317 lines
39 KiB
XML
317 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="D55E79C5D19B06C09908136E042FC66A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1323.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5071178" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625504382456" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Goulet, Henri & Mason, Peter G." docDate="2006" docId="03ACA67B636965446004FD5E1DF8FE30" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01323p118.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1323 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1323.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Leiophron australis Goulet & Mason 2006, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FF95DE03637C6553610CFFD91967FFE6" masterDocTitle="Review of the Nearctic species of Leiophron and Peristenus (Hymenoptera Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitizing Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirini:)" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698989877144" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1FCD109789F876B6789ADF11AE3AC999">
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<mods:title id="EFF4062051F7BEB7E70F6179A4E49BF2">Review of the Nearctic species of Leiophron and Peristenus (Hymenoptera Braconidae: Euphorinae) parasitizing Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae: Mirini:)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="808C2DC4847DB2635EECAA04D6EC8E5F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7094ACB217806042ADA8C5C4E36C99D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="88372D2724674F9812F44831B6C96683">Goulet, Henri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E29D3F528C61EFA419A76E0A8B07A951" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="90B1DCB6FAECBC0FD5E6D28ECC7766FC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EE013A2956D5C77008A1AD9C51FBF7FC">Mason, Peter G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="24FF3CC5151BFC5898E65C3204C06225">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="72DAF21BA02CF68A0186CE8CB49E54D1">
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<mods:title id="53BDD12D63C45B484F9A179CB555F91C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="34F4F3089803318A204C26DDC189FF36">
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<mods:date id="AF1C0F2937DBCA9232C4AA7FF82623D0">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="05C4A2B239E59D7F2A24595F3F4F223D" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="661EAF4B41F4B633613C5A5867D450CA">2006-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3FA9DE85B5EF8DD798EADFCDC0A8FFF7">1323</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="EE2A3AE773859128436DBD8BE1E3198F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7D6A232C7FC17AA164ACD6DB6F952883">1</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="59FDE6BB088E417C7F70F3C875528C24">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1323.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="EB8EF0974A9C0DA6231D5BD42897A535">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="57C1F16A0FC2B917281CFBCC7AF89041" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1323.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="187410D160B79D76D4DD88B3FFCBCCB6" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03ACA67B636965446004FD5E1DF8FE30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ACA67B636965446004FD5E1DF8FE30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ACA67B636965446004FD5E1DF8FE30" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C31F44E6636965466004FD5E1B27FD47" box="[264,576,647,673]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBA176D636965466004FD5E1B27FD47" blockId="21.[264,615,647,707]" box="[264,576,647,673]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0F2A001636965466004FD5E1B27FD47" bold="true" box="[264,576,647,673]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B971CB7F636965466004FD5E1B27FD47" bold="true" box="[264,576,647,673]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636965466004FD5E1891FD47" ID-CoL="3SZ4D" authority="Goulet & Mason, 2006" authorityName="Goulet & Mason" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,502,647,673]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B971CB7F636965466004FD5E1891FD47" bold="true" box="[264,502,647,673]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leiophron australis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24276046369654660F2FD5E1B27FD47" box="[510,576,647,673]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F44E6636965466004FD701B00FD25" box="[264,615,681,707]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBA176D636965466004FD701B00FD25" blockId="21.[264,615,647,707]" box="[264,615,681,707]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0F2A001636965466004FD701B00FD25" bold="true" box="[264,615,681,707]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B971CB7F636965466004FD701B00FD25" bold="true" box="[264,615,681,707]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133E0BE863696546601CFD701805FD25" box="[272,354,681,707]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="70.[264,382,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,333,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-39@70.[313,1273,332,1772]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Habitus with frontal view of head. Codes: “a” clypeal colour; “b” metatibial colour; “c” metacoxal colour; “d” forewing colour; “e” mesoscutal colour." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071180/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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habitus, 13, Table 1)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F44E6636965466004FD201A62FBE2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBA176D636965466004FD2018CBFC52" blockId="21.[264,1325,761,1870]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B971CB7F636965466004FD2018A5FCF5" bold="true" box="[264,450,761,787]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B6D1D306369654660C7FD2318CFFC52" collectingDate="1982-07-22" collectingDateMax="1996-06-21" collectingDateMin="1982-07-22" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Host & W. H. Day" country="United States of America" county="Greene Co." location="Greene Co." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="New York" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F31257FD636965466375FD231BD0FCF2" box="[633,695,762,788]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C1D98F6369654663C9FD231A25FCF2" box="[709,834,762,788]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">New York</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62DB6FE163696546625DFD231ABEFCF2" box="[849,985,762,788]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Greene Co.</collectingCounty>
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<typeStatus id="54BEA9CF6369654662EFFD231D34FCF2" box="[995,1107,762,788]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, female (
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<collectionCode id="ED148FA86369654665CFFD231C79FCF2" box="[1219,1310,762,788]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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), labelled: [White] “
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<collectingCountry id="F31257FD6369654660EAFCFB1B40FCDA" box="[486,551,802,828]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">USA</collectingCountry>
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: NY,
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<location id="8EDA41B6636965466360FCFB1B91FCDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ACA67B636965446004FD5E1DF8FE30:8EDA41B6636965466360FCFB1B91FCDA" box="[620,758,802,828]" country="United States of America" county="Greene Co." name="Greene Co." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="New York">Greene Co.</location>
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,
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<collectorName id="26F072BB63696546620AFCFB1A5AFCDA" box="[774,829,802,828]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Host</collectorName>
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col.:
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<date id="FFBB31AD636965466288FCFB1D75FCDA" box="[900,1042,802,828]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1995-06-14">
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<collectingDate id="EFFFC845636965466288FCFB1D75FCDA" box="[900,1042,802,828]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1995-06-14">14.VI. 1995</collectingDate>
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</date>
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Em.:
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<date id="FFBB31AD636965466552FCFB1D83FCDA" box="[1118,1252,802,828]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1996-06-21">
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<collectingDate id="EFFFC845636965466552FCFB1D83FCDA" box="[1118,1252,802,828]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1996-06-21">21.VI.1996</collectingDate>
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</date>
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<collectorName id="26F072BB6369654665E2FCFB1859FC82" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">W.H. Day</collectorName>
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”; [White] “Ex:
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<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE6369654660F0FC931A4BFC82" authority="(Palisot)" baseAuthorityName="Palisot" box="[508,812,842,868]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolaris">Lygus lineolaris (Palisot)</taxonomicName>
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”; [Red] “
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<typeStatus id="54BEA9CF636965466297FC931D5EFC82" box="[923,1081,842,868]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636965466548FC93183DFC6A" authority="Goulet" authorityName="Goulet & Mason" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Leiophron australis Goulet</taxonomicName>
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” Condition: excellent.
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<typeStatus id="54BEA9CF63696546639EFCAB1B9FFC6A" box="[658,760,882,908]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
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male labelled: “
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<collectingCountry id="F31257FD6369654662D3FCAB1D78FC6A" box="[991,1055,882,908]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C1D98F636965466534FCAB1DCCFC6A" box="[1080,1195,882,908]" country="United States of America" name="Delaware" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Delaware</collectingRegion>
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, Newark,
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<date id="FFBB31AD636965466004FC4318FAFC52" box="[264,413,922,948]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1982-07-22">
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<collectingDate id="EFFFC845636965466004FC4318FAFC52" box="[264,413,922,948]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1982-07-22">22.VII.1982</collectingDate>
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</date>
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”
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA176D636965466034FC181A62FBE2" blockId="21.[264,1325,761,1870]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B971CB7F636965466034FC181B07FC3D" bold="true" box="[312,608,961,987]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Origin of species name.</emphasis>
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Word derived from Latin meaning “southern”. This species is the most southerly species included here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F44E6636965466034FBC81AEEFBB2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBA176D636965466034FBC81AEEFBB2" blockId="21.[264,1325,761,1870]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B971CB7F636965466034FBC818D0FBCD" bold="true" box="[312,439,1041,1067]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Forewing vein RS+M developed, head and thorax reddish brown, and lateral margins of metasomal tergum 1 almost parallel.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31F44E6636965456034FBB81B4AF8E2" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBA176D636965466034FBB81A4DFA58" blockId="21.[264,1325,761,1870]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B971CB7F636965466034FBB818B7FB9D" bold="true" box="[312,464,1121,1147]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
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FEMALE. Colour. Body generally reddish brown except for small black spot anterior to ocelli; propodeum, metanotum and metasomal tergum 1 brown (
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<figureCitation id="133E0BE86369654665CEFB531C7CFB42" box="[1218,1307,1162,1188]" captionStart="FIGURE 37–49. 37" captionStartId="74.[264,367,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[316,1273,318,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-43@74.[313,1273,308,1748]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 37–49. 37. Lateral view of antenna. 38–39. Last six flagellomeres in lateral view. 40–44. Dorsal view of mesosoma. 45–49. Lateral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071190/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
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), and face and clypeus dark straw coloured (as in
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<figureCitation id="133E0BE8636965466237FB6B1AE8FB2A" box="[827,911,1202,1228]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–24. 13–22" captionStartId="72.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[318,1260,326,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-36@72.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 13–24. 13–22. Frontal view of head. Code: “a” ventral edge of clypeus. 23–24. Dorsal view of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071184/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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) (metasomal tergum 3 is as pale as preceding tergum, but appears brown due to telescoping of the more apical segments under it). Appendages straw coloured except apical third of flagellum fading to brown (
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<figureCitation id="133E0BE86369654665DCFADB1C7DFAFA" box="[1232,1306,1282,1308]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="70.[264,382,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,333,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-39@70.[313,1273,332,1772]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Habitus with frontal view of head. Codes: “a” clypeal colour; “b” metatibial colour; “c” metacoxal colour; “d” forewing colour; “e” mesoscutal colour." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071180/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Forewing clear except for two dark coloured bands aligned with 1
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<superScript id="7C70BA25636965466510FAF31D40FADE" attach="left" box="[1052,1063,1322,1336]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">st</superScript>
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discal cell and below apical 0.7 of stigma (apical band fading to clear toward apex) (
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<figureCitation id="133E0BE86369654662EAFA8D1D4AFA88" box="[998,1069,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="70.[264,382,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,333,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-39@70.[313,1273,332,1772]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Habitus with frontal view of head. Codes: “a” clypeal colour; “b” metatibial colour; “c” metacoxal colour; “d” forewing colour; “e” mesoscutal colour." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071180/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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); radial cell clear, but surrounded by apical dark band. Wing veins light straw coloured, but brown on 1M, 1cua, RS R1 and RS+M and on apical 0.7 of stigma.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBA176D636965456034FA151D07FE52" blockId="21.[264,1325,761,1870]" lastBlockId="22.[264,1325,284,1876]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Structure. Flagellum with 13 flagellomeres. Clypeus with two short and sharp teeth along anterior margin near middle (as in
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<figureCitation id="133E0BE86369654663E2FA2D1A22F9E8" box="[750,837,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–24. 13–22" captionStartId="72.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[318,1260,326,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-36@72.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 13–24. 13–22. Frontal view of head. Code: “a” ventral edge of clypeus. 23–24. Dorsal view of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071184/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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). Length of gena behind eye 1.1 times as long as length of eye. Height of eye 1.8 times as long as minimum distance between inner eye margins. Maximum width of head behind eyes subequal to maximum head width at eye level. Occipital carina either absent in dorsal 0.3 or abruptly reduced to a trace in dorsal 0.3. Mesoscutellar fovea about 2–3 times as wide as long and with 4 septa (as in
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<figureCitation id="133E0BE8636965466004F9651805F930" box="[264,354,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 37–49. 37" captionStartId="74.[264,367,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[316,1273,318,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-43@74.[313,1273,308,1748]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 37–49. 37. Lateral view of antenna. 38–39. Last six flagellomeres in lateral view. 40–44. Dorsal view of mesosoma. 45–49. Lateral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071190/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metasomal tergum 1 with lateral margins almost parallel (posterior margin 1.3 times as wide as narrowest width near base), long (length 2.8 times maximum width), and almost meeting ventrally in anterior 0.3. Radial cell near stigma, and forewing vein RS+M developed (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E0BE86369654660C2F8ED1B43F8A8" box="[462,548,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–58. 50–52" captionStartId="75.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[313,1268,326,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-37@75.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 50–58. 50–52. Forewing. 53–54. Basal and subbasal cells of forewing. 55–58. Radial cell and stigma of forewing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071192/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basal cell of forewing with 0–3 setae, clearly less densely setose than 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C70BA25636A65456059FEC51807FECC" attach="left" box="[341,352,284,298]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">st</superScript>
|
||
discal cell (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E0BE8636A65456348FEC61BF8FEDF" box="[580,671,287,313]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–58. 50–52" captionStartId="75.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[313,1268,326,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-37@75.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 50–58. 50–52. Forewing. 53–54. Basal and subbasal cells of forewing. 55–58. Radial cell and stigma of forewing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071192/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Veins 1CU and 1mcu not usually developed, or if developed then 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C70BA25636A654560DCFE9E18BCFEB3" attach="left" box="[464,475,327,341]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">st</superScript>
|
||
discal cell almost triangular because vein 1mcu about 0.2 times as long as vein RS+M. Radial cell 0.5 as long as width of stigma (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E0BE8636A6545650CFEAB1D3FFE6A" box="[1024,1112,370,396]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–58. 50–52" captionStartId="75.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[313,1268,326,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-37@75.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 50–58. 50–52. Forewing. 53–54. Basal and subbasal cells of forewing. 55–58. Radial cell and stigma of forewing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071192/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subbasal cell of hind wing narrow: vein 1M 3.0 times as long as vein cua (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E0BE8636A654562F0FE431D34FE52" box="[1020,1107,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–66. 59–63" captionStartId="76.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,329,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-36@76.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURES 59–66. 59–63. Radial cell and stigma of forewing. 64. Hind wing. 65–66. Basal and subbasal cells of hind wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071194/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636A65456034FE1B1DADFD9A" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Sculpture. Punctures on vertex, frons and mesoscutum about
|
||
<quantity id="4CFDBA88636A65456532FE1B1DF6FE3A" box="[1086,1169,450,476]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (similar to diameter of ommatidia). Punctures
|
||
<quantity id="4CFDBA88636A65456227FE331AC4FDE2" box="[811,931,490,516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 µm</quantity>
|
||
apart on vertex and frons,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFDBA88636A654565EDFE331848FDCA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="30.0">30–60 µm</quantity>
|
||
apart on mesoscutum, and
|
||
<quantity id="4CFDBA88636A65456395FDCB1A7FFDCA" box="[665,792,530,556]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 µm</quantity>
|
||
apart on mesopleuron. Clypeus generally glabrous except for row of long setae along anterior margin. Notaulus not outlined in anterior half (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E0BE8636A654560EBFDBB1B5AFD9A" box="[487,573,610,636]" captionStart="FIGURE 37–49. 37" captionStartId="74.[264,367,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[316,1273,318,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-43@74.[313,1273,308,1748]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 37–49. 37. Lateral view of antenna. 38–39. Last six flagellomeres in lateral view. 40–44. Dorsal view of mesosoma. 45–49. Lateral view of mesosoma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071190/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metasomal tergum 1 with about 6 longitudinal ridges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636A65456034FD531C43FD12" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Frons and anterior region of vertex with very lightly impressed meshes. Mesoscutum with transverse, barely outlined, ridges medially in posterior one quarter. Mesopleuron with weakly outlined parallel ridges slanted downward. Remaining body surfaces smooth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636A65456034FCDB18A7FCA2" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MALE. Colour. As in female, except propodeum, metanotum and metasomal tergum 1 as pale as body.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636A65456034FC8B1DBFFC02" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Structure. Clypeal anterior margin without teeth near middle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133E0BE8636A65456515FC8B1D16FC8A" box="[1049,1137,850,876]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–24. 13–22" captionStartId="72.[264,382,1790,1814]" captionTargetBox="[318,1260,326,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-36@72.[313,1273,326,1766]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 13–24. 13–22. Frontal view of head. Code: “a” ventral edge of clypeus. 23–24. Dorsal view of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071184/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Height of eye 1.2 times as long as minimum distance between inner eye margins. Tergum 1 of metasoma with sides little divergent (maximum width 1.4 times as long as minimum width), and long (length 2.6 times maximum width). Otherwise structure and sculpture as in female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636A65456034FC281887FA0A" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A65456034FC281B74FBED" bold="true" box="[312,531,1009,1035]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A65456263FC2B1DDEFBEA" authority="(Ashmead)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[879,1209,1010,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A65456263FC2B1D4AFBED" box="[879,1069,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF946A9C636A65456083FBC31B56FBD2" author="Loan, C. C." box="[399,561,1050,1076]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="821 - 860" refId="ref42379" refString="Loan, C. C. (1974 a) The North American species of Leiophron Nees, 1818 and Peristenus Foerster, 1862 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Euphorinae) including the description of 31 new species. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 101, 821 - 860." type="journal article" year="1974">Loan (1974a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on the shared presence of forewing veins RS+M and the lack of forewing veins 1CU, mcu and 2RS. Within this group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A654562F8FB9B1D1EFBBD" authorityName="Goulet & Mason" authorityYear="2006" box="[1012,1145,1090,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A654562F8FB9B1D1EFBBD" box="[1012,1145,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A6545641FFB9B18C3FB65" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A6545641FFB9B18C3FB65" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because both species share the reduced number of flagellomeres (12 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CFDBA88636A654565E1FBB31C4EFB62" box="[1261,1321,1130,1156]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
|
||
females, and 14 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CFDBA88636A654560E0FB4B1B40FB4A" box="[492,551,1170,1196]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
|
||
males) and the lack of submedial teeth on the anterior margin of the clypeus in males. In adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A654563AAFB631A03FB35" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[678,868,1210,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A654563AAFB631A03FB35" box="[678,868,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, flagellomere 1 is short (2.3 times as long as wide), 4–5 preapical flagellomeres are as wide as or wider than long, and the flagellum is completely straw coloured. Freshly collected adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A65456531FAD31D9BFAC5" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1085,1276,1290,1315]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A65456531FAD31D9BFAC5" box="[1085,1276,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are darker with a brown metasoma and the body is similarly coloured in both sexes. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A6545641FFAEB1809FA95" authorityName="Goulet & Mason" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A6545641FFAEB1809FA95" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flagellomere 1 is long (2.7–3.0 times as long as wide), no preapical flagellomeres are as wide as long, and the flagellum fades to brown in the apical third. Adults are paler with a straw coloured metasoma and the propodeum is brown in females and straw coloured in males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636A65456034FA231ADBF9DA" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A654560B6FA231B21F9F5" authorityName="Goulet & Mason" authorityYear="2006" box="[442,582,1530,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A654560B6FA231B21F9F5" box="[442,582,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A65456251FA231D29F9F2" authority="(Loan)" baseAuthorityName="Loan" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[861,1102,1530,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lygivorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A65456251FA231A97F9F5" box="[861,1008,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. lygivorus</emphasis>
|
||
(Loan)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A65456598FA23180FF9DA" authority="(Gahan)" baseAuthorityName="Gahan" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A65456598FA231C4DF9F5" box="[1172,1322,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. uniformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Gahan)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the body colour pattern and forewing venation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636A65456034F9931B4AF8E2" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A654560A2F9931B53F985" authorityName="Goulet & Mason" authorityYear="2006" box="[430,564,1610,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A654560A2F9931B53F985" box="[430,564,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A65456227F9931AFFF985" authorityName="Goulet & Mason" authorityYear="2006" box="[811,920,1610,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A65456227F9931AFFF985" box="[811,920,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. simoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the forewing veins 1CU, mcu and 2RS, the size of the radial cell relative to the stigmal length, notauli development, and the anterior mesoscutellar fovea proportions. A summary of measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A654565A8F9431C4CF955" authorityName="Goulet & Mason" authorityYear="2006" box="[1188,1323,1690,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leiophron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A654565A8F9431C4CF955" box="[1188,1323,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is given in Table 1. Because only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03DCE4636A65456396F91B1A61F93A" box="[666,774,1730,1756]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03DCE4636A6545624DF91B1AA5F93A" box="[833,962,1730,1756]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
are known, the measurements are not discussed further.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F44E6636A65446034F8C81B34FEB8" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636A65456034F8C81C4BF8B2" blockId="22.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A65456034F8C81B1FF8CD" bold="true" box="[312,632,1809,1835]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Host and biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The host is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C056CEE636A65456209F8CB1AA6F8CD" box="[773,961,1810,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636A65456209F8CB1AA6F8CD" box="[773,961,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lygus lineolaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species must be bivoltine as
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03DCE4636A6545603CF8E318BEF8B2" box="[304,473,1850,1876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
was collected from a nymph in midJune from the first nymphal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636B65446004FEC51B34FEB8" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,470]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">generation and a second specimen was collected from a nymph in late July from the second nymphal generation.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31F44E6636B65446034FEB21DF8FE30" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636B65446034FEB21DA2FE48" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,470]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636B65446034FEB21BDFFE63" bold="true" box="[312,696,363,389]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined and range.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6D1D30636B654463CDFEB51DA6FE48" country="United States of America" county="Two" location="Warm" municipality="Atlantic" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<location id="8EDA41B6636B654463CDFEB51A6FFE60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ACA67B636965446004FD5E1DF8FE30:8EDA41B6636B654463CDFEB51A6FFE60" box="[705,776,364,390]" country="United States of America" county="Two" municipality="Atlantic" name="Warm" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Warm</location>
|
||
temperate regions along the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDE8D17636B65446569FEB51DA4FE60" box="[1125,1219,364,390]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Atlantic</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
coast of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31257FD636B6544603FFE4D18B7FE48" box="[307,464,404,430]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(DE and NY).
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62DB6FE1636B65446388FE4D1BDFFE48" box="[644,696,404,430]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Two</collectingCounty>
|
||
reared specimens (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03DCE4636B65446290FE4D1ADAFE41" box="[924,957,403,430]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03DCE4636B654462F9FE4D1D7FFE41" box="[1013,1048,403,430]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) were studied
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBA176D636B65446004FE621DF8FE30" blockId="23.[264,1323,284,470]" box="[264,1183,443,470]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6D1D30636B65446004FE621DFCFE30" box="[264,1179,443,470]" collectingDate="1982-07-22" collectionCode="USNM, USDA" country="United States of America" county="Greene Co." location="Newark" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636B65446004FE6218E5FE33" bold="true" box="[264,386,443,469]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31257FD636B65446004FE621822FE33" box="[264,325,443,469]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. NY:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62DB6FE1636B65446086FE651B76FE30" box="[394,529,444,470]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Greene Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03DCE4636B65446325FE651B2DFE29" box="[553,586,443,470]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED148FA8636B65446356FE651BD3FE30" box="[602,692,444,470]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B971CB7F636B654463CBFE621B9EFE33" bold="true" box="[711,761,443,469]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">DE:</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EDA41B6636B6544620CFE651A07FE30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ACA67B636965446004FD5E1DF8FE30:8EDA41B6636B6544620CFE651A07FE30" box="[768,864,444,470]" country="United States of America" county="Greene Co." name="Newark" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Newark</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFBB31AD636B65446260FE651A9CFE30" box="[876,1019,444,470]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1982-07-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFFC845636B65446260FE651A9CFE30" box="[876,1019,444,470]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1982-07-22">22.VII.1982</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D03DCE4636B65446502FE651D48FE29" box="[1038,1071,443,470]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED148FA8636B65446531FE651DF5FE30" box="[1085,1170,444,470]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e3b9-k2i3" name="United States Department of Agriculture" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USDA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |