187 lines
22 KiB
XML
187 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="87B6C05DCDE50C89157BE60FF7A76541">‘ On Psilorhynchus sucatio and P. nudithoracicus’, the sequel: Unnecessary and unscientific names lead to rapid synonymization and taxonomic time wasting-A response to Arunachalam et al. (2018)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9E7191C4635985BD4F350762149E367E">Conway, Kevin W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FAA0A7484E0D98CF90F4925F3EC2EF4B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3F7556D7E16321E6F20A3674E072CCA1">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="DB52611E6367D831FF75FA40623538AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5957439" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143935235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5957439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB52611E6367D831FF75FA40623538AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB52611E6367D831FF75FA40623538AB" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">
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<paragraph id="5344D0086367D830FF75FA4060603F5C" blockId="0.[151,1436,1526,2035]" box="[151,875,1526,1552]" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">
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<heading id="080C67646367D830FF75FA4060603F5C" bold="true" box="[151,875,1526,1552]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FF75FA4060603F5C" bold="true" box="[151,875,1526,1552]" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">
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Problems with the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FDFEFA4060603F5C" box="[540,875,1526,1552]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FDFEFA4060603F5C" bold="true" box="[540,875,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">Psilorhynchus platydorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1BE183836367D831FF75F9AF623538AB" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="5344D0086367D831FF75F9AF62EA3833" blockId="0.[151,1436,1526,2035]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,152,487]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">
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Arunachalam
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FED3F9AF626F3F7C" box="[305,356,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">et al</emphasis>
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. (2018) described
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FDD8F9AF60633F7C" box="[570,872,1561,1584]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FDD8F9AF60633F7C" box="[570,872,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">Psilorhynchus platydorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on three specimens collected from a single location (Son River, Koilwar Village, Bhojpur District,
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<collectingRegion id="913F1EEA6367D830FD08F98A602C3F1F" box="[746,807,1596,1619]" country="India" name="Bihar" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">Bihar</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="2BEC90986367D830FCD0F98A60663F1F" box="[818,877,1596,1619]" name="India" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">India</collectingCountry>
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). Based on the characters listed in the description of
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FF75F9E862373F39" box="[151,316,1630,1653]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FF75F9E862373F39" box="[151,316,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. platydorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Arunachalam
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FE03F9E861043F39" box="[481,527,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">et al</emphasis>
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., 2018: 217–218) and based on the gestalt of the
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<typeStatus id="8C406EAA6367D830FBF8F9E8677C3F39" box="[1050,1143,1630,1653]" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(Arunachalam
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FAFFF9E866473F39" box="[1309,1356,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">et al</emphasis>
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., 2018; Fig. 1) it is apparent that this newly described species is very similar in external appearance to
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FB3FF93766973FD4" box="[1245,1436,1665,1688]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudithoracicus">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FB3FF93766973FD4" box="[1245,1436,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. nudithoracicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(compare the
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<typeStatus id="8C406EAA6367D830FEC8F912628C3FF7" box="[298,391,1700,1723]" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FDF4F91261B03FF7" box="[534,699,1700,1723]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FDF4F91261B03FF7" box="[534,699,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. platydorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shown in figure 1 of Arunachalam
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FBDAF912676C3FF7" box="[1080,1127,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">et al</emphasis>
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., 2018 with any specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FF75F97062523F91" box="[151,345,1734,1757]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudithoracicus">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FF75F97062523F91" box="[151,345,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. nudithoracicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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illustrated in Conway
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FD89F97061AA3F91" box="[619,673,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">et al</emphasis>
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., 2013 [figures 15–17, 20]). In the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FB0AF97062E23E4C" authority=", Arunachalam et al. (2018: 214)" authorityName="Arunachalam et al." authorityPageNumber="214" authorityYear="2018" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FB0AF97066973F91" box="[1256,1436,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. platydorsalis,</emphasis>
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Arunachalam
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FECCF95F62563E4C" box="[302,349,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">et al</emphasis>
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. (2018: 214)
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</taxonomicName>
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list 20 characters, including counts of fin rays and scales and measurements of the fins, body and head, which serve to differentiate the allegedly new species from
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FC5AF8BA67793E6F" box="[952,1138,1804,1827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudithoracicus">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FC5AF8BA67793E6F" box="[952,1138,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. nudithoracicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Critical appraisal (
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<tableCitation id="1E79E5B36367D830FAA0F8BA66993E6F" box="[1346,1426,1804,1827]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[125,204,496,517]" captionText="TABLE 1. Reassessment of characters reported to distinguish Psilorhynchus platydorsalis from P. nudithoracicus in Arunachalam et al. (2018) in comparison to information available from Conway et al. (2013) or derived subsequent to that study but based on the same material (***). Values in bold indicate those which can not be repeated based either on information available in Arunachalamet al.(2018)or examination ofmaterialofP.nudithoracicus." pageId="0" pageNumber="594">Table 1</tableCitation>
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) of these 20 characters reveals that the differences reported between
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FC8FF89867183E09" box="[877,1043,1838,1861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FC8FF89867183E09" box="[877,1043,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. platydorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FBAAF89866083E09" box="[1096,1283,1838,1861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudithoracicus">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FBAAF89866083E09" box="[1096,1283,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. nudithoracicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are either: (1) negligible (e.g., “distance between dorsal-fin origin and pectoral-fin insertion (28.7–29.3 [in
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FB5EF8E7666D3E24" box="[1212,1382,1873,1896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FB5EF8E7666D3E24" box="[1212,1382,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. platydorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] vs. 30.6–32.2 %SL [in
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FE88F8C261283EC7" box="[362,547,1908,1931]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudithoracicus">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FE88F8C261283EC7" box="[362,547,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. nudithoracicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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])” a difference of 1.3 % which equates to ~
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when one considers the size of the specimens or “caudal peduncle [width] (3.1–3.2 [in
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FCE6F82060A63EE1" box="[772,941,1942,1965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FCE6F82060A63EE1" box="[772,941,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. platydorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] vs. 1.9–2.9 %SL [in
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FB49F82066633EE1" box="[1195,1384,1942,1965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudithoracicus">
|
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FB49F82066633EE1" box="[1195,1384,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. nudithoracicus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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])” a difference of 0.2 % which equates to less than
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||
<quantity id="94037DED6367D830FD67F80F61DE3E9C" box="[645,725,1977,2000]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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when one considers the size of the specimens); (2) ephemeral, and likely to disappear when the actual variation in
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<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6367D830FD78F86A605E3EBF" box="[666,853,2012,2035]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="594" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudithoracicus">
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6367D830FD78F86A605E3EBF" box="[666,853,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="594">P. nudithoracicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
is considered (e.g., pre-anal length, pre-pelvic length, pectoral-fin length, pelvic-fin length, post-dorsal length etc;
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<tableCitation id="1E79E5B36366D831FCC7FF2E607F39E3" box="[805,884,152,175]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[125,204,496,517]" captionText="TABLE 1. Reassessment of characters reported to distinguish Psilorhynchus platydorsalis from P. nudithoracicus in Arunachalam et al. (2018) in comparison to information available from Conway et al. (2013) or derived subsequent to that study but based on the same material (***). Values in bold indicate those which can not be repeated based either on information available in Arunachalamet al.(2018)or examination ofmaterialofP.nudithoracicus." pageId="1" pageNumber="595">
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||
Table
|
||
<quantity id="94037DED6366D831FC85FF2E607F39E3" box="[871,884,152,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
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</tableCitation>
|
||
in Conway
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<emphasis id="618F0C1A6366D831FC19FF2E672039E3" box="[1019,1067,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">et al</emphasis>
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., 2013 and
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<tableCitation id="1E79E5B36366D831FB49FF2E67F039E3" box="[1195,1275,152,175]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[125,204,496,517]" captionText="TABLE 1. Reassessment of characters reported to distinguish Psilorhynchus platydorsalis from P. nudithoracicus in Arunachalam et al. (2018) in comparison to information available from Conway et al. (2013) or derived subsequent to that study but based on the same material (***). Values in bold indicate those which can not be repeated based either on information available in Arunachalamet al.(2018)or examination ofmaterialofP.nudithoracicus." pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Table 1</tableCitation>
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herein); or (3) entirely suspect because the values reported in the diagnosis are either in conflict with information provided elsewhere in the text (e.g., number of “pre-anal scales” listed as 7 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6366D831FCE8FF6B60BA39B8" box="[778,945,221,244]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="618F0C1A6366D831FCE8FF6B60BA39B8" box="[778,945,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">P. platydorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in diagnosis but “anal scale rows [=pre-anal scales]” listed as “8.5–9” in Table
|
||
<quantity id="94037DED6366D831FDE4FEB66124385B" box="[518,559,256,279]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
Arunachalam
|
||
<emphasis id="618F0C1A6366D831FD2EFEB661F1385B" box="[716,762,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018) or unlikely to be obtainable from material in the way it was examined by Arunachalam
|
||
<emphasis id="618F0C1A6366D831FE10FE9461293875" box="[498,546,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018) (e.g., the values reported for the length of the upper or lower jaws, which cannot be observed in preserved specimens due to the thick skin that contributes to the rostral cap, upper lip and lower jaw cushion in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6366D831FEDBFEDE62DA3833" authorityName="M'Clelland" authorityYear="1839" box="[313,465,360,383]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="618F0C1A6366D831FEDBFEDE62DA3833" box="[313,465,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">Psilorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5344D0086366D831FF25FE3C623538AB" blockId="1.[151,1437,152,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">
|
||
This demonstrates that Arunachalam
|
||
<emphasis id="618F0C1A6366D831FD91FE3C61A238ED" box="[627,681,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018) have not provided convincing character evidence that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6366D831FA6AFE3C62293888" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="618F0C1A6366D831FA6AFE3C62293888" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">P. platydorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6366D831FDBEFE1B60113888" box="[604,794,429,452]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudithoracicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="618F0C1A6366D831FDBEFE1B60113888" box="[604,794,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">P. nudithoracicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6366D831FC26FE1B67653888" box="[964,1134,429,452]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platydorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="618F0C1A6366D831FC26FE1B67653888" box="[964,1134,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">P. platydorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94FBAB8B6366D831FA6AFE1B623C38AB" class="Actinopterygii" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="595" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudithoracicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="618F0C1A6366D831FA6AFE1B623C38AB" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="595">P. nudithoracicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |