232 lines
18 KiB
XML
232 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748525" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1586358796837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burgin, Connor" docDate="2019" docId="885887A2FFEC8A0AFF06F534F239DC09" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus cognatus K Andersen 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="23" lastPageNumber="314" masterDocId="7461FFDAFFCF8A29FFCCFFA1FF85D963" masterDocTitle="Rhinolophidae" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="314" updateTime="1662494444684" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rhinolophidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Burgin, Connor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mittermeier, Russell A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>332</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3748525</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3809016" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163549947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3809016" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFEC8A0AFF06F534F239DC09" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2FFEC8A0AFF06F534F239DC09" lastPageNumber="314" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<subSubSection box="[202,1013,2709,2770]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[202,1639,2709,2770]" box="[202,1013,2709,2770]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<figureCitation box="[202,271,2709,2770]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="26.[175,218,4332,4359]" captionTargetBox="[136,3490,134,4724]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus}; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus keyensis}; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus virgo}; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus madurensis}; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus celebensis}; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus robinsoni); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nereis}; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus borneensis); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus malayanus}; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cornutus}; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus perditus}; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monticolus}; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shortridgei}; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monoceros}; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pusillus}; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subbadius}; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus convexus}; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cognatus}; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus refulgens}; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lepidus};" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3758605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3758605/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">72</figureCitation>
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. Andaman Horseshoe Bat
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1078,1639,2709,2770]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[202,1639,2709,2770]" box="[1078,1639,2709,2770]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1906" box="[1078,1639,2709,2770]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cognatus">
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<emphasis box="[1078,1639,2709,2770]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Rhinolophus cognatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[200,1593,2788,2815]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[200,1593,2788,2815]" box="[200,1593,2788,2815]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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French:
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<emphasis box="[314,465,2788,2815]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Rhinolophe</emphasis>
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de Giglioli /
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[632,755,2788,2815]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">German:</emphasis>
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Andamanen-Hufeisennase /
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1147,1271,2788,2815]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Spanish:</emphasis>
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Herradura de Andaman
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[1020,1816,2888,3456]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1021,1232,2888,2927]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cognatus">
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<emphasis box="[1261,1657,2888,2927]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Rhinolophus cognatus</emphasis>
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K Andersen, 1906
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[1020,1816,2888,3456]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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“
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597534047" country="India" location="Port Blair, South Andaman Island" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFEC8A0AFF06F534F239DC09:052E606FFFEC8A0AFADBF4DDFBF3D2BB" country="India" name="Port Blair, South Andaman Island" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Port Blair, South Andaman Island</location>
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,”
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<collectingCountry box="[1177,1280,2993,3032]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[1020,1816,2888,3456]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1906" box="[1022,1417,3046,3085]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cognatus">
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<emphasis box="[1022,1417,3046,3085]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Rhinolophus cognatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is included in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[1020,1158,3099,3138]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
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<emphasis box="[1020,1158,3099,3138]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">pusillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group. The exact relationship of this species to other
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<taxonomicName box="[1599,1815,3151,3190]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1599,1815,3151,3190]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Rhinolophus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species is uncertain.
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<emphasis box="[1414,1557,3204,3243]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Validity</emphasis>
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of race
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<emphasis box="[1708,1816,3204,3243]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">famulus</emphasis>
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is sometimes questioned. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3750050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3750050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3750050/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" targetBox="[198,991,2891,3447]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[1020,1816,2888,3456]" box="[1022,1558,3363,3402]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1022,1558,3363,3402]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[1020,1816,2888,3456]" lastBlockId="35.[197,1814,3467,4615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis box="[1023,1104,3416,3455]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">R. c.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="K Andersen, 1906" authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1906" box="[1125,1647,3416,3455]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cognatus">
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<emphasis box="[1125,1276,3416,3455]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">cognatus</emphasis>
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K Andersen, 1906
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</taxonomicName>
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- Andaman Is (South Andaman).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[197,1814,3467,4615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis box="[199,433,3519,3558]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">R. c. famulus</emphasis>
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K. Andersen, 1918 - Andaman Is (North, Point,
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<emphasis box="[1353,1528,3519,3558]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Interview</emphasis>
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, Baratang, and Narcondam).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[197,1814,3467,4615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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The species is
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<emphasis box="[478,543,3625,3664]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">not</emphasis>
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known from the Nicobar Is, despite a number of sources listing it from them.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[197,1814,3467,4615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[198,537,3731,3770]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 36-
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<quantity box="[840,949,3731,3770]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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(average), tail
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<quantity box="[1238,1438,3731,3770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="13.0">13-21 mm</quantity>
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, ear 13-5-18-
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<quantity box="[1692,1804,3731,3770]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot 6-
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<quantity box="[418,572,3781,3820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5-9 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 37-5-40-
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<quantity box="[920,1032,3781,3820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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; weight 9-
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<quantity box="[1224,1283,3781,3820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="g" value="9.0">9 g</quantity>
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(average). There is no published information about its coloration. Ears are medium-sized. Noseleafhas tall lancet with concave lateral margins and spatulate tip; connecting process is hom-shaped and
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<emphasis box="[198,334,3942,3981]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">slightly</emphasis>
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curved downward near tip; sella is
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<emphasis box="[1024,1194,3942,3981]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">relatively</emphasis>
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large and
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<emphasis box="[1406,1541,3942,3981]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">slightly</emphasis>
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narrows from base, with widely rounded tip; horseshoe is relatively wide (6-5-7-
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<quantity box="[1462,1575,3994,4033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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) and lateral leaflets are conspicuous. There are three mental grooves on lower lip. Skull is
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<emphasis box="[199,327,4100,4139]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">moderately</emphasis>
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robust (zygomatic width is greater than mastoid width); anterior and lateral rostral swellings are moderately developed; rostral profile is sloped backward; sagittal crest is moderately developed; frontal depression is shallow; supraorbital ridges are well developed. C1 is relatively slender and long; P2 is medium-sized and within tooth row; P
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[316,329,4312,4351]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">3</emphasis>
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is either within tooth row or half-extruded from it, separating P2 from P
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1687,1707,4312,4351]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">4.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[197,1814,3467,4615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[198,349,4364,4403]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Subtropical and tropical moist lowland forest, mangrove forest, and swamps, at elevations up to
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<specimenCount box="[556,680,4418,4457]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="generic">
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||
<quantity box="[556,674,4418,4457]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[197,1814,3467,4615]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[198,381,4470,4509]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Food and</emphasis>
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Feeding. Andaman Horseshoe Bats are insectivorous. An individual was observed hunting from a constant perch at the edge of moist lowland forest, suggesting that the species probably perch-hunts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[1907,3546,345,1393]" box="[1916,2420,345,384]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Breeding. No information.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[1907,3546,345,1393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1913,2235,396,435]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Andaman Horseshoe Bat roosts mainly in caves and hollows in trees. Some individuals in a large limestone cave on Baratang were seen in torpor in January when the average minimum temperature was 18°C. Search call shape is FM/ CF/FM with a peak F of 85-2-92-1 kHz (mean 89-9 kHz) and duration of 40-2-82-1 milliseconds (mean 53-1 milliseconds).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="35.[1907,3546,345,1393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1915,2473,665,704]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Movements, Home range and</emphasis>
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Social
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2604,2850,665,704]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">organization.</emphasis>
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Average colony size in caves appears to be less than 50 individuals. The Andaman Horseshoe Bat is known to form mixedspecies colonies, and it frequently shares its cave roosts with Homfray’s Horseshoe Bat
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<emphasis box="[1919,2260,823,863]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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(.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1872" box="[1987,2242,823,862]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="314" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">andamanensis</taxonomicName>
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).
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[1907,3546,345,1393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1914,2393,875,914]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Endangered on
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<emphasis box="[2972,3318,875,914]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">The IUCN ed List.</emphasis>
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The Andaman Horseshoe Bat is poorly known, and its distribution is limited to a few islands within the Andamans. It is threatened by roost disturbance due to the collection of nests of edible-nest swiftlets (
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<emphasis box="[2468,2894,1035,1074]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Aerodramusfuciphagus)</emphasis>
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, which share the caves with these bats. There are
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<emphasis box="[2214,2388,1088,1127]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">currently</emphasis>
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no conservation measures in place for this species and it remains unprotected
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<emphasis box="[2281,2326,1140,1179]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">by</emphasis>
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in the Indian Wildlife (Protection)
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<emphasis box="[2994,3063,1140,1179]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Act</emphasis>
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, 1972. However, much of the distribution of this species falls within protected areas. Further studies are needed to understand the
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<emphasis box="[2267,2412,1247,1286]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">ecology</emphasis>
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of this species and potential threats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="314" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="35.[1907,3546,345,1393]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1914,2116,1306,1333]" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Aul (2003, 2006), Aul &
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<emphasis box="[2470,2641,1306,1333]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">Chakravarty</emphasis>
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(2016), Aul et al. (2014), Bates & Harrison (1997), Csorba et
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<emphasis box="[3507,3537,1306,1333]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="314">al.</emphasis>
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(2003), Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2012), Srinivasulu, Racey & Mistry (2010), Srinivasulu, Srinivasulu et al. (2017).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |