234 lines
28 KiB
XML
234 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="5ED726FEB2876A5D74AC9CCE7724C1D1" ID-CLB-Dataset="35633" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8547" ID-GBIF-Dataset="461f5c36-b398-41c6-9c0f-1ea2ba244c6b" ID-PMC="PMC4304027" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-472-1" ID-PubMed="25632246" ID-ZooBank="5320D7024D0E490D8E16C6A98102E6FC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-472-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 472" ModsDocTitle="Southern hemisphere deep-water stylasterid corals including a new species, Errinalabrosa sp. n. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Stylasteridae), with notes on some symbiotic scalpellids (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellidae)" checkinTime="1451244840955" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pica, Daniela, Cairns, Stephen D., Puce, Stefania & Newman, William A." docDate="2015" docId="EE15C41EADC0C56E34C13A2C6CA36240" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 472: 1-25" docOrigin="ZooKeys 472" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8547" docTitle="Errina fissurata Gray 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FF9B7A0D2C0BFFACFFBBFFFAD679FFAF" masterDocTitle="Southern hemisphere deep-water stylasterid corals including a new species, Errinalabrosa sp. n. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Stylasteridae), with notes on some symbiotic scalpellids (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellidae)" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1701372694591" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C3FA82D405F4DF4B4765019F73C52F53" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CA91385247181151B50CBAAF1F3CE3E3">
|
||
<mods:title id="3E1741E9B01098381094BB93EAA3C4C3">Southern hemisphere deep-water stylasterid corals including a new species, Errinalabrosa sp. n. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Stylasteridae), with notes on some symbiotic scalpellids (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="DCC543327F33484D3265FDCD79A05092" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D1FC9BD2A1EAB55AD59110B88D96A8A0">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="180DF990285E7816ED5D182199A3A2AF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EC811F9B33B2976B75BEFEBCE1ACB88F">Pica, Daniela</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0B3C8969DBAA81381EDE55E6460B195F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D60647AE7BEB107A78D3586CC49D1678">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E76DF643F44438E5F200CA374747A43D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D103F215AA9A126B0FF0FB2C8F35AD58">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="EE600667887A2942C781079BEB578524" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4777A0F8C161294DBEC08CF0EFF9DC42">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="762A3CE8EA3236118FD46DAB946838A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="641F1C62CD8D8296D9B8EBB8F2FF187B">Puce, Stefania</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7F42996873D206C708CC54AC67239601" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B48B4E4A0922824E4660B791EBF297C3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="19D616A1A6A456FAEBCBA0326DB4580A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B0FF71DE87D027112AB4A01E375753B8">Newman, William A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="177C20B8DFA48E40599481CDC4817F54">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="472FEF1854E1BDFA78A15EA007FCF765" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C6357C4A27CE406B10A874ADA5953F44">
|
||
<mods:title id="C4CD7B8C271AA77282858582B5A087F2">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="B1C35746E4D277263B3ABB5867C366B4">
|
||
<mods:date id="BEE359850F912DE605D78E6B41C9D976">2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A8577C866F4BE5FFE1B8E85AC6797534" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="D310CE62C876AF5C58CFCFD607D920F2">472</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="7F8BE330D35B69CF4EE73AFD0747CDF9" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="5F8C293288D19AECA8334328CD4C346B">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="56B712D540C67483F28FD906D21EB964">25</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="8F06F29F82330325722F4451A72E4A2B">
|
||
<mods:url id="5398155AEF7E46558FC42E74D13C263B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8547</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="55541F106D5AC648AB40B3EC69C74822">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="164CEFA37DA11557C3BCFC426DD75B7A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8547</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="39F95C1CCACB8D773A3924E2977AF476" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-472-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="619FD9FF0BEC84753238DF313E6F0BD3" type="ZooBank">5320D7024D0E490D8E16C6A98102E6FC</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="EE15C41EADC0C56E34C13A2C6CA36240" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152057713" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE15C41EADC0C56E34C13A2C6CA36240" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE15C41EADC0C56E34C13A2C6CA36240" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<subSubSection id="514916A29681BEC41DF926C21C959772" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="782B9D40F8418717A4FA8D3A9A34CDAD" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taxon classification Animalia Anthoathecata Stylasteridae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="991A8277635779FC000675563E8A800E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E2609EFA541CBADD0A9A365B4764B56" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D1BE9557534F6C681CDCD35A95CC7D6" ID-CoL="3B9L5" authority="Gray, 1872" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1872" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina fissurata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata">Errina fissurata (Gray, 1872)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6D067B17730DD714DCD125F832AA1C35" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="C99C2DCACEBA5D5300B4A67E5A266271" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="162961C703E82A622581D9466517F6D9" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madrepora fissurata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="016B7ED50F66971D0FCD259AED3C609C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Madrepora</pageBreakToken>
|
||
fissurata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51A5409EA862EE56A541EE260A7B9E38" author="Stokes, C" editor="Ross, JC" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="334 - 338" title="Remarks on some corals obtained from great depths in the Antarctic Ocean, in a letter from Charles Stokes to Captain Sir James C. Ross." volumeTitle="A voyage of discovery and research in the southern and Antarctic regions during the years 1839 - 43" year="1847">Stokes 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 336
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD7E90627608AE74C45BF2BD652689" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F01E34813DF5D446A370B27F75392C54" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina fissurata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata">Errina fissurata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CDE2B083BB4A42462E7FD4C646CCC6D3" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="744 - 747" title="Notes on corals from the South and Antarctic Seas." volume="1872" year="1872">Gray 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 745;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7DC30841990737D710ABC76F35C97EB9" author="Moseley, HN" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="425 - 503" title="On the structure of the Stylasteridae, a family of the hydroid stony corals." url="10.1098/rstl.1878.0014" volume="169" year="1879">Moseley 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 479;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B5347104EDFC8B1D826D3D27471EBE4D" author="Moseley, HN" journalOrPublisher="Report On The Scientific Results Of The Voyage Of H. M. S. Challenger Zool" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 101" title="Report on certain Hydroid, Alcyonarian and Madreporarian corals procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873 - 1876. Part 1. on the Hydrocorallinae." volume="2" year="1881">1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 84;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6E33DF196831078146DAA18584EAED09" author="Boschma, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 72" title="List of the described species in the Order Stylasterina." volume="33" year="1957">Boschma 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 53;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6E5CBF2A3366838D1BC792AEB3BC81D5" author="Boschma, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings Koninklijke Nederlanse Akademie van Wetenschappen (C)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="55 - 63" title="Errina (Lepidopora) decipiens, a new stylasterine coral from the West Indies." volume="67" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 284;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F700F9B5F41F34E69A1EF0960778155D" author="Boschma, H" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Map Folio Series" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="14 - 15" title="Distribution of selected groups of marine invertebrates in waters south of 35 ° S latitude, Stylasterina." volume="11" year="1969">Boschma and Lowe 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E2ECFD50D7A1244B065B798C17AC0306" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="61 - 164" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa)." url="10.1029/AR038p0061" volume="38" year="1983 a">Cairns 1983a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 89.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="06E62CCCDDE1EEB28643F127D85B656F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9DB4E21C26D407570D40E809C3E7B8A" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Labiopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Labiopora fissurata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata">Labiopora fissurata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A9F96D44E8AD0D3E183AE071EED3596E" author="Hickson, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="876 - 898" title="On the hydrocoralline genus Errina." volume="1912" year="1912">Hickson 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 878.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB56AE30026EBB6DF7B8F22264EB80D4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E8DB91826271455841A1A91E2D20832" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina (Eu-Errina) fissurata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata" subGenus="Eu-Errina">Errina (Eu-Errina) fissurata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1193BCE739893722058EC7E1DFC3E7D0" author="Broch, H" journalOrPublisher="Matematisk-Naturvidenskapelig Klasse" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 113" title="Investigations of Stylasteridae (Hydrocorals). Skrifterutgittav Norske Videnskaps-Akaddemi I Oslo. 1." volume="3" year="1942">Broch 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 38.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="603BDDAA77BA5642E2C9BD6DE2101798" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3470DF757F7930CE8B161A0F00876708" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina (Eu-Errina) antarctica" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica" subGenus="Eu-Errina">Errina (Eu-Errina) antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CCAF1C0A78AE0738B005A1914E455440" author="Broch, H" journalOrPublisher="Discovery Report" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="33 - 46" title="Stylasteridae (Hydrocorals) from the Southern Seas." volume="26" year="1951">Broch 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 35 (part of material from sta. 1948).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8D78E507774629D8E9E632378F294A1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7DB7DE185307501D0FF7B14EDA6CE537" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina (Errina) fissurata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata" subGenus="Errina">Errina (Errina) fissurata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B57765F112BB3D4735B2F9ED797EAF6C" author="Boschma, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings Koninklijke Nederlanse Akademie van Wetenschappen (C)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="331 - 344" title="On the stylasterine genus Errina, with the description of a new species." volume="66" year="1963">Boschma 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 337;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4324A89412D86783ABFD778E1871B9" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="61 - 164" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa)." url="10.1029/AR038p0061" volume="38" year="1983 a">Cairns 1983a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 89.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6141D08B97AABC7CF152DE772EE5BF4E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCF1FCB9C012B2129F419821F9EB0BE0" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina antarctica" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">Errina antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BB9A0D2ACF09BC8B28D51E51919BBB01" author="Boschma, H" journalOrPublisher="B. A. N. Z. A. R. E. Reports (B)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="109 - 120" title="Stylasterina." volume="9" year="1966">Boschma 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 109 (part of material from sta. 30).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="52360E1F762CA162AB428FC65A1728BA" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="material studied">
|
||
<paragraph id="48DCEE19B902F5B0F28E3A5A3EA95E39" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material studied.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E8618C146D12D41A9F58A8D1FC4A7DB" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
MNA 3070, MNA 3071: two colonies, Cruise Carbonant 2002, Sta. 24, 72°30'456"S, 174°05'552"E, 438 m depth, 13 January 2002 (in ethanol); MNA 3079, MNA 3080, MNA 3081, MNA 3082, MNA 3086: a total of five colonies, Cruise Tangaroa 2004, Sta. 77,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0CC0C5512CB08862B449699742595E86" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-72.12972">72°07'47"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="74C26E77D2E588CF9B3210E198293DFF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="172.70999">172°42'36"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 499 m depth, 14 February 2004 (dry); BNHM 1977.8.10.26: one colony, Discovery Expedition, Sta. 1948,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="62CF37FFDDE24E9B4579465D255C456E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-60.823334">60°49'24"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="943CCEC796CAA844E22DC946E55F20E4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-52.666668">52°40'00"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 490-610 m depth, 4 January 1937 (in ethanol).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="07BD14F4951A7E003410AA48D7F1A416" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5784B53DB396655BBBE5E39F0EA00747" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="13D0F811F92E4CB87AD21A7A4D397AE1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Specimens consist of up to 16.4 cm long broken branches of uniplanar colonies, all lacking the base (Figure 2a). The branching pattern is irregular and dichotomous, most branches oriented nearly parallel (Figure 2a). They are oval in cross-section and up to 6 mm in diameter. The blunt tips are 2-3 mm in diameter (Figure 2b).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="94FD75D60299DAB4DD354CC6B09EDBA2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="10C1BF7C4A6FE2012DEE76D2DE8F1889" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AAC749BB053F519F6033BB51B4982276" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina fissurata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata">Errina fissurata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray, 1872. a Colony. SEM micrographs of b apical branch
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95B3A2685918A6EBEC7FC6FB6E3BB890" originalValue="c–d">c-d</normalizedToken>
|
||
reticulate-granular coenosteal texture e gastrostyle f bifurcating spines of gastrostyle g different type of pores: gastropore (black arrow), large dactylopore spine (yellow arrow), small dactylopore spine (orange arrow) and large round pore (red arrow) h large dactylopore spine (yellow arrow), small dactylopore spines (orange arrows) and large round pore (red arrow) i large adcauline dactylopore spines j dactylostyles k small dactylopore spine l female ampulla m male ampulla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="40EFBF3C92B1A7F0D1C4E04EBD8A342D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The colour of the coenosteum is pale orange (Figure 2a) with the core of the branches white. The texture is reticulate-granular with small and rounded granules 1.4-10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="66FEDF735CC30899C48D97BF42AC6288" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter (Figures 2c, d). On the surface there are non-linear slits, up to 140
|
||
<normalizedToken id="65B835B56A218FF3EF68A6ECD3B1F355" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide and provided with teeth projecting inward (Figure 2d). They connect the coenosteal pores, 20-30
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4D6F2109E7623B1AB3355578C86050ED" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter (Figure 2d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D08CEA7856007D4510CB68F57EBDD08E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The gastropores and dactylopores are scattered over the coenosteum (Figure 2b). They are decreasing in abundance and density from the tip of each branch towards the base, being mainly present on the lateral branch edges and almost absent on the faces while they are generally lacking in the basal region. The round gastropores, 100-300
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4EFE3F909E29C5B9CEA7A81DD7C6684F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter, are not lipped and the gastrostyle tips are visible from the coenosteum surface (Figure 2b). The gastrostyles are robust and lanceolate without ridges and have multi-tipped bifurcating spines (Figures 2e, f). They are up to 470
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9A90F5C22B8FCB6632574F3F8DCA32A8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and up to 220
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0068D865F8C579FF2F55711696AD892C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter (L:D=1.7-2.9). Ring palisades and tabulae are not recorded (Figure 2e).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AAB3E1F2CD9ACFEAD9067B7BC8816E8D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The coenosteum surface contains two kinds of dactylopores, with either large or small spines, which protrude perpendicularly from it (Figure 2g). The large spines are U-shaped in cross-section and have an adcauline opening; they are mainly present in the distal portion of the branches (Figures 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="34617B8AD44CD968F19F2162F5E37FC8" originalValue="h–j">h-j</normalizedToken>
|
||
). They are 250-400
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7F979144D07D87B8853D2962E5682535" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long with a diameter of 250-500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2AFD9E71DCB23AF1DEC3AE6FD495948D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
and are characterised by a thick porous wall (Figure 2h). Laterally they are composed of smooth overlapping platelets, while the internal wall is characterised by the typical reticulate texture (Figures 2i, j). The dactylotome is 60-110
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1314BDE681C63053363015798F488529" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide (Figure 2j). From the apex to the base, the large dactylopore spines tend to become flush with the coenosteum and to disappear from the colony faces, remaining only on the lateral branch edges. The small spines are scattered between the large ones (Figures 2g, h, k), and, toward the base of the colony they become increasingly difficult to distinguish from the large dactylopores. Their external wall is smooth or reticulate and measures 60-140
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F435CEC86900A650D276E29BF80E49DF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
60-85
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A3DCD7E49FFCDB8D62016DBA1F4AF53B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter and up to 70
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D7980BF9CE3C6CD2B47848389EBB7871" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in length (Figures 2h, k). The dactylotome is randomly
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="110019733A9FAFD717A8F1E9CFCB612E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">oriented</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Figure 2h). Dactylostyles are present only in the large spines (Figure 2j). They are composed by rudimentary elements up to 35
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B6F2200D199512D26048EC1D376322B6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and are arranged in two linear series on the lateral internal wall of the spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="36F92667774F6D16BCC76A104A7E3303" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Large round pores (50-90
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15157B70EBD21C0F08504F06E5ECE4F5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter) almost flush with the coenosteum. They are scattered over the coral surface between the dactylopore spines (Figures 2g, h).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C4D1DB716BC849F62D1942C35ED8673" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The colonies present sexual dimorphism in both size and position of the ampullae. The female colonies have round ampullae (up to 1 mm in diameter) that protrude from the coenosteum surface (Figure 2l). Small dactylopores are frequently present over the ampullae. The efferent pores are up to 175
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3C12C21D781C7D02021F2D5DC09A388F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter and may be visible laterally. Male colonies have smaller, round to elliptical ampullae (up to 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F8E64DF6CACBE24E543B774E71CD58FE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter), which are partially embedded in the coenosteum and almost no detectable at the surface (Figure 2m).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AEC2627D136AB745003AB8E196E4CE8A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="08DAC288B1F1F7B89855F38B78142D6B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E22CFDB37C821C9B206BDDDCABFC0551" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
In the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic region 11
|
||
<taxonomicName id="866E15157C6F83AD0DFDA9DA1747091C" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Errina</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have been recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4809CD02FE745724EDC709062D37BB6" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="427 - 508" title="A generic revision of the Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa). Part 1. description of the genera." volume="33" year="1983 b">Cairns 1983b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0BA80FA47E8D2EC333A33F279EC836E0" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 179" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand, Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydroida)." volume="98" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Among them,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0579C8C92D73A55E2DD41F61E96EA4D7" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina fissurata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata">Errina fissurata</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FA6F3C4CF00282FE422FE59FB1A1640" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina antarctica" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">Errina antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar to our specimens in various characters such as coenosteum colour and texture, non-lipped gastropore, and in having two kinds of dactylopores. The characteristic shape of the large dactylopore spines, the shape of the gastrostyles and the dimorphism of the ampullae reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8AD35FDCF760B2E2BCFD9B9E8BF369" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina fissurata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata">Errina fissurata</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly match with our Antarctic specimens. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="442C310771DD1D6AFB3A1E5CBF9B9615" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina fissurata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata">Errina fissurata</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7FEDF415E7427AB8FF158D193FA7FC1" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina antarctica" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">Errina antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
show a distinct geographical and bathymetric distribution:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="258D687E0C08D8162DBA69BF85587AB5" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina fissurata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fissurata">Errina fissurata</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described around continental Antarctic, and almost exclusively at> 300 m depth, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82D298A01A84FD044AC89D40FDF9D793" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina antarctica" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">Errina antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from South America and usually reported from <300 m depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0A11E034516701E2319B75B48E899653" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Our specimens compare favourably with samples described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D6BB65C8131174F90EE72CC3FA67B3AB" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="61 - 164" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Stylasterina (Coelenterata: Hydrozoa)." url="10.1029/AR038p0061" volume="38" year="1983 a">Cairns (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but differ in having the coenosteal pores distinguishable at the coenosteum surface, the presence of large pores at the surface, and having dactylostyles in the large dactylopores, never described before for this species. To date, the only other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F98B4317FB3968C3001C621E12737A" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Errina</taxonomicName>
|
||
species described with dactylostyles is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BA16E5148635E9E70901FE89E8C2741" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Errina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Errina capensis" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">Errina capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hickson, 1912 from South Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B2BD5247CE435037894AE51537067EF" author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="001 - 057" title="Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.1" volume="3691" year="2013">Cairns and Zibrowius 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |