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<document id="3F4123BA4BC11F1A5BB4D56EDC1843A6" ID-DOI="10.4467/16890027AP.14.027.2022" ID-ISSN="1689-0027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371219" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1702473411747" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Omar, Atef &amp; Foissner, Wilhelm" docDate="2014" docId="3B5C8786CE68FFDCF0412BBEABD7F807" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaProtozool.53.4.295-311.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Protozoologica 53 (4)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ec8734e5-3dd5-3d02-89eb-8ba4f848b5cd/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7.2:ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7" docStyleName="ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Drepanomonas minuta Foissner &amp; Omar 2014, nov. spec." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="297" masterDocId="C765FFFECE69FFDEF03C2D01AF23FF9E" masterDocTitle="Three New Microthoracids (Ciliophora, Nassophorea) from Austria and Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="311" masterPageNumber="295" pageNumber="296" updateTime="1702474162829" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="25F8FEB09770CEB0BED88C072BAB2AD4">Three New Microthoracids (Ciliophora, Nassophorea) from Austria and Venezuela</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D00FA8E1B01EF38934CE6F2A31F19275" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="815BAE4177CCF61AE403648F9D801E8B">Omar, Atef</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="0515591C704C599EB15F09913C643D33">Foissner, Wilhelm</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0E5B0E1C057BA74C26EE8EE98AF1EF15">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="07551B4366C189B02CECE3E1DAFCABED">Acta Protozoologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CF6BE1E028D72B2067765E1C6395C460">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ABB34980E9C5BABBE591A436DECD7679">53</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="8CA3D3D9E978BA378B9582F5BB6F5BAF">https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ec8734e5-3dd5-3d02-89eb-8ba4f848b5cd/</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="F1C1CB94A75557BDAA9FDB37C2EA0F8F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4874A21A14C37D682EB2E58BC18AD09B" type="DOI">10.4467/16890027AP.14.027.2022</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F3C7AB120BFC08E9AC4F3966BF874C55" type="ISSN">1689-0027</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="481D9AD60ACE8A7F0D303E181B41FC12" type="Zenodo-Dep">10371219</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="3B5C8786CE68FFDCF0412BBEABD7F807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B5C8786CE68FFDCF0412BBEABD7F807" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B5C8786CE68FFDCF0412BBEABD7F807" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<subSubSection id="FBEF651BCE68FFDFF0412BBEAC20F947" box="[125,771,1726,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE68FFDFF0412BBEAC20F947" blockId="1.[125,771,1726,1788]" box="[125,771,1726,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<heading id="E80281FCCE68FFDFF0412BBEAC20F947" bold="true" box="[125,771,1726,1753]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" reason="4">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF0412BBEAC20F947" bold="true" box="[125,771,1726,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE68FFDFF0412BBEAD5CF946" authority="Foissner &amp; Omar" authorityName="Foissner &amp; Omar" authorityYear="2014" box="[125,639,1726,1753]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="minuta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF0412BBEAEB5F947" bold="true" box="[125,406,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Drepanomonas minuta</emphasis>
Foissner &amp; Omar
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AB257F9CE68FFDFF2B52BBEAC20F947" box="[649,771,1727,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" rank="species">nov. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBEF651BCE68FFDFF0432BE3AE8CF962" box="[127,431,1762,1788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="description">
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE68FFDFF0432BE3AE8CF962" blockId="1.[125,771,1726,1788]" box="[127,431,1762,1788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF0432BE3AE8CF962" bold="true" box="[127,431,1762,1788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
(
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE68FFDFF0BB2BE3AFD2F962" box="[135,241,1762,1788]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE68FFDFF0C32BE3AE1EF962" box="[255,317,1762,1788]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">9–15</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE68FFDFF1762BE3AE87F962" box="[330,420,1762,1788]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBEF651BCE68FFDFF09F2A15AC82FDA9" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE68FFDFF09F2A15AC82FDA9" blockId="1.[125,772,1812,1945]" lastBlockId="1.[807,1457,223,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF09F2A15AE06F8B0" bold="true" box="[163,293,1812,1838]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Size
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF1532A14AEE0F8B0" box="[367,451,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">in vivo</emphasis>
about 22 × 11 µm. Body semi-ellipsoidal with tapered anterior and rounded posterior end, dorsal margin convex, ventral straight. Cortex flat, crenellated along somatic kineties. Two extrusomes, one in anterior dorsal half, the other subterminally in ventral side. Somatic kinety 4 commences with three dikinetids and one monokinetid, followed by a wide break in mid-body and three monokinetids posteriorly. Kineties 6 and 7 partially and fully non-ciliated, respectively. Left portion of postoral complex with three narrowly spaced monokinetids and a single monokinetid far posteriorly. On average a total of 85 basal bodies. Oral apparatus slightly posterior to mid-body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBEF651BCE68FFDFF3732F40ABFBFCEB" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE68FFDFF3732F40AB84FD3C" blockId="1.[807,1457,223,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<materialsCitation id="039D3CCDCE68FFDFF3732F40AB80FD3C" country="Austria" latitude="47.8" location="Upper" longLatPrecision="1114" longitude="13.066667" municipality="Neuhaus area" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Salzburg" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF3732F40ACDBFDC4" bold="true" box="[847,1016,576,603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<typeStatus id="6C4E8832CE68FFDFF3732F40ACAFFDC5" box="[847,908,577,603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="B62A604BCE68FFDFF43D2F40AB69FDC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B5C8786CE68FFDCF0412BBEABD7F807:B62A604BCE68FFDFF43D2F40AB69FDC5" box="[1025,1098,577,603]" country="Austria" latitude="47.8" longLatPrecision="1114" longitude="13.066667" municipality="Neuhaus area" name="Upper" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Salzburg">Upper</location>
soil layer from a mixed forest in the surroundings (
<collectingMunicipality id="532EACEACE68FFDFF4252F65AB98FDE0" box="[1049,1211,612,638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Neuhaus area</collectingMunicipality>
) of the town of
<collectingRegion id="7131F872CE68FFDFF54F2F65AC42FD3F" country="Austria" name="Salzburg" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Salzburg</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBE27600CE68FFDFF3572F86ACE7FD3F" box="[875,964,647,673]" name="Austria" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D6C15057CE68FFDFF3EC2F87AB16FD3C" box="[976,1077,646,674]" degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" precision="925" value="47.8">47°48′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D6C15057CE68FFDFF47D2F87AB80FD3C" box="[1089,1187,646,674]" degrees="13" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" precision="925" value="13.066667">13°04′E</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE68FFDFF3732FAAABFBFCEB" blockId="1.[807,1457,223,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF3732FAAAB2DFD5A" bold="true" box="[847,1038,682,709]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="039D3CCDCE68FFDFF4202FAAABF7FCEB" county="Biology Centre" location="Linz" municipality="Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="10" stateProvince="Oberoesterreich" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="A5F3FD19CE68FFDFF4202FAAABE0FD5B" box="[1052,1219,683,709]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="generic" typeStatus="holotype">One holotype</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="A5F3FD19CE68FFDFF5352FAAAA8CFD5B" box="[1289,1455,683,709]" count="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">nine paratype</specimenCount>
slides with protargol- and silver nitrate-impregnated specimens have been deposited in the
<collectingCounty id="5A2B4E1CCE68FFDFF4E32FF0AAB2FC95" box="[1247,1425,753,779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Biology Centre</collectingCounty>
of the
<collectingMunicipality id="532EACEACE68FFDFF36F2E14AC99FCB1" box="[851,954,789,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Museum</collectingMunicipality>
of
<collectingRegion id="7131F872CE68FFDFF3DD2E14ABA9FCB0" box="[993,1162,788,815]" country="Austria" name="Oberoesterreich" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Upper Austria</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="B62A604BCE68FFDFF4AA2E15ABEFFCB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B5C8786CE68FFDCF0412BBEABD7F807:B62A604BCE68FFDFF4AA2E15ABEFFCB0" box="[1174,1228,788,814]" county="Biology Centre" municipality="Museum" name="Linz" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Oberoesterreich">Linz</location>
(LI).
<location id="B62A604BCE68FFDFF52D2E15AA1CFCB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B5C8786CE68FFDCF0412BBEABD7F807:B62A604BCE68FFDFF52D2E15AA1CFCB0" box="[1297,1343,788,814]" county="Biology Centre" municipality="Museum" name="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Oberoesterreich">The</location>
<typeStatus id="6C4E8832CE68FFDFF57B2E15AA8DFCB0" box="[1351,1454,788,814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and important
<typeStatus id="6C4E8832CE68FFDFF3E02E39AB62FCCC" box="[988,1089,824,850]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimens have been marked by black ink circles on the coverslip
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBEF651BCE68FFDFF3732E7EABC1FC22" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE68FFDFF3732E7EABC1FC22" blockId="1.[807,1457,223,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF3732E7EACFCFC07" bold="true" box="[847,991,895,921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Etymology:</emphasis>
The Latin adjective
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE68FFDFF4F32E7EAA03FC06" authorityName="Foissner &amp; Omar" authorityYear="2014" box="[1231,1312,895,920]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF4F32E7EAA03FC06" box="[1231,1312,895,920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(small) emphasizes the small size of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBEF651BCE68FFDCF3732EC4ABD7F807" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="1" pageNumber="296" type="description">
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE68FFDCF3732EC4AD2CFEDE" blockId="1.[807,1457,223,1945]" lastBlockId="2.[131,780,223,1945]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF3732EC4ACCAFC41" bold="true" box="[847,1001,965,991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Description:</emphasis>
Size
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF40D2EC7ABA7FC41" box="[1073,1156,966,991]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">in vivo</emphasis>
18–25 × 8–13 µm, usually about 22 × 11 µm, as calculated from some
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF55C2EE8AA8CFB9C" box="[1376,1455,1001,1026]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">in vivo</emphasis>
measurements and values shown in
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE68FFDFF4EB290DAA13FBB8" box="[1239,1328,1036,1062]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Table 1</tableCitation>
, assuming 15% preparation shrinkage. Body semi-ellipsoidal to slenderly semi-ellipsoidal with a length: width ratio of 1.8–2.5:1 and an average of 2.1:1; dorsal side distinctly convex, ventral straight; anterior end tapered, posterior rounded, cells thus slightly wider posteriorly than anteriorly; flattened laterally up to 2:1 and lenticular in ventral and dorsal view (
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE68FFDFF41D2802AB59FA83" box="[1057,1146,1283,1309]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE68FFDFF4B62802ABD1FA83" box="[1162,1266,1283,1309]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE68FFDFF4C32802AA1DFA80" box="[1279,1342,1283,1310]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">9–15</figureCitation>
). Nuclear apparatus anterior to mid-body. Macronucleus globular to broadly ellipsoidal, contains some globular masses, probably nucleoli up to 1 µm across. Micronucleus globular, near or attached to ventral side of macronucleus (
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE68FFDFF34928B5ACECFA50" box="[885,975,1460,1486]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE68FFDFF3E328B5AB6AFA50" box="[991,1097,1460,1486]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Figs 1, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE68FFDFF46A28B5ABB6FA50" box="[1110,1173,1460,1486]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">9–12</figureCitation>
). Contractile vacuole in third quarter of body, slightly posterior and dorsal of buccal cavity, excretory tube difficult to see (
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE68FFDFF57728FBAA84F98A" box="[1355,1447,1530,1556]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE68FFDFF3152B1FAC4EF9A6" box="[809,877,1566,1592]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Cytopyge posterior and slightly left of contractile vacuole, usually forms a blister containing food remnants; in silver nitrate preparations, represented by a thick, short silverline right of left portion of postoral complex (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE68FFDFF3A32BAAACC8F95B" box="[927,1003,1707,1733]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE68FFDFF3C62BAAAB38F95B" box="[1018,1051,1707,1733]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">14</figureCitation>
). Extrusomes lenticular, about 4 × 1 µm in size, only one extrusome each in anterior and posterior portion of body: anterior extrusome present in only few specimens, slightly anterior and dorsal of macronucleus; posterior extrusome recognizable in most specimens
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE68FFDFF38D2A5DAB24F8EB" box="[945,1031,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="296">in vivo</emphasis>
, invariably in subterminal ventral side posterior to cytopyge, occasionally impregnated with protargol (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF1742DDEAEB9FF67" box="[328,410,223,249]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF1932DDEAD20FF67" box="[431,515,223,249]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">12, 13</figureCitation>
). Cytoplasm hyaline, contains some lipid droplets about 1 µm across. Glides rapidly interrupted by short jerks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE6BFFDCF0962C48ADA7FD3C" blockId="2.[131,780,223,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
Cortex rigid and glossy, smooth except for a distinct crenellation left of somatic kineties (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF2092C6CAD83FE19" box="[565,672,365,391]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
). Details of ventral side organized as follows: preoral kineties in distinct furrows; oral opening slightly posterior to mid-body; posterior to oral apparatus a short concavity containing cytopyge and the single cilium of the right portion of the postoral complex (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF21C2F1CAD96FDA6" box="[544,693,541,568]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 1, 4, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF2FB2F1CAF86FDC5" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">9, 11, 14</figureCitation>
). Silverline pattern as described in
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF2642F40AC29FDC5" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1956" box="[600,778,577,603]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="hymenofera">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF2642F40AC29FDC5" box="[600,778,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">D. hymenofera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B61CE6BFFDCF0952F65AEC0FDE0" author="Omar A. &amp; Foissner W." box="[169,483,612,638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" pagination="420 - 437" refId="ref10966" refString="Omar A., Foissner W. (2013) Description of two new Drepanomonas taxa and an account on features defining species in Drepanomonas Fresenius, 1858 (Ciliophora, Microthoracida). Eur. J. Protistol. 49: 420 - 437" type="journal article" year="2013">Omar and Foissner (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, i.e., cortex studded with minute, argyrophilic granules (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF1D22F86AD55FD3C" box="[494,630,647,674]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 14, 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE6BFFDCF0962FAAAFC3FC23" blockId="2.[131,780,223,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
Somatic cilia 7–9 µm long in silver nitrate preparations (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF0EC2FCFAE0AFD77" box="[208,297,718,745]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Invariably nine somatic and three preoral kineties with a total of 85 basal bodies on average (
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE6BFFDCF0B12E15AFC4FCB1" box="[141,231,788,815]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Kineties 3, 4 and 6 bipolar; kineties 1, 2, 5 and 7–9 shortened anteriorly and/or posteriorly. Kineties 1–4 on right side; kineties 5–7 on the left side; kineties 8 and 9 extend ventrally (
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE6BFFDCF1DB2E7FAD61FC07" box="[487,578,894,921]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF26E2E7FAD9EFC06" box="[594,701,894,920]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 4–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF2F62E7EAFF0FC23" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">9–11, 13–15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE6BFFDCF0962EC4ABF8FCCD" blockId="2.[131,780,223,1945]" lastBlockId="2.[815,1465,223,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
Kinety 1 along upper right margin of oral cavity, forms an inverted sickle-shaped figure, consists of six narrowly spaced, usually ciliated dikinetids (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF2A6290DADCBFBB8" box="[666,744,1036,1062]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF2C9290DAF87FBD7" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">9, 11</figureCitation>
). Kinety 2 begins in second quarter of body with a single dikinetid and a single monokinetid, both ciliated and spaced very narrowly, resembling the characteristic trikinetid of
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF1AF299BAD36FB2D" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1931" box="[403,533,1177,1203]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sphagni">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF1AF299BAD36FB2D" box="[403,533,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">D. sphagni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; followed by a very wide break, a single ciliated monokinetid, and one or two ciliated dikinetids near posterior end of body (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF2E429E1AF97FA80" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF0F82802AFC6FA83" box="[196,229,1283,1309]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">14</figureCitation>
). Kinety 3 commences with a single, ciliated dikinetid followed by: (i) one or two widely spaced, ciliated monokinetids, (ii) a very wide break interrupt- ed in mid-body by a single, non-ciliated monokinetid, and (iii) a few, narrowly spaced, ciliated monokinetids and dikinetids near posterior end of body (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF2A828B5AC27FA51" box="[660,772,1460,1487]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF0B828D6AF86FA6F" box="[132,165,1495,1521]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">14</figureCitation>
). Kineties 4 and 5 limit dorsal margin of body, all kinetids ciliated: kinety 4 commences with three widely spaced dikinetids followed by one or two widely spaced monokinetids, a very wide space in mid-body, and three widely spaced monokinetids posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF0B12B89AFDEF93C" box="[141,253,1671,1698]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 1, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF1312B89AE6CF93C" box="[269,335,1672,1698]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">9, 14</figureCitation>
); kinety 5 commences with a single dikinetid followed by five widely spaced monokinetids, ends near posterior quarter of cell (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF2AF2BCFAC26F976" box="[659,773,1742,1768]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 2, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF0B82BF3AFF2F892" box="[132,209,1777,1804]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">10, 15</figureCitation>
). Kinety 6 composed of widely spaced monokinetids forming indistinct pairs, usually only two and one kinetid ciliated in anterior and posterior end of row, respectively (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF1612A5DAEE5F8EB" box="[349,454,1883,1910]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 2, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF1EE2A5DAD3EF8E8" box="[466,541,1883,1910]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">10, 15</figureCitation>
). Kinety 7 begins in second quarter of body, consists of two widely spaced, non-ciliated monokinetids (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF4412DDEABCDFF67" box="[1149,1262,223,249]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 2, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF4C12DDEAA6EFF64" box="[1277,1357,223,250]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">10, 15</figureCitation>
). Kinety 8 consists of two segments (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF4BB2C02ABD7FE83" box="[1159,1268,258,285]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF53F2C02AA60FE83" box="[1283,1347,259,285]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">9, 11</figureCitation>
): anterior segment posterior to and very similar to preoral kinety 3, composed of two ciliated dikinetids and one ciliated monokinetid at left (posterior) end; posterior segment composed of three narrowly spaced monokinetids and a single monokinetid far posteriorly (see postoral complex below). Kinety 9 composed of three segments (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF3052CFBAC81FD8B" box="[825,930,506,533]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF38C2CFBACCDFD8A" box="[944,1006,506,532]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">9, 11</figureCitation>
): anterior segment left of adoral membranelles, composed of few, likely barren dikinetids recognizable only in appropriately oriented specimens; middle segment composed of one (rarely two) ciliated monokinetid far posterior to buccal cavity (see postoral complex); posterior segment composed of two ciliated monokinetids near rear cell margin. Postoral complex composed of the monokinetidal posterior segment of kinety 8 and the single, ciliated monokinetid in mid of kinety 9 (
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF39D2E39AB0AFCCD" box="[929,1065,824,851]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 1, 4, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF40B2E39ABEFFCCD" box="[1079,1228,824,851]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">9, 11, 14, 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE6BFFDCF36A2E5AAA92FC7E" blockId="2.[815,1465,223,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
Three preoral kineties each composed of ciliated dikinetids and a ciliated monokinetid at left end of kineties 2 and 3; occupy preoral ventral side and extend obliquely to left side (
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE6BFFDCF4282EC4AB4EFC41" box="[1044,1133,965,991]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF4402EC4AA22FC7E" box="[1148,1281,965,992]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 1, 4, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF5322EC4AA81FC7E" box="[1294,1442,965,992]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">9, 11, 14, 15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE6BFFDCF36A2EE9ACF3FB2D" blockId="2.[815,1465,223,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
Oral apparatus slightly posterior to mid-body (
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE6BFFDCF5B22EE8AC48FBB8" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF340290DAB20FBB9" box="[892,1027,1036,1063]" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 1, 4, 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF42D290DAB6CFBB8" box="[1041,1103,1036,1062]" captionStart="Figs 9–15" captionStartId="4.[132,175,1412,1434]" captionTargetBox="[145,1470,244,1359]" captionTargetId="figure-5@4.[132,1470,223,1360]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 9–15. Drepanomonas minuta after protargol (9–13) and Klein-Foissner silver nitrate impregnation (14, 15). 9, 10 – right and left side view of the holotype and a paratype specimen, showing the kinetid pattern and the nuclear apparatus; 11 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the obliquely arranged preoral kineties and the postoral complex; 12, 13 – right and left side view of paratype specimens, showing the slenderly semi-ellipsoidal body and the characteristic posterior extrusome;14, 15 – right and left side view, showing the kinetid pattern and the cytopyge. CY – cytopyge, E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371224/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">9–11</figureCitation>
). Buccal cavity deep, contains membranelles 2 and 3 slightly obliquely arranged to main body axis and so close together that details cannot be recognized. Nasse kinetosomes and oral basket not recognizable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE6BFFDCF36A29BDAA95FA80" blockId="2.[815,1465,223,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF36A29BDACD1FB48" bold="true" box="[854,1010,1212,1238]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Occurrence:</emphasis>
This is a rather common species occurring, e.g., in
<collectingCountry id="CBE27600CE6BFFDCF3CC29E1AB65FB64" box="[1008,1094,1248,1274]" name="Austria" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Austria</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="CBE27600CE6BFFDCF4BF29E1AA23FB64" box="[1155,1280,1248,1274]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. Before its discovery in 1997, we did not separate it from
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF5172805AA8CFA83" authorityName="Penard" authorityYear="1922" box="[1323,1455,1283,1309]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="revoluta">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF5172805AA8CFA83" box="[1323,1455,1283,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">D. revoluta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34A3690CE6BFFDCF36A2827ABD7F807" blockId="2.[815,1465,223,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF36A2827AC9FFAFD" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">
Comparison of
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF4262826AA11FADE" authorityName="Foissner &amp; Omar" authorityYear="2014" box="[1050,1330,1318,1345]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF4262826AA11FADE" bold="true" box="[1050,1330,1318,1345]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Drepanomonas minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with similar species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF3F9284AABF1FAFA" authorityName="Foissner &amp; Omar" authorityYear="2014" box="[965,1234,1355,1380]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF3F9284AABF1FAFA" box="[965,1234,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Drepanomonas minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to a group of small species that have an acute (vs. rounded) anterior body end,
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF42E2890AB19FA34" box="[1042,1082,1425,1450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">viz.</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF4682890AA58FA34" authorityName="Penard" authorityYear="1922" box="[1108,1403,1424,1450]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="revoluta">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF4682890AA58FA34" box="[1108,1403,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Drepanomonas revoluta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF30C28B4ACC1FA50" authorityName="Foissner" authorityYear="1987" box="[816,994,1460,1486]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pauciciliata">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF30C28B4ACC1FA50" box="[816,994,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">D. pauciciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both are contained in the same preparation as
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF39E28D9AB39FA6F" authorityName="Foissner &amp; Omar" authorityYear="2014" box="[930,1050,1496,1521]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF39E28D9AB39FA6F" box="[930,1050,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">D. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and thus can be easily compared.
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF30C28FAABDFF98A" authority="Penard, 1922" authorityName="Penard" authorityYear="1922" box="[816,1276,1530,1556]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="revoluta">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF30C28FAAB73F98A" box="[816,1104,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Drepanomonas revoluta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B61CE6BFFDCF46728FBABDFF98A" author="Penard E." box="[1115,1276,1530,1556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" refId="ref11011" refString="Penard E. (1922) Etudes sur les infusoires d'eau douce. Georg et Cie, Geneve" type="book" year="1922">Penard, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, as redescribed by
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B61CE6BFFDCF3692B1FAB2CF9A6" author="Foissner W." box="[853,1039,1566,1592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" pagination="217 - 268" refId="ref10492" refString="Foissner W. (1987) Neue terrestrische und limnische Ciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora) aus Osterreich und Deutschland. Sber. ost. Akad. Wiss. Wien 195: 217 - 268" type="journal article" year="1987">Foissner (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B61CE6BFFDCF47B2B1FAA66F9A6" author="Foissner W. &amp; Berger H. &amp; Kohmann F." box="[1095,1349,1566,1592]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 548" refId="ref10558" refString="Foissner W., Berger H., Kohmann F. (1994) Taxonomische und okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band III: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft 1 / 94: 1 - 548" type="journal article" year="1994">
Foissner
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF48E2B1FABCEF9A6" box="[1202,1261,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">et al.</emphasis>
(1994)
</bibRefCitation>
, is slightly larger (
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE6BFFDCF39A2B40AB23F9C5" box="[934,1024,1601,1627]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Table 1</tableCitation>
), has a deep, broad furrow (vs. flat) on the left side, has several (vs. 1–2) extrusomes, and differs in details of the somatic ciliature (
<tableCitation id="FE77032BCE6BFFDCF5202B89AA55F93C" box="[1308,1398,1672,1698]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[125,181,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data on Drepanomonas minuta (DM), D. revoluta (DR), and D. multidentata (DD). Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on protargol-impregnated, randomly selected specimens from a non-flooded Petri dish culture (D. minuta, D. revoluta) and a raw culture (D. multidentata). Measurements in µm. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of mean, ᳥ – arithmetic mean, – – not measured or counted." pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Table 1</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="2BCE2A15CE6BFFDCF5BA2B89AC45F95B" captionStart="Figs 1–8" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[133,1463,230,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-8@3.[125,1463,223,1441]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–8. Drepanomonas minuta (1–6) and Drepanomonas revoluta (7, 8) from life (1–3, 7, 8) and after protargol impregnation (4–6).1, 2 – right and left side view of a representative specimen, length 20 µm, showing the flat cortex and the crenellations along the somatic kineties. This species has only 1 or 2 extrusomes and several non-ciliated basal bodies (arrowheads) in kineties 6 and 7; 3 – dorsal view showing the slightly convex right and left side; 4 – ventral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ventral ciliary pattern and the postoral complex. The anterior portion of kinety 2 is blended by the deeply impregnated macronucleus; 5, 6 – right and left side view of holotype specimen, length 20 µm. The kinetids of kinety 6 form widely spaced pairs; 7, 8 – Drepanomonas revoluta, right and left side view (from Foissner 1987). Note the deep furrow on the left side and the widely spaced kinetids of the postoral complex. E – extrusomes, K1–9 – somatic kineties, M – adoral membranelles, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, PC – postoral complex, PO(1–3) – preoral kineties, R – cortical ridges. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF3B82BADAAB6F95B" authority="Foissner, 1987" authorityName="Foissner" authorityYear="1987" box="[900,1429,1707,1733]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pauciciliata">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF3B82BADABF1F95B" box="[900,1234,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">Drepanomonas pauciciliata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D7644B61CE6BFFDCF4DD2BAAAAB6F95B" author="Foissner W." box="[1249,1429,1707,1733]" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" pagination="217 - 268" refId="ref10492" refString="Foissner W. (1987) Neue terrestrische und limnische Ciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora) aus Osterreich und Deutschland. Sber. ost. Akad. Wiss. Wien 195: 217 - 268" type="journal article" year="1987">Foissner, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly larger (22 vs. 20 µm in protargol preparations), has a slightly to distinctly convex (vs. flat) ventral side, a rather broad and deep furrow (vs. flat) on the left side, and several (vs. 1–2) extrusomes. In sum,
<taxonomicName id="74F54D13CE6BFFDCF5012A38AA95F8CC" authorityName="Foissner &amp; Omar" authorityYear="2014" box="[1341,1462,1849,1874]" class="Nassophorea" family="Microthoracidae" genus="Drepanomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassulida" pageId="2" pageNumber="297" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="8181EA82CE6BFFDCF5012A38AA95F8CC" box="[1341,1462,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="297">D. minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a clear identity, i.e., a very small size, a flat left and right side, and only 1 or 2 extrusomes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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