436 lines
57 KiB
XML
436 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="F70E6EDD99A9C325C0ACAA2E23CADD52" ID-CLB-Dataset="5426" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d32f9c2-3094-425b-bb7e-9c6e0517d4fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927721" ID-ZooBank="AA7FEED5-5C1F-48D0-A172-5C25C4001DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623431431244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał & Caldara, Roberto" docDate="2014" docId="A65B8792F3111F1267B4BBEC8DAEAEC3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03839p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3839 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tychius alpinus Hustache 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="5A62FFEAF3181F186723BA028828AC6B" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1699010544010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EF19492D66CCC18CCB36826E6E4D49BD">Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7064FE81F671F77EC85A267FE9698BEF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="ED1CCFC4373A62A0C778F7306D62021E">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D3C7F685F5B842DB860ED4FD832E318">Gosik, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B6DA645016D9326681F146D2C5431EB">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6F668BAFB62A4C6463BC3408953C1153">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4921EBB3154BA8E0863E4AF893E8BFCF">
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<mods:date id="868521694CFFBB3559C9A3D568DB9F5A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="59E4D4A4241B09F192FD161C5F3611FE">2014-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DD36B7FC601E50824F8E317A39C70C40">3839</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A65B8792F3111F1267B4BBEC8DAEAEC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927617" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927617" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3111F1267B4BBEC8DAEAEC3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65B8792F3111F1267B4BBEC8DAEAEC3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3111F1167B4BBEC89FFAE28" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167B4BBEC8A50AE63" blockId="9.[151,632,494,520]" box="[151,632,494,520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="750581E8F3111F1167B4BBEC8A50AE63" bold="true" box="[151,632,494,520]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3111F1167B4BBEC8A50AE63" ID-CoL="59RQS" authority="Hustache, 1926" authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,632,494,520]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167B4BBEC8A50AE63" bold="true" box="[151,632,494,520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167B4BBEC88DFAE63" bold="true" box="[151,247,494,520]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tychius</emphasis>
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(s. str.)
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11667ABBEC899BAE63" bold="true" box="[345,435,494,520]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">alpinus</emphasis>
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Hustache, 1926
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167B4B82F89FFAE28" blockId="9.[151,471,557,579]" box="[151,471,557,579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3111F1167B4B82F897DAE28" author="Caldara, R." box="[151,341,557,579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990: 122</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3111F11667CB82F89FBAE28" author="Caldara, R." box="[351,467,557,579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref37317" refString="Caldara, R. (1995 a) Aggiunte alla revisione delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 134 (1993), 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="1995">1995a: 127</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3111F1167B4B86D8C58AEBB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167B4B86D8C58AEBB" blockId="9.[151,1437,623,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167B4B86D8950AEE3" bold="true" box="[151,376,623,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F3111F1166A5B86D8C57AEC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411308" collectingDate="1990-06-10" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" county="Caldara" location="Lavagnina" municipality="Alessandria province" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-larva="3" stateProvince="Piemonte">
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3111F1166A5B86D89C8AEE3" box="[390,480,623,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
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from pods of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3111F11655FB86D8B99AEE3" box="[636,945,623,648]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monspessulanus">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11655FB86D8B99AEE3" box="[636,945,623,648]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Astragalus monspessulanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F3111F116361B86D8C92AEE3" box="[1090,1210,623,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1990-06-10">
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<collectingDate id="4A08E9ACF3111F116361B86D8C92AEE3" box="[1090,1210,623,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1990-06-10">10.vi.1990</collectingDate>
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</date>
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around the artificial
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<location id="2B2D605FF3111F1167B4B8968925AEC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3111F1267B4BBEC8DAEAEC3:2B2D605FF3111F1167B4B8968925AEC6" box="[151,269,660,685]" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Alessandria province" name="Lavagnina" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Piemonte">Lavagnina</location>
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lakes,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE29ACFEF3111F116641B8968A7DAEC6" box="[354,597,660,685]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Alessandria province</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F3111F116540B8968AE5AEC6" box="[611,717,660,685]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Piemonte</collectingRegion>
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(northern
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3111F11646AB8968BA8AEC6" box="[841,896,660,685]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Italy</collectingCountry>
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), leg.
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<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F3111F1164E9B8968BC8AEC0" box="[970,992,660,683]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R</collectionCode>
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||
.
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<collectingCounty id="C72C4E08F3111F1164CDB8968C60AEC6" box="[1006,1096,660,685]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Caldara</collectingCounty>
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, and
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</materialsCitation>
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3111F1163AAB8968CD9AEC0" box="[1161,1265,660,685]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="pupa">11 pupae</specimenCount>
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obtained from larvae collected similarly to the others, all determined by association with reared adults.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3111F1167E4B8DE8A85AE9E" box="[199,685,732,757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167E4B8DE8A85AE9E" blockId="9.[151,1437,623,2036]" box="[199,685,732,757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167E4B8DE89E5AE9E" bold="true" box="[199,461,732,757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3111F116527B8DE8A49AE9E" box="[516,609,732,757]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3111F1165BBB8DE8A80AE9E" box="[664,680,732,757]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="28.[151,241,484,507]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 3. Pupal setal index of: 1—T. quinquepunctatus group (A—T. quinqupunctatus); 2—T. intrusus group (B—T. alpinus; C—T. brisouti); 3—T. depressus group (D—T. depressus); 4—T. seriepilosus group (E—T. schneideri); 5—T. siculus group (F—T. capucinus); 6—T. squamulatus group (G—T. caldarai; H—T. squamulatus); 7—T. argentatus group (I—T. argentatus); 8—T. stephensi group (J—T. breviusculus; K—T. curtirostris; L—T. decretus; M—T. meliloti; N—T. pusillus; O—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10">3</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3111F1267E4B8FD89F8ADC6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167E4B8FD890BAF56" blockId="9.[151,1437,623,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167E4B8FD8A30AF73" bold="true" box="[199,536,767,792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
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COLORATION. Head brown to light brown. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167E4B94A8973A82F" blockId="9.[151,1437,623,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width:
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<quantity id="E90A9B61F3111F116430B9458B93AF34" box="[787,955,839,864]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.505" valueMax="0.52" valueMin="0.49">0.49–0.52 mm</quantity>
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(see
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3111F1164DCB9458C75AF0B" box="[1023,1117,839,864]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
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). Endocarinal line present, exceeding middle of frons.
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1166E4B96F89D3AFE2" box="[455,507,877,905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
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Des
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<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F1166D0B97989D3AFE2" attach="left" box="[499,507,891,905]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located almost in central parts of epicarnium;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1164DDB96E8C03AFE2" box="[1022,1067,876,905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F116300B9798C03AFE2" attach="left" box="[1059,1067,891,905]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located almost in central parts of epicarnium close to
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11665EB991898AAFC1" box="[381,418,915,938]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pes</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116690B99089C9AFC4" box="[435,481,914,943]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F1166FAB9A389C9AFC4" attach="left" box="[473,481,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located along frontal suture;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116412B9908B76AFC4" box="[817,862,914,943]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F116475B9A38B76AFC4" attach="left" box="[854,862,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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absent;
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11649DB9908BC4AFC4" box="[958,1004,914,943]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F1164C7B9A38BC4AFC4" attach="left" box="[996,1004,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F116399B9908D27AFC0" box="[1210,1295,914,939]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–39" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,203,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-127@41.[151,1436,193,1733]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 34–39. Tychius alpinus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 34—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 35—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 36—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 37—antenna; 38—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 39—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927741/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116207B9918D60AFC4" box="[1316,1352,915,943]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F116263B9A38D60AFC4" attach="left" box="[1344,1352,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1162A1B9908DB4AFC4" box="[1410,1436,914,943]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F1162B7B9A38DB4AFC4" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167D3B9BB8922AFBD" box="[240,266,953,982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F116621B9CA8922AFBD" attach="left" box="[258,266,968,982]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
short, located medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116509B9BB8A6CAFBD" box="[554,580,953,982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F11651FB9CA8A6CAFBD" attach="left" box="[572,580,968,982]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially (along epistoma);
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116308B9BB8C6DAFBD" box="[1067,1093,953,982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F11631EB9CA8C6DAFBD" attach="left" box="[1085,1093,968,982]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally (along epistoma), 3 to 4 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116506B9E28A17AF96" box="[549,575,992,1021]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F116514B9ED8A17AF96" attach="left" box="[567,575,1007,1021]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F11656CB9E28A8BAF92" box="[591,675,992,1017]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–39" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,203,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-127@41.[151,1436,193,1733]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 34–39. Tychius alpinus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 34—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 35—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 36—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 37—antenna; 38—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 39—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927741/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116594B9E38AF6AF93" box="[695,734,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Les</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1164C2B9E28C26AF96" box="[993,1038,992,1021]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F116325B9ED8C26AF96" attach="left" box="[1030,1038,1007,1021]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11633FB9E38C69AF93" box="[1052,1089,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ves</emphasis>
|
||
very short. Postepicranial area with group of 4 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1166BFBE0A89E9A874" box="[412,449,1032,1055]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pes</emphasis>
|
||
. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 3 very short, triangular, sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F1167D9BE298966A82F" box="[250,334,1067,1092]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–39" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,203,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-127@41.[151,1436,193,1733]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 34–39. Tychius alpinus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 34—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 35—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 36—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 37—antenna; 38—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 39—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927741/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167E4BE4D8DA6A9DF" blockId="9.[151,1437,623,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F116612BE4D89ACA803" box="[305,388,1103,1128]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–39" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,203,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-127@41.[151,1436,193,1733]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 34–39. Tychius alpinus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 34—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 35—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 36—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 37—antenna; 38—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 39—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927741/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 3 times as wide as long;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11647EBE4D8BA4A807" box="[861,908,1103,1132]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F1164A7BE5C8BA4A807" attach="left" box="[900,908,1118,1132]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116358BE4D8C82A807" box="[1147,1194,1103,1132]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F116381BE5C8C82A807" attach="left" box="[1186,1194,1118,1132]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116399BE4D8CC1A807" box="[1210,1257,1103,1132]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F1163C2BE5C8CC1A807" attach="left" box="[1249,1257,1118,1132]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
slightly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167EDBE7788D5A8F8" box="[206,253,1141,1171]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F1167D6BE8788D5A8F8" attach="left" box="[245,253,1157,1171]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin slightly sinuate. Clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F1165C5BE778B10A8E5" box="[742,824,1141,1166]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–39" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,203,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-127@41.[151,1436,193,1733]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 34–39. Tychius alpinus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 34—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 35—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 36—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 37—antenna; 38—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 39—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927741/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
) 3.5 times as wide as long; with 2 pairs of short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11627DBE778D55A8E5" box="[1374,1405,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">cls</emphasis>
|
||
of same length, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded inside. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F11624CBE9E889CA8B2" captionStart="FIGURES 34–39" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,203,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-127@41.[151,1436,193,1733]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 34–39. Tychius alpinus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 34—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 35—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 36—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 37—antenna; 38—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 39—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927741/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11665FBEC289B5A8B2" box="[380,413,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">als</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 2 pairs of short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1164AABEC38B9EA8B3" box="[905,950,1217,1240]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ams</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1164E4BEC38BD4A8B6" box="[967,1020,1217,1245]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F1164D7BECD8BD4A8B6" attach="left" box="[1012,1020,1231,1245]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116228BEC38D68A8B6" box="[1291,1344,1217,1245]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3111F11621BBECD8D68A8B6" attach="left" box="[1336,1344,1231,1245]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; with 3 relatively short and finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1166D6BEEA8A09A894" box="[501,545,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods relatively long, elongate, almost parallel. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F11622ABEE58D72A96B" box="[1289,1370,1255,1280]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–39" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,203,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-127@41.[151,1436,193,1733]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 34–39. Tychius alpinus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 34—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 35—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 36—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 37—antenna; 38—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 39—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927741/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167CEBF098932A94F" box="[237,282,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of equal length. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F1165BDBF098ADCA94F" box="[670,756,1291,1316]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–39" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,203,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-127@41.[151,1436,193,1733]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 34–39. Tychius alpinus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 34—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 35—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 36—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 37—antenna; 38—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 39—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927741/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
): stipes with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116481BF0E8BE6A948" box="[930,974,1292,1315]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">stps</emphasis>
|
||
; and with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11637DBF098C57A94F" box="[1118,1151,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; mala with 5 slightly curved
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1166B6BF2D89EAA923" box="[405,450,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 4
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1165D9BF328B0EA92C" box="[762,806,1328,1351]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, moderately long and almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:1.25, basal palpomera with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116343BF568CB2A900" box="[1120,1178,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F116442BF758B9EA9FB" box="[865,950,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–39" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,203,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-127@41.[151,1436,193,1733]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 34–39. Tychius alpinus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 34—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 35—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 36—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 37—antenna; 38—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 39—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927741/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) triangular, with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1163BBBF7A8CF8A9E4" box="[1176,1232,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; margin of ligula slightly rounded; ligula with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1166D2BF998A26A9DF" box="[497,526,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lig</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite distinct. Postmentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F1164CBBF998C11A9DF" box="[1000,1081,1435,1460]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–39" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[179,1410,203,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-127@41.[151,1436,193,1733]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 34–39. Tychius alpinus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 34—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 35—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 36—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 37—antenna; 38—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 39—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927741" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927741/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
) with
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1163A2BF9E8C86A9D8" box="[1153,1198,1436,1459]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167E4BFC28A98AA4B" blockId="9.[151,1437,623,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3111F11655EBFBD8B2EA9BC" box="[637,774,1471,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3111F116460BFBD8BB6A9B3" box="[835,926,1471,1496]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), elongate. Abdominal segments I–V almost equal in length, slightly larger than abdominal segments (VI), VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F1164A0BFE18BFFA997" box="[899,983,1507,1532]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–43" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionTargetBox="[166,1416,200,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-87@42.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 40–43. Tychius alpinus mature larva habitus: 40—lateral view, 41—lateral view of thoracic segments, 42—lateral view of abdominal segments I–II., 43—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927743/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiracles on abdomen in anteromedian parts of segments (abdominal segments I–VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167E4BC298C38AB54" blockId="9.[151,1437,623,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Chaetotaxy of body developed. Setae moderately long or short and light yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116379BC298C92AA2F" bold="true" box="[1114,1210,1579,1604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F116262BC298DBBAA2F" box="[1345,1427,1579,1604]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–43" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionTargetBox="[166,1416,200,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-87@42.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 40–43. Tychius alpinus mature larva habitus: 40—lateral view, 41—lateral view of thoracic segments, 42—lateral view of abdominal segments I–II., 43—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927743/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 7
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167C7BC528923AA0C" box="[228,267,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">prn</emphasis>
|
||
, 4 macro- and 3 microsetae; 2 moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11643CBC528B10AA0C" box="[799,824,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ps</emphasis>
|
||
of same length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116325BC528C03AA0C" box="[1030,1067,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F116261BC4D8DBBAA03" box="[1346,1427,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–43" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionTargetBox="[166,1416,200,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-87@42.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 40–43. Tychius alpinus mature larva habitus: 40—lateral view, 41—lateral view of thoracic segments, 42—lateral view of abdominal segments I–II., 43—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927743/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167CBBC768924AAE0" box="[232,268,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116611BC718971AAE7" box="[306,345,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; alar area with 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116458BC768BBCAAE0" box="[891,916,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">as</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116316BC768C63AAE0" box="[1077,1099,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116351BC768CBFAAE0" box="[1138,1175,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11639DBC768CFFAAE0" box="[1214,1239,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11624CBC768DBCAAE0" box="[1391,1428,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 3–5
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1164ABBC958B9AAADB" box="[904,946,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pda</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length (long, moderately long, short).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167C9BCB9894EAABF" bold="true" box="[234,358,1723,1748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F11659EBCB98B3BAABF" box="[701,787,1723,1748]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–43" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionTargetBox="[166,1416,200,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-87@42.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 40–43. Tychius alpinus mature larva habitus: 40—lateral view, 41—lateral view of thoracic segments, 42—lateral view of abdominal segments I–II., 43—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927743/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116458BCBE8BB7AAB8" box="[891,927,1724,1747]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1164E9BCB98BD9AABF" box="[970,1009,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1163DABCBE8D27AAB8" box="[1273,1295,1724,1747]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ss</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116625BCE28903AA9C" box="[262,299,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">eps</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11650CBCE28A60AA9C" box="[559,584,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116552BCDD8ABEAA93" box="[625,662,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116417BCE28B71AA9C" box="[820,857,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F1163B8BCDD8CC7AA93" box="[1179,1263,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–43" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionTargetBox="[166,1416,200,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-87@42.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 40–43. Tychius alpinus mature larva habitus: 40—lateral view, 41—lateral view of thoracic segments, 42—lateral view of abdominal segments I–II., 43—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927743/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116277BCDD8D53AA93" box="[1364,1403,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116644BD068955AB70" box="[359,381,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116683BD0689EDAB70" box="[416,453,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">eps</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116599BD068AFBAB70" box="[698,723,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1165D5BD018B33AB77" box="[758,795,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11648FBD068BF9AB70" box="[940,977,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F1163D6BD018D6EAB77" box="[1269,1350,1795,1820]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–43" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionTargetBox="[166,1416,200,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-87@42.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 40–43. Tychius alpinus mature larva habitus: 40—lateral view, 41—lateral view of thoracic segments, 42—lateral view of abdominal segments I–II., 43—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927743/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167B4BD258898AB2B" box="[151,176,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167F7BD2A88C5AB54" box="[212,237,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11661CBD2A8974AB54" box="[319,348,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sts</emphasis>
|
||
. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F116430BD258B4CAB2B" box="[787,868,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–43" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1541,1564]" captionTargetBox="[166,1416,200,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-87@42.[151,1436,193,1520]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 40–43. Tychius alpinus mature larva habitus: 40—lateral view, 41—lateral view of thoracic segments, 42—lateral view of abdominal segments I–II., 43—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927743/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
) without setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167E4BD498AD2AB0F" blockId="9.[151,1437,623,2036]" box="[199,762,1867,1892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F1167E4BD498992AB0F" bold="true" box="[199,442,1867,1892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description of pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
COLORATION. Body yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1167E4BD728DAAABC7" blockId="9.[151,1437,623,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
MORPHOLOGY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F11665ABD6D8A2CABE3" box="[377,516,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–46" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1805,1828]" captionTargetBox="[228,1339,222,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-58@43.[181,1391,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 44–46. Tychius alpinus pupa habitus: 44—ventral view, 45—dorsal view, 46—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927747/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 44–46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3111F116584BD6D8B19ABEC" box="[679,817,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; widest part 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3111F1164D1BD6D8C6EABEC" box="[1010,1094,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3111F1163A2BD6D8CF2ABE3" box="[1153,1242,1903,1928]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body elongate. Rostrum long, approximately 6 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.8 times as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3111F1267E4BDB58B0EAD76" blockId="9.[151,1437,623,2036]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
CHAETOTAXY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3111F116650BDB589D6ABBB" box="[371,510,1975,2000]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–46" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1805,1828]" captionTargetBox="[228,1339,222,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-58@43.[181,1391,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 44–46. Tychius alpinus pupa habitus: 44—ventral view, 45—dorsal view, 46—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927747/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 44–46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae distinct, moderately long, unequal in length, light brown; on pronotum and head placed on conical protuberances. Head capsule including 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F11644FBDDE8BABAB98" box="[876,899,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116485BDDE8B97AB98" box="[934,959,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">os</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116332BDDE8C10AB98" box="[1041,1080,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostrum without setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3111F116273BDDE8D44AB98" box="[1360,1388,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vs</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F1267B4BA9B8898ACDB" box="[151,176,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">os</emphasis>
|
||
as long as setae on pronotum, distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F1265D4BA9B8B36ACDB" box="[759,798,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F1264CFBA9B8C2DACDB" box="[1004,1029,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">as</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F126304BA958C12ACDB" box="[1063,1082,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F12637FBA958C5DACDB" box="[1116,1141,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F1263E6BA958CCEACDB" box="[1221,1254,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pls</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F1263D7BA958D25ACDB" box="[1268,1293,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ds</emphasis>
|
||
smaller than other setae on pronotum. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with 1 seta. Each apex of femora without seta. Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed medially and laterally; all abdominal setae located on small, conical protuberances. Pseudocerci slender, slightly curved inside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3121F1267E4BB2589F8ADC6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F1267E4BB2589CBAD2B" bold="true" box="[199,483,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Biological observations.</emphasis>
|
||
15 % of collected pods were infested by larvae. Also the adults were not numerous on the flowering plants and some of them were collected at the base of the stems. Pupation was observed 10 days after the entrance of the larvae into the soil. Duration of the pupal stage was 10 days. Adults emerged from the pupal cells after a few days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3121F1267E4BBB58DAEAEC3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3121F1267E4BBB58DAEAEC3" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F1267E4BBB58913ADBB" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of this species appear closely related to adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3121F1264E1BBBB8C1EADBB" authorityName="Tournier" authorityYear="1874" box="[962,1078,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brisouti">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F1264E1BBBB8C1EADBB" box="[962,1078,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. brisouti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below) and both belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3121F12679CBBDF891DAD9F" authorityName="J.Faust" authorityYear="1889" box="[191,309,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intrusus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F12679CBBDF891DAD9F" box="[191,309,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. intrusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group which is composed of about 35 species mostly living on Galegeae. However the differences in immatures of these two species are noteworthy (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3121F1265CBBBFD8B14AE73" box="[744,828,511,536]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and Discussion).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3121F12632BBBFD8C9FAE73" authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1926" box="[1032,1207,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F12632BBBFD8C9FAE73" box="[1032,1207,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tychius alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is monophagous on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3121F1267B4B82689FBAE56" box="[151,467,548,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monspessulanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3121F1267B4B82689FBAE56" box="[151,467,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Astragalus monspessulanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and with a narrow area of distribution which include southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3121F1263F8B8268D02AE50" box="[1243,1322,548,571]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3121F1267B4B8458935AE0B" box="[151,285,583,608]" name="Switzerland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and north-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3121F126523B8458A1DAE0B" box="[512,565,583,608]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It is considered a rare species and collected in small numbers, usually by netting. However this method is partly unsuccessful due to the fact that the host plant has short and repent stems. Many specimens can be collected by shaking each plant directly into the net or by sifting the soil near the plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |