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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="284562" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d7e899e-e8ef-43d0-bc1e-a1472bb4e30d" ID-PMC="PMC10790577" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1188-125" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FD00287A8052513C815877D5359D01A1" ID-PubMed="38230379" ID-ZooBank="997ADB92AFA7497982A2B81C00EF3AEA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1188-125" checkinTime="1704768536908" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Miller, Kelly B., Michat, Mariano C. &amp; Ferreira Jr, Nelson" docDate="2024" docId="4A221B39BBA555B88558DADF58EC87F8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1188: 125-168" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1188" docPubDate="2024-01-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081" docTitle="Metaxydytes Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr 2024, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="99CCA782-DD1A-4DE2-8D5D-F71909BE0E8F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="FD00287A8052513C815877D5359D01A1" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="FD00287A8052513C815877D5359D01A1" masterDocTitle="Reclassification of Cybistrinae Sharp, 1880 in the Neotropical Region (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Dytiscidae), with description of new taxa" masterLastPageNumber="168" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1732489170790" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="7A16EEA5EAB59A89BD26B31F3DD0B9B5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3FD563D1EF714D8DE67A313313A24895">
<mods:title id="748C1C031E90152BA48705ECAFA4BE9F">Reclassification of Cybistrinae Sharp, 1880 in the Neotropical Region (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Dytiscidae), with description of new taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:role id="CC6FBDBA5B4B3360708E4616472F926C">
<mods:roleTerm id="4D3A60EF8E70BB80A9F0A7C81D90223F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EF65511FA4BF710631290198478ED6DE">Miller, Kelly B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6BCCF0A7A56D6E0DEC9A856FF92BECCC" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1093-4066</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AB7A255E9CF022EF65174B2C60BFD81A">Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 - 0001, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D2B0B5CB05DA540392BD1AC1EF812DC7" type="email">kbmiller@unm.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="D1B10149EBCC3EC0E91C73397C1DA0B7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E25E098B504B1A6B492E1474E4846A9E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5C0ADC891EAED517B43BE32AD5E69BFA">Michat, Mariano C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BC3DEC617BF3302CFCA6C931FB1649C1" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-7976</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="24CD120D7D5973E74E320459D20FCC02">Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental y Aplicada, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="875497B519C3343156791E6EE9A22D9F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B67A3258A80D1BFA6B8E14B2D23A1268">
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<mods:namePart id="EBA6114C8FD4071480C410CA73F2CA75">Ferreira Jr, Nelson</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B3AB3F4D8625E01A888E5CCC75C9C66" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-7695</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C0651FDDE85ADCA21A9882B5BC3C2084">Laboratorio de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasi</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8A31BE9F475D9E3743EC12472C3A49BB">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FDD38B953F9A46CEFC22DEDC1C9BCD4B">
<mods:date id="5D82FAC6A6BD4859904150F58F44EEF3">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0CEED2424EAF39FB41DCDE3ADB5F0AB7" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="481A7B6FB1657C8C87BCD940AE4E2490">2024-01-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4FB0BC7FE8D1D5B6730EA15EFDF7350A">1188</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="86465C6E5028D1FE886EADC70EA8F621">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="16EC5E4DA78102B8AD9A659154F9F905" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4A221B39BBA555B88558DADF58EC87F8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="220641376" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99CCA782-DD1A-4DE2-8D5D-F71909BE0E8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A221B39BBA555B88558DADF58EC87F8" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" scope_family="Dytiscidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Cybistrinae">
<subSubSection id="9C53867D3BD8B02EE879B84F0804AA28" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F335FC283B0DFEF0C5F09CACE151F8BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName id="D907B652A1A332366427174B543F979C" LSID="https://zoobank.org/99CCA782-DD1A-4DE2-8D5D-F71909BE0E8F" authority="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr, 2024" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Metaxydytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaxydytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Metaxydytes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="04C699F31624C304A94A549440F531D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FE46C55B3F7D2A1A334844107C62BA1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph id="83F6D15DB5671F869C5268C3400C14E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<figureCitation id="D75E1B384FC302F732E1A98252CB1564" captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Cybistrinae morphological features 1 Bifurcitus lherminieri, right metatibia, posterior surface 2 Bifurcitus lherminieri, left metaleg, anterior surface 3 Trifurcitus robustus, left metaleg, anterior surface 4 Metaxydytes fraternus, left mesotarsomeres III-V, posterior surfaces 5 Cybister tripunctatus, left mesotarsomeres III-V, posterior surfaces 6 Megadytes latus, left half of metaventrite and left metacoxa (WV = metaventrite wing width, WC = metacoxal width) 7 Cybister tripunctatus, right metathoracic wing 8 Trifurcitus robustus, right metatrochanter, ventral surface. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963583" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figs 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CE0301C12AA5A0AD354F4B2404D40688" captionStart="Figures 15–29" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 15 - 29. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, metatarsal claws and tarsomere VI of males and females 15, 16 Cybister festae 17, 18 Cybister puncticollis 19, 20 Nilssondytes diversus 21, 22 Megadytes latus 23, 24 Megadytes parvus 25 species &quot; IR 57 &quot; (Ribera et al. 2008) 26, 27 Paramegadytes glaucus 28, 29 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures15-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963585" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 28</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="525557FEE069A3208E6C4DBD76253A6A" captionStart="Figures 15–29" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 15 - 29. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, metatarsal claws and tarsomere VI of males and females 15, 16 Cybister festae 17, 18 Cybister puncticollis 19, 20 Nilssondytes diversus 21, 22 Megadytes latus 23, 24 Megadytes parvus 25 species &quot; IR 57 &quot; (Ribera et al. 2008) 26, 27 Paramegadytes glaucus 28, 29 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures15-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963585" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 29</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F6107645ADBD6F385F0E669164404C11" captionStart="Figures 51–57" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 51 - 57. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, male sternite IX, ventral aspect 51 Cybister festae 52 Cybister puncticollis 53 Nilssondytes diversus 54 Megadytes latus 55 Megadytes parvus 56 Paramegadytes glaucus 57 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures51-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963587" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 57</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="38E622012FAD4D4CDF7329D261D80E4B" captionStart="Figures 62–66" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 62 - 66. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, female genitalia including left gonocoxosternite, ventral aspect 62 Metaxydytes fraternus 63 Paramegadytes glaucus 64 Bifurcitus lherminieri 65 Trifurcitus robustus 66 Cybister fimbriolatus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures62-66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963589" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 62</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="9AA9F696F173F418A4E5FB23078E9DD8" captionStart="Figures 67–71" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 67 - 71. Third instar larva, anterior clypeal margin 67 Bifurcitus magnus 68 Megadytes latus 69 Metaxydytes carcharias 70 Paramegadytes glaucus 71 Trifurcitus fallax." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures67-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963590" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 69</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BAA0668BA24CEA0B9BFA9ADA374E5664" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="31790144319AF1B77B0A27FF03B703E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName id="41A41AF2C7DDA9A182CEB43EC940910B" authority="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr, 2024" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Megadytes</taxonomicName>
sensu auctorum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95908AEDA7D274F10CC4AC8231E6C9B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="type species">
<paragraph id="FF74A1763F78C162898AF6781ED24AB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C40325C086B4AB5AD9CB6230A1B1156B" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName id="7FD32735BCAD5287DAF525CF8F8C2C45" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes fraternus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraternus">
<emphasis id="85E8AD4BB881048CF043C1F3C5135D07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes fraternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sharp, 1882: 708, by current designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6079B308990B69D23A741CE36CC3BE0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E6626C887893EDF441B39A5A75801968" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14BD26595C40095A144240F3B7853489" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
These species have males with equal-length metatarsal claws and females with two claws of unequal length with the posterior claw distinctly reduced (Figs
<figureCitation id="9A5C211D414ABAC2C16B4B2AB72772A3" captionStart="Figures 15–29" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 15 - 29. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, metatarsal claws and tarsomere VI of males and females 15, 16 Cybister festae 17, 18 Cybister puncticollis 19, 20 Nilssondytes diversus 21, 22 Megadytes latus 23, 24 Megadytes parvus 25 species &quot; IR 57 &quot; (Ribera et al. 2008) 26, 27 Paramegadytes glaucus 28, 29 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures15-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963585" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7ED770990ABCD8F5B2B27133C74BC103" captionStart="Figures 15–29" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 15 - 29. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, metatarsal claws and tarsomere VI of males and females 15, 16 Cybister festae 17, 18 Cybister puncticollis 19, 20 Nilssondytes diversus 21, 22 Megadytes latus 23, 24 Megadytes parvus 25 species &quot; IR 57 &quot; (Ribera et al. 2008) 26, 27 Paramegadytes glaucus 28, 29 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures15-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963585" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">29</figureCitation>
). The medial margins of male sternite IX are linear, not emarginate (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7B00C2821C8EF6BEB7C3D13125116C81" captionStart="Figures 51–57" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 51 - 57. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, male sternite IX, ventral aspect 51 Cybister festae 52 Cybister puncticollis 53 Nilssondytes diversus 54 Megadytes latus 55 Megadytes parvus 56 Paramegadytes glaucus 57 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures51-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963587" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">57</figureCitation>
). This group and
<taxonomicName id="273D6DF308B0E6B73A7DCC4C75296A9F" authorityName="Tremouilles &amp; Bachmann" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Paramegadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramegadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B60A997DE41D1AA6B6B2D5C910AFE5FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Paramegadytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar in having females with the medial margins of the gonocoxosternite with a series of spinous setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="11BEE385814C85B3E3280CD33D138A81" captionStart="Figures 62–66" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 62 - 66. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, female genitalia including left gonocoxosternite, ventral aspect 62 Metaxydytes fraternus 63 Paramegadytes glaucus 64 Bifurcitus lherminieri 65 Trifurcitus robustus 66 Cybister fimbriolatus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures62-66" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963589" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">62</figureCitation>
). From
<taxonomicName id="7A935DED8AAFDE6F3F572D1F490DD596" authorityName="Tremouilles &amp; Bachmann" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Paramegadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramegadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AC6804EE0403FE738AD81EC9D706F7DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Paramegadytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these species differ in being smaller (≤ 24 mm in
<taxonomicName id="2E6D0E9D14EC37ED8CEA2705D13B2D2C" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Metaxydytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaxydytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="677E2E1D9677FED205C7D8299C49386F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Metaxydytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, compared with ≥ 27 mm in
<taxonomicName id="5170AB54F2FE30356309D88364E27EF8" authorityName="Tremouilles &amp; Bachmann" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Paramegadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramegadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="616B244FC771EB70384B0424274B77F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Paramegadytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and having the metasternal wings relatively narrow (WC/WV = 2.5-2.6 in
<taxonomicName id="E96265D8A473158E97BFD825F8921670" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Metaxydytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaxydytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="72339B91E9180B1BABA10D4F2FE90928" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Metaxydytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, compared with WC/WV = 1.8-1.9 in
<taxonomicName id="A0E849191F31A48A8E16B706B64600D5" authorityName="Tremouilles &amp; Bachmann" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Paramegadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramegadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="488F29E23857E7A4A8A97307A6D63DD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Paramegadytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Third instar larvae have; (1) the median lobe of the frontoclypeus truncate apically with a tuft of setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AC58CF5CFB486B3E1379A0530794FAF1" captionStart="Figures 67–71" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 67 - 71. Third instar larva, anterior clypeal margin 67 Bifurcitus magnus 68 Megadytes latus 69 Metaxydytes carcharias 70 Paramegadytes glaucus 71 Trifurcitus fallax." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures67-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963590" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">69</figureCitation>
), (2) the median and lateral lobes of the frontoclypeus separated by a narrow emargination (Fig.
<figureCitation id="23E11795A5337DBD636DB8327D7F2334" captionStart="Figures 67–71" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 67 - 71. Third instar larva, anterior clypeal margin 67 Bifurcitus magnus 68 Megadytes latus 69 Metaxydytes carcharias 70 Paramegadytes glaucus 71 Trifurcitus fallax." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures67-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963590" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">69</figureCitation>
), and (3) the lateral lobes of the frontoclypeus apically simple and acutely angulate (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CDEBDA3247E6A489C1A2ED15E43664B9" captionStart="Figures 67–71" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 67 - 71. Third instar larva, anterior clypeal margin 67 Bifurcitus magnus 68 Megadytes latus 69 Metaxydytes carcharias 70 Paramegadytes glaucus 71 Trifurcitus fallax." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures67-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963590" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">69</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4CA24D11A1D91ACF274DA6D55338CE6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AAD9FBEA1A428FDD25BDDE27640849C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9CDF3F53DE81E8EFB0E26D4C2F23696" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName id="2971A1B0B85D34C42E0268887C98C59A" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Metaxydytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaxydytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="009C72DA8CA2A7B495466DEDD25B1CCB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Metaxydytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from the Greek
<emphasis id="907FBDCD9642C6C25AB9EB9D78ECA2B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">metaxy</emphasis>
, meaning
<normalizedToken id="A0DF733EA302B5AEAE7CC57B409653F2" originalValue="“between,”">&quot;between,&quot;</normalizedToken>
and
<emphasis id="49D2660241EB9AC5944049292CA27D6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">dytes</emphasis>
, meaning
<normalizedToken id="E6A8858CFD1EEDA9FBECD8DC2AFD31BF" originalValue="“diver,”">&quot;diver,&quot;</normalizedToken>
the root word for many genera of
<taxonomicName id="515AD1F4FABEE8AC40479A70763EAACA" class="Hexapoda" family="Dytiscidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dytiscidae</taxonomicName>
including in this subfamily. The genus is named to signify its intermediate phylogenetic placement among other genera of
<taxonomicName id="AD86204568EF6731A4DBBD07370F9CB4" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1880" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cybistrinae">Cybistrinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C379BD00E881FABA62CCD0950BD0CDE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="phylogenetic relationships">
<paragraph id="D2378D1D12C84A11493012E755B74C6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A998A883C60FE50F00FF90977092FD1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
This genus may be sister group to
<taxonomicName id="774FA69F68457E6D77B2BE83C7C61770" authorityName="Tremouilles &amp; Bachmann" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Paramegadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramegadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81A4227DABABC76AC229D8E00C501764" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Paramegadytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based especially on the presence of distinctive stiff, spinous setae along the medial margins of the female gonocoxosternite (
<bibRefCitation id="0D53D03EF2C7771302B275107AF70573" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00254.x" author="Miller, KB" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="41 - 59" refId="B29" refString="Miller, KB, Bergsten, J, Whiting, MF, 2007. Phylogeny and classification of diving beetles in the tribe Cybistrini (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). Zoologica Scripta 36 (1): 41 - 59, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00254.x" title="Phylogeny and classification of diving beetles in the tribe Cybistrini (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00254.x" volume="36" year="2007">Miller et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
), although in the analyses presented here the group is ambiguously resolved near
<taxonomicName id="AE061C5DAFD9D24021ED14060A96D4B5" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Nilssondytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilssondytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77682E244216EDA3F9F624AC9F75CC0B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Nilssondytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A10415A75D998ADDEA178D6EF11856FE" authorityName="Tremouilles &amp; Bachmann" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Paramegadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramegadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6FF5D5D79D1DFA5296911B1D5BAD329" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Paramegadytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="094F968FED100401F95A4A713303FF4F" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0FF11D86F824CD25ADA588F43ED5155B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="C99CC307D6D38A5FBB69DD489A0CFB40" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Cybister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cybister" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FF9C44CB00F10C04C99C918566DF9CBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Cybister</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="53BB334F3E58A98E5F0DD12421C6321B" captionStart="Figure 75" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 75. One of seven cladograms derived from parsimony analysis of 57 morphological characters from Cybistrinae and other Dytiscidae (len = 105, CI = 68, RI = 92) with characters mapped using ' fast' optimization in WinClada. Black hash marks indicate unambiguous changes, white hash marks indicate homoplasious changes or reversals. Numbers above hash marks are character numbers, those below hash marks are derived state numbers." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figure75" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963593" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">75</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E66DB741589794C2AD8A4EDA4E125EF7" captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 76. Consensus cladogram of seven equally parsimonious cladograms from parsimony analysis of 57 morphological characters from Cybistrinae and other Dytiscidae morphology." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963594" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">76</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9D74903CEF2C497F93EF14D9945D24E" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2052BA6863F6D94A81FA2C0636553B38" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E1F7B7C1D3056FE51F495C5A49678A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
These species were previous placed in
<taxonomicName id="EF3F81EAF3E5EA7F40153D3900351EE0" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="898B929A7B717589A9841AE68CFA977B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The type species of
<taxonomicName id="584A20ADB73EB9A9225C509031076B2B" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5F7684C8CFC69381C9906AE6C582158" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. is
<taxonomicName id="06C2D69BDC1E0E72E9559464FD01E944" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. latus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="latus">
<emphasis id="E830BABBC06A2CFF765C733DD51DF5D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M. latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which belongs to a different genus from all other known species previously placed in
<taxonomicName id="048EE5BF6B48EE21FB12485814431155" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A00747F863814A0416A57E95FBB0B16D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="048FC2AC996D34B900F7DDA4D9CB3121" captionStart="Figure 75" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 75. One of seven cladograms derived from parsimony analysis of 57 morphological characters from Cybistrinae and other Dytiscidae (len = 105, CI = 68, RI = 92) with characters mapped using ' fast' optimization in WinClada. Black hash marks indicate unambiguous changes, white hash marks indicate homoplasious changes or reversals. Numbers above hash marks are character numbers, those below hash marks are derived state numbers." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figure75" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963593" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">75</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D60011796A6635369D2C9B5A5ED8A0CF" captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 76. Consensus cladogram of seven equally parsimonious cladograms from parsimony analysis of 57 morphological characters from Cybistrinae and other Dytiscidae morphology." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963594" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">76</figureCitation>
) requiring this new name for those species now in
<taxonomicName id="034377BDBA389D7A7164C3C6A53AEC94" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Metaxydytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaxydytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26FCA35FB54D2960166F14661C7EBB52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Metaxydytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species of
<taxonomicName id="CD3DAC51A7F2D85B23DB674A00B093ED" authorityName="Miller &amp; Michat &amp; Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Metaxydytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metaxydytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9CFB883CD910D4549C4D70CD5AF0FCC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Metaxydytes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have never been completely revised, although
<bibRefCitation id="706A5C1B35AE9A7C5B9A4177143B682F" author="Tremouilles, ER" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="153 - 157" refId="B38" refString="Tremouilles, ER, 1989a. Notas sobre Coleoptera acuaticos Neotropicales. II. Nuevos aportes al. conocimiento del genero Megadytes Sharp (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). Sobre ejemplares del British Museum (Natural History). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 45: 153 - 157" title="Notas sobre Coleoptera acuaticos Neotropicales. II. Nuevos aportes al. conocimiento del genero Megadytes Sharp (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). Sobre ejemplares del British Museum (Natural History)." volume="45" year="1989 a">
<normalizedToken id="EDFCDF7CF7CD65A05135412E87CB3F91" originalValue="Trémouilles">Tremouilles</normalizedToken>
(1989a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="465336D8AB2EFD47F63938B7E88ECBF4" author="Tremouilles, ER" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="159 - 161" refId="B39" refString="Tremouilles, ER, 1989b. Notas sobre Coleoptera acuaticos neotropicalis. III. Datos ampliatorios sobre distrucion geografica de especies de Megadytes Sharp (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 45: 159 - 161" title="Notas sobre Coleoptera acuaticos neotropicalis. III. Datos ampliatorios sobre distrucion geografica de especies de Megadytes Sharp (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)." volume="45" year="1989 b">b</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="4B16426FCDC184B98AC1861BE16849C7" author="Tremouilles, ER" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="101 - 125" refId="B40" refString="Tremouilles, ER, Bachmann, AO, 1980. La tribu Cybisterini en la Argentina (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 39: 101 - 125" title="La tribu Cybisterini en la Argentina (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)." volume="39" year="1980">
<normalizedToken id="FB4AA543B7FAB71067194F71425E99CA" originalValue="Trémouilles">Tremouilles</normalizedToken>
and Bachmann (1980)
</bibRefCitation>
addressed the species in southern South America. The genus is in need of a comprehensive revision.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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