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<mods:title id="3685984B8F9BF1A59A05236D54D866AC">List of species records of enchytraeids (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata, Annelida) in China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20228EC11A7A57D211718438AE63F3C0">Zhang, Junqian</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="82A165327564FFEFAFCC6E4DB85AF941" box="[151,606,1655,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CA0436B97564FFEFAFCC6E4DB85AF941" blockId="7.[151,606,1655,1682]" box="[151,606,1655,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<heading id="914C81D57564FFEFAFCC6E4DB85AF941" bold="true" box="[151,606,1655,1682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFAFCC6E4DB85AF941" bold="true" box="[151,606,1655,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
?
<taxonomicName id="0DBB4D3A7564FFEFAFF66E42B82BF941" ID-CoL="6JMZF" authority="(Rosa, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Rosa" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[173,559,1655,1682]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulbosa">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFAFF66E42BB8AF941" bold="true" box="[173,398,1655,1682]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Fridericia bulbosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B487564FFEFAEC66E4DB823F941" author="Rosa, D." box="[413,551,1656,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref23097" refString="Rosa, D. (1887) Neoenchytraeus bulbosus n. sp. Bollettino del Museo di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 2, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1887">Rosa, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(T)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82A165327564FFEFAFCC6E89B92AF8C1" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CA0436B97564FFEFAFCC6E89B81EF906" blockId="7.[151,814,1724,1810]" box="[151,538,1724,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="0DBB4D3A7564FFEFAFCC6E89B812F906" ID-CoL="85VXD" authority="Rosa, 1887" authorityName="Rosa" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,534,1724,1749]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Neoenchytraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulbosus">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFAFCC6E89BB9FF907" box="[151,411,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Neoenchytraeus bulbosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B487564FFEFAEFA6E88B812F906" author="Rosa, D." box="[417,534,1725,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref23097" refString="Rosa, D. (1887) Neoenchytraeus bulbosus n. sp. Bollettino del Museo di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 2, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1887">Rosa, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA0436B97564FFEFAFCC6EEEB883F920" blockId="7.[151,814,1724,1810]" box="[151,647,1755,1779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="0DBB4D3A7564FFEFAFCC6EEEB809F920" ID-CoL="6JMZF" authority="Michaelsen 1889" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,525,1755,1779]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulbosa">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFAFCC6EEEBB52F920" box="[151,342,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Fridericia bulbosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B487564FFEFAE076EEEB809F920" author="Michaelsen, W." box="[348,525,1755,1779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref22392" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1889) Synopsis der Enchytraeiden. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 11, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1889">Michaelsen 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B487564FFEFAD4C6EE9B880F920" author="Rota, E." box="[535,644,1755,1779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="1987 - 2020" refId="ref23262" refString="Rota, E. (2015) Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores. Journal of Natural History, 49, 1987 - 2020. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2015.1009514" type="journal article" year="2015">Rota 2015</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA0436B97564FFEFAFCC6ECFB92AF8C1" blockId="7.[151,814,1724,1810]" box="[151,814,1786,1810]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
For further synonymies see
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B487564FFEFAEE96ECFB851F8C1" author="Schmelz, R. M." box="[434,597,1786,1810]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 415" refId="ref23558" refString="Schmelz, R. M. (2003) Taxonomy of Fridericia (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Revision of species with morphological and biochemical methods. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschafrlichen Vereins in Hamburg, Hamburg, 38, 1 - 415." type="journal article" year="2003">Schmelz (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, but see
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B487564FFEFADF66ECFB92EF8C1" author="Rota, E." box="[685,810,1786,1810]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="1987 - 2020" refId="ref23262" refString="Rota, E. (2015) Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores. Journal of Natural History, 49, 1987 - 2020. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2015.1009514" type="journal article" year="2015">Rota (2015)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="CA0436B97564FFEFAFCC6F75B905F889" blockId="7.[151,1436,1856,2027]" box="[151,769,1856,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<materialsCitation id="7AD33CE47564FFEFAFCC6F75B8F9F889" box="[151,765,1856,1882]" country="Italy" location="Torino" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFAFCC6F75BB32F889" bold="true" box="[151,310,1856,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<typeStatus id="1500881B7564FFEFAFCC6F75BAD6F889" box="[151,210,1856,1882]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="B2AC76297564FFEFAE676F75BB74F889" box="[316,368,1856,1882]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="CF6460627564FFEFAE206F75BBCCF889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:421287AF7564FFE0AFCC6E4DBBD4FD1E:CF6460627564FFEFAE206F75BBCCF889" box="[379,456,1856,1882]" country="Italy" name="Torino" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Torino</location>
, in soil and decaying wood
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82A165327564FFEFAF9C6F51BEF2F8AD" box="[199,1270,1892,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CA0436B97564FFEFAF9C6F51BEF2F8AD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1856,2027]" box="[199,1270,1892,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFAF9C6F51BBCBF8AD" bold="true" box="[199,463,1892,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="B2AC76297564FFEFAE246F51BBCEF8AD" box="[383,458,1892,1918]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">China</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Only found in
<collectingRegion id="087FF85B7564FFEFAD216F51B8F2F8AD" box="[634,758,1892,1918]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
City, in the bamboo forest (
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B487564FFEFAB6B6F51BEEEF8AD" author="Xie, Z. C. &amp; Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z." box="[1072,1258,1892,1918]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="158 - 163" refId="ref25231" refString="Xie, Z. C., Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z. (1999 b) Taxonomic study on Fridericia (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) along the Changjiang (Yangtze) Basin. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 23, 158 - 163." type="journal article" year="1999">
Xie
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFAB3A6F50BE9DF8AD" box="[1121,1177,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
1999b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82A165327564FFE0AF9C6FBDBBD4FD1E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CA0436B97564FFEFAF9C6FBDBF98F839" blockId="7.[151,1436,1856,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFAF9C6FBDBB3FF871" bold="true" box="[199,315,1928,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Remarks.</emphasis>
The characters of the Chinese specimens recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B487564FFEFACCA6FBDBE4AF871" author="Xie, Z. C. &amp; Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z." box="[913,1102,1928,1954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="158 - 163" refId="ref25231" refString="Xie, Z. C., Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z. (1999 b) Taxonomic study on Fridericia (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) along the Changjiang (Yangtze) Basin. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 23, 158 - 163." type="journal article" year="1999">
Xie
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFACE46FBCB9F2F871" box="[959,1014,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
(1999b)
</bibRefCitation>
were said to conform with the description of the species given by
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B487564FFEFAD736F99B97EF814" author="Nielsen, C. O. &amp; Christensen, B." box="[552,890,1964,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refId="ref22784" refString="Nielsen, C. O. &amp; Christensen, B. (1959) The Enchytraedae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Naturhistorisk Musum, Aarhus, 154 pp." type="book" year="1959">Nielsen &amp; Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B487564FFEFACD26F99BE4EF815" author="Xie, Z. C. &amp; Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z." box="[905,1098,1964,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="158 - 163" refId="ref25231" refString="Xie, Z. C., Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z. (1999 b) Taxonomic study on Fridericia (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) along the Changjiang (Yangtze) Basin. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 23, 158 - 163." type="journal article" year="1999">
Xie
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFACE06F98B9F1F815" box="[955,1013,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999b
</bibRefCitation>
) in: 2 per chaetae per bundle, short oesophageal appendages (“peptonephridia” in Xie
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB7564FFEFAC456FE4B95DF839" box="[798,857,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
1999) with 23 terminal or subterminal branches,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA0436B9756BFFE0AFCC68A2BAECFE92" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<typeStatus id="1500881B756BFFE0AFFA68A2BAD7FF62" box="[161,211,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">type</typeStatus>
a” nucleated coelomocytes, medium-sized ectal duct gland and long ectal duct. However,
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B48756BFFE0ABB368A2BF98FF62" author="Schmelz, R. M." box="[1256,1436,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 415" refId="ref23558" refString="Schmelz, R. M. (2003) Taxonomy of Fridericia (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Revision of species with morphological and biochemical methods. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschafrlichen Vereins in Hamburg, Hamburg, 38, 1 - 415." type="journal article" year="2003">Schmelz (2003)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="0DBB4D3A756BFFE0AE42688EB8E5FF06" authority="sensu Nielsen &amp; Christensen" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Christensen" box="[281,737,187,213]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulbosa">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB756BFFE0AE42688EBB94FF06" box="[281,400,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">F. bulbosa</emphasis>
sensu Nielsen &amp; Christensen
</taxonomicName>
in large parts a species different from
<taxonomicName id="0DBB4D3A756BFFE0ABFA688EBF13FF06" box="[1185,1303,187,213]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulbosa">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB756BFFE0ABFA688EBF13FF06" box="[1185,1303,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">F. bulbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and named it
<taxonomicName id="0DBB4D3A756BFFE0AFF468EABBB2FF2A" authority="Schmelz, 2002" authorityName="Schmelz" authorityYear="2002" box="[175,438,223,249]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="benti">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB756BFFE0AFF468EABB07FF2A" box="[175,259,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">F. benti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B48756BFFE0AE5068EABBB2FF2A" author="Schmelz, R. M." box="[267,438,223,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="75 - 85" refId="ref23526" refString="Schmelz, R. M. (2002) Records and taxonomy of Fridericia species found in the Mols area. Natura Jutlandica Occasional Papers, 2, 75 - 85." type="journal article" year="2002">Schmelz, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Further records of this species were considered doubtful or transferred to other species;
<taxonomicName id="0DBB4D3A756BFFE0AFCC6936BB09FECE" box="[151,269,259,285]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulbosa">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB756BFFE0AFCC6936BB09FECE" box="[151,269,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">F. bulbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
itself was considered a nomen dubium due to lack of
<typeStatus id="1500881B756BFFE0AC2C6936B9A3FECE" box="[887,935,259,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">type</typeStatus>
material and an original description poor in details.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA0436B9756BFFE0AF96697EBBD4FD1E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
Later
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B48756BFFE0AE55697EBB97FEB6" author="Rota, E." box="[270,403,330,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="1987 - 2020" refId="ref23262" refString="Rota, E. (2015) Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores. Journal of Natural History, 49, 1987 - 2020. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2015.1009514" type="journal article" year="2015">Rota (2015)</bibRefCitation>
collected material from a site not far from the
<typeStatus id="1500881B756BFFE0ACC9697EB9C6FEB6" box="[914,962,331,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">type</typeStatus>
locality and revalidated
<taxonomicName id="0DBB4D3A756BFFE0AB89697EBF41FEB6" box="[1234,1349,331,357]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulbosa">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB756BFFE0AB89697EBF41FEB6" box="[1234,1349,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">F. bulbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an emended redescription that contained the following characters, among others: (1) small body size (length:
<quantity id="0D439B5C756BFFE0AA63695BBF9CFE5A" box="[1336,1432,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">57 mm</quantity>
; segments: 2442); (2) chaetae up to 4 per bundle, chaetae behind clitellum generally 2 per bundle; (3) oesophageal appendages short, unbranched; (4) spermathecal ectal ducts very long, each with a small ectal gland, ampullae small and bulb-shaped; (5) 5 pairs of preclitellar nephridia (6/710/11); (6) nucleated coelomocytes hyaline (
<typeStatus id="1500881B756BFFE0AA3169EEBF98FE26" box="[1386,1436,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">type</typeStatus>
a); (7) dorsal blood vessel from XVIXVII, chylus cells in XIIIXV. The account of
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B48756BFFE0AB2169CABF4DFDCA" author="Xie, Z. C. &amp; Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z." box="[1146,1353,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="158 - 163" refId="ref25231" refString="Xie, Z. C., Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z. (1999 b) Taxonomic study on Fridericia (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) along the Changjiang (Yangtze) Basin. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 23, 158 - 163." type="journal article" year="1999">Xie et al. (1999b)</bibRefCitation>
differs from this account in: (1) larger body size (length: 910 vs.
<quantity id="0D439B5C756BFFE0AC776A17B988FDEE" box="[812,908,546,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">57 mm</quantity>
; segments: 4954 vs. 2442); (2) chaetae 2 per bundle throughout; (3) branched oesophageal appendages. It also differs from
<taxonomicName id="0DBB4D3A756BFFE0AB5F6A72BE53FDB2" authorityName="Schmelz" authorityYear="2002" box="[1028,1111,583,609]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="benti">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB756BFFE0AB5F6A72BE53FDB2" box="[1028,1111,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">F. benti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a higher segment number, branched oesophageal appendages and a small spermathecal ectal gland, among other characters. The identity of
<taxonomicName id="0DBB4D3A756BFFE0AAD36A5EBBF4FD7A" authority="sensu Xie et al. 1999 b" authorityName="Xie" authorityYear="1999" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulbosa">
<emphasis id="F8CFEAAB756BFFE0AAD36A5EBAF4FD7A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">F. bulbosa</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="AE2A4B48756BFFE0AE666ABABBF4FD7A" author="Xie, Z. C. &amp; Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z." box="[317,496,655,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" pagination="158 - 163" refId="ref25231" refString="Xie, Z. C., Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z. (1999 b) Taxonomic study on Fridericia (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) along the Changjiang (Yangtze) Basin. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 23, 158 - 163." type="journal article" year="1999">Xie et al. 1999b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is hence unresolved; resampling of the single locality where this species was found in
<collectingCountry id="B2AC7629756BFFE0AFEF6A86BAF3FD1E" box="[180,247,691,717]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">China</collectingCountry>
may be promising.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>