,1195,1218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="D447989C0B4AA60D696080502C0F149F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B4AA60D696080502C0F149F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4AA60C696080502B45161D" blockId="2.[1073,1289,1280,1306]" box="[1073,1289,1280,1306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<heading id="E63F361B0B4AA60C696080502B45161D" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1073,1289,1280,1306]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C696080502B45161D" bold="true" box="[1073,1289,1280,1306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4AA60C6E2280132AF7159D" blockId="2.[839,1523,1347,1946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4AA60C6E2280132A6C165D" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[883,1056,1347,1370]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6E2280132A6C165D" box="[883,1056,1347,1370]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed across Palearctic Asia, with natural populations ranging from the western base of the Ural Mountains of Siberia to the Far East and south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C68F480D32BBF169D" box="[1445,1523,1411,1434]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Himalayas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C697080F32AB216BD" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." box="[1057,1278,1443,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="25F39DF20B4AA60C685F80F32B0016BD" box="[1294,1356,1443,1466]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[109,144,1009,1030]" captionTargetBox="[337,1295,201,995]" captionTargetId="figure-508@3.[336,1296,200,996]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3.—Geographic distribution of Mustela sibirica. Map redrawn from Abramov et al. (2016). Subspecies are: 1) M. s. sibirica; 2) M. s. charbinensis and M. s. manchurica; 3) M. s. coreana; 4) M. s. fontanierii; 5) M. s. quelpartis; 6) M. s. davidiana; 7) M. s. taivana; 8) M. s. moupinensis; 9) M. s. canigula; 10) M. s. subhemachalana; and 11) M. s. hodgsoni. 12) Indicates invasive populations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573583/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C683580F32BBF16BD" box="[1380,1523,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4AA60C68F380F32BBF16BD" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1442,1523,1443,1466]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in all of Siberia, ranging from the Kostroma Oblast to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B4AA60C6E1980B32DCD16FD" box="[840,897,1507,1530]" degrees="63" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" precision="55555" value="63.0">63°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
in the Ural Mountains and the upper reaches of the Pur River and down south to the northern border of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C681883532B89151D" box="[1353,1477,1539,1562]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Altai Mountains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C697A83732AFA153D" author="BAKEEV, Y. N." box="[1067,1206,1571,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" refId="ref8172" refString="BAKEEV, Y. N. 1971. The distribution and population dynamics of the Siberian kolinsky in the western part of its range in the USSR. Pp. 149 - 159 in Biology of mustelids: some Soviet research (C. M. King, ed.). Vol. 2. Science Information Division, Wellington, New Zealand." type="book" year="1971">Bakeev 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C699583732B0B153D" author="KASSAL, B. Y." box="[1220,1351,1571,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="234 - 248" refId="ref9147" refString="KASSAL, B. Y. 2013. Mustela sibirica in the middle Irtysh zone. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 4: 234 - 248." type="journal article" year="2013">Kassal 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4AA60C680583732D31155D" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The range continues eastward through the Zeya Basin and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C6E1683332DE3157D" box="[839,943,1635,1658]" name="Mongolia" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and ends at the western parts of northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C68E383332BBE157D" box="[1458,1522,1635,1658]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Manchuria—Heptner et al. 2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4AA60D6E2283F32D4717DF" blockId="2.[839,1523,1347,1946]" lastBlockId="3.[108,794,1153,1945]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
Both
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6EE283F32ACF15BD" box="[947,1155,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">M. s. charbinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C699283F32BC515BD" box="[1219,1417,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">M. s. manchurica</emphasis>
|
||
occur in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C6E8383932A5E15DD" box="[978,1042,1731,1754]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Manchuria—Heptner et al. 2001); however, the exact ranges are unknown and the validity of these separate subspecies remains untested.
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C69EC82532B18141D" box="[1213,1364,1795,1818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">M. s. coreana</emphasis>
|
||
is endemic to the Korean Peninsula and to Tsushima,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4AA60C69AB82732B7B143D" box="[1274,1335,1827,1850]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sasaki and Ono 1994).
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6EC782132A05145D" box="[918,1097,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4AA60C6E8982132A05145D" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1874" box="[984,1097,1859,1882]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontanierii">fontanierii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in the northern parts of Anhui, eastern parts of Gansu, southern parts of Hebei, Henan, northern parts of Hubei, northern parts of Jiangsu, southern parts of Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai, and Shanxi (China—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6D3C81F12EAB17BF" author="ALLEN, G. M." box="[109,231,1185,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref8078" refString="ALLEN, G. M. 1929. Mustelids from the Asiatic expeditions. American Museum Novitates 51: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1929">Allen 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6DA981F12FFA17BF" author="SMITH, A." box="[248,438,1185,1208]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" refId="ref10828" refString="SMITH, A., ET AL. 2010. A guide to mammals in China. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey." type="book" year="2010">Smith et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6C9E81F22C3717BE" box="[463,635,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6F5E81F22C3717BE" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" box="[527,635,1186,1209]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpartis">quelpartis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is endemic to Jeju Island (formerly Quelpart Island),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D6F5E81912C0017DF" box="[527,588,1217,1240]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6F0A81912CB717DF" author="ABRAMOV, A." box="[603,763,1217,1240]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="109 - 113" refId="ref7895" refString="ABRAMOV, A. 2005. On a taxonomic position of the weasel (Carnivora, Mustela) from the Cheju Island (South Korea). Russian Journal of Theriology 4: 109 - 113." type="journal article" year="2005">Abramov 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E9B7D1FF0B4AA60C6D3E827D2F42149D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573581" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573581/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" startId="2.[111,146,1837,1858]" targetBox="[139,763,815,1824]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4AA60C6D3E827D2F42149D" blockId="2.[109,792,1837,1946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6D3E827D2EE21445" bold="true" box="[111,174,1837,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of cranium and lateral view of mandible of an adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4AA60C6CF6821B2C0A1467" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[423,582,1867,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4AA60C6CF6821B2C0A1467" box="[423,582,1867,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photograph taken at the California Academy of Sciences (CAS-MAM 11668). Total skull length is 5.3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E9B7D1FF0B4BA60D6D3C86A12A111746" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573583/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" startId="3.[109,144,1009,1030]" targetBox="[337,1295,201,995]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4BA60D6D3C86A12A111746" blockId="3.[109,1523,1009,1089]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6D3C86A12EE11701" bold="true" box="[109,173,1009,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
—Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6C9D86A12C261701" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[460,618,1009,1030]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6C9D86A12C261701" box="[460,618,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Map redrawn from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6E6286A12A461701" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." box="[819,1034,1009,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Subspecies are: 1)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D699F86A12B021701" box="[1230,1358,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D685486A12B021701" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1285,1358,1009,1030]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 2)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D682786A12EE51723" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. charbinensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6D8B815F2FCE1723" box="[218,386,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. manchurica</emphasis>
|
||
; 3)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6CFB815F2C621723" box="[426,558,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. coreana</emphasis>
|
||
; 4)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6F07815F2CBE1723" box="[598,754,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6FDC815F2CBE1723" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1874" box="[653,754,1039,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontanierii">fontanierii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 5)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6E4B815F2DFD1723" box="[794,945,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6E01815F2DFD1723" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" box="[848,945,1039,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpartis">quelpartis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 6)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6E8B815F2A231723" box="[986,1135,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. davidiana</emphasis>
|
||
; 7)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D69C9815F2B591723" box="[1176,1301,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. taivana</emphasis>
|
||
; 8)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D686F815F2BA01723" box="[1342,1516,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6824815F2BA01723" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1874" box="[1397,1516,1039,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moupinensis">moupinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 9)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6DD6817C2F5D1746" box="[135,273,1068,1089]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. canigula</emphasis>
|
||
; 10)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6C12817C2C571746" box="[323,539,1068,1089]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. subhemachalana</emphasis>
|
||
; and 11)
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6F27817C2D481746" box="[630,772,1068,1089]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6FFD817C2D481746" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" box="[684,772,1068,1089]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hodgsoni">hodgsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. 12) Indicates invasive populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4BA60D6DC981B12C6C16FF" blockId="3.[108,794,1153,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
Two subspecies occur at the southeast edge of the species’ geographic range:
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6C6C80522FA1161E" box="[317,493,1282,1305]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. davidiana</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in southeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D6F8980512D54161F" box="[728,792,1281,1304]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6D2480712EF0163F" box="[117,188,1313,1336]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Anhui</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6D9980712F43163F" box="[200,271,1313,1336]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Fujian</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6C4B80712FD5163F" box="[282,409,1313,1336]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6CF480712C48163F" box="[421,516,1313,1336]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6F4180712C23163F" box="[528,623,1313,1336]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6F2B80712CF2163F" box="[634,702,1313,1336]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Hubei</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6F9B80712D58163F" box="[714,788,1313,1336]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Hunan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6D3E80112EF3165F" box="[111,191,1345,1368]" country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Jiangxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6D8180112F65165F" box="[208,297,1345,1368]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6C6B80112FDF165F" box="[314,403,1345,1368]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6C8980112C75165F" box="[472,569,1345,1368]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6F2E80122D54165E" box="[639,792,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. taivana</emphasis>
|
||
is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D6C5D80312F16167F" box="[268,346,1377,1400]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6C3D80312C60167F" author="SMITH, A." box="[364,556,1377,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" refId="ref10828" refString="SMITH, A., ET AL. 2010. A guide to mammals in China. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey." type="book" year="2010">Smith et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6F6F80312D44167F" author="SUZUKI, S." box="[574,776,1377,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="575 - 581" refId="ref10854" refString="SUZUKI, S., ET AL. 2013. Insular variation of the craniodental morphology in the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75: 575 - 581." type="journal article" year="2013">Suzuki et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6D3C80D22F79169E" box="[109,309,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6DE180D22F79169E" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1874" box="[176,309,1410,1433]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Putorius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moupinensis">moupinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guizhou, western parts of Hubei, southeastern parts of Qinghai, southern parts of Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6C0B80B12C5C16FF" author="SMITH, A." box="[346,528,1505,1528]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" refId="ref10828" refString="SMITH, A., ET AL. 2010. A guide to mammals in China. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey." type="book" year="2010">Smith et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4BA60D6DC983512F0615BF" blockId="3.[108,794,1153,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
Three subspecies occur around the Himalayas:
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6FF183522ED0153E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. canigula</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in Tibet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6C3F83712C5D153F" author="HODGSON, B." box="[366,529,1569,1592]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="275 - 289" refId="ref8967" refString="HODGSON, B. 1842. Notice of the mammals of Tibet, with descriptions and plates of some new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11: 275 - 289." type="journal article" year="1842">Hodgson 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6F7783712D4B153F" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[550,775,1569,1592]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6D3C83122F10155E" box="[109,348,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. s. subhemachalana</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D6C9A83112C47155F" box="[459,523,1601,1624]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D6F7C83112C36155F" box="[557,634,1601,1624]" name="Bhutan" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951); and
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6CCC83322C0E157E" box="[413,578,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6CB183322C0E157E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" box="[480,578,1634,1657]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hodgsoni">hodgsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in Kashmir and the Western Himalayas from Kam to Garhwal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6FCF83D12D5C159F" author="GRAY, J. E." box="[670,784,1665,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="117 - 119" refId="ref8749" refString="GRAY, J. E. 1843. Descriptions of some new genera and species of Mammalia in the British Museum Collection. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 11: 117 - 119." type="journal article" year="1843">Gray 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6D3C83F12F7515BF" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[109,313,1697,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4BA60D6DC983922C0F149F" blockId="3.[108,794,1153,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6DC983922F0B15DE" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[152,327,1730,1753]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6DC983922F0B15DE" box="[152,327,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was released from fur farms in Hyogo and has since spread to the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6D8182512F3A141F" author="MIYASHITA, K." box="[208,374,1793,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="69 - 75" refId="ref10115" refString="MIYASHITA, K. 1963. Introduced animals 5: their history and ecology. Shizen 18: 69 - 75." type="journal article" year="1963">Miyashita 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6CD482512C0F141F" author="SASAKI, H." box="[389,579,1793,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="133 - 139" refId="ref10435" refString="SASAKI, H., ET AL. 2014. Factors affecting the distribution of the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi and the Siberian weasel M. sibirica in Japan. Mammal Study 39: 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="2014">Sasaki et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6F0B82522CA4141E" box="[602,744,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6FC682522CA4141E" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[663,744,1794,1817]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was also reintroduced in the Semenov District of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D6F0682712EFB145F" country="Russia" name="Nizhniy Novgorod" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D6D9282112F46145F" box="[195,266,1857,1880]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1937 and in the Dzhetyoguz District of Issyk Kul Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D6C5E82312FC5147F" box="[271,393,1889,1912]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1941 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6CA982312C82147F" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[504,718,1889,1912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6FB182312EEE149F" author="LONG, J." pageId="3" pageNumber="112" refId="ref9645" refString="LONG, J. 2003. Introduced mammals of the world: their history, distribution and influence. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria, Austalia." type="book" year="2003">Long 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No fossils are known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D6C9682D22C77149E" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[455,571,1921,1945]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6C9682D22F91149E" box="[455,477,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6CBB82D22C77149E" box="[490,571,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B4BA60A6EAD81D12DB112C5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" type="description">
|
||
<subSection id="D447989C0B4BA60A6EAD81D12EA31685" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4BA60D6EAD81D12B72179C" blockId="3.[1020,1342,1153,1179]" box="[1020,1342,1153,1179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<heading id="E63F361B0B4BA60D6EAD81D12B72179C" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1020,1342,1153,1179]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D6EAD81D12B72179C" bold="true" box="[1020,1342,1153,1179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">FORM AND FUNCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4BA60D6E2281952BD2169B" blockId="3.[839,1525,1221,1916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
The dental formula for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D693A81952B5417DB" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1131,1304,1221,1244]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D693A81952B5417DB" box="[1131,1304,1221,1244]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is i 3/3, c 1/1, p 3/3, m 1/2, total 34 (Larivière and Jennings 2009). Comparison of the craniodental morphology using 32 linear measurements found subtle shape differences between 5 populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4BA60D682B80752BBE163B" authorityName=": Pallas" authorityYear="1773" box="[1402,1522,1317,1340]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4BA60D682B80752BBE163B" box="[1402,1522,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(southeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D6E9280152A49165B" box="[963,1029,1349,1372]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D694880152A10165B" box="[1049,1116,1349,1372]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Tsushima, Honshu, and Taiwan—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6E1980352A42167B" author="SUZUKI, S." box="[840,1038,1381,1404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="575 - 581" refId="ref10854" refString="SUZUKI, S., ET AL. 2013. Insular variation of the craniodental morphology in the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75: 575 - 581." type="journal article" year="2013">Suzuki et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Skulls from insular populations tend to be smaller than continental specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D699F80D52BC2169B" author="SUZUKI, S." box="[1230,1422,1413,1436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="575 - 581" refId="ref10854" refString="SUZUKI, S., ET AL. 2013. Insular variation of the craniodental morphology in the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75: 575 - 581." type="journal article" year="2013">Suzuki et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4BA60A6E2280F52EA11265" blockId="3.[839,1525,1221,1916]" lastBlockId="4.[108,794,203,1410]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
||
In northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D6EA680F52A0D16BB" box="[1015,1089,1445,1468]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the spring molt occurs toward the end of February or the beginning of March; the winter guard hairs shed and the pelage is quickly replaced with summer guard hairs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6E0083552DA4151B" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[849,1000,1541,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The autumn molt occurs at the end of August or the beginning of September (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D69D783752B6C153B" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[1158,1312,1573,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The winter guard hairs grow out simultaneously with the loss of summer guard hairs, and the winter pelage is completely grown out by early November (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6E9F83D52A21159B" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[974,1133,1669,1692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4BA60D69FE83D52B71159B" box="[1199,1341,1669,1692]" country="China" name="Heilongjiang" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Heilongjiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4BA60D681E83D52BDD159B" box="[1359,1425,1669,1692]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, autumn molt begins around October–November (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D687583F52BAF15BB" author="HUA, Y. & W. ZHANG & Y. C. XU" box="[1316,1507,1701,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="110 - 114" refId="ref9002" refString="HUA, Y., W. ZHANG, AND Y. C. XU. 2010. Seasonal variation of pelage characteristics in Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica) of Xiaoxing'anling area, Heilongjiang, China. Acta Theriologica Sinica 30: 110 - 114." type="journal article" year="2010">Hua et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Increased in hair densities (hairs/mm
|
||
<superScript id="4ABD2C3F0B4BA60D698A83932AAF15D6" attach="left" box="[1243,1251,1731,1745]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">2</superScript>
|
||
) from summer to winter coats in males and females, respectively, were: 91.82 to 219.33 and 73.83 to 182.35 on the head; 121.93 to 263.98 and 105.99 to 205.50 on the back; 73.89 to 175.12 and 65.91 to 151.26 on the belly; and 80.38 to 183.59 and 73.21 to 180.63 on the tail (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4BA60D6E0082352DBE147B" author="HUA, Y. & W. ZHANG & Y. C. XU" box="[849,1010,1893,1916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="110 - 114" refId="ref9002" refString="HUA, Y., W. ZHANG, AND Y. C. XU. 2010. Seasonal variation of pelage characteristics in Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica) of Xiaoxing'anling area, Heilongjiang, China. Acta Theriologica Sinica 30: 110 - 114." type="journal article" year="2010">Hua et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Increase in hair lengths (mm) from summer to winter coats in males and females, respectively, were: 11.50 to 17.84 and 11.48 to 14.27 on the head; 20.82 to 27.01 and 18.90 to 25.18 on the back; 15.97 to 19.82 and 14.06 to 18.33 on the belly; and 30.36 to 42.61 and 23.59 to 41.63 on the tail (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6FBD847B2E911265" author="HUA, Y. & W. ZHANG & Y. C. XU" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="110 - 114" refId="ref9002" refString="HUA, Y., W. ZHANG, AND Y. C. XU. 2010. Seasonal variation of pelage characteristics in Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica) of Xiaoxing'anling area, Heilongjiang, China. Acta Theriologica Sinica 30: 110 - 114." type="journal article" year="2010">Hua et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4CA60A6DC9843B2EFF1085" blockId="4.[108,794,203,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
In the Longkou Forest Farm of Tonghe in the Xiaoxingan Mountain,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A6DB784DB2F6412A5" box="[230,296,395,418]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, mean measurements (ranges in parenthesis) of the winter guard hairs from the mid-backs of
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABCE4AFE0B4CA60A6F2B84FB2C9D12C5" box="[634,721,427,450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="adult">15 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males and
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABCE4AFE0B4CA60A6DCD849B2EBF12E5" box="[156,243,459,482]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="adult">15 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females, respectively, were: hair length,
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6FFD849B2D5412E5" box="[684,792,459,482]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="33.5">33.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
(32.00–36.00 mm),
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6C1684BB2FF91105" box="[327,437,491,514]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.885" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="28.85">28.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6C9784BB2CC91105" box="[454,645,491,514]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="2.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="31.5" valueMin="25.5">25.50–31.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
); hair follicle length,
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6D93875B2F681125" box="[194,292,523,546]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.37">0.37 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6C66875B2F971125" box="[311,475,523,546]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.315" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.23">0.23–0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6CA3875B2C181125" box="[498,596,523,546]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6F36875B2D401125" box="[615,780,523,546]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.27" valueMax="0.34" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
); hair diameter,
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6C47877B2FCF1145" box="[278,387,555,579]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.266" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="126.6">126.6 µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6CC9877B2C721145" box="[408,574,555,579]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.302" metricValueMax="1.52" metricValueMin="1.084" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="130.2" valueMax="152.0" valueMin="108.4">108.4–152 µm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6F08877B2C8A1145" box="[601,710,555,579]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.941" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="79.41">79.41 µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6F8A877B2E971165" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2315" metricValueMax="1.478" metricValueMin="0.985" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="123.15" valueMax="147.8" valueMin="98.5">98.5– 147.8 µm</quantity>
|
||
); and hair root diameter,
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6CAE871B2C101165" box="[511,604,587,611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.68" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="26.8">26.8 µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6F3F871B2D401165" box="[622,780,587,611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9549999999999996" metricValueMax="3.94" metricValueMin="1.97" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="29.549999999999997" valueMax="39.4" valueMin="19.7">19.7–39.4 µm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6D3C873B2E851185" box="[109,201,619,643]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="22.5">22.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
(19.7–29.6 µm—Zhang et al. 2008). Mean measurements (ranges in parenthesis) of winter upper-hairs from the hind-toes of
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABCE4AFE0B4CA60A6DA987FB2F1D11C5" box="[248,337,683,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="adult">15 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males and
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABCE4AFE0B4CA60A6C8187FB2C6411C5" box="[464,552,683,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="adult">15 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females, respectively, were: hair length,
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6C1B879B2FF011E5" box="[330,444,715,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.132" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="11.32">11.32 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6C82879B2CC411E5" box="[467,648,715,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1795" metricValueMax="1.428" metricValueMin="0.931" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="11.795" valueMax="14.28" valueMin="9.31">9.31–14.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6FF2879B2D5B11E5" box="[675,791,715,738]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.045" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="10.45">10.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6D2487BB2F6D1005" box="[117,289,747,770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0345" metricValueMax="1.159" metricValueMin="0.9099999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="10.344999999999999" valueMax="11.59" valueMin="9.1">9.10–11.59 mm</quantity>
|
||
); hair follicle length,
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6F5087BB2C131005" box="[513,607,747,770]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.91">0.91 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6F3D87BB2D471005" box="[620,779,747,770]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.95" metricValueMax="13.3" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.895" valueMax="1.33" valueMin="0.46">0.46–1.33 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6D3D865B2E981025" box="[108,212,779,802]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.79">0.79 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6DBB865B2FDF1025" box="[234,403,779,802]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="12.1" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="0.66" valueMax="1.21" valueMin="0.11">0.11–1.21 mm</quantity>
|
||
); hair diameter,
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6F06865B2C891025" box="[599,709,779,803]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.077" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="107.7">107.7 µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6F8B865B2E941045" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.054" metricValueMax="1.192" metricValueMin="0.916" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="105.4" valueMax="119.2" valueMin="91.6">91.6– 119.2 µm</quantity>
|
||
), 101.0 µm (
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6C32867B2C471045" box="[355,523,811,835]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.855" metricValueMax="10.84" metricValueMin="8.87" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="98.55" valueMax="108.4" valueMin="88.7">88.7–108.4 µm</quantity>
|
||
); and hair root diameter, 86.0 µm (68.0–
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6C41861B2F3A1065" box="[272,374,843,867]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.093" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="109.3">109.3 µm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6CD9861B2FAC1065" box="[392,480,843,867]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.19" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="71.9">71.9 µm</quantity>
|
||
(59.1–88.7 µm—Zhang et al. 2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4CA60A6DC986DB2EA31685" blockId="4.[108,794,203,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
The anal gland contains 9 sulfur-based volatiles: 2,2-dimethylthietane, (E)-2,4-dimethylthietane, (E)-2,3-dimethylthietane, 2-ethylthietane, (E)-2-ethyl-3-methylthietanes, (Z)-2-ethyl- 3-methylthietanes, 2-propylthietane, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dithiacyclopentane, and (Z)-3,4-dimethyl-1,2-dithiacyclopentane; (E)-2,2-dimethylthietane is the most abundant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6FDD817B2EEF1765" author="ZHANG, J. X. & L. SUN & Z. BIN ZHANG & Z. W. WANG & Y. CHEN & R. WANG" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="1287 - 1297" refId="ref11575" refString="ZHANG, J. X., L. SUN, Z. BIN ZHANG, Z. W. WANG, Y. CHEN, AND R. WANG. 2002. Volatile compounds in anal gland of Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and steppe polecats (M. eversmanni). Journal of Chemical Ecology 28: 1287 - 1297." type="journal article" year="2002">Zhang et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Volatile abundance differs between the sexes: (E)-2,4- dimethylthietane and (E)-2,3-dimethylthietane are significantly more abundant in females than in males, whereas 3,3-dimethyl- 1,2-dithiacyclopentane is significantly more abundant in males than in females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6C72819B2FAC17E5" author="ZHANG, J. X. & L. SUN & Z. BIN ZHANG & Z. W. WANG & Y. CHEN & R. WANG" box="[291,480,1227,1250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="1287 - 1297" refId="ref11575" refString="ZHANG, J. X., L. SUN, Z. BIN ZHANG, Z. W. WANG, Y. CHEN, AND R. WANG. 2002. Volatile compounds in anal gland of Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and steppe polecats (M. eversmanni). Journal of Chemical Ecology 28: 1287 - 1297." type="journal article" year="2002">Zhang et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6CBF819B2C6817E5" author="ZHANG, J. X. & J. NI & X. J. REN & L. SUN & Z. BIN ZHANG & Z. W. WANG" box="[494,548,1227,1250]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="381 - 388" refId="ref11510" refString="ZHANG, J. X., J. NI, X. J. REN, L. SUN, Z. BIN ZHANG, AND Z. W. WANG. 2003. Possible coding for recognition of sexes, individuals and species in anal gland volatiles of Mustela eversmanni and M. sibirica. Chemical Senses 28: 381 - 388." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). 2-Ethylthietane only occurs in females and is undetected in males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6F0681BB2D5D1605" author="ZHANG, J. X. & L. SUN & Z. BIN ZHANG & Z. W. WANG & Y. CHEN & R. WANG" box="[599,785,1259,1282]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="1287 - 1297" refId="ref11575" refString="ZHANG, J. X., L. SUN, Z. BIN ZHANG, Z. W. WANG, Y. CHEN, AND R. WANG. 2002. Volatile compounds in anal gland of Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and steppe polecats (M. eversmanni). Journal of Chemical Ecology 28: 1287 - 1297." type="journal article" year="2002">Zhang et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6D3C805B2EEF1625" author="ZHANG, J. X. & J. NI & X. J. REN & L. SUN & Z. BIN ZHANG & Z. W. WANG" box="[109,163,1291,1314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="381 - 388" refId="ref11510" refString="ZHANG, J. X., J. NI, X. J. REN, L. SUN, Z. BIN ZHANG, AND Z. W. WANG. 2003. Possible coding for recognition of sexes, individuals and species in anal gland volatiles of Mustela eversmanni and M. sibirica. Chemical Senses 28: 381 - 388." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Laboratory experiments reveal that rice-field rats
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6F85805B2E801645" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6F85805B2E801645" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Rattus rattoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit self-anointing behavior when presented filter paper scented with anal-gland secretions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6F36801B2EA61685" authority="(Xu et al. 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Xu" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6F36801B2CAE1665" box="[615,738,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6FA6801B2E931685" author="XU, Z. & D. M. STODDART & H. DING & J. ZHANG" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="1238 - 1241" refId="ref11348" refString="XU, Z., D. M. STODDART, H. DING, AND J. ZHANG. 1995. Self-anointing behavior in the rice-field rat, Rattus rattoides. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 1238 - 1241." type="journal article" year="1995">Xu et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="D447989C0B4CA60A6D9E80EE2DB112C5" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4CA60A6D9E80EE2CFA16DF" blockId="4.[207,694,1470,1496]" box="[207,694,1470,1496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<heading id="E63F361B0B4CA60A6D9E80EE2CFA16DF" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[207,694,1470,1496]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6D9E80EE2CFA16DF" bold="true" box="[207,694,1470,1496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">ONTOGENY AND REPRODUCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4CA60A6DC983522B3D1205" blockId="4.[107,793,1538,1945]" lastBlockId="4.[840,1523,203,450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
Little is known about the reproduction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6F1983522CB8151E" box="[584,756,1538,1561]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6F1983522CB8151E" box="[584,756,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In Siberia, the breeding season occurs at the beginning of February to the end of March (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6C1F83122C55155E" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[334,537,1602,1625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Captive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6FD983122CB0155E" box="[648,764,1602,1625]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6FD983122CB0155E" box="[648,764,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4CA60A6D3C83322EBD157E" box="[109,241,1634,1657]" country="Russia" name="Novosibirsk" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Novosibirsk</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A6DAF83322F04157E" box="[254,328,1634,1657]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, however, bred from April to August, with peak breeding activity occurring in late April (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6F3483D22D5D159E" author="TERNOVSKY, D. V." box="[613,785,1666,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref10969" refString="TERNOVSKY, D. V. 1977. Biology of mustelids. Nauka, Novosibirsk, Russia (in Russian)." type="book" year="1977">Ternovsky 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, not seen, cited inAmstislavsky and Ternovskaya 2000:572). This variation in timing may be due to differences in environmental conditions, including those imposed by captivity. Copulation lasts from 27 min to up to 2 h and 40 min (Ternovsky and Ternovskaya 1994).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6DE982722F60143E" box="[184,300,1826,1849]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6DE982722F60143E" box="[184,300,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the shortest gestation period (32–35 days; mean 33.5 days) of all studied mustelids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6F6882122CAA145E" author="TERNOVSKY, D. V." box="[569,742,1858,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref10969" refString="TERNOVSKY, D. V. 1977. Biology of mustelids. Nauka, Novosibirsk, Russia (in Russian)." type="book" year="1977">Ternovsky 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, not seen, cited in Amstislavsky and Ternovskaya 2000:572). Liter size ranges 2–12 kits (mean 6.2 kits) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6F5082D22CE0149E" author="TERNOVSKY, D. V." box="[513,684,1922,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref10969" refString="TERNOVSKY, D. V. 1977. Biology of mustelids. Nauka, Novosibirsk, Russia (in Russian)." type="book" year="1977">Ternovsky 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, not seen, cited in Amstislavsky and Ternovskaya 2000:572).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A682A859B2BBE13E5" box="[1403,1522,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A682A859B2BBE13E5" box="[1403,1522,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not exhibit delayed implantation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A69B885BB2B2D1205" author="MEAD, R." box="[1257,1377,235,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref9898" refString="MEAD, R. 1989. Reproduction in mustelids. Pp. 124 - 137 in Conservation biology and the black-footed ferret (U. S. Seal, E. T. Thorne, M. A. Bogan, and S. H. Anderson, eds.). Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut." type="book" year="1989">Mead 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4CA60A6E22845B2DB112C5" blockId="4.[840,1523,203,450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
Young are born blind and almost naked with only sparse white fur (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6EEF847B2AD81245" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[958,1172,299,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Young open their eyes for the 1st time by 28–30 days, and weaning ends at the end of the 2nd month (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6E9E843B2AEF1285" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[975,1187,363,386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Young born in April become independent toward the end of summer, usually by August (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6E0084FB2DA012C5" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[849,1004,427,450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B4CA609690384AE2F521125" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<subSection id="D447989C0B4CA608690384AE2B701025" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4CA60A690384AE2AA4111F" blockId="4.[1106,1256,510,536]" box="[1106,1256,510,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<heading id="E63F361B0B4CA60A690384AE2AA4111F" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1106,1256,510,536]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A690384AE2AA4111F" bold="true" box="[1106,1256,510,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">ECOLOGY</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4CA60A6E2287122A7F105E" blockId="4.[838,1525,578,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6E2287122AFE115D" bold="true" box="[883,1202,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Population characteristics.</emphasis>
|
||
—The range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A68CA87122DD7117E" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A68CA87122DD7117E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is extensive across Palearctic Asia, with natural populations ranging from west of the Ural Mountains of Siberia to the Far East and south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A690F87F22AE111BE" box="[1118,1197,674,697]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Himalayas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A68DC87F22DF011DE" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Food abundance is hypothesized to determine the population and distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A69FD87B22B6511FE" box="[1196,1321,738,761]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A69FD87B22B6511FE" box="[1196,1321,738,761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Siberia and northeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A6EE286522DB8101E" box="[947,1012,770,793]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
are believed to contain the highest densities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6E1986722D8C103E" box="[840,960,802,825]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6E1986722D8C103E" box="[840,960,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of large densities of several rodent species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6E0086122A6E105E" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[849,1058,834,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4CA60A6E2286322BE9167E" blockId="4.[838,1525,578,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6E2286322A64107E" box="[883,1064,866,889]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6E2286322A64107E" box="[883,1064,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a common game species in western Siberia, and records of population censuses are largely based on fur trapping records (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A696786F22A8810BE" author="BAKEEV, Y. N." box="[1078,1220,930,953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref8172" refString="BAKEEV, Y. N. 1971. The distribution and population dynamics of the Siberian kolinsky in the western part of its range in the USSR. Pp. 149 - 159 in Biology of mustelids: some Soviet research (C. M. King, ed.). Vol. 2. Science Information Division, Wellington, New Zealand." type="book" year="1971">Bakeev 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Long-term records reveal great annual and multi-annual fluctuations in population density. Increases in population densities were preceded by large increases in rodent abundance (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A69F481522B7F171E" author="BAKEEV, Y. N." box="[1189,1331,1026,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref8172" refString="BAKEEV, Y. N. 1971. The distribution and population dynamics of the Siberian kolinsky in the western part of its range in the USSR. Pp. 149 - 159 in Biology of mustelids: some Soviet research (C. M. King, ed.). Vol. 2. Science Information Division, Wellington, New Zealand." type="book" year="1971">Bakeev 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The mean total number of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6EEC81722A7D173E" box="[957,1073,1058,1081]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6EEC81722A7D173E" box="[957,1073,1058,1081]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trapped during the early to mid-1900s are
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6E1981122DCC175E" box="[840,896,1090,1113]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="in" value="25.0">25 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4CA60A6EE081122A25175E" box="[945,1129,1090,1113]" country="Russia" name="Kostroma" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Kostroma Oblast</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A692781122AF7175E" box="[1142,1211,1090,1113]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.10998" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="in" value="437.0">437 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4CA60A69BD81122BED175E" box="[1260,1441,1090,1113]" country="Russia" name="Orenburg" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Orenburg Oblast</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A68FF81122BBF175E" box="[1454,1523,1090,1113]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.07188" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="in" value="422.0">422 in</quantity>
|
||
the Republic of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4CA60A6EBE81322A1F177E" box="[1007,1107,1122,1145]" country="Russia" name="Tatarstan" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Tatarstan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A690A81322AD1177E" box="[1115,1181,1122,1145]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3335" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="in" value="525.0">525 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4CA60A699681322BC7177E" box="[1223,1419,1122,1145]" country="Russia" name="Sverdlovsk" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Sverdlovsk Oblast</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A689181322BB9177E" box="[1472,1525,1122,1145]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1844" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="in" value="86.0">86 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4CA60A6E3F81D22A5E179E" box="[878,1042,1154,1177]" country="Russia" name="Tyumen'" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Tyumen Oblast</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A697281D22AE3179E" author="BAKEEV, Y. N." box="[1059,1199,1154,1177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref8172" refString="BAKEEV, Y. N. 1971. The distribution and population dynamics of the Siberian kolinsky in the western part of its range in the USSR. Pp. 149 - 159 in Biology of mustelids: some Soviet research (C. M. King, ed.). Vol. 2. Science Information Division, Wellington, New Zealand." type="book" year="1971">Bakeev 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since the 1950s, the decline in successful fur trappings suggested that population densities in several regions decreased, which may be attributed to the combination of deforestation and reduction in rodent abundance (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6E0080522D90161E" author="BAKEEV, Y. N." box="[849,988,1282,1305]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref8172" refString="BAKEEV, Y. N. 1971. The distribution and population dynamics of the Siberian kolinsky in the western part of its range in the USSR. Pp. 149 - 159 in Biology of mustelids: some Soviet research (C. M. King, ed.). Vol. 2. Science Information Division, Wellington, New Zealand." type="book" year="1971">Bakeev 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Low fur prices also may reduce number of individuals trapped (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6EA880722A9C163E" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." box="[1017,1232,1314,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4CA60A687880722BA2163E" box="[1321,1518,1314,1337]" country="Russia" name="Sverdlovsk" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Sverdlovsk Oblast</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A6E1680122DDD165E" box="[839,913,1346,1369]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6ECD80122A5C165E" box="[924,1040,1346,1369]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6ECD80122A5C165E" box="[924,1040,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
experienced a 39–71% decline in total population abundance from 1987 to 2011 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A698B80322BDA167E" author="MONAKHOV, V. G." box="[1242,1430,1378,1401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="37 - 40" refId="ref10137" refString="MONAKHOV, V. G. 2011 a. Changes of Martes species numbers in the Middle Urals over 20 years. Martes Working Group Newsletter 18: 37 - 40." type="journal article" year="2011">Monakhov 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4CA60A6E2280D22A3016FE" blockId="4.[838,1525,578,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
In Kyushu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A695E80D22A02169E" box="[1039,1102,1410,1433]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, population density of introduced
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6E1980F22DF216BE" box="[840,958,1442,1465]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6E1980F22DF216BE" box="[840,958,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 4–15 individuals per km (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A69A580F22BFF16BE" author="SASAKI, H." box="[1268,1459,1442,1465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="133 - 139" refId="ref10435" refString="SASAKI, H., ET AL. 2014. Factors affecting the distribution of the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi and the Siberian weasel M. sibirica in Japan. Mammal Study 39: 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="2014">Sasaki et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The mean longevity for wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A690180922A8816DE" box="[1104,1220,1474,1497]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A690180922A8816DE" box="[1104,1220,1474,1497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is calculated to be 2.1 years (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4CA60A6E0080B22DD216FE" box="[849,926,1506,1529]" country="Japan" name="Miyagi" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Miyagi</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Shiraishi 1978).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4CA60A6E2283522A0D149E" blockId="4.[838,1525,578,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6E2283522AF1151E" box="[883,1213,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6E2283522DA1151D" bold="true" box="[883,1005,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Space use.</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A695983522AF1151E" box="[1032,1213,1538,1561]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">Mustela sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is found in a wide variety of habitats including dense primary and secondary deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forests; woodlands; open grasslands; and river valleys (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A694283322AA0157E" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[1043,1260,1634,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A69AD83322BAE157E" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." box="[1276,1506,1634,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A6E1983D22D89159E" box="[840,965,1666,1689]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A6E1983D22D89159E" box="[840,965,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prefers regions near lakes and swamps covered with bushes and fallen trees where small rodents are abundant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6E0083922DA015DE" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[849,1004,1730,1753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4CA60A695583922A3015DE" box="[1028,1148,1730,1753]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4CA60A695583922A3015DE" box="[1028,1148,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well documented at high elevation:
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6ED483B22A6115FE" box="[901,1069,1762,1785]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="1550.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1400.0">
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||
<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B4CA60A6ED483B22D8E15FE" box="[901,962,1762,1785]" degrees="1,400" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" precision="55" value="1.4">1,400</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B4CA60A6E9383B22A4115FE" box="[962,1037,1762,1785]" degrees="1,700" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" precision="55" value="-1.7">–1,700</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in the secondary forests of Guandaushi Forest,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A6ECB82522DA5141E" box="[922,1001,1794,1817]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6EAA82522A13141E" author="WU, H. Y." box="[1019,1119,1794,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="443 - 451" refId="ref11305" refString="WU, H. Y. 1999. Is there current competition between sympatric Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and ferret badgers (Melogale moschata) in a subtropical forest ecosystem of Taiwan? Zoological Studies 38: 443 - 451." type="journal article" year="1999">Wu 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A692982522B51141E" box="[1144,1309,1794,1817]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="3200.0" valueMax="3700.0" valueMin="2700.0">
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||
<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B4CA60A692982522AF9141E" box="[1144,1205,1794,1817]" degrees="2,700" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" precision="55" value="2.7">2,700</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B4CA60A69E482522B4C141E" box="[1205,1280,1794,1817]" degrees="3,700" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" precision="55" value="-3.7">–3,700</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in the primary forests of the Tawu Mountains,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A69C282722AAE143E" box="[1171,1250,1826,1849]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A69A782722B84143E" author="CHIANG, P. J. & K. J. C. PEI & M. R. VAUGHAN & C. F. LI" box="[1270,1480,1826,1849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="500 - 511" refId="ref8474" refString="CHIANG, P. J., K. J. C. PEI, M. R. VAUGHAN, AND C. F. LI. 2012. Niche relationships of carnivores in a subtropical primary forest in southern Taiwan. Zoological Studies 51: 500 - 511." type="journal article" year="2012">Chiang et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
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);>
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A6E1982122DE9145E" box="[840,933,1858,1881]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="3000.0">3,000 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A6E9E82122A5C145E" box="[975,1040,1858,1881]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A697582122B5C145E" author="GHIMIREY, Y. & R. ACHARYA & A. CHAUDHARY & A. PRAJAPATI" box="[1060,1296,1858,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="64 - 65" refId="ref8705" refString="GHIMIREY, Y., R. ACHARYA, A. CHAUDHARY, AND A. PRAJAPATI. 2014. Observations of mountain weasel Mustela altaica and Siberian weasel M. sibirica in Nepal. Small Carnivore Conservation 50: 64 - 65." type="journal article" year="2014">Ghimirey et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A687A82122B9F145E" box="[1323,1491,1858,1881]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="3150.0" valueMax="4800.0" valueMin="1500.0">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B4CA60A687A82122B2B145E" box="[1323,1383,1858,1881]" degrees="1,500" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" precision="55" value="1.5">1,500</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B4CA60A683682122BFF145E" box="[1383,1459,1858,1881]" degrees="4,800" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" precision="55" value="-4.8">–4,800</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A6E1982322DDA147E" box="[840,918,1890,1913]" name="Bhutan" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6EFA82322ADA147E" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." box="[939,1174,1890,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and up to
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4CA60A687B82322BCB147E" box="[1322,1415,1890,1913]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="5000.0">5,000 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4CA60A68E382322BBF147E" box="[1458,1523,1890,1913]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4CA60A6E0082D22A7D149E" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." box="[849,1073,1922,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4DA60B6DC9859B2FC01105" blockId="5.[108,794,203,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6DC9859B2F0A13E5" box="[152,326,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6DC9859B2F0A13E5" box="[152,326,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
uses fallen logs, empty stumps, and brushwood piles as shelters and nests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6C9485BB2CC61205" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[453,650,235,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Individuals also inhabit the burrows of their prey, such as voles, mice, and pikas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6DE8847B2FC31245" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[185,399,299,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Near Lake Baikal in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B6FC4847B2C931245" box="[661,735,299,322]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, burrows ranged from
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4DA60B6C64841B2FF61265" box="[309,442,331,354]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="2.4" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="0.6">0.6 to 4.2 m</quantity>
|
||
in length and from
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4DA60B6FC5841B2D541265" box="[660,792,331,354]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="0.75" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2 to 1.3 m</quantity>
|
||
in depth, and the nesting chamber located in the middle of the burrow was lined with feathers or fur from prey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6F2B84DB2D4412A5" author="FETISOFF, A. A. S." box="[634,776,395,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="36 - 38" refId="ref8680" refString="FETISOFF, A. A. S. 1936. Biology of the Siberian weasel. Journal of Mammalogy 17: 36 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">Fetisoff 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Each individual usually has 1 primary burrow as well as many secondary refuges across its range, which may extend for several kilometers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6DBC84BB2F371105" author="FETISOFF, A. A. S." box="[237,379,491,514]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="36 - 38" refId="ref8680" refString="FETISOFF, A. A. S. 1936. Biology of the Siberian weasel. Journal of Mammalogy 17: 36 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">Fetisoff 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4DA60B6DC9875B2F6E1045" blockId="5.[108,794,203,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6DC9875B2FE21125" box="[152,430,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6DC9875B2E811124" bold="true" box="[152,205,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Diet.</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6DB8875B2FE21125" box="[233,430,523,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">Mustela sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
exhibits a mesocarnivorous (50–70% vertebrate prey) to hypercarnivorous (> 70% vertebrate prey) diet that is largely dependent on the habitat and location. Small voles, mice, and pikas constitute the basic diet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6D9187DB2F7511A5" box="[192,313,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6D9187DB2F7511A5" box="[192,313,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in most locations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6F4487DB2CE511A5" author="FETISOFF, A. A. S." box="[533,681,651,674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="36 - 38" refId="ref8680" refString="FETISOFF, A. A. S. 1936. Biology of the Siberian weasel. Journal of Mammalogy 17: 36 - 38." type="journal article" year="1936">Fetisoff 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6FEB87DB2EEF11C5" author="NOVIKOV, G." pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6DE287FB2FCB11C5" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[179,391,683,706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larger sized rodents such as chipmunks, invasive muskrats, and other squirrels are also preyed upon (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6DE487BB2FC41005" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[181,392,747,770]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Birds, amphibians, fish, eggs, berries, and nuts are consumed when rodents are not available (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6D27867B2F5E1045" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[118,274,811,834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4DA60B6DC9861B2F4216A5" blockId="5.[108,794,203,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
On the Tsushima Islands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B6C9F861B2C411065" box="[462,525,843,866]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, scat analyses (
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6FE8861B2C8A1065" box="[697,710,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 218) reveal that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6DBA863B2F281085" box="[235,356,875,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6DBA863B2F281085" box="[235,356,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a mesocarnivorous diet: small mammals (35%, average percentage of relative occurrence), insects (20%), berries and seeds (13%), birds (10%), other plant material (10%), earthworms (7%), and amphibians and reptiles (5%—Tatara and Doi 1994). The Shannon–Weaver’s diversity index (
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6DEB815B2E811725" box="[186,205,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">H</emphasis>
|
||
′) of the prey items was 1.869 (Tatara and Doi 1994).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6D3C817B2E921745" box="[109,222,1067,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6D3C817B2E921745" box="[109,222,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M.sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits seasonal differences in diets. Caterpillars and beetles are common in spring and summer (24.4–31.8%), and earthworms (19.8%) are consumed during the autumn (Tatara and Doi 1994). During winter, tetrapods comprise nearly 80% of the diet, including an increase in bird consumption (24.5%). Small mammals remain the most common prey throughout the year (22.6–48.9%), and a large portion consists of mainly house mice,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6DE3805B2F001625" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[178,332,1291,1314]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="musculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6DE3805B2F001625" box="[178,332,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Mus musculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and wood mice, the large Japanese field mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6DEB807B2FDB1645" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[186,407,1323,1346]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6DEB807B2FDB1645" box="[186,407,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Apodemus speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the small Japanese field mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6D3F801B2C0A1665" authority="(Tatara and Doi 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Tatara and Doi" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[110,582,1355,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argenteus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6D3F801B2F011665" box="[110,333,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Apodemus argenteus</emphasis>
|
||
(Tatara and Doi 1994)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Surprisingly, plant materials also occur throughout the year (12.8–28.6%—Tatara and Doi 1994).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4DA60B6DC980FB2FE61545" blockId="5.[108,794,203,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
Scat (
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6D8680FB2EA816C5" box="[215,228,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 115) from the grasslands of Aoshima,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B6FF280FB2CAE16C5" box="[675,738,1451,1474]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also reveal a mesocarnivorous diet; insects (68.7%, average percentage of absolute occurrence), mammals (48.7%), amphibians (13.0%), fish (12.2%), and reptiles (9.6%) are the dominate prey items (Sasaki and Ono 1994).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4DA60B6DC9831B2D8C1265" blockId="5.[108,794,203,1922]" lastBlockId="5.[838,1524,203,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
In the Guandaushi Forest of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B6C99831B2C541565" box="[456,536,1611,1634]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, scat analyses (
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6FEC831B2C861565" box="[701,714,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 157) reveal that arthropods (43.6%, average percentage of relative occurrence), small mammals (26.0%), and earthworms (17.6%) are the dominant prey items in this region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6F3A83FB2C9E15C5" author="WU, H. Y." box="[619,722,1707,1730]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="443 - 451" refId="ref11305" refString="WU, H. Y. 1999. Is there current competition between sympatric Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and ferret badgers (Melogale moschata) in a subtropical forest ecosystem of Taiwan? Zoological Studies 38: 443 - 451." type="journal article" year="1999">Wu 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Chinese white-toothed shrew
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6CE0839B2C3615E5" box="[433,634,1739,1762]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kurodai">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6CE0839B2C3615E5" box="[433,634,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Crocidura kurodai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the lesser Taiwanese shrew
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6C6683BB2C491405" box="[311,517,1771,1794]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Chodsigoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sodalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6C6683BB2C491405" box="[311,517,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Chodsigoa sodalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the most important mammalian prey, occurring in one-third of all analyzed scats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6D27827B2E961445" author="WU, H. Y." box="[118,218,1835,1858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="443 - 451" refId="ref11305" refString="WU, H. Y. 1999. Is there current competition between sympatric Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and ferret badgers (Melogale moschata) in a subtropical forest ecosystem of Taiwan? Zoological Studies 38: 443 - 451." type="journal article" year="1999">Wu 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, in high elevation alpine grasslands in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B6D81821B2F6C1465" box="[208,288,1867,1890]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6C61821B2FE51465" box="[304,425,1867,1890]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6C61821B2FE51465" box="[304,425,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a hypercarnivorous diet where small mammals, particular rodents including the Oldfield white-bellied rat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6954859B2AAA13E5" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1029,1254,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Niviventer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="culturatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6954859B2AAA13E5" box="[1029,1254,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Niviventer culturatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B684F859B2B2013E5" box="[1310,1388,203,226]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
field mouse
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E1B85BB2A5A1205" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" box="[842,1046,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E1B85BB2A5A1205" box="[842,1046,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Apodemus semotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Kikuchi’s field vole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B685285BB2BF11205" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1920" box="[1283,1469,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kikuchii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B685285BB2BF11205" box="[1283,1469,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Microtus kikuchii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Père David’s vole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6949845B2B7A1225" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1048,1334,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Eothenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6949845B2B7A1225" box="[1048,1334,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Eothenomys melanogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(92.0%, average percentage of relative occurrence), are the most dominant prey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6E00841B2DFC1265" author="MA, H. C." box="[849,944,331,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref9702" refString="MA, H. C. 1990. The ecology of Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica davidiana) in alpine grasslands of Taiwan-study of feeding habits, habitat and population. Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan (in Chinese)." type="book" year="1990">Ma 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4DA60B6E22843B2B7510A5" blockId="5.[838,1524,203,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E22843B2ACD1284" bold="true" box="[883,1153,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Diseases and parasites.</emphasis>
|
||
—In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4DA60B6991843B2B601285" box="[1216,1324,363,386]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B686E843B2B321285" box="[1343,1406,363,386]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, intestinal parasitic worms found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B692484DB2B6612A5" box="[1141,1322,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B692484DB2B6612A5" box="[1141,1322,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include 3 nematodes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6EDA84FB2A0212C5" authorityName="Rudolphi" authorityYear="1819" box="[907,1102,427,450]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Capillaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="putorii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6EDA84FB2A0212C5" box="[907,1102,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Capillaria putorii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B690E84FB2ABC12C5" authorityName="Grassi" authorityYear="1879" box="[1119,1264,427,450]" class="Secernentea" family="Strongyloididae" genus="Strongyloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B690E84FB2ABC12C5" box="[1119,1264,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Strongyloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B686284FB2BD712C5" box="[1331,1435,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Spiruidea</emphasis>
|
||
(larva); 1 trematode
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6EB1849B2A9A12E5" authorityName="Asada" authorityYear="1926" box="[992,1238,459,482]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hortense">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6EB1849B2A9A12E5" box="[992,1238,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Echinostoma hortense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and 1 acanthocephalan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E1984BB2A201105" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1935" box="[840,1132,491,514]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Centrorhynchidae" genus="Centrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polymorphida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E1984BB2A201105" box="[840,1132,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Centrorhynchus elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(juvenile) (Kamiya and Ishigaki 1972). In addition, the nematode
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B69FA875B2B2E1125" baseAuthorityName="Werner" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1195,1378,523,546]" class="Secernentea" family="Filaroididae" genus="Filaroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="martis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B69FA875B2B2E1125" box="[1195,1378,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Filaroides martis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in the lungs (Kamiya and Ishigaki 1972). In the Tohoku region, the intestinal fluke
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6EB9871B2A2C1165" authorityName="Asada" authorityYear="1926" box="[1000,1120,587,610]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hortense">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6EB9871B2A2C1165" box="[1000,1120,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">E. hortense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABCE4AFE0B4DA60B69A3871B2B6C1165" box="[1266,1312,587,610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" type="generic">
|
||
2
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6852871B2B6C1165" box="[1283,1312,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6852871B2B6C1165" box="[1283,1312,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
sibirica individuals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6E00873B2DB91185" author="SATO, H. & T. INABA & Y. IHAMA & H. KAMIYA" box="[849,1013,619,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="1023 - 1026" refId="ref10514" refString="SATO, H., T. INABA, Y. IHAMA, AND H. KAMIYA. 1999. Parasitological survey on wild Carnivora in north-western Tohoku, Japan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 61: 1023 - 1026." type="journal article" year="1999">Sato et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Lung fluke infections caused by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6834873B2DE211A5" class="Trematoda" family="Paragonimidae" genus="Paragonimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="miyazakii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6834873B2DE211A5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Paragonimus miyazakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E8E87DB2A7411A5" box="[991,1080,651,674]" class="Trematoda" family="Paragonimidae" genus="Paragonimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ohirai">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E8E87DB2A7411A5" box="[991,1080,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">P. ohirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in animals from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4DA60B68DF87DB2DFB11C5" country="Japan" name="Miyazaki" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Miyazaki Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B6E9287FB2A4C11C5" box="[963,1024,683,706]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B694087FB2ABF11C5" author="ASHIZAWA, H. & S. HABE & T. MURAKAMI & D. NOSAKA" box="[1041,1267,683,706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="251 - 259" refId="ref8126" refString="ASHIZAWA, H., S. HABE, T. MURAKAMI, AND D. NOSAKA. 1980. Paragonimus infection in weasels produced in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University 27: 251 - 259." type="journal article" year="1980">Ashizawa et al. 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other parasites found in Japanese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E88879B2A1A11E5" box="[985,1110,715,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E88879B2A1A11E5" box="[985,1110,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations include the trematodes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E1987BB2A551005" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1907" box="[840,1049,747,770]" class="Trematoda" family="Opisthorchiidae" genus="Clonorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E1987BB2A551005" box="[840,1049,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Clonorchis sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B697987BB2B121005" box="[1064,1374,747,770]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="trigonocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B697987BB2B121005" box="[1064,1374,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Echinostoma trigonocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B683C87BB2D841025" authority="heterophyes" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Heterophyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="heterophyes">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B683C87BB2D841025" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Heterophyes heterophyes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E8E865B2AF41025" baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1788" box="[991,1208,779,802]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Isthmiophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="melis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E8E865B2AF41025" box="[991,1208,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Isthmiophora melis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6856865B2D311045" baseAuthorityName="Kerbert" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Trematoda" family="Paragonimidae" genus="Paragonimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="westermani">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6856865B2D311045" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Paragonimus westermani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the tapeworms
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B697F867B2B451045" baseAuthorityName="Cobbold" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1070,1289,811,834]" class="Cestoda" family="Diphyllobothriidae" genus="Sparganum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diphyllobothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mansoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B697F867B2B451045" box="[1070,1289,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Sparganum mansoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B686C867B2D3A1065" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Cestoda" family="Dilepididae" genus="Dipylidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caninum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B686C867B2D3A1065" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Dipylidium caninum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the nematode
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6977861B2B751065" box="[1062,1337,843,866]" class="Secernentea" family="Gnathostomatidae" genus="Gnathostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinigerum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6977861B2B751065" box="[1062,1337,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Gnathostoma spinigerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the roundworm
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E19863B2A681085" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[840,1060,875,898]" class="Secernentea" family="Dioctophymidae" genus="Dioctophyme" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="renale">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E19863B2A681085" box="[840,1060,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Dioctophyme renale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B690E863B2A981085" box="[1119,1236,875,898]" class="Adenophorea" family="Trichinellidae" genus="Trichinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B690E863B2A981085" box="[1119,1236,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Trichinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and the acanthocephalan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E1986DB2B7810A5" authority="(Yoshida et al. 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Yoshida" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[840,1332,907,930]" class="Palaeacanthocephala" family="Centrorhynchidae" genus="Centrorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polymorphida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="itatsinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E1986DB2A0110A5" box="[840,1101,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Centrorhynchus itatsinis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B690C86DB2B6510A5" author="YOSHIDA, S. & M. IWATA & K. TOYODA" box="[1117,1321,907,930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="760 - 764" refId="ref11389" refString="YOSHIDA, S., M. IWATA, AND K. TOYODA. 1932. Studies of worms infesting weasels. Transactions of the Japanese Pathological Society 22: 760 - 764 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1932">Yoshida et al. 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4DA60B6E2286FB2DC117C5" blockId="5.[838,1524,203,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
Intestinal parasitic worms found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B685386FB2B3710C5" box="[1282,1403,939,962]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B685386FB2B3710C5" box="[1282,1403,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B68F486FB2BBF10C5" box="[1445,1523,939,962]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
include 7 nematodes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B696A869B2AE410E5" box="[1083,1192,971,994]" class="Secernentea" family="Filaroididae" genus="Filaroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B696A869B2AE410E5" box="[1083,1192,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Filaroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(94.4%, frequency of occurrence from 16 individuals),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B69D786BB2B5C1705" authorityName="Dubini" authorityYear="1843" box="[1158,1296,1003,1026]" class="Secernentea" family="Ancylostomatidae" genus="Ancylostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B69D786BB2B5C1705" box="[1158,1296,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Ancylostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(77.4%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B68D486BB2BBF1705" box="[1413,1523,1003,1026]" class="Secernentea" family="Ancylostomatidae" genus="Uncinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B68D486BB2BBF1705" box="[1413,1523,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Uncinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(35.5%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6EE6815B2A541725" authorityName="Roederer" authorityYear="1761" box="[951,1048,1035,1058]" class="Adenophorea" family="Trichinellidae" genus="Trichuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6EE6815B2A541725" box="[951,1048,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Trichuris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species 1 (35.5%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6844815B2B3A1725" authorityName="Roederer" authorityYear="1761" box="[1301,1398,1035,1058]" class="Adenophorea" family="Trichinellidae" genus="Trichuris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6844815B2B3A1725" box="[1301,1398,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Trichuris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species 2 (19.3%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6EEB817B2A651745" box="[954,1065,1067,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Capillaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6EEB817B2A651745" box="[954,1065,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Capillaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.5%), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B698F817B2B201745" authorityName="Rudolphi" authorityYear="1819" box="[1246,1388,1067,1090]" class="Secernentea" family="Physalopteridae" genus="Physaloptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B698F817B2B201745" box="[1246,1388,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Physaloptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.2%); 1 trematode
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E94811B2A281765" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1907" box="[965,1124,1099,1122]" class="Trematoda" family="Dicrocoeliidae" genus="Platynosomum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E94811B2A281765" box="[965,1124,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Platynosomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(74.1%); and 1 acanthocephalan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E19813B2A751785" box="[840,1081,1131,1154]" class="Archiacanthocephala" family="Oligacanthorhynchidae" genus="Macracanthorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oligacanthorhynchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E19813B2A751785" box="[840,1081,1131,1154]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Macracanthorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(10%—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B69C2813B2B4B1785" author="CHEN, C. - C." box="[1171,1287,1131,1154]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref8435" refString="CHEN, C. - C. 2003. Spatial and seasonal distribution of ticks and intestinal helminths in Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica) in Shanping. Thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan." type="book" year="2003">Chen 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two species of ticks were also observed:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B697E81DB2A8917A5" box="[1071,1221,1163,1186]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B697E81DB2A8917A5" box="[1071,1221,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Ixodes ovatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B685381DB2DC417C5" authority="(Chen 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Chen" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Haemaphysalis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B685381DB2BEA17A5" box="[1282,1446,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Haemaphysalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B68EB81DB2D3117C5" author="CHEN, C. - C." pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref8435" refString="CHEN, C. - C. 2003. Spatial and seasonal distribution of ticks and intestinal helminths in Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica) in Shanping. Thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan." type="book" year="2003">Chen 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4DA60B6E22819B2BFF16A5" blockId="5.[838,1524,203,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
In Hoengseonggun,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B691C819B2A9A17E5" box="[1101,1238,1227,1250]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the tapeworm
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B682F819B2DB11605" class="Cestoda" family="Diphyllobothriidae" genus="Spirometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diphyllobothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="erinaceieuropaei">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B682F819B2DB11605" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Spirometra erinaceieuropaei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABCE4AFE0B4DA60B69FB81BB2AAD1605" box="[1194,1249,1259,1282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" type="generic">
|
||
1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B699281BB2AAD1605" box="[1219,1249,1259,1282]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B699281BB2AAD1605" box="[1219,1249,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
sibirica individual (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B689A81BB2DF11625" author="LEE, S. - H. & E. - Y. CHOE & H. - D. SHIN & M. SEO" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="379 - 381" refId="ref9583" refString="LEE, S. - H., E. - Y. CHOE, H. - D. SHIN, AND M. SEO. 2013. Spargana in a weasel, Mustela sibirica manchurica, and a wild boar, Sus scrofa, from Gangwon-do, Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology 51: 379 - 381." type="journal article" year="2013">Lee et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The nematode
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B692B805B2BDD1625" box="[1146,1425,1291,1314]" class="Secernentea" family="Gnathostomatidae" genus="Gnathostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nipponicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B692B805B2BDD1625" box="[1146,1425,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Gnathostoma nipponicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been found in populations in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4DA60B69DE807B2A9B1645" box="[1167,1239,1323,1346]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Jejudo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B69B4807B2B211645" box="[1253,1389,1323,1346]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B68D1807B2D311665" author="WOO, H. - C. & H. - S. OH & S. - H. CHO & B. - K. NA & W. - M. SOHN" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="317 - 321" refId="ref11186" refString="WOO, H. - C., H. - S. OH, S. - H. CHO, B. - K. NA, AND W. - M. SOHN. 2011. The Jeju weasel, Mustela sibilica quelpartis, a new definitive host for Gnathostoma nipponicum Yamaguti, 1941. The Korean Journal of Parasitology 49: 317 - 321." type="journal article" year="2011">Woo et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some South Korean populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6842801B2BC41665" box="[1299,1416,1355,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6842801B2BC41665" box="[1299,1416,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have also been identified to carry vector-borne diseases through infections from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6ED280DB2DAB16A5" authorityName="Moshkovski" authorityYear="1945" box="[899,999,1419,1442]" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Anaplasmataceae" genus="Ehrlichia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Rickettsiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6ED280DB2DAB16A5" box="[899,999,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Ehrlichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B694A80DB2ADF16A5" authorityName="Theiler" authorityYear="1910" box="[1051,1171,1419,1442]" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Anaplasmataceae" genus="Anaplasma" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Rickettsiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B694A80DB2ADF16A5" box="[1051,1171,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Anaplasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B69A780DB2BEF16A5" author="CHAE, J. - S." box="[1270,1443,1419,1442]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="118 - 125" refId="ref8379" refString="CHAE, J. - S., ET AL. 2003. Molecular epidemiological study for tick- borne disease (Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp.) surveillance at selected U. S. Military Training Sites / Installations in Korea. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 990: 118 - 125." type="journal article" year="2003">Chae et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4DA60B6E2280FB2D841545" blockId="5.[838,1524,203,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
Parasites found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B690280FB2A9C16C5" box="[1107,1232,1451,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B690280FB2A9C16C5" box="[1107,1232,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B685580FB2B0716C5" box="[1284,1355,1451,1474]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
include mites
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E19809B2A5E16E5" box="[840,1042,1483,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E19809B2A5E16E5" box="[840,1042,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Ixodes persulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B691A809B2B5116E5" box="[1099,1309,1483,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Dermacentor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caina">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B691A809B2B5116E5" box="[1099,1309,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Dermacentor caina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the nematodes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6E1980BB2DAE1505" authorityName="Henry & Sisoff" authorityYear="1913" box="[840,994,1515,1538]" class="Chromadorea" family="Acuariidae" genus="Agamospirura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6E1980BB2DAE1505" box="[840,994,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Agamospirura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6EA880BB2BC41505" authority=", Scriabingulus" authorityName="Scriabingulus" box="[1017,1416,1515,1538]" class="Secernentea" family="Filaroididae" genus="Filaroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strongylida" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6EA880BB2A901505" box="[1017,1244,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Filaroides orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B69A580BB2BC41505" box="[1268,1416,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Scriabingulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B68C980BB2BBE1505" box="[1432,1522,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">nasicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6E00835B2DBB1525" author="ROMANOV, I. V." box="[849,1015,1547,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="995 - 1002" refId="ref10321" refString="ROMANOV, I. V. 1960. The helminth fauna of sables and other Mustelidae in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 39: 995 - 1002." type="journal article" year="1960">Romanov 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Kontrimavichus and Kazakov 1966;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B68CC835B2DF41545" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4DA60B6E22831B2A681485" blockId="5.[838,1524,203,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">
|
||
The 1st reported cases of neoplasia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6850831B2B381565" box="[1281,1396,1611,1634]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6850831B2B381565" box="[1281,1396,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred in 2 nonwild individuals in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4DA60B6903833B2ABC1585" box="[1106,1264,1643,1666]" country="Germany" name="Niedersachsen" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Lower Saxony</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4DA60B69AB833B2B111585" box="[1274,1373,1643,1666]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
game reserve (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6E0083DB2A5815A5" author="ZoLLER, M. & F. AEFFNER & J. MuLLER & RENSING, AND & F. J. KAUP" box="[849,1044,1675,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="15 - 20" refId="ref11639" refString="ZoLLER, M., F. AEFFNER, J. MuLLER, K. MaTZ- RENSING, AND F. J. KAUP. 2008. Neoplasia in the Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica): two case reports of fibrosarcoma and interstitial cell tumour. European Journal of Wildlife Research 54: 15 - 20." type="journal article" year="2008">Zöller et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The male specimen exhibited an interstitial cell tumor in the right testicle, and subsequent necropsy revealed tumor lesions within the abdominal cavity and spleen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6E0083BB2A551405" author="ZoLLER, M. & F. AEFFNER & J. MuLLER & RENSING, AND & F. J. KAUP" box="[849,1049,1771,1794]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="15 - 20" refId="ref11639" refString="ZoLLER, M., F. AEFFNER, J. MuLLER, K. MaTZ- RENSING, AND F. J. KAUP. 2008. Neoplasia in the Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica): two case reports of fibrosarcoma and interstitial cell tumour. European Journal of Wildlife Research 54: 15 - 20." type="journal article" year="2008">Zöller et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The female specimen exhibited a fibrosarcoma on the upper left hind limb; the tumor had developed multiple times after removal of the original tumor (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6825827B2D311465" author="ZoLLER, M. & F. AEFFNER & J. MuLLER & RENSING, AND & F. J. KAUP" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="15 - 20" refId="ref11639" refString="ZoLLER, M., F. AEFFNER, J. MuLLER, K. MaTZ- RENSING, AND F. J. KAUP. 2008. Neoplasia in the Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica): two case reports of fibrosarcoma and interstitial cell tumour. European Journal of Wildlife Research 54: 15 - 20." type="journal article" year="2008">Zöller et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4DA60B6EC2821B2A491465" box="[915,1029,1867,1890]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4DA60B6EC2821B2A491465" box="[915,1029,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="114">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be infected by canine distemper virus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4DA60B6E00823B2A581485" author="KAMEO, Y." box="[849,1044,1899,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="114" pagination="222 - 229" refId="ref9091" refString="KAMEO, Y., ET AL. 2012. Epizootic canine distemper virus infection among wild mammals. Veterinary Microbiology 154: 222 - 229." type="journal article" year="2012">Kameo et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6086DC9859B2C7512E5" blockId="6.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086DC9859B2CC413E5" box="[152,648,203,227]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086DC9859B2FF513E4" bold="true" box="[152,441,203,227]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Interspecific interactions.</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086C85859B2CC413E5" box="[468,648,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">Mustela sibirica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs sympatrically with other carnivorans including felids, canids, and other mustelids such as martens, ferret-badgers, weasels, and polecats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086D8D847B2FFB1245" author="SHAPOSHNIKOV, F. D." box="[220,439,299,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10672" refString="SHAPOSHNIKOV, F. D. 1956. Ecology of the sable of the Northeastern Altai. Pp. 20 - 32 in Sbornik materialov po rezultatum izucheniya mlekopitayushikh v gosudarstvennikh zapovednikakh. Moscow, Russia (in Russian). USSR Soviet Ministry, Moscow, Soviet Union." type="book" year="1956">Shaposhnikov 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086C9A847B2C261245" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[459,618,299,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086F2F847B2D5C1245" author="BAKEEV, Y. N." box="[638,784,299,322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref8172" refString="BAKEEV, Y. N. 1971. The distribution and population dynamics of the Siberian kolinsky in the western part of its range in the USSR. Pp. 149 - 159 in Biology of mustelids: some Soviet research (C. M. King, ed.). Vol. 2. Science Information Division, Wellington, New Zealand." type="book" year="1971">Bakeev 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Tatara and Doi 1994;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086C34841B2F861265" author="WU, H. Y." box="[357,458,331,354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="443 - 451" refId="ref11305" refString="WU, H. Y. 1999. Is there current competition between sympatric Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and ferret badgers (Melogale moschata) in a subtropical forest ecosystem of Taiwan? Zoological Studies 38: 443 - 451." type="journal article" year="1999">Wu 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086C8A841B2CE71265" author="CHIANG, P. J. & K. J. C. PEI & M. R. VAUGHAN & C. F. LI" box="[475,683,331,354]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="500 - 511" refId="ref8474" refString="CHIANG, P. J., K. J. C. PEI, M. R. VAUGHAN, AND C. F. LI. 2012. Niche relationships of carnivores in a subtropical primary forest in southern Taiwan. Zoological Studies 51: 500 - 511." type="journal article" year="2012">Chiang et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Spatial, dietary, and temporal variation in resource use have been suggested to limit competition among these carnivores, but no study to date has truly investigated interspecific interactions between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086D9E849B2F0B12E5" box="[207,327,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086D9E849B2F0B12E5" box="[207,327,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other carnivorans
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6086DC984BB2CD011E5" blockId="6.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086DC984BB2F011105" box="[152,333,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086DC984BB2F011105" box="[152,333,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits great dietary overlap with the yellow-throated marten
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086C26875B2CFE1125" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1866" box="[375,690,523,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="flavigula" subSpecies="chrysospila">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086C26875B2CFE1125" box="[375,690,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Martes flavigula chrysospila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Tawu Mountain Nature Reserve,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4EA6086CFC877B2FB11145" box="[429,509,555,578]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, suggesting interspecific competition for food (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086C32871B2C631165" author="CHIANG, P. J. & K. J. C. PEI & M. R. VAUGHAN & C. F. LI" box="[355,559,587,610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="500 - 511" refId="ref8474" refString="CHIANG, P. J., K. J. C. PEI, M. R. VAUGHAN, AND C. F. LI. 2012. Niche relationships of carnivores in a subtropical primary forest in southern Taiwan. Zoological Studies 51: 500 - 511." type="journal article" year="2012">Chiang et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite the similar diets, yellow-throated martens exhibit almost exclusively diurnal activity patterns, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086CD787DB2FB711A5" box="[390,507,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086CD787DB2FB711A5" box="[390,507,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost exclusively nocturnal, thus suggesting that the 2 mustelids limit competition by avoiding each other temporally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086C99879B2CC011E5" author="CHIANG, P. J. & K. J. C. PEI & M. R. VAUGHAN & C. F. LI" box="[456,652,715,738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="500 - 511" refId="ref8474" refString="CHIANG, P. J., K. J. C. PEI, M. R. VAUGHAN, AND C. F. LI. 2012. Niche relationships of carnivores in a subtropical primary forest in southern Taiwan. Zoological Studies 51: 500 - 511." type="journal article" year="2012">Chiang et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6086DC987BB2C4D10E5" blockId="6.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Similarly, although sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086CB387BB2C161005" box="[482,602,747,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086CB387BB2C161005" box="[482,602,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Chinese ferret-badgers
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086DBC865B2FF21025" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[237,446,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Melogale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moschata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086DBC865B2FF21025" box="[237,446,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Melogale moschata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have substantial dietary overlap in the Guandaushi Forests of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4EA6086CFC867B2FB11045" box="[429,509,811,834]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the relative abundance of prey items for each differed significantly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086F78861B2CC41065" author="WU, H. Y." box="[553,648,843,866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="443 - 451" refId="ref11305" refString="WU, H. Y. 1999. Is there current competition between sympatric Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and ferret badgers (Melogale moschata) in a subtropical forest ecosystem of Taiwan? Zoological Studies 38: 443 - 451." type="journal article" year="1999">Wu 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086D3D863B2EAA1085" box="[108,230,875,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086D3D863B2EAA1085" box="[108,230,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur at higher elevations (
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4EA6086F45863B2CF51085" box="[532,697,875,898]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="1550.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1400.0">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B4EA6086F45863B2C1C1085" box="[532,592,875,898]" degrees="1,400" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" precision="55" value="1.4">1,400</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D8FCE7B00B4EA6086F01863B2CD61085" box="[592,666,875,898]" degrees="1,700" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" precision="55" value="-1.7">–1,700</geoCoordinate>
|
||
m
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) characterized by secondary forest and flat terrain, whereas Chinese ferret-badgers occur at lower elevations (
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4EA6086F7886FB2CF610C5" box="[553,698,939,962]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="1125.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="850.0">850–1,400 m</quantity>
|
||
) characterized by primary forests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086CC1869B2FBC10E5" author="WU, H. Y." box="[400,496,971,994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="443 - 451" refId="ref11305" refString="WU, H. Y. 1999. Is there current competition between sympatric Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and ferret badgers (Melogale moschata) in a subtropical forest ecosystem of Taiwan? Zoological Studies 38: 443 - 451." type="journal article" year="1999">Wu 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6086DC986BB2CE01605" blockId="6.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
In the Tsushima Islands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4EA6086CE586BB2FBF1705" box="[436,499,1003,1026]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086CAD86BB2C3C1705" box="[508,624,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086CAD86BB2C3C1705" box="[508,624,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs sympatrically with 2 other species of carnivores: the Tsushima leopard cat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086DC2817B2FFF1745" box="[147,435,1067,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bengalensis" subSpecies="euptilura">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086DC2817B2FFF1745" box="[147,435,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Felis bengalensis euptilura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the Tsushima marten
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086F9D817B2C7E1765" authority="(Tatara and Doi 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Tatara and Doi" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="melampus" subSpecies="tsuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086F9D817B2F7A1765" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Martes melampus tsuensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Tatara and Doi 1994)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scat analyses reveal that the 3 carnivores do not compete for food: martens are the most hypocarnivorous and consumed mainly fruits and berries, whereas leopard cats are the most hypercarnivorous and consumed small mammals and birds.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086CB2819B2C1617E5" box="[483,602,1227,1250]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086CB2819B2C1617E5" box="[483,602,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits an intermediate, mesocarnivorous diet (Tatara and Doi 1994).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6086DC9805B2C8B1565" blockId="6.[108,794,203,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086DC9805B2F011625" box="[152,333,1291,1314]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086DC9805B2F011625" box="[152,333,1291,1314]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
co-occurs with the sable
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086FD2805B2EDA1645" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Martes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibellina">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086FD2805B2EDA1645" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Martes zibellina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the taiga forests of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4EA6086C90807B2FB51645" box="[449,505,1323,1346]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Altai</collectingRegion>
|
||
, the Far East, and eastern Siberia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086D9F801B2F111665" author="BAKEEV, Y. N." box="[206,349,1355,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref8172" refString="BAKEEV, Y. N. 1971. The distribution and population dynamics of the Siberian kolinsky in the western part of its range in the USSR. Pp. 149 - 159 in Biology of mustelids: some Soviet research (C. M. King, ed.). Vol. 2. Science Information Division, Wellington, New Zealand." type="book" year="1971">Bakeev 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Sables generally eat small mammals, birds, and vegetation matter such as nuts and berries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086FF4803B2EFC16A5" author="MONAKHOV, V. G." pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="75 - 86" refId="ref10169" refString="MONAKHOV, V. G. 2011 b. Martes zibellina (Carnivora: Mustelidae). Mammalian Species 43: 75 - 86." type="journal article" year="2011">Monakhov 2011b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, during periods of poor vegetation growth, sables directly compete with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086C9780FB2C0F16C5" box="[454,579,1451,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086C9780FB2C0F16C5" box="[454,579,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for small rodents (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086D27809B2F0016E5" author="SHAPOSHNIKOV, F. D." box="[118,332,1483,1506]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10672" refString="SHAPOSHNIKOV, F. D. 1956. Ecology of the sable of the Northeastern Altai. Pp. 20 - 32 in Sbornik materialov po rezultatum izucheniya mlekopitayushikh v gosudarstvennikh zapovednikakh. Moscow, Russia (in Russian). USSR Soviet Ministry, Moscow, Soviet Union." type="book" year="1956">Shaposhnikov 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this situation sables display agnostic behaviors toward
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086C6580BB2FE21505" box="[308,430,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086C6580BB2FE21505" box="[308,430,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and often drive them into open habitats which results in decreased populations of weasels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086D27837B2F051545" author="SHAPOSHNIKOV, F. D." box="[118,329,1579,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10672" refString="SHAPOSHNIKOV, F. D. 1956. Ecology of the sable of the Northeastern Altai. Pp. 20 - 32 in Sbornik materialov po rezultatum izucheniya mlekopitayushikh v gosudarstvennikh zapovednikakh. Moscow, Russia (in Russian). USSR Soviet Ministry, Moscow, Soviet Union." type="book" year="1956">Shaposhnikov 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086C08837B2FA91545" author="BAKEEV, Y. N." box="[345,485,1579,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref8172" refString="BAKEEV, Y. N. 1971. The distribution and population dynamics of the Siberian kolinsky in the western part of its range in the USSR. Pp. 149 - 159 in Biology of mustelids: some Soviet research (C. M. King, ed.). Vol. 2. Science Information Division, Wellington, New Zealand." type="book" year="1971">Bakeev 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Fur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086F19837B2CF21545" box="[584,702,1579,1602]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086F19837B2CF21545" box="[584,702,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is occasionally found in sable excrement (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086CB5831B2CFB1565" author="SHAPOSHNIKOV, F. D." box="[484,695,1611,1634]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10672" refString="SHAPOSHNIKOV, F. D. 1956. Ecology of the sable of the Northeastern Altai. Pp. 20 - 32 in Sbornik materialov po rezultatum izucheniya mlekopitayushikh v gosudarstvennikh zapovednikakh. Moscow, Russia (in Russian). USSR Soviet Ministry, Moscow, Soviet Union." type="book" year="1956">Shaposhnikov 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6086DC9833B2D841265" blockId="6.[108,794,203,1954]" lastBlockId="6.[840,1524,203,802]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086DC9833B2F051585" box="[152,329,1643,1666]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086DC9833B2F051585" box="[152,329,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric to 3 other mustelines in the Baraba steppe of Western Siberia:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086CBA83DB2C2915A5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[491,613,1675,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086CBA83DB2C2915A5" box="[491,613,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. erminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086F2483DB2CAE15A5" box="[629,738,1675,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086F2483DB2CAE15A5" box="[629,738,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. nivalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086D2183FB2CC515C5" authority="(Abramov and Puzachenko 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[112,649,1707,1730]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086D2183FB2F4515C5" box="[112,265,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
(Abramov and Puzachenko 2012)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Gut-content analyses found that rodents comprised of 100% of each of these 4 mustelines, with great overlap in the consumption of smaller rodent species such as mice and voles (Ternovsky and Danilov 1965). However, analyses on cranial traits suggest that these 4 mustelines occupy different regions of cranial morphospace and thus may utilize different resources (Abramov and Puzachenko 2012). A more comprehensive study is needed to understand patterns of resource partitioning between these 4
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086836859B2BF113E5" box="[1383,1469,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086836859B2BF113E5" box="[1383,1469,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Mustela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Natural hybridization between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA608699685BB2B771205" box="[1223,1339,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608699685BB2B771205" box="[1223,1339,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA608683F85BB2D281225" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608683F85BB2D281225" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is observed, resulting in hybrids known as “giant kolonoks” that are much larger than typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA60869CF847B2B5E1245" box="[1182,1298,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA60869CF847B2B5E1245" box="[1182,1298,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA60868CC847B2DF41265" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6086E22843B2B701025" blockId="6.[840,1524,203,802]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Invasive populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086928843B2ABC1285" box="[1145,1264,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086928843B2ABC1285" box="[1145,1264,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4EA6086846843B2B181285" box="[1303,1364,363,386]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
are now sympatric with some populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA60869F784DB2AB212A5" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[1190,1278,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA60869F784DB2AB212A5" box="[1190,1278,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and some researchers have postulated that the 2 weasels compete for resources (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA60868FC84FB2DF212E5" author="SASAKI, H." pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="133 - 139" refId="ref10435" refString="SASAKI, H., ET AL. 2014. Factors affecting the distribution of the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi and the Siberian weasel M. sibirica in Japan. Mammal Study 39: 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="2014">Sasaki et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No comprehensive study has tested this hypothesis. Recent distribution studies suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA608681184BB2BEC1105" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[1344,1440,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608681184BB2BEC1105" box="[1344,1440,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in grasslands and plantations and avoids urban areas, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086E19877B2D8C1145" box="[840,960,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086E19877B2D8C1145" box="[840,960,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more abundant in locations with greater human activity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086EF9871B2A2A1165" author="SASAKI, H." box="[936,1126,587,610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="133 - 139" refId="ref10435" refString="SASAKI, H., ET AL. 2014. Factors affecting the distribution of the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi and the Siberian weasel M. sibirica in Japan. Mammal Study 39: 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="2014">Sasaki et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA608692F871B2B021165" author="SASAKI, H." box="[1150,1358,587,610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="133 - 139" refId="ref10435" refString="SASAKI, H., ET AL. 2014. Factors affecting the distribution of the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi and the Siberian weasel M. sibirica in Japan. Mammal Study 39: 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="2014">Sasaki et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
speculates that the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086EBD873B2A081185" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[1004,1092,619,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086EBD873B2A081185" box="[1004,1092,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prevents range expansion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086826873B2BA61185" box="[1399,1514,619,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086826873B2BA61185" box="[1399,1514,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086E1987DB2DF211A5" box="[840,958,651,674]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086E1987DB2DF211A5" box="[840,958,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
primarily occurs in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4EA60869A587DB2B7F11A5" box="[1268,1331,651,674]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and although the distribution is slowly expanding eastward, the range cannot expand past the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4EA6086EAE879B2AFF11E5" box="[1023,1203,715,738]" country="Japan" name="Aichi" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Aichi Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086858879B2B2A11E5" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[1289,1382,715,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086858879B2B2A11E5" box="[1289,1382,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is dominant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086E0087BB2A571005" author="SASAKI, H." box="[849,1051,747,770]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="133 - 139" refId="ref10435" refString="SASAKI, H., ET AL. 2014. Factors affecting the distribution of the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi and the Siberian weasel M. sibirica in Japan. Mammal Study 39: 133 - 139." type="journal article" year="2014">Sasaki et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Known predators of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA608684E87BB2BD41005" box="[1311,1432,747,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608684E87BB2BD41005" box="[1311,1432,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include foxes and large falconiformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA60869C5865B2B601025" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[1172,1324,779,802]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="D447989C0B4EA608691086062A8316F6" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA608691086062AB51077" blockId="6.[1089,1273,854,880]" box="[1089,1273,854,880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<heading id="E63F361B0B4EA608691086062AB51077" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1089,1273,854,880]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608691086062AB51077" bold="true" box="[1089,1273,854,880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">HUSBANDRY</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6086E2286CA2AED1676" blockId="6.[839,1523,922,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086E2286CA2A6910B6" box="[883,1061,922,945]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086E2286CA2A6910B6" box="[883,1061,922,945]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rarely held in captivity because of the difficulty in raising them.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA608692B86EA2ABB10D6" box="[1146,1271,954,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608692B86EA2ABB10D6" box="[1146,1271,954,977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently found in only a few zoos such as the Longleat Safari Park in Britain, the Poznan Zoo in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4EA608694F86AA2A201716" box="[1054,1132,1018,1041]" name="Poland" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Dresden Zoo in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4EA60868DB86AA2BA31716" box="[1418,1519,1018,1041]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The Experimental Research Station in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4EA60869A7814A2B301736" box="[1270,1404,1050,1073]" country="Russia" name="Novosibirsk" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Novosibirsk</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4EA60868D8814A2B981736" box="[1417,1492,1050,1073]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is the most successful in breeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA60869EF816A2A551776" authority="(Ternovsky and Ternovskaya 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA60869EF816A2B751756" box="[1214,1337,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
(Ternovsky and Ternovskaya 1994)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Captive breeding can result in interspecies hybrids between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086952812A2A361796" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1027,1146,1146,1169]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086952812A2A361796" box="[1027,1146,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA60869EA812A2B191796" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1211,1365,1146,1169]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA60869EA812A2B191796" box="[1211,1365,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the European mink
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086EC181CA2A5E17B6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[912,1042,1178,1201]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutreola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086EC181CA2A5E17B6" box="[912,1042,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. lutreola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the European polecat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA608683A81CA2A9917D6" authority="(Ternovsky and Ternovskaya 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="putorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608683A81CA2BBF17B6" box="[1387,1523,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. putorius</emphasis>
|
||
(Ternovsky and Ternovskaya 1994)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, whether these hybrids are reproductively viable is unknown. Individuals of
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086E1981AA2D9B1616" box="[840,983,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. s. coreana</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4EA608694981AA2AD21616" box="[1048,1182,1274,1297]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
were kept in Japanese fur farms in the late 1920s to early 1930s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA608699C804A2B041636" author="LONG, J." box="[1229,1352,1306,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref9645" refString="LONG, J. 2003. Introduced mammals of the world: their history, distribution and influence. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria, Austalia." type="book" year="2003">Long 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA608680A804A2BAF1636" author="SASAKI, H." box="[1371,1507,1306,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10380" refString="SASAKI, H. 2009. Mustela sibirica Pallas, 1773. Pp. 242 - 243 in The wild mammals of Japan (S. D. Ohdachi, Y. Ishibashi, M. A. Iwasa, and T. Saitoh, eds.). Shoukadoh, Kyoto, Japan." type="book" year="2009">Sasaki 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086E19806A2D8C1656" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[840,960,1338,1361]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086E19806A2D8C1656" box="[840,960,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are kept in Chinese fur farms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086844806A2ADD1676" author="EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF DOG AND ANIMAL WELFARE & ESDAW" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref8644" refString="EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF DOG AND ANIMAL WELFARE (ESDAW). 2015. European Society of Dog and Animal Welfare. http: // www. esdaw. eu /. Accessed 20 September 2015." type="url" year="2015">European Society of Dog and Animal Welfare 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6086E22802A2A8316F6" blockId="6.[839,1523,922,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086E22802A2A531696" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[883,1055,1402,1425]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086E22802A2A531696" box="[883,1055,1402,1425]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and kohhosiks (hybrids between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA608682F802A2BBD1696" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1406,1521,1402,1425]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608682F802A2BBD1696" box="[1406,1521,1402,1425]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086E2980CA2A5F16B6" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[888,1043,1434,1457]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086E2980CA2A5F16B6" box="[888,1043,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are kept as pets in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4EA60869AA80CA2B0E16B6" box="[1275,1346,1434,1457]" name="Russia" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA608680480CA2D9416D6" author="RUSSIAN FERRET SOCIETY" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10350" refString="RUSSIAN FERRET SOCIETY. 2007. Russian Ferret Society. http: // www. ferret. ru / eng / index. html. Accessed 20 September 2015." type="url" year="2007">Russian Ferret Society 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The oldest known captive individual lived for 8 years and 10 months (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086916808A2AF216F6" author="JONES, M. L." box="[1095,1214,1498,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="113 - 28" refId="ref9069" refString="JONES, M. L. 1982. Longevity of captive mammals. Der Zoologische Garten 52: 113 - 28." type="journal article" year="1982">Jones 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="D447989C0B4EA609690183782F521125" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA608690183782AA71545" blockId="6.[1104,1259,1576,1602]" box="[1104,1259,1576,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<heading id="E63F361B0B4EA608690183782AA71545" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1104,1259,1576,1602]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608690183782AA71545" bold="true" box="[1104,1259,1576,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">BEHAVIOR</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6086E22833B2DB51465" blockId="6.[840,1523,1643,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
The behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA608697D833B2A901585" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1068,1244,1643,1666]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608697D833B2A901585" box="[1068,1244,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not well studied compared to other Palearctic mustelines.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA608698083DB2B0A15A5" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1233,1350,1675,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA608698083DB2B0A15A5" box="[1233,1350,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typically crepuscular or nocturnal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA608696C83FB2B4115C5" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[1085,1293,1707,1730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA608684D83FB2BAF15C5" author="CHIANG, P. J. & K. J. C. PEI & M. R. VAUGHAN & C. F. LI" box="[1308,1507,1707,1730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="500 - 511" refId="ref8474" refString="CHIANG, P. J., K. J. C. PEI, M. R. VAUGHAN, AND C. F. LI. 2012. Niche relationships of carnivores in a subtropical primary forest in southern Taiwan. Zoological Studies 51: 500 - 511." type="journal article" year="2012">Chiang et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nocturnal activities are believed to limit resource competition with other carnivorans such as yellow-throated martens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA60868F783BB2DFB1425" author="CHIANG, P. J. & K. J. C. PEI & M. R. VAUGHAN & C. F. LI" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" pagination="500 - 511" refId="ref8474" refString="CHIANG, P. J., K. J. C. PEI, M. R. VAUGHAN, AND C. F. LI. 2012. Niche relationships of carnivores in a subtropical primary forest in southern Taiwan. Zoological Studies 51: 500 - 511." type="journal article" year="2012">Chiang et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086E9F825B2A0E1425" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[974,1090,1803,1826]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086E9F825B2A0E1425" box="[974,1090,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is solitary with the exception of females raising young (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086EBA827B2A3F1445" author="NOWAK, R. M." box="[1003,1139,1835,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10220" refString="NOWAK, R. M. 2005. Walker's carnivores of the world. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland." type="book" year="2005">Nowak 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Males do not assist in raising kits (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA6086E00821B2DA51465" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[849,1001,1867,1890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4EA6096E22823B2F341265" blockId="6.[840,1523,1643,1954]" lastBlockId="7.[109,792,203,546]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Like other mustelines,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4EA6086936823B2A971485" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1127,1243,1899,1922]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4EA6086936823B2A971485" box="[1127,1243,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="115">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
uses anal glands for scent communication, marking territory, and defense (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4EA608680782DB2BAF14A5" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[1366,1507,1931,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="115" refId="ref10274" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1941. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Vol. II. Carnivora (suborders Aeluroidae (part) and Arctoidae). Taylor and Francis, Ltd, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1941">Pocock 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of sex-specific compounds in the anal glands suggests that chemical secretion could be used to code for information between males and females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096C80845B2CC61225" author="ZHANG, J. X. & J. NI & X. J. REN & L. SUN & Z. BIN ZHANG & Z. W. WANG" box="[465,650,267,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="381 - 388" refId="ref11510" refString="ZHANG, J. X., J. NI, X. J. REN, L. SUN, Z. BIN ZHANG, AND Z. W. WANG. 2003. Possible coding for recognition of sexes, individuals and species in anal gland volatiles of Mustela eversmanni and M. sibirica. Chemical Senses 28: 381 - 388." type="journal article" year="2003">Zhang et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Individuals caught in traps exhibit ear-piercing screams and anal-gland secretion (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096D8C841B2F2B1265" author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[221,359,331,354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refId="ref10274" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1941. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Vol. II. Carnivora (suborders Aeluroidae (part) and Arctoidae). Taylor and Francis, Ltd, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1941">Pocock 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4FA6096DC9843B2F521125" blockId="7.[109,792,203,546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Both daily movements and seasonal migrations are dependent on fluctuations of prey population (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096F7D84DB2D4412A5" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[556,776,395,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096D3C84FB2EAC12C5" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[109,224,427,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096D3C84FB2EAC12C5" box="[109,224,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can move up to
|
||
<quantity id="7A302C920B4FA6096CDF84FB2F8F12C5" box="[398,451,427,450]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
in a single night (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096FD084FB2D4412C5" author="NOWAK, R. M." box="[641,776,427,450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refId="ref10220" refString="NOWAK, R. M. 2005. Walker's carnivores of the world. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland." type="book" year="2005">Nowak 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096D3C849B2EAA12E5" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[109,230,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096D3C849B2EAA12E5" box="[109,230,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reportedly a good swimmer and climber and is able to pursue water voles in lakes and chase squirrels in trees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096D27875B2F421125" author="NOVIKOV, G." box="[118,270,523,546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refId="ref10194" refString="NOVIKOV, G. 1962. Carnivorous mammals of the fauna of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel." type="book" year="1962">Novikov 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="D447989C0B4FA6096C2687192F211563" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B4FA6096C2687192F211563" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4FA6096C2687192C431164" blockId="7.[375,527,585,611]" box="[375,527,585,611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<heading id="E63F361B0B4FA6096C2687192C431164" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[375,527,585,611]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096C2687192C431164" bold="true" box="[375,527,585,611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">GENETICS</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4FA6096DC987DD2FDF1023" blockId="7.[105,794,653,1636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096DC987DD2F0411A3" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[152,328,653,676]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096DC987DD2F0411A3" box="[152,328,653,676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a diploid number (2n) of 38 chromosomes and a fundamental number (FN) of 58 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096FD787FD2EEE11E3" author="KUROSE, N. & R. MASUDA & T. AOI & S. WATANABE" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="269 - 275" refId="ref9388" refString="KUROSE, N., R. MASUDA, T. AOI, AND S. WATANABE. 2000. Karyological differentiation between two closely related mustelids, the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi and the Siberian weasel M. sibirica. Caryologia 53: 269 - 275." type="journal article" year="2000">Kurose et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The karyotype consists of 7 pairs of metacentrics, 4 pairs of submetacentrics, 7 pairs of acrocentrics, and 2 sex chromosomes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096D91865D2FCE1023" author="KUROSE, N. & R. MASUDA & T. AOI & S. WATANABE" box="[192,386,781,804]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="269 - 275" refId="ref9388" refString="KUROSE, N., R. MASUDA, T. AOI, AND S. WATANABE. 2000. Karyological differentiation between two closely related mustelids, the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi and the Siberian weasel M. sibirica. Caryologia 53: 269 - 275." type="journal article" year="2000">Kurose et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4FA6096DC9867D2D4D1743" blockId="7.[105,794,653,1636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096DC9867D2F781043" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[152,308,813,836]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096DC9867D2F781043" box="[152,308,813,836]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Mustela itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was once classified as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096D3C861D2EA71063" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[109,235,845,868]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096D3C861D2EA71063" box="[109,235,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mitochondrial DNA data have since validated the separation of the 2
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096C20863D2F8B1083" box="[369,455,877,900]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096C20863D2F8B1083" box="[369,455,877,900]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Mustela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with divergence times approximately 1.70–2.40 million years ago (Masuda andYoshida 1994). More recent phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA demonstrate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096CBD869D2C2D10E3" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[492,609,973,996]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096CBD869D2C2D10E3" box="[492,609,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096FC6869D2CBD10E3" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1844" box="[663,753,973,996]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itatsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096FC6869D2CBD10E3" box="[663,753,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. itatsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinct species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096C7186BD2F8A1703" author="SATO, J. J." box="[288,454,1005,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="745 - 757" refId="ref10556" refString="SATO, J. J., ET AL. 2012. Evolutionary and biogeographic history of weasel-like carnivorans (Musteloidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 745 - 757." type="journal article" year="2012">Sato et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096C8C86BD2C1E1703" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[477,594,1005,1028]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096C8C86BD2C1E1703" box="[477,594,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to a clade comprised of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096DAF815D2F381723" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[254,372,1037,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutreola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096DAF815D2F381723" box="[254,372,1037,1060]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. lutreola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096CD3815D2FB01723" baseAuthorityName="Audubon & Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[386,508,1037,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096CD3815D2FB01723" box="[386,508,1037,1060]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096F5B815D2CC91723" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[522,645,1037,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="putorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096F5B815D2CC91723" box="[522,645,1037,1060]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. putorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096FEE815D2EF81743" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096FEE815D2EF81743" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096D95817D2FC51743" author="KOEPFLI, K. P." box="[196,393,1069,1092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="10" refId="ref9242" refString="KOEPFLI, K. P., ET AL. 2008. Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation. BMC Biology 6: 10." type="journal article" year="2008">Koepfli et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096CC9817D2C711743" author="SATO, J. J." box="[408,573,1069,1092]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="745 - 757" refId="ref10556" refString="SATO, J. J., ET AL. 2012. Evolutionary and biogeographic history of weasel-like carnivorans (Musteloidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 745 - 757." type="journal article" year="2012">Sato et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Law et al. 2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4FA6096DC9811D2D4016A3" blockId="7.[105,794,653,1636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Genetic analyses using mitochondria DNA (
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096FC1811D2E361783" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">cytochromeb</emphasis>
|
||
gene) from 5 native populations—Transbaikalia (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4FA6096F91813D2D401783" box="[704,780,1133,1156]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Ural Mountains (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4FA6096C7B81DD2F3A17A3" box="[298,374,1165,1188]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4FA6096CDA81DD2F9717A3" box="[395,475,1165,1188]" name="Taiwan" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4FA6096CB981DD2C3F17A3" box="[488,627,1165,1188]" name="South Korea" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Tsushima Island (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4FA6096DEF81FD2EB117C3" box="[190,253,1197,1220]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
)—as well as non-native populations on mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4FA6096D3E819D2EE017E3" box="[111,172,1229,1252]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
indicated 4 distinct lineages: 1) a Korean lineage including the introduced Japanese population, 2) a Tsushima lineage, 3) a Russian lineage, and 4) a Taiwanese lineage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096FD9805D2EEF1643" author="MASUDA, R." pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="307 - 321" refId="ref9748" refString="MASUDA, R., ET AL. 2012. Molecular phylogeography of the Japanese weasel, Mustela itatsi (Carnivora: Mustelidae), endemic to the Japanese islands, revealed by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 107: 307 - 321." type="journal article" year="2012">Masuda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A separate study also using the cytochrome-
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096FDC807D2CD61643" box="[653,666,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">b</emphasis>
|
||
gene found
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096D3C801D2F5C1663" box="[109,272,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. s. coreanus</emphasis>
|
||
from the Korean Peninsula and
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096F2A801D2ECA1683" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
M. s.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096FEC801D2ECA1683" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Lutreola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelpartis">quelpartis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Jejudo are not distinctly different, suggesting that these populations may not be 2 distinct subspecies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096F0980DD2CB016A3" author="KOH, H. S." box="[600,764,1421,1444]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="133 - 136" refId="ref9279" refString="KOH, H. S., ET AL. 2012. Lack of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence between two subspecies of the Siberian weasel from Korea: Mustela sibirica coreanus from the Korean Peninsula and M. s. quelpartis from Jeju Island. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity 28: 133 - 136." type="journal article" year="2012">Koh et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4FA6096DC980FD2F211563" blockId="7.[105,794,653,1636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096DC980FD2F0916C3" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[152,325,1453,1476]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096DC980FD2F0916C3" box="[152,325,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096CBC80FD2CC816C3" baseAuthorityName="Abramov and Puzachenko" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[493,644,1453,1476]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanii">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096CBC80FD2CC816C3" box="[493,644,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. eversmanii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Baraba steppe of western Siberia, and natural hybridization occurs between these 2 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096C2280BD2C741503" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" box="[371,568,1517,1540]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, captive breeding can result in interspecies hybrids between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096FF2835D2D551523" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[675,793,1549,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096FF2835D2D551523" box="[675,793,1549,1572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096DF6837D2F041543" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1827" box="[167,328,1581,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eversmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096DF6837D2F041543" box="[167,328,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. eversmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096C08837D2F9F1543" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[345,467,1581,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutreola">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096C08837D2F9F1543" box="[345,467,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. lutreola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096F47837D2F251563" authority="(Ternovsky and Ternovskaya 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="putorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096F47837D2CDA1543" box="[534,662,1581,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. putorius</emphasis>
|
||
(Ternovsky and Ternovskaya 1994)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="D447989C0B4FA6096C1E83CE2BDC11A5" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5D2D2FC0B4FA6096C1E83CE2BDC11A5" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4FA6096C1E83CE2C7A15BF" blockId="7.[335,566,1694,1720]" box="[335,566,1694,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<heading id="E63F361B0B4FA6096C1E83CE2C7A15BF" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[335,566,1694,1720]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096C1E83CE2C7A15BF" bold="true" box="[335,566,1694,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">CONSERVATION</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4FA6096DC983B22B8E1285" blockId="7.[109,792,1762,1945]" lastBlockId="7.[839,1525,203,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096DC983B22F1D15FE" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[152,337,1762,1785]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096DC983B22F1D15FE" box="[152,337,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Mustela sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources since 2008 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096CD382722C36143E" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." box="[386,634,1826,1849]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096DC382122F41145E" baseAuthorityName="Ternovsky and Ternovskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[146,269,1858,1881]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096DC382122F41145E" box="[146,269,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are protected under the Appendix III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Convention for the International Trade of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096E19859B2B2F13E5" author="CONVENTION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA & CITES" box="[840,1379,203,226]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refId="ref8525" refString="CONVENTION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES). 2015. Appendix III. https: // www. cites. org / sites / default / files / eng / app / 2015 / E-Appendices- 2015 - 02 - 05. pdf. Accessed 9 September 2015." type="book" year="2015">Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4FA60968DF859B2B8B13E5" box="[1422,1479,203,226]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F0C4F950B4FA6096E1985BB2D331205" box="[840,895,235,258]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">Tibet</collectingRegion>
|
||
wildlife protection list, and the species is listed as “Near Threatened” under the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4FA6096919845B2AC41225" box="[1096,1160,267,290]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Red List (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096851845B2BAF1225" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." box="[1280,1507,267,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species’ wide distribution leads conservationists to presume a large population with stable population sizes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096800841B2D321285" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but no demographic censuses have been undertaken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7781770B4FA6096E2284DB2BDC11A5" blockId="7.[839,1525,203,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">
|
||
Currently, there are no major threats to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA609685A84DB2D8612C5" authority="(Abramov et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Abramov" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA609685A84DB2B3212A5" box="[1291,1406,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA60968DF84DB2DF312C5" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Historically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA609693784FB2A9212C5" box="[1126,1246,427,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA609693784FB2A9212C5" box="[1126,1246,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered a valuable furbearer in Siberia and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4FA609692D849B2AF012E5" box="[1148,1212,459,482]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and used to make “kolinsky stable-hair” paintbrushes as well as ink brushes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA609680F84BB2D311125" author="HEPTNER, V. G. & N. P. NAUMOV & A. G. BANNIKOV" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refId="ref8870" refString="HEPTNER, V. G., N. P. NAUMOV, AND A. G. BANNIKOV 2001. Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 1 b. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="2001">Heptner et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, hunting levels are currently low because of low commercial value of pelts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA6096926877B2B171145" author="ABRAMOV, A. V." box="[1143,1371,555,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" pagination="45214744" refId="ref7932" refString="ABRAMOV, A. V., ET AL. 2016. Mustela sibirica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 41659 A 45214744. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 41659 A 45214744. en. Accessed 16 July 2018." type="book chapter" year="2016">Abramov et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, the placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AC8FAF40B4FA6096959871B2A321165" box="[1032,1150,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Mustela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBC5D650B4FA6096959871B2A321165" box="[1032,1150,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">M. sibirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under Appendix III of CITES has placed restrictions on the importation of kolinsky brushes to some countries such as the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C5DFC1E70B4FA609693A87DB2AB611A5" box="[1131,1274,651,674]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="116">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D959FC860B4FA609685B87DB2BCC11A5" author="SHAW, D." box="[1290,1408,651,674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="116" refId="ref10752" refString="SHAW, D. 2014. Where have all the kolinsky sable brushes gone? Botanical artists guild of Southern California. http: // bagscblog. com / 2014 / 10 / 04 / where-have-all-the-kolinsky-sable-brushes-gone /. Accessed 8 September 2015." type="url" year="2014">Shaw 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |