912 lines
126 KiB
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912 lines
126 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="57B854714B307D8B560C4DAEC42EEDFD">A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BBA94C0E1E9688DAA924321CC788EE25">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="A61787B7DC7FFFAAFF33FF5EFBBCFEF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166243" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119512823" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6166243" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A61787B7DC7FFFAAFF33FF5EFBBCFEF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A61787B7DC7FFFAAFF33FF5EFBBCFEF4" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC7FFFA0FF33FF5EFEB2FEF0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FF5EFD19FF59" blockId="22.[151,673,151,210]" box="[151,673,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="754981CDDC7FFFA0FF33FF5EFD19FF59" bold="true" box="[151,673,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FF5EFD19FF59" authority="Bowerbank, 1866" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,673,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
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<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FF5EFD19FF59" bold="true" box="[151,673,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FF5EFE14FF59" bold="true" box="[151,428,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra compressa</emphasis>
|
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE1FFF5EFD21FF59" author="Bowerbank" box="[443,665,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 2. Ray Society, London, i - xx, 1 - 388 pp." type="book chapter" year="1866">Bowerbank, 1866</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FF73FE27FF3A" blockId="22.[151,673,151,210]" box="[151,415,186,210]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
(
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<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC7FFFA0FF3AFF73FE80FF3A" box="[158,312,186,210]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 11" captionStart-1="FIGURE 12" captionStart-2="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="23.[151,250,1817,1840]" captionStartId-1="24.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionStartId-2="25.[151,250,2006,2029]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1422,337,1775]" captionTargetBox-1="[213,1381,193,1910]" captionTargetBox-2="[242,1329,226,1975]" captionTargetId-0="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1796]" captionTargetId-1="figure@24.[213,1382,193,1911]" captionTargetId-2="figure@25.[242,1344,187,1991]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionTargetPageId-2="25" captionText-0="FIGURE 11. Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866). A. Whole specimen from western Norway, oscule side [ZMBN 77932]; B. Thick section showing cortex and choanosome. os: oscule. Scale: 4 mm. [ZMBN 77932]; C. Whole specimens from Cape Verde, pore side [ZMAPOR 7290]; D. Whole specimen from Røst Reef, northern Norway, pore side. Scale: 3 cm [ZMBN 85246]. E. Orange specimens from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm; F. White and orange specimen from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 12. Spicules of Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866) [ZMBN 77932]. A. Oxea I; B; Style. Mx: microxea; C. Short-shafted triaene; D. Microxea and detail; E. Plesiasters (with spirasters, for the lower one); F. Spiraster (upper one) to metaster (lower one)." captionText-2="FIGURE 13. Geographical distribution of Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/280601/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/280602/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/280603/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 11–13</figureCitation>
|
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,
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||
<tableCitation id="633C031ADC7FFFA0FEE7FF73FE2FFF3A" box="[323,407,186,210]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="27.[125,213,495,519]" captionTargetBox="[141,1892,591,1727]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 4. Depth, shape / color, and individual spicule dimensions (in µm) for specimens of Poecillastra compressa (and its synonyms) and Poecillastra schulzei. Means are bold; other values are ranges; n = 30 unless stated otherwise between parentheses. - = not referred." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AC16629DC72FFADFFD9FE26FB1EFDCE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="7AC16629DC72FFADFFD9FE26FB1EFDCE">Table 4</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FECAFEB2FEF0" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,266,259,280]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Synonymy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC7FFFA0FF33FEEBFE3AFBBC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FEEBFB92FEDF" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,1066,289,311]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FEEBFD8AFEDF" authority="Bowerbank, 1866" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,562,289,311]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
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<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FEEBFECDFEDF" box="[151,373,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecionemia compressa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FEDFFEE8FD8AFEDF" author="Bowerbank" box="[379,562,289,311]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 2. Ray Society, London, i - xx, 1 - 388 pp." type="book chapter" year="1866">Bowerbank, 1866</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD98FEE8FD54FEDF" author="Bowerbank" box="[572,748,289,311]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 2. Ray Society, London, i - xx, 1 - 388 pp." type="book chapter" year="1866">Bowerbank 1866</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 55;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FC93FEE8FC5FFEDF" author="Bowerbank" box="[823,999,289,311]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1874) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 3. Ray Society, London, i - xvii, 1 - 367, pls I - XCII pp." type="book chapter" year="1874">Bowerbank 1874</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 19.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FE89FEF5FE9C" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FE89FE31FEBE" box="[151,393,320,342]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
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<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FE89FE31FEBE" box="[151,393,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pachastrella compressa</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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: von
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE66FE89FD3BFEBE" author="Lendenfeld" box="[450,643,320,342]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1903) Porifera. Tetraxonia. In: Schulze, F. E. (Ed.) Das Tierreich., Friedlander: Berlin, pp. vi - xv, 1 - 168." type="book chapter" year="1903" yearSuffix="p">Lendenfeld 1903 p</bibRefCitation>
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. 76;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD10FE89FC92FEBD" author="Babic" box="[692,810,320,342]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Babic, K. (1922) Monactinellida und Tetractinellida des Adriatischen Meeres. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 46, 217 - 302, pls 8 - 9." type="journal article" year="1922">Babiç 1922</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 284;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FC25FE88FBE0FEBE" author="Russ" box="[897,1112,320,342]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Russ, K. & Rutzler, K. (1959) Zur Kenntnis der Schwammfauna unterseeischer Hohlen. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 30, 756 - 787, pls XII - XIII." type="journal article" year="1959">Russ & Rützler 1959</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 759;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FB0BFE89FAAFFEBE" author="Sara" box="[1199,1303,320,342]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Sara, M. (1964) Poriferi di acque superficiali (0 - 3 m.) del litorale italiano. Annali del Pontificio Istituto Scienze e Lettere S. Chiara, XIV, 299 - 317." type="book chapter" year="1964">Sarà 1964</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 304;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FAC9FE89FF44FE9C" author="Levi" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Levi, C. (1967) Spongiaires d'Afrique du Sud. (3) Tetractinellides. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 37, 227 - 256, pls XVII - XIX." type="journal article" year="1967">Lévi 1967</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 244.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FEB4FC6CFDA2" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FEB4FD81FE7B" authority="Sollas, 1888" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,569,381,403]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
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<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FEB4FE31FE7B" box="[151,393,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra compressa</emphasis>
|
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE38FEB4FD81FE7B" author="Sollas" box="[412,569,381,403]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1888" yearSuffix="p">Sollas, 1888 p</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. 98;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDD0FEB7FCB7FE7A" author="Topsent" box="[628,783,381,403]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Topsent, E. (1890 a) Eponges de la Manche. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, III, 195 - 205." type="book chapter" year="1890" yearSuffix="a">Topsent 1890a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 203;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FCD2FEB7FBBEFE7A" author="Topsent" box="[886,1030,381,403]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Topsent, E. (1894) Etude monographique des spongiaires de France I. Tetractinellida. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 3, 259 - 400, pls. XI - XVI." type="journal article" year="1894">Topsent 1894</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 384;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FBC8FEB7FB44FE7A" author="Topsent" box="[1132,1276,381,403]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 25, 1 - 280, pls 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1904">Topsent 1904</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 89; Ferrer-
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FF63FE52FEC9FE59" author="Hernandez" box="[199,369,411,433]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Ferrer-Hernandez, F. (1912) Notas sobre las esponjas de Santander. Boletin de la Real Sociedad espanola de Historia Natural, 12, 573 - 588." type="journal article" year="1912">Hernández 1912</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 586;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE6FFE54FDDAFE59" author="Topsent" box="[459,610,412,434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Topsent, E. (1913 a) Spongiaires de l'Expedition Antarctique Nationale Ecossaise. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 49, 579 - 643, pls I - VI." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Topsent 1913a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 12;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD0BFE52FCFEFE59" author="Stephens" box="[687,838,411,433]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Stephens, J. (1915) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. I. - The Triaxonia and part of the Tetraxonida. Fisheries, Ireland Scientific Investigations, 1914, 1 - 43, pls I - V." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephens 1915</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 14;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FC37FE54FBA7FE59" author="Topsent" box="[915,1055,412,434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert l er de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1 - 376, pls I - XI." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
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, p. 131;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FBDDFE54FB44FE59" author="Burton" box="[1145,1276,412,434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Burton, M. (1930) Norwegian sponges from the Norman collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1930, 487 - 546, pls I - II." type="proceedings paper" year="1930">Burton 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
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, p. 487;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FAF1FE54FF44FE38" author="Burton" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Burton, M. (1931) Report on the sponges collected by Mr. Soot-Ryen in the Folden Fjord in the year 1923. Tromso Museums skrifter, 1, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1931">Burton 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE9EFE72FE04FE38" author="Burton" box="[314,444,443,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. In: Discovery Reports, Vol. VI. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 237 - 392, pls XLVIII - LVI." type="book chapter" year="1932">Burton 1932</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 263;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDB7FE73FD50FE38" author="Levi" box="[531,744,442,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Levi, C. & Vacelet, J. (1958) Eponges recoltees dans l'Atlantique Oriental par le " President Theodore Tissier " (1955 - 1956). Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches maritimes, 22, 225 - 246." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi & Vacelet 1958</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 229;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FCE4FE72FC76FE38" author="Burton" box="[832,974,442,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Burton, M. (1959 b) Spongia. In: Fridriksson, A. & Tuxen, S. L. (Eds.) The Zoology of Iceland. Ejnar Munksgaard, Copenhagen & Reykjavik, pp. 1 - 71." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="b">Burton 1959b</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 8;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FBA8FE73FAC6FE38" author="Burdon-Jones" box="[1036,1406,442,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Burdon-Jones, C. & Tambs-Lyche, H. (1960) Observations on the fauna of the North Brattholmen stone-coral reef near Bergen. Arbok for Universitetet i Bergen, Mat. - Naturv. Serie, 4, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1960">Burdon-Jones & Tambs-Lyche 1960</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FF45FE10FEDFFE07" author="Vacelet" box="[225,359,473,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Vacelet, J. (1961) Spongiaires (Demosponges) de la region de Bonifacio (Corse). Recueil des Travaux de la Station marine d'Endoume, 22, 21 - 45." type="journal article" year="1961">Vacelet 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 23;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE16FE10FD81FE07" author="Vacelet" box="[434,569,473,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Vacelet, J. (1969) Eponges de la Roche du Large et de l'etage bathyal de Mediterranee (Recoltes de la soucoupe plongeante Cousteau et dragages). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (A, Zoologie), 59, 145 - 219, pls I - IV." type="journal article" year="1969">Vacelet 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 167;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD34FE10FD41FE07" author="Uriz" box="[656,761,473,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Uriz, M. J. (1981) Estudio sistematico de las esponjas Astrophorida (Demospongia) de los fondos de pesca de Arrastre, entre Tossa y Calella (Cataluna). Boletin (Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia), 6, 8 - 58." type="journal article" year="1981">Uriz 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 45;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FCE0FE10FBA9FE07" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[836,1041,473,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1983) A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 84, 445 - 621." type="journal article" year="1983">Pulitzer-Finali 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 471;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FBCDFE10FB43FE07" author="Pansini" box="[1129,1275,473,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Pansini, M. (1987 a) Littoral Demosponges from the banks of the Strait of Sicily and the Alboran Sea. In: Vacelet, J. & Boury- Esnault, N. (Eds.) Taxonomy of Porifera: from the N. E. Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. NATO ASI series, pp. 149 - 186." type="book chapter" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Pansini 1987a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 157;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FAF6FE10FEB0FDE6" author="Pansini" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Pansini, M. (1987 b) Report on a collection of Demospongiae from soft bottoms of the Eastern Adriatic Sea. Publications of the Sherkin Island Marine Station, 1, 41 - 43." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">Pansini 1987b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 43;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FEF5FE31FD81FDE5" author="Pansini" box="[337,569,504,526]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Pansini, M. & Musso, B. (1991) Sponges from Trawl-Exploitable Bottoms of Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas: Distribution and Ecology. Marine Ecology, 12, 317 - 329." type="journal article" year="1991">Pansini & Musso 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="633C031ADC7FFFA0FDE7FE31FD28FDE5" box="[579,656,504,526]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[125,202,489,510]" captionText="TABLE 2. Individual spicule dimensions for specimens of Characella pachastrelloides and Characella tripodaria (in µm) with dimensions of the specimens. Means are in bold; other values are ranges;" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD3FFE31FCF1FDE5" author="Maldonado" box="[667,841,504,526]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Maldonado, M. (1992) Demosponges of the red coral bottoms from the Alboran Sea. Journal of Natural History, 26, 1131 - 1161." type="journal article" year="1992">Maldonado 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 1133;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FC0EFE31FB08FDE5" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[938,1200,504,526]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Pansini, M. & Uriz, M. J. (1994) Spongiaires bathyaux de la mer d'Alboran et du golfe ibero-marocain. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 160, 1 - 174." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FBE7FE30FBC8FDE6" box="[1091,1136,504,526]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 47;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FB5DFE31FF44FDC4" author="Chombard" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Chombard, C., Boury-Esnault, N. & Tillier, S. (1998) Reassessment of homology of morphological characters in Tetractinellid sponges based on molecular data. Systematic Biology, 47, 351 - 366." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Chombard
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FACEFE30FA2EFDE6" box="[1386,1430,504,526]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 355;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FEF0FDDFFDBAFDC4" author="Maldonado" box="[340,514,534,556]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Maldonado, M. (2002) Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 141 - 162." type="book chapter" year="2002">Maldonado 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 154;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDFEFDDFFCB6FDC4" author="Voultsiadou" box="[602,782,534,556]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Voultsiadou, E. (2005) Sponge diversity in the Aegean Sea: Check list and new information. Italian Journal of Zoology, 72, 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005">Voultsiadou 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 57;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FCFDFDDEFBA8FDC4" author="Longo" box="[857,1040,534,557]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Longo, C., Mastrototaro, F. & Corriero, G. (2005) Sponge fauna associated with a Mediterranean deep-sea coral bank. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K., 85, 1341 - 1352." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Longo
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FC05FDD1FC76FDC5" box="[929,974,535,557]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 1343; van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FB3BFDDEFAF3FDC4" author="Soest" box="[1183,1355,535,557]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="van Soest, R. W. M., Cleary, D. F. R., de Kluijver, M. J., Lavaleye, M. S. S., Maier, C. & van Duyl, F. C. (2007) Sponge diversity and community composition in Irish bathyal coral reefs. Contributions to Zoology, 76, 121 - 142." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FB78FDD1FAB1FDC5" box="[1244,1289,535,557]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 129; Cárdenas
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FE8FFDFFFEE0FDA3" box="[299,344,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010,
|
||
<tableCitation id="633C031ADC7FFFA0FE00FDFCFE57FDA2" box="[420,495,565,587]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,1154,1178]" captionTargetBox="[160,1426,1391,1997]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Locality of collection, museum voucher numbers and Genbank accession numbers of sequences available of streptaster-bearing North-East Atlantic Astrophorida examined in this study. Table modified from Cárdenas et al. (2011, Table S 1). In bold, specimens collected on the Norwegian coast. Abbreviations: MNHN, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; ZMA, Zoölogisch Museum van de Universiteit van Amsterdam; ZMBN, Bergen Museum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AC16629DC6BFFB4FF33FB4BFB4AFB11" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="7AC16629DC6BFFB4FF33FB4BFB4AFB11">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE58FDFCFD75FDA2" author="Cardenas" box="[508,717,565,587]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Cardenas, P., Xavier, J. R., Reveillaud, J., Schander, C. & Rapp, H. T. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae p) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS ONE, 6, e 18318. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0018318." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Cárdenas
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FDC4FDFFFD34FDA3" box="[608,652,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Table S1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FC9AFDFFFC69FDA2" author="Bo" box="[830,977,565,587]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bo, M., Bertolino, M., Bavestrello, G., Canese, S., Giusti, M., Angiolillo, M., Pansini, M. & Taviani, M. (2012) Role of deep sponge grounds in the Mediterranean Sea: a case study in southern Italy. Hydrobiologia, 1 - 15. DOI: 10.1007 / s 10750 - 011 - 0964 - 1." type="book chapter" year="2012">
|
||
Bo
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FCC6FDFFFC2DFDA3" box="[866,917,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FD9DFC15FD81" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,941,595,618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF06FD9DFD04FD81" authority="Topsent, 1913" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1913" box="[162,700,595,618]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="compressa" subSpecies="parvistellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF06FD9DFDAEFD82" box="[162,534,596,618]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra compressa parvistellata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDB8FD9CFD04FD81" author="Topsent" box="[540,700,595,618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Topsent, E. (1913 b) Spongiaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de la ' Princesse Alice' dans les Mers du Nord (1898 - 1899 - 1906 - 1907). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 45, 1 - 67, pls I - V." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="b">Topsent, 1913b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD61FD9CFCE5FD81" author="Topsent" box="[709,861,595,618]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Topsent, E. (1913 b) Spongiaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de la ' Princesse Alice' dans les Mers du Nord (1898 - 1899 - 1906 - 1907). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 45, 1 - 67, pls I - V." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="b">Topsent 1913b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 611.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FDBAFCEDFD60" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,853,626,648]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF06FDBBFD34FD60" authority="Koltun, 1964" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1964" box="[162,652,626,648]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="compressa" subSpecies="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF06FDBBFE45FD60" box="[162,509,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra compressa antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDA7FDBBFD34FD60" author="Koltun" box="[515,652,626,648]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges (Porifera) collected in the Greenland seas and from the region to the north of the Spitzbergen and Franz Josef Land, from expeditions of the ' F. Litke' 1955, ' Obb' 1956 and ' Lena' 1957 and 1958. Scientific results of the high- latitudes Oceanographic Expeditions to the northern part of the Greenland Sea and adjacent areas of the Arctic basin between 1955 - 1958. Trudy Arkticheskogo i antarkticheskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta, 259, 143 - 166." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD32FDBBFCA0FD60" author="Koltun" box="[662,792,626,648]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1964) Sponges (Porifera) collected in the Greenland seas and from the region to the north of the Spitzbergen and Franz Josef Land, from expeditions of the ' F. Litke' 1955, ' Obb' 1956 and ' Lena' 1957 and 1958. Scientific results of the high- latitudes Oceanographic Expeditions to the northern part of the Greenland Sea and adjacent areas of the Arctic basin between 1955 - 1958. Trudy Arkticheskogo i antarkticheskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta, 259, 143 - 166." type="journal article" year="1964">Koltun 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p.18.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FD58FCEDFD4F" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,853,657,679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FD58FD3DFD4F" authority="Koltun, 1966" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,645,657,679]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="compressa" subSpecies="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FD58FE4EFD4F" box="[151,502,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra compressa compressa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE58FD58FD3DFD4F" author="Koltun" box="[508,645,657,679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1966) Four-rayed sponges of Northern and Far Eastern seas of the USSR (order Tetraxonida). Opredeliti Faunei SSSR 90. (Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR: Moscow, Leningrad), 1 - 112, pls I - XXXVIII." type="book chapter" year="1966">Koltun, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD2BFD58FCA9FD4F" author="Koltun" box="[655,785,657,679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1966) Four-rayed sponges of Northern and Far Eastern seas of the USSR (order Tetraxonida). Opredeliti Faunei SSSR 90. (Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR: Moscow, Leningrad), 1 - 112, pls I - XXXVIII." type="book chapter" year="1966">Koltun 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 32.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FD79FCD5FD2E" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,877,688,710]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FD79FEC5FD2E" box="[151,381,688,710]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecilastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FD79FEC5FD2E" box="[151,381,688,710]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecilastra compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(misspelling):
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDB2FD79FD79FD2D" author="Konnecker" box="[534,705,688,710]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Konnecker, G. (1973) Littoral and benthic investigations on the West coast of Ireland-I. (Section A: faunistics and ecological studies). The sponge fauna of Kilkieran Bay and adjacent areas. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 73, Section B, 451 - 472." type="proceedings paper" year="1973">Könnecker 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 455, Table II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FD06FC6EFD0C" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,982,718,741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FD06FDE1FD0C" authority="Bowerbank, 1874" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,601,718,741]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="placentula">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FD06FE24FD0D" box="[151,412,719,741]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hymeniacidon placentula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE06FD07FDE1FD0C" author="Bowerbank" box="[418,601,718,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1874) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 3. Ray Society, London, i - xvii, 1 - 367, pls I - XCII pp." type="book chapter" year="1874">Bowerbank, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDC7FD07FCABFD0C" author="Bowerbank" box="[611,787,718,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1874) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 3. Ray Society, London, i - xvii, 1 - 367, pls I - XCII pp." type="book chapter" year="1874">Bowerbank 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 185, 189, 353.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FD27FBB0FCEA" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,1032,749,771]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FD27FDBBFCEA" authority="Bowerbank, 1874" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,515,749,771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Normania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FD27FEFEFCEB" box="[151,326,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Normania crassa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FEE8FD24FDBBFCEA" author="Bowerbank" box="[332,515,749,771]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1874) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 3. Ray Society, London, i - xvii, 1 - 367, pls I - XCII pp." type="book chapter" year="1874">Bowerbank, 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDA9FD24FD06FCEA" author="Bowerbank" box="[525,702,749,771]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1874) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 3. Ray Society, London, i - xvii, 1 - 367, pls I - XCII pp." type="book chapter" year="1874">Bowerbank 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 258;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FCB1FD24FC7CFCEA" author="Bowerbank" box="[789,964,749,771]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. & Norman, A. M. (1882) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 4 (Supplement). London, i - xvii, 1 - 250, pls I - XVII pp." type="journal article" year="1882">Bowerbank 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 29.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FCC5FD16FCC9" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,686,779,802]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FCC5FE69FCC9" authority="Schmidt, 1868" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,465,779,802]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FCC5FE8CFCCA" box="[151,308,780,802]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Stelletta scabra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE9EFCC2FE69FCC9" author="Schmidt" box="[314,465,779,801]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Schmidt, O. (1868) Die Spongien der Kuste von Algier. Mit Nachtragen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, i - iv, 1 - 44, pls I - V. pp." type="book chapter" year="1868">Schmidt, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE7FFCC2FDD3FCC9" author="Schmidt" box="[475,619,779,801]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Schmidt, O. (1868) Die Spongien der Kuste von Algier. Mit Nachtragen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, i - iv, 1 - 44, pls I - V. pp." type="book chapter" year="1868">Schmidt 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 19.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FCE3FD90FCA8" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,552,810,832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FCE3FE5CFCA8" authority="Sollas 1888" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,484,810,832]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FCE3FEE6FCA8" box="[151,350,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra scabra</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FECFFCE3FE5CFCA8" author="Sollas" box="[363,484,810,832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1888">Sollas 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 99.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FC83FD50FCB7" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,744,841,863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF06FC83FDACFCB7" authority="Sollas, 1886" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1886" box="[162,532,841,863]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Normania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="crassiuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF06FC83FE35FCB7" box="[162,397,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Normania crassiuscula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE30FC80FDACFCB7" author="Sollas" box="[404,532,841,863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges Dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series), 5, 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">Sollas, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDBAFC80FD20FCB7" author="Sollas" box="[542,664,841,863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges Dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series), 5, 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">Sollas 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 185.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FCA1FCFAFC95" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,834,872,894]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF06FCA1FD91FC95" authority="Sollas 1888" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1888" box="[162,553,872,894]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="crassiuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF06FCA1FE1AFC96" box="[162,418,872,894]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra crassiuscula</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE14FCA1FD91FC95" author="Sollas" box="[432,553,872,894]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1888">Sollas 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, p. 83;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDD7FCA0FD47FC95" author="Topsent" box="[627,767,872,894]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution a l'etude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Terre-Neuve, Acores). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 2, 1 - 165, pls I - XI." type="journal article" year="1892">Topsent 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 37.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FC4EFC6FFC74" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,983,902,925]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF06FC4EFDACFC74" authority="Sollas, 1888" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1888" box="[162,532,902,925]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF06FC4EFE36FC75" box="[162,398,903,925]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra incrustans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE30FC4FFDACFC74" author="Sollas" box="[404,532,902,924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1888">Sollas, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDBAFC4FFD20FC74" author="Sollas" box="[542,664,902,924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1888">Sollas 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 105;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD4AFC4EFC3EFC74" author="Topsent" box="[750,902,902,924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Topsent, E. (1913 b) Spongiaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de la ' Princesse Alice' dans les Mers du Nord (1898 - 1899 - 1906 - 1907). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 45, 1 - 67, pls I - V." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="b">Topsent 1913b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 610.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FC6CFD48FC53" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,752,933,955]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FC6CFDBAFC52" authority="Vosmaer, 1894" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,514,933,955]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FC6CFEDAFC53" box="[151,354,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FECCFC6FFDBAFC52" author="Vosmaer" box="[360,514,933,955]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1894) Preliminary notes on some tetractinellids of the Bay of Naples. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 2, 269 - 286." type="journal article" year="1894">Vosmaer, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDA8FC6FFD18FC52" author="Vosmaer" box="[524,672,933,955]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1894) Preliminary notes on some tetractinellids of the Bay of Naples. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 2, 269 - 286." type="journal article" year="1894">Vosmaer 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 285.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FC0DFD4FFC31" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,759,963,986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FC0DFDB1FC31" authority="Vosmaer, 1894" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,521,964,986]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cumana">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FC0DFED1FC32" box="[151,361,964,986]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra cumana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FECBFC0CFDB1FC31" author="Vosmaer" box="[367,521,964,986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1894) Preliminary notes on some tetractinellids of the Bay of Naples. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 2, 269 - 286." type="journal article" year="1894">Vosmaer, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDB7FC0CFD1FFC31" author="Vosmaer" box="[531,679,964,986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1894) Preliminary notes on some tetractinellids of the Bay of Naples. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, 2, 269 - 286." type="journal article" year="1894">Vosmaer 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 286.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FC2BFC3AFC10" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,898,994,1016]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FC2BFEC9FC10" box="[151,369,994,1016]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FC2BFEC9FC10" box="[151,369,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pachastrella stylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE07FC2BFDE1FC10" author="Lendenfeld" box="[419,601,994,1016]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1897) Notes on Rockall Island and Bank-Reports. On the Spongida. Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, 31, 82 - 88." type="journal article" year="1897">Lendenfeld, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD2BFC2BFC86FC10" author="Lendenfeld" box="[655,830,994,1016]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1897) Notes on Rockall Island and Bank-Reports. On the Spongida. Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, 31, 82 - 88." type="journal article" year="1897">Lendenfeld 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 82.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FBC8FC14FBFF" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" box="[151,940,1025,1047]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33FBC8FE36FBFF" box="[151,398,1025,1047]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuipilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FBC8FE36FBFF" box="[151,398,1025,1047]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pachastrella tenuipilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE65FBC8FDCFFBFF" author="Lendenfeld" box="[449,631,1025,1047]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11, i - iv, 59 - 374, pls IX - XLVI." type="journal article" year="1907">Lendenfeld, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FD09FBC8FCE3FBFF" author="Lendenfeld" box="[685,859,1025,1047]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11, i - iv, 59 - 374, pls IX - XLVI." type="journal article" year="1907">Lendenfeld 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 234.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FBE8FE3AFBBC" blockId="22.[151,1437,259,1109]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF61FBE9FD30FBDE" authority="Bowerbank, 1866" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1866" box="[197,648,1056,1078]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF61FBE9FE0CFBDE" box="[197,436,1056,1078]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra compressa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FE60FBE9FDC7FBDE" author="Bowerbank" box="[452,639,1056,1078]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 2. Ray Society, London, i - xx, 1 - 388 pp." type="book chapter" year="1866">Bowerbank, 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Boury-Esnault & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FC24FBE8FBA9FBDD" author="Beveren" box="[896,1041,1056,1078]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. & van Beveren, M. (1982) Les Demosponges du plateau continental de Kerguelen-Heard. Comite national francais des recherches antarctiques, 52, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1982">Beveren 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 19 =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FBD5FBE9FEBAFBBD" authority="Sollas, 1888" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1888" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schulzei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FBD5FBE9FAFEFBDE" box="[1137,1350,1056,1078]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra schulzei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FAF2FBE9FF43FBBD" author="Sollas" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1888">Sollas, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC7FFFACFF33FB48FCA6FE45" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF33FB48FEFEFAA5" blockId="22.[151,1436,1153,2005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33FB48FEB8FB71" box="[151,256,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC7FFFA0FEADFB4BFEE2FB71" box="[265,346,1154,1177]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
77932, Steinneset, Langenuen, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FC8CFB4BFC3BFB72" box="[808,899,1154,1178]" name="Norway" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FC35FB48FC55FB71" box="[913,1005,1153,1177]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="59.883335">59º53'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FC5FFB48FBFEFB71" box="[1019,1094,1153,1177]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="5.05">05º3'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 175-
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FB22FB48FB7CFB71" box="[1158,1220,1153,1177]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
, triangular dredge;
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC7FFFA0FF33FB6FFF50FB55" box="[151,232,1190,1213]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
87919, Sognesjøen, north of Jutevikneset, Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FC90FB6FFC37FB56" box="[820,911,1190,1214]" name="Norway" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FC3FFB6CFBB7FB55" box="[923,1039,1189,1213]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="92" value="61.09667">61°05.8'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FBB8FB6CFBD2FB55" box="[1052,1130,1189,1213]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="5.0833335">5°05'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FBD2FB6CFB40FB55" box="[1142,1272,1189,1213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.415" metricValueMax="2.43" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="241.5" valueMax="243.0" valueMin="240.0">240–243 m</quantity>
|
||
, shrimp trawl;
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC7FFFA0FF33FB03FEA3FB09" box="[151,283,1226,1249]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">NTNU-VM</collectionCode>
|
||
54879, three specimens, Tømmerdalen, Trondheimsfjorden, western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FB2DFB03FB5CFB0A" box="[1161,1252,1226,1250]" name="Norway" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FB59FB00FA2FFB09" box="[1277,1431,1225,1249]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="63.613">63°36'46.8''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FF33FB24FE96FAED" box="[151,302,1261,1285]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="10.589">10°35'20.4''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FE9DFB24FE02FAED" box="[313,442,1261,1285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="200.0">200–250 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC7FFFA0FE61FB27FDAEFAED" box="[453,534,1262,1285]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
85246, Røst Reef, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FCF5FB27FC14FAEE" box="[849,940,1262,1286]" name="Norway" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FC13FB24FC47FAED" box="[951,1023,1261,1285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
|
||
, van Veen Grab;
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC7FFFA0FB1AFB27FAB7FAED" box="[1214,1295,1262,1285]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
85247, Røst Reef, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FEE6FADBFE25FAC2" box="[322,413,1298,1322]" name="Norway" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FE0EFAD8FD94FAC1" box="[426,556,1297,1321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.755" metricValueMax="2.9899999999999998" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="275.5" valueMax="299.0" valueMin="252.0">252–299 m</quantity>
|
||
, manned-submersible;
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC7FFFA0FC97FADBFC3CFAC1" box="[819,900,1298,1321]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
85248, Traenadjupet, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FB41FADBFAF8FAC2" box="[1253,1344,1298,1322]" name="Norway" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FAE9FAD8FA2FFAC1" box="[1357,1431,1297,1321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</quantity>
|
||
, large box corer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF63FA93FD81FA99" blockId="22.[151,1436,1153,2005]" box="[199,569,1369,1393]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF63FA93FD81FA99" box="[199,569,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Comparative material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF63FAB4FAC5FA35" blockId="22.[151,1436,1153,2005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF63FAB4FE76FA7D" box="[199,462,1405,1429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF63FAB4FE76FA7D" box="[199,462,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC7FFFA0FE78FAB7FD95FA7D" box="[476,557,1406,1429]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
86300, Rockall Bank,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FC8BFAB4FC71FA7D" box="[815,969,1405,1429]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="55.44461">55°26'40.6''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FC71FAB4FBDDFA7D" box="[981,1125,1405,1429]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="-16.07178">16°4'18.4''W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, field # BX173-B
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FA8FFAB4FF08FA51" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.005629" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="2005629.0">2005, 629 m</quantity>
|
||
; ZMAPOR 7290, Ilhéus do Rombo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FDEEFA68FD76FA51" box="[586,718,1441,1465]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FD7DFA68FC9BFA51" box="[729,803,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="580.0">580 m</quantity>
|
||
; ZMAPOR 6661, off Banc d'Arguin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FB61FA68FAFBFA51" box="[1221,1347,1441,1465]" name="Mauritania" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FAEAFA68FA2FFA51" box="[1358,1431,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
; ZMAPOR 4457, Grand Bassam,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FDAFFA0FFD2AFA35" box="[523,658,1477,1502]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
; MNHN-DCL682, slide,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FC0BFA0CFBF9FA35" box="[943,1089,1477,1501]" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FBE8FA0CFB04FA35" box="[1100,1212,1477,1501]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="92" value="-37.888332">37°53.3'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FB63FA0CFA9BFA35" box="[1223,1315,1477,1501]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="17.5">17°30'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="38B8FD28DC7FFFA0FA8BFA0CFAC5FA35" box="[1327,1405,1477,1501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FA8BFA0CFAC0FA35" box="[1327,1400,1477,1501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.09" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="309.0">309 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF63FA20FB9EF9A1" blockId="22.[151,1436,1153,2005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF63FA20FE09F9E9" box="[199,433,1513,1537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schulzei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF63FA20FE09F9E9" box="[199,433,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Poecillastra schulzei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MNHN-DNBE1055, slide made from
|
||
<typeStatus id="F1058803DC7FFFA0FCD5FA20FC6BF9E9" box="[881,979,1513,1537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
BMNH-1889:1:1:34,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FB69FA20FA93F9E9" box="[1229,1323,1513,1537]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="-52.066666">52°04’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC7FFFA0FA93FA20FA2FF9E9" box="[1335,1431,1513,1537]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="925" value="71.36667">71°22’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, near
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FF73F9C4FEC9F9CD" box="[215,369,1549,1573]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Heard Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
on the Kerguelen Plateau; MNHN-DNBE1280–1300, slides, originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FA23F9C7FEB6F9A1" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FA23F9C7FEB6F9A1" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Boury-Esnault & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC7FFFA0FDB0F9FBFD0DF9A1" author="Beveren" box="[532,693,1585,1609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. & van Beveren, M. (1982) Les Demosponges du plateau continental de Kerguelen-Heard. Comite national francais des recherches antarctiques, 52, 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1982">Beveren 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Kerguelen Islands,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FC04F9F8FB9AF9A1" box="[928,1058,1585,1609]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.435" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="1.72" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="243.5" valueMax="315.0" valueMin="172.0">
|
||
172–
|
||
<specimenCount id="38B8FD28DC7FFFA0FC7CF9F8FB9AF9A1" box="[984,1058,1585,1609]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">315 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA0FF63F99FFE6BF881" blockId="22.[151,1436,1153,2005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF63F99FFE2CF985" box="[199,404,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Outer morphology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC7FFFA0FE06F99FFE4BF985" box="[418,499,1622,1645]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
77932 is a massive fan-shaped fragment
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FC66F99CFC41F985" box="[962,1017,1621,1645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FBE0F99CFBC3F985" box="[1092,1147,1621,1645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FB4EF99CFA99F985" box="[1258,1313,1621,1645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC7FFFA0FACAF99CFF0AF979" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,337,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1796]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866). A. Whole specimen from western Norway, oscule side [ZMBN 77932]; B. Thick section showing cortex and choanosome. os: oscule. Scale: 4 mm. [ZMBN 77932]; C. Whole specimens from Cape Verde, pore side [ZMAPOR 7290]; D. Whole specimen from Røst Reef, northern Norway, pore side. Scale: 3 cm [ZMBN 85246]. E. Orange specimens from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm; F. White and orange specimen from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280601/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A). External color and choanosome of specimen alive and in ethanol was grayish. Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FB61F9B3FAA7F97A" box="[1221,1311,1658,1682]" name="Norway" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC7FFFA0FF3BF954FF55F95D" box="[159,237,1693,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,337,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1796]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866). A. Whole specimen from western Norway, oscule side [ZMBN 77932]; B. Thick section showing cortex and choanosome. os: oscule. Scale: 4 mm. [ZMBN 77932]; C. Whole specimens from Cape Verde, pore side [ZMAPOR 7290]; D. Whole specimen from Røst Reef, northern Norway, pore side. Scale: 3 cm [ZMBN 85246]. E. Orange specimens from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm; F. White and orange specimen from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280601/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
D) were white, whitish or yellowish, and either fan-shaped or massive encrusting on dead parts of the coral
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7FFFA0FF33F908FEEEF931" box="[151,342,1729,1753]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF33F908FEEEF931" box="[151,342,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimens are compressible. Surface is regular and slightly hispid, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC7FFFA0FB61F90BFAA7F932" box="[1221,1311,1730,1754]" name="Norway" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens were more hispid than the other specimens examined. There is no visible cortex. In
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC7FFFA0FB9FF92FFB34F915" box="[1083,1164,1766,1789]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
77932, uniporal oscules (
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FF3BF8C0FE92F8C9" box="[159,298,1801,1825]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with a conspicuous sphincter are found on the concave side of the plate and cribriporal pores on the other (each cribriporal area has a diameter of ca
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC7FFFA0FD0BF8E4FD4BF8AD" box="[687,755,1837,1861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC7FFFA0FC87F8E7FCCCF8AD" box="[803,884,1838,1861]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
85246, this arrangement is reversed: pores are on the concave side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC7FFFA0FEFBF898FE16F881" box="[351,430,1873,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,337,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1796]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866). A. Whole specimen from western Norway, oscule side [ZMBN 77932]; B. Thick section showing cortex and choanosome. os: oscule. Scale: 4 mm. [ZMBN 77932]; C. Whole specimens from Cape Verde, pore side [ZMAPOR 7290]; D. Whole specimen from Røst Reef, northern Norway, pore side. Scale: 3 cm [ZMBN 85246]. E. Orange specimens from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm; F. White and orange specimen from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280601/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7FFFA1FF63F8BCFC8CFEF4" blockId="22.[151,1436,1153,2005]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7FFFA0FF63F8BCFE9EF865" box="[199,294,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC7FFFA0FE9DF8BCFE35F865" box="[313,397,1909,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,337,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1796]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866). A. Whole specimen from western Norway, oscule side [ZMBN 77932]; B. Thick section showing cortex and choanosome. os: oscule. Scale: 4 mm. [ZMBN 77932]; C. Whole specimens from Cape Verde, pore side [ZMAPOR 7290]; D. Whole specimen from Røst Reef, northern Norway, pore side. Scale: 3 cm [ZMBN 85246]. E. Orange specimens from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm; F. White and orange specimen from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280601/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Very thin cortex (23–45 µm) that is barely visible to the naked eye: accumulation of spirasters/metasters reinforced by paratangential triaenes, oxeas and microxeas. The cortex is crossed by some oxeas I and II; they are responsible of the local hispidity. Ortho/dichotriaenes and deformed triaenes are present, more or less positioned radially with their cladomes tangential to the cortex. There are very few triaenes in the choanosome. Apart from bundles of oxeas mainly parallel to the surface, the arrangement of the spicules in the choanosome is confused. The position of microxeas is random. Streptasters are abundant and can be found in the whole choanosome. Oxeas II are absent in the choanosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AC16629DC7EFFA1FF33F8D0FAC6F842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280601/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[151,1422,337,1775]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC7EFFA1FF33F8D0FAC6F842" blockId="23.[151,1437,1817,1962]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7EFFA1FF33F8D0FE9AF8C7" bold="true" box="[151,290,1817,1840]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC7EFFA1FE88F8D3FD49F8D8" authority="Bowerbank, 1866" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1866" box="[300,753,1818,1840]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC7EFFA1FE88F8D3FDA4F8D8" box="[300,540,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Poecillastra compressa</emphasis>
|
||
(Bowerbank, 1866)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Whole specimen from western Norway, oscule side [ZMBN 77932]; B. Thick section showing cortex and choanosome. os: oscule. Scale: 4 mm. [ZMBN 77932]; C. Whole specimens from Cape Verde, pore side [ZMAPOR 7290]; D. Whole specimen from Røst Reef, northern Norway, pore side. Scale: 3 cm [ZMBN 85246]. E. Orange specimens from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm; F. White and orange specimen from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7AC16629DC71FFAEFF33F84DFEC8F830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280602/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[213,1381,193,1910]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC71FFAEFF33F84DFEC8F830" blockId="24.[151,1436,1924,2008]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC71FFAEFF33F84DFE98F871" bold="true" box="[151,288,1924,1947]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC71FFAEFE05F84DFCE5F872" authority="Bowerbank, 1866" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1866" box="[417,861,1924,1946]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC71FFAEFE05F84DFD37F872" box="[417,655,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Poecillastra compressa</emphasis>
|
||
(Bowerbank, 1866)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[ZMBN 77932]. A. Oxea I; B; Style. Mx: microxea; C. Short-shafted triaene; D. Microxea and detail; E. Plesiasters (with spirasters, for the lower one); F. Spiraster (upper one) to metaster (lower one).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7AC16629DC70FFAFFF33F81FFBB1F805" box="[151,1033,2006,2029]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280603/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[242,1329,226,1975]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC70FFAFFF33F81FFBB1F805" blockId="25.[151,1033,2006,2029]" box="[151,1033,2006,2029]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC70FFAFFF33F81FFEA7F804" bold="true" box="[151,287,2006,2029]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC70FFAFFDEFF81EFBBBF804" authority="Bowerbank, 1866" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1866" box="[587,1027,2006,2029]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC70FFAFFDEFF81EFC80F805" box="[587,824,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Poecillastra compressa</emphasis>
|
||
(Bowerbank, 1866)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC73FFACFF63FF51FCA6FE45" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFF63FF51FE9CFF58" box="[199,292,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC73FFACFE90FF5EFE3FFF47" box="[308,391,151,175]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">ZMBN</collectionCode>
|
||
77932) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC73FFACFE54FF5EFDFDFF47" box="[496,581,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[213,1381,193,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[213,1382,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Spicules of Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866) [ZMBN 77932]. A. Oxea I; B; Style. Mx: microxea; C. Short-shafted triaene; D. Microxea and detail; E. Plesiasters (with spirasters, for the lower one); F. Spiraster (upper one) to metaster (lower one)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280602/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). (a) oxeas I, stout, most are curved, sometimes modified to styles, length: 409-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFF6EFF75FEAFFF3C" box="[202,279,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">1068.4</emphasis>
|
||
-2256 µm; width: 7.0-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFDB2FF75FDFFFF3C" box="[534,583,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">17.4</emphasis>
|
||
-33.0 µm. (b) oxeas II, thin and pointy, bent or straight, length: more than 1200 µm; width: 2.5-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFE2EFF29FE15FF10" box="[394,429,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">2.7</emphasis>
|
||
-5.0 µm. (c) ortho- and dicho- short-shafted triaenes (= pseudocalthrops), often irregular with deformities such as additional clads, rhabdome length: 223-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFC21FECDFC7CFEF4" box="[901,964,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">297.3</emphasis>
|
||
-420 µm (N=16); rhabdome width: 16.0-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFF33FEE1FF70FEA8" box="[151,200,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">20.0</emphasis>
|
||
-25.0 µm (N=16); clad length: 146.0-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFDDDFEE1FD00FEA8" box="[633,696,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">221.8</emphasis>
|
||
-297.0 µm (N=16). (d) microxeas, in high numbers, microspiny, straight or bent, rarely centrotylote, length: 141-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFD40FE85FC9BFE8C" box="[740,803,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">184.2</emphasis>
|
||
-211 µm; width: 2.5-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFB81FE85FBF0FE8C" box="[1061,1096,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">4.5</emphasis>
|
||
-6.0 µm. (e) spiraster (most abundant) to metaster, microspiny actines, length: 11.5-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFCA8FEB9FC85FE60" box="[780,829,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">16.3</emphasis>
|
||
-23.0 µm; width: 9.0-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFB96FEB9FBDBFE60" box="[1074,1123,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">12.6</emphasis>
|
||
-21.0 µm. (f) plesiaster, 4-8 actines, microspiny actines, diameter: 22.0-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFDDAFE5DFD17FE44" box="[638,687,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">36.9</emphasis>
|
||
-51.0 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC73FFACFF63FE71FC4BFC97" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC73FFACFF63FE71FC69FD6C" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFF63FE71FEE8FE38" box="[199,336,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC73FFACFEC5FE7EFE0DFE27" box="[353,437,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="25.[151,250,2006,2029]" captionTargetBox="[242,1329,226,1975]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[242,1344,187,1991]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 13. Geographical distribution of Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280603/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). NEA:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFDB3FE7EFDD2FE27" box="[535,618,439,463]" name="Iceland" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFDDEFE7EFCA5FE27" author="Burton" box="[634,797,439,463]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Burton, M. (1959 b) Spongia. In: Fridriksson, A. & Tuxen, S. L. (Eds.) The Zoology of Iceland. Ejnar Munksgaard, Copenhagen & Reykjavik, pp. 1 - 71." type="book chapter" year="1959" yearSuffix="b">Burton 1959b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFC96FE71FC34FE38" box="[818,908,440,464]" name="Norway" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFC38FE7EFBF1FE27" author="Topsent" box="[924,1097,439,463]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1913 b) Spongiaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de la ' Princesse Alice' dans les Mers du Nord (1898 - 1899 - 1906 - 1907). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 45, 1 - 67, pls I - V." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="b">Topsent 1913b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFBF2FE71FB50FE27" author="Burton" box="[1110,1256,439,463]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Burton, M. (1930) Norwegian sponges from the Norman collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1930, 487 - 546, pls I - II." type="proceedings paper" year="1930">Burton 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB52FE7EFA89FE27" author="Burton" box="[1270,1329,439,463]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Burton, M. (1931) Report on the sponges collected by Mr. Soot-Ryen in the Folden Fjord in the year 1923. Tromso Museums skrifter, 1, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1931">1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Burdon-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFF33FE14FE5AFE1C" author="Jones" box="[151,482,476,500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Burdon-Jones, C. & Tambs-Lyche, H. (1960) Observations on the fauna of the North Brattholmen stone-coral reef near Bergen. Arbok for Universitetet i Bergen, Mat. - Naturv. Serie, 4, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1960">Jones & Tambs-Lyche 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFE5EFE15FDE4FE1C" box="[506,604,476,500]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Shetland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFD3FFE15FCB8FE1C" box="[667,768,476,500]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Hebrides</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFCCAFE15FB8FFE1C" author="Bowerbank" box="[878,1079,476,500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 2. Ray Society, London, i - xx, 1 - 388 pp." type="book chapter" year="1866">Bowerbank 1866</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFBECFE15FB3BFE1C" author="Bowerbank" box="[1096,1155,476,500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1874) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 3. Ray Society, London, i - xvii, 1 - 367, pls I - XCII pp." type="book chapter" year="1874">1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB6CFE15FA37FE1C" author="Lendenfeld" box="[1224,1423,476,500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11, i - iv, 59 - 374, pls IX - XLVI." type="journal article" year="1907">Lendenfeld 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Rockall bank (von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFECAFE36FD89FDFF" author="Lendenfeld" box="[366,561,511,535]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1897) Notes on Rockall Island and Bank-Reports. On the Spongida. Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, 31, 82 - 88." type="journal article" year="1897">Lendenfeld 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Porcupine Bank (van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFC9EFE36FC41FDFF" author="Soest" box="[826,1017,511,536]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="van Soest, R. W. M., Cleary, D. F. R., de Kluijver, M. J., Lavaleye, M. S. S., Maier, C. & van Duyl, F. C. (2007) Sponge diversity and community composition in Irish bathyal coral reefs. Contributions to Zoology, 76, 121 - 142." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFCDAFDC8FC0EFDF0" box="[894,950,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFBAAFE36FBE5FDFF" box="[1038,1117,511,535]" name="Ireland" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFBC8FE36FAADFDFF" author="Stephens" box="[1132,1301,511,535]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Stephens, J. (1915) Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. I. - The Triaxonia and part of the Tetraxonida. Fisheries, Ireland Scientific Investigations, 1914, 1 - 43, pls I - V." type="journal article" year="1915">Stephens 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFA85FE36FF6BFDD4" author="Konnecker" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Konnecker, G. (1973) Littoral and benthic investigations on the West coast of Ireland-I. (Section A: faunistics and ecological studies). The sponge fauna of Kilkieran Bay and adjacent areas. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 73, Section B, 451 - 472." type="proceedings paper" year="1973">Könnecker 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFF43FDECFE8BFDD4" box="[231,307,549,572]" name="France" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFEE4FDEDFE52FDD4" author="Topsent" box="[320,490,548,572]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1890 a) Eponges de la Manche. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, III, 195 - 205." type="book chapter" year="1890" yearSuffix="a">Topsent 1890a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFE5AFDEDFD86FDD4" box="[510,574,548,572]" name="Spain" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFDEFFDEDFCEFFDD4" author="Ferrer-Hernandez" box="[587,855,548,572]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Ferrer-Hernandez, F. (1912) Notas sobre las esponjas de Santander. Boletin de la Real Sociedad espanola de Historia Natural, 12, 573 - 588." type="journal article" year="1912">Ferrer-Hernández 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Ibero-Moroccan Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFBCDFDEDFA37FDD4" author="Boury-Esnault" box="[1129,1423,548,572]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Boury-Esnault, N., Pansini, M. & Uriz, M. J. (1994) Spongiaires bathyaux de la mer d'Alboran et du golfe ibero-marocain. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 160, 1 - 174." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Boury-Esnault
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFAB0FDECFAF5FDD4" box="[1300,1357,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Azores Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFEEBFD8EFE55FDB7" author="Topsent" box="[335,493,583,607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 25, 1 - 280, pls 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1904">Topsent 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFE5FFD81FD2FFDB7" author="Topsent" box="[507,663,583,607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert l er de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1 - 376, pls I - XI." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFD01FD8EFC2FFDB7" author="Levi" box="[677,919,583,607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Levi, C. & Vacelet, J. (1958) Eponges recoltees dans l'Atlantique Oriental par le " President Theodore Tissier " (1955 - 1956). Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches maritimes, 22, 225 - 246." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi & Vacelet 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Canary Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFBC2FD8EFABDFDB7" author="Topsent" box="[1126,1285,583,607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert l er de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1 - 376, pls I - XI." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFABFFD8EFA24FDB7" box="[1307,1436,583,607]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cape verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFF3BFDA5FE4FFD6C" author="Sollas" box="[159,503,620,644]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1888">
|
||
Sollas 1888, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFEF4FDA4FE4FFD6C" box="[336,503,620,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="crassiuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFEF4FDA4FE4FFD6C" box="[336,503,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. crassiuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFDABFDA5FD32FD6C" box="[527,650,620,644]" name="Mauritania" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFD65FDA4FCFCFD6C" box="[705,836,620,645]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
(this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC73FFACFF63FD46FC26FCFC" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Mediterranean Sea:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFE15FD46FE49FD4F" box="[433,497,655,679]" name="Spain" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFDA0FD46FD1DFD4F" author="Topsent" box="[516,677,655,679]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1894) Etude monographique des spongiaires de France I. Tetractinellida. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 3, 259 - 400, pls. XI - XVI." type="journal article" year="1894">Topsent 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFD11FD46FC96FD4F" author="Uriz" box="[693,814,655,679]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Uriz, M. J. (1981) Estudio sistematico de las esponjas Astrophorida (Demospongia) de los fondos de pesca de Arrastre, entre Tossa y Calella (Cataluna). Boletin (Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia), 6, 8 - 58." type="journal article" year="1981">Uriz 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Alboran Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFBB4FD46FB00FD4F" author="Pansini" box="[1040,1208,655,679]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Pansini, M. (1987 a) Littoral Demosponges from the banks of the Strait of Sicily and the Alboran Sea. In: Vacelet, J. & Boury- Esnault, N. (Eds.) Taxonomy of Porifera: from the N. E. Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. NATO ASI series, pp. 149 - 186." type="book chapter" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Pansini 1987a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB6CFD46FA37FD4F" author="Maldonado" box="[1224,1423,655,679]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Maldonado, M. (1992) Demosponges of the red coral bottoms from the Alboran Sea. Journal of Natural History, 26, 1131 - 1161." type="journal article" year="1992">Maldonado 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFF33FD7CFF5BFD24" box="[151,227,693,716]" name="France" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFF53FD7DFE2BFD24" author="Vacelet" box="[247,403,692,716]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Vacelet, J. (1969) Eponges de la Roche du Large et de l'etage bathyal de Mediterranee (Recoltes de la soucoupe plongeante Cousteau et dragages). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (A, Zoologie), 59, 145 - 219, pls I - IV." type="journal article" year="1969">Vacelet 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFE09FD7DFDBBFD24" box="[429,515,692,716]" name="France" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFDB2FD7DFD0BFD24" author="Vacelet" box="[534,691,692,716]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Vacelet, J. (1961) Spongiaires (Demosponges) de la region de Bonifacio (Corse). Recueil des Travaux de la Station marine d'Endoume, 22, 21 - 45." type="journal article" year="1961">Vacelet 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFD68FD7DFD47FD24" box="[716,767,692,716]" name="Italy" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFCB7FD7DFBACFD24" author="Russ" box="[787,1044,692,716]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Russ, K. & Rutzler, K. (1959) Zur Kenntnis der Schwammfauna unterseeischer Hohlen. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 30, 756 - 787, pls XII - XIII." type="journal article" year="1959">Russ & Rützler 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB81FD7DFB26FD24" author="Sara" box="[1061,1182,692,716]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Sara, M. (1964) Poriferi di acque superficiali (0 - 3 m.) del litorale italiano. Annali del Pontificio Istituto Scienze e Lettere S. Chiara, XIV, 299 - 317." type="book chapter" year="1964">Sarà 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB0BFD7DFA2FFD24" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[1199,1431,692,716]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1983) A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 84, 445 - 621." type="journal article" year="1983">Pulitzer-Finali 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFF33FD1EFE25FD07" author="Pansini" box="[151,413,727,751]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Pansini, M. & Musso, B. (1991) Sponges from Trawl-Exploitable Bottoms of Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas: Distribution and Ecology. Marine Ecology, 12, 317 - 329." type="journal article" year="1991">Pansini & Musso 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFE0EFD11FDC0FD07" author="Longo" box="[426,632,727,752]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Longo, C., Mastrototaro, F. & Corriero, G. (2005) Sponge fauna associated with a Mediterranean deep-sea coral bank. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U. K., 85, 1341 - 1352." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Longo
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFE5FFD10FD8CFD18" box="[507,564,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Adriatic Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFC8DFD1EFC17FD07" author="Babic" box="[809,943,727,751]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Babic, K. (1922) Monactinellida und Tetractinellida des Adriatischen Meeres. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 46, 217 - 302, pls 8 - 9." type="journal article" year="1922">Babiç 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFC18FD1EFBD8FD07" author="Pansini" box="[956,1120,727,751]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Pansini, M. (1987 b) Report on a collection of Demospongiae from soft bottoms of the Eastern Adriatic Sea. Publications of the Sherkin Island Marine Station, 1, 41 - 43." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">Pansini 1987b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bo
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFB31FD10FB76FD18" box="[1173,1230,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
in press); Aegean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFF69FD35FE20FCFC" author="Voultsiadou" box="[205,408,764,788]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Voultsiadou, E. (2005) Sponge diversity in the Aegean Sea: Check list and new information. Italian Journal of Zoology, 72, 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005">Voultsiadou 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFE08FD35FDB8FCFC" box="[428,512,764,788]" name="Algeria" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFDAAFD35FC36FCFC" author="Schmidt" box="[526,910,764,788]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Schmidt, O. (1868) Die Spongien der Kuste von Algier. Mit Nachtragen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, i - iv, 1 - 44, pls I - V. pp." type="book chapter" year="1868">
|
||
Schmidt, 1868, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFD44FD35FC36FCFC" box="[736,910,764,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="scabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFD44FD35FC36FCFC" box="[736,910,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Stelletta scabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC73FFACFF63FCD6FBBEFCB4" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
South Atlantic: Gough Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFD8CFCD6FAB7FCD0" author="Topsent" box="[552,1295,799,824]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1913 b) Spongiaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de la ' Princesse Alice' dans les Mers du Nord (1898 - 1899 - 1906 - 1907). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 45, 1 - 67, pls I - V." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Topsent 1913b, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFCA7FCE8FBF4FCD0" box="[771,1100,800,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="compressa" variety="parvistella">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFCA7FCE8FBF4FCD0" box="[771,1100,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. compressa var. parvistella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFBD9FCE8FAB7FCD0" box="[1149,1295,801,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFBD9FCE8FAB7FCD0" box="[1149,1295,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. incrustans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFA8DFCD6FF58FCB4" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFF4BFC8DFECEFCB4" author="Sollas" box="[239,374,836,860]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1888">Sollas 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFE04FC8CFD88FCB4" box="[416,560,837,860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFE04FC8CFD88FCB4" box="[416,560,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. incrustans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFD9BFC8CFD77FCB4" author="Burton" box="[575,719,836,860]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. In: Discovery Reports, Vol. VI. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 237 - 392, pls XLVIII - LVI." type="book chapter" year="1932">Burton 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFD47FC8DFCCBFCB4" box="[739,883,836,860]" name="South Africa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFC26FC8DFC41FCB4" author="Levi" box="[898,1017,836,860]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Levi, C. (1967) Spongiaires d'Afrique du Sud. (3) Tetractinellides. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 37, 227 - 256, pls XVII - XIX." type="journal article" year="1967">Lévi 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC73FFACFF63FCA1FC4BFC97" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1011,871,896]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFF63FCA1FEABFC68" box="[199,275,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Depth.</emphasis>
|
||
0 (in a cave, Gulf of Naples)–
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC73FFACFDC3FCAEFD04FC97" box="[615,700,871,895]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="1740.0">1740 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFD6EFCAEFCDEFC97" author="Topsent" box="[714,870,871,895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert l er de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1 - 376, pls I - XI." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFCD6FCAEFC5FFC97" author="Sara" box="[882,999,871,895]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Sara, M. (1964) Poriferi di acque superficiali (0 - 3 m.) del litorale italiano. Annali del Pontificio Istituto Scienze e Lettere S. Chiara, XIV, 299 - 317." type="book chapter" year="1964">Sára 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC73FFACFF63FC44FAF4F937" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC73FFACFF63FC44FC33F9C4" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFF63FC44FEF1FC4C" box="[199,329,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules of ZMBN 77932 are identical to those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F1058803DC73FFACFC13FC45FBA4FC4C" box="[951,1052,908,932]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB67FC45FA20FC4C" author="Maldonado" box="[1219,1432,908,932]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Maldonado, M. (2002) Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 141 - 162." type="book chapter" year="2002">Maldonado (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The occasional presence of styles in this species had already been noticed (von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB87FC66FB5EFC2F" author="Lendenfeld" box="[1059,1254,943,967]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1897) Notes on Rockall Island and Bank-Reports. On the Spongida. Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, 31, 82 - 88." type="journal article" year="1897">Lendenfeld 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB57FC79FA37FC2F" author="Topsent" box="[1267,1423,943,967]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert l er de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1 - 376, pls I - XI." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There is however, one important difference: the presence of a second category of oxeas in ZMBN 77932. These are not characteristic of the Norwegian population since we found similar ectosomal oxeas II in the specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFF33FBD5FEAAFBDC" box="[151,274,1052,1076]" name="Mauritania" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
(ZMAPOR 06661). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFD33FBD5FCD3FBDC" author="Maldonado" box="[663,875,1052,1076]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Maldonado, M. (2002) Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 141 - 162." type="book chapter" year="2002">Maldonado (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the main difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFB1AFBD4FA8CFBDC" box="[1214,1332,1052,1076]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schulzei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFB1AFBD4FA8CFBDC" box="[1214,1332,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. schulzei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the southern Indian Ocean and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFE6FFB88FDE6FBB0" box="[459,606,1089,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFE6FFB88FDE6FBB0" box="[459,606,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a second category of oxea in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFC62FB88FB84FBB0" box="[966,1084,1088,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schulzei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFC62FB88FB84FBB0" box="[966,1084,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. schulzei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: isodiametric ectosomal oxeas. Since we found those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFE09FBACFDF8FB94" box="[429,576,1125,1148]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFE09FBACFDF8FB94" box="[429,576,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFD21FBACFD58FB95" box="[645,736,1125,1149]" name="Norway" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this difference does not stand anymore. However, we suggest here a new difference to discriminate both species: when we examined spicule slides of
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFBDBFB40FB4AFB48" box="[1151,1266,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. s c h u l z e i</emphasis>
|
||
(including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F1058803DC73FFACFF33FB65FF45FB2C" box="[151,253,1196,1220]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), we noted that microxeas were often sharply bent or even toxa-like; this was never observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFA23FB64FEB6FB00" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFA23FB64FEB6FB00" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F1058803DC73FFACFE65FB19FD9BFB00" box="[449,547,1232,1256]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFDEDFB18FD03FB00" box="[585,699,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. s c h u l z e i</emphasis>
|
||
should be carefully reexamined for such new specific characters, as well as its possible synonyms from the Indo-Pacific:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFC8EFB3DFB6DFAE4" authority="Sollas, 1886" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1886" box="[810,1237,1268,1292]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laminaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFC8EFB3DFB91FAE4" box="[810,1065,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Poecillastra laminaris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB98FB3DFB75FAE4" author="Sollas" box="[1084,1229,1268,1292]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges Dredged by H. M. S. ' Challenger' 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series), 5, 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">Sollas, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFAB7FB3DFD57FAD8" authority="Dendy & Burton, 1926 (Maldonado 2002)" authorityName="Dendy & Burton, 1926 (Maldonado" authorityYear="2002" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eccentrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFAB7FB3DFEB4FAD8" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Poecillastra eccentrica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFEB6FAD1FDACFAD8" author="Dendy" box="[274,532,1304,1328]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Dendy, A. & Burton, M. (1926) Report on some deep-sea sponges from the Indian Museum collected by the R. I. M. S. ' Investigator'. Part I. Hexactinellida and Tetractinellida (pars). Records of the Indian Museum, 28, 225 - 248." type="journal article" year="1926">Dendy & Burton, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFD86FAD1FD5FFAD8" author="Maldonado" box="[546,743,1304,1328]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Maldonado, M. (2002) Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 141 - 162." type="book chapter" year="2002">Maldonado 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Oxeas II are easy to overlook because they are only found at the surface, and may be easily scraped off during collection. Molecular data suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFB39FAF5FAACFABC" box="[1181,1300,1340,1364]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Vulcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFB39FAF5FAACFABC" box="[1181,1300,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Vulcanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFA23FAF4FEB6FA90" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFA23FAF4FEB6FA90" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sister-groups (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFE44FAA9FD77FA90" author="Cardenas" box="[480,719,1376,1400]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Cardenas, P., Xavier, J. R., Reveillaud, J., Schander, C. & Rapp, H. T. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae p) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS ONE, 6, e 18318. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0018318." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Cárdenas
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFDF6FAA8FD34FA90" box="[594,652,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We can therefore argue that these oxeas II are homologous to the atrial oxeas of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFED7FA4DFE52FA74" box="[371,490,1412,1436]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Vulcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFED7FA4DFE52FA74" box="[371,490,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Vulcanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since they share a similar morphology and position. Indeed, these thin and long oxeas are often found around the oscule area of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFD15FA61FC82FA28" box="[689,826,1448,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFD15FA61FC82FA28" box="[689,826,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Poecillastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (e.i. on the fringe of the plate specimens); this is especially striking in young specimens which can have long fringes around a few oscules (Rockall Bank specimen), making them look like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFDB9FA39FC21F9E0" authority="Sollas, 1888" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1888" box="[541,921,1520,1544]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Vulcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFDB9FA39FD4AF9E0" box="[541,754,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Vulcanella gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFCA5FA39FC29F9E0" author="Sollas" box="[769,913,1520,1544]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1888">Sollas, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Following this, we can suggest that the atrial area of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFF4FF9DDFEDAF9C4" box="[235,354,1556,1580]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Vulcanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFF4FF9DDFEDAF9C4" box="[235,354,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Vulcanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is homologous to the oscule side of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFD5FF9DDFC3CF9C4" box="[763,900,1556,1580]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFD5FF9DDFC3CF9C4" box="[763,900,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Poecillastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC73FFACFF63F9FEFAF4F937" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The colors of the Norwegian specimens are whitish, grayish to light yellowish, but in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFB3AF9FEFAB8F9A7" box="[1182,1280,1591,1615]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC73FFACFAB5F9FEFAD9F9A7" box="[1297,1377,1591,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,337,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1796]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866). A. Whole specimen from western Norway, oscule side [ZMBN 77932]; B. Thick section showing cortex and choanosome. os: oscule. Scale: 4 mm. [ZMBN 77932]; C. Whole specimens from Cape Verde, pore side [ZMAPOR 7290]; D. Whole specimen from Røst Reef, northern Norway, pore side. Scale: 3 cm [ZMBN 85246]. E. Orange specimens from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm; F. White and orange specimen from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280601/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
E, F) and in some parts of the Mediterranean, yellow or orange specimens are common (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB9CF995FB6CF99C" author="Topsent" box="[1080,1236,1628,1652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1894) Etude monographique des spongiaires de France I. Tetractinellida. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 3, 259 - 400, pls. XI - XVI." type="journal article" year="1894">Topsent 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFB44F995FAECF99C" author="Uriz" box="[1248,1364,1628,1652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Uriz, M. J. (1981) Estudio sistematico de las esponjas Astrophorida (Demospongia) de los fondos de pesca de Arrastre, entre Tossa y Calella (Cataluna). Boletin (Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia), 6, 8 - 58." type="journal article" year="1981">Uriz 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFAFBF994FF43F97F" author="Bo" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Bo, M., Bertolino, M., Bavestrello, G., Canese, S., Giusti, M., Angiolillo, M., Pansini, M. & Taviani, M. (2012) Role of deep sponge grounds in the Mediterranean Sea: a case study in southern Italy. Hydrobiologia, 1 - 15. DOI: 10.1007 / s 10750 - 011 - 0964 - 1." type="book chapter" year="2012">
|
||
Bo
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFA2CF994FF0CF970" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This does not seem to be due to light since orange specimens were found deeper than
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC73FFACFAA2F9B6FAE8F97F" box="[1286,1360,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Mediterranean. Since white and orange
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFDC1F96CFD43F954" box="[613,763,1701,1724]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFDC1F96CFD43F954" box="[613,763,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were observed living next to each other (J. Vacelet, pers. comm.) and that bi-colored specimens exist (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC73FFACFD2BF90EFD66F937" box="[655,734,1735,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,337,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1796]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866). A. Whole specimen from western Norway, oscule side [ZMBN 77932]; B. Thick section showing cortex and choanosome. os: oscule. Scale: 4 mm. [ZMBN 77932]; C. Whole specimens from Cape Verde, pore side [ZMAPOR 7290]; D. Whole specimen from Røst Reef, northern Norway, pore side. Scale: 3 cm [ZMBN 85246]. E. Orange specimens from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm; F. White and orange specimen from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280601/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
F), they are in our opinion probably just color varieties.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC73FFAAFF63F924FBBCFEF4" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC73FFAAFF63F924FBBCFEF4" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFF63F924FEE4F8EC" box="[199,348,1773,1796]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFF63F924FEE4F8EC" box="[199,348,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFE05F924FD8CF8EC" box="[417,564,1772,1796]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="monilifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFE05F924FD8CF8EC" box="[417,564,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. monilifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been considered to be a single cosmopolitan species. It shares similar environments (hard-bottoms, deep-sea coral reefs and fjords), same depth ranges and a similar distribution in the Eastern Atlantic, but unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFE4BF8FCFD3EF8A4" box="[495,646,1844,1868]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="monilifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFE4BF8FCFD3EF8A4" box="[495,646,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. monilifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hardly any morphological variations were observed between the Norwegian and Mediterranean/southern specimens, by us or previous authors (
|
||
<tableCitation id="633C031ADC73FFACFBA6F89EFBE1F887" box="[1026,1113,1879,1903]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="27.[125,213,495,519]" captionTargetBox="[141,1892,591,1727]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 4. Depth, shape / color, and individual spicule dimensions (in µm) for specimens of Poecillastra compressa (and its synonyms) and Poecillastra schulzei. Means are bold; other values are ranges; n = 30 unless stated otherwise between parentheses. - = not referred." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AC16629DC72FFADFFD9FE26FB1EFDCE" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" tableUuid="7AC16629DC72FFADFFD9FE26FB1EFDCE">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFAAEF890FA24F898" box="[1290,1436,1881,1904]" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFAAEF890FA24F898" box="[1290,1436,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea and the Azores have identical spicules and vary only slightly in the relative sizes of these (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFE74F869FDC9F850" author="Topsent" box="[464,625,1952,1976]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert l er de Monaco. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1 - 376, pls I - XI." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC73FFACFD2CF869FC9AF850" author="Sollas" box="[648,802,1952,1976]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1888) Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873 - 1876. Zoology, 25, 1 - 458, pls I - XLIV, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1888">Sollas (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
could not see any difference of specific value with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC73FFACFA23F868FEA9F834" class="Demospongiae" family="Vulcanellidae" genus="Poecillastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC73FFACFA23F868FEA9F834" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">P. compressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a specimen from Queen Charlotte Islands (western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC73FFACFC2DF80DFC5DF834" box="[905,997,1988,2012]" name="Canada" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
). However, one noticeable difference concerned pore morphology. We observed like
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC75FFAAFD61FF51FCC7FF47" author="Topsent" box="[709,895,151,175]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Topsent, E. (1913 a) Spongiaires de l'Expedition Antarctique Nationale Ecossaise. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 49, 579 - 643, pls I - VI." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Topsent (1913a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that the mesh size of the cribriporal pores is smaller in the Norwegian specimens than in the specimens from the Azores,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC75FFAAFC56FF75FBCBFF3C" box="[1010,1139,188,212]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC75FFAAFB3DFF74FAA5FF3C" box="[1177,1309,188,213]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC75FFAAFA88FF75FAC1FF3C" box="[1324,1401,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,337,1775]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,337,1796]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866). A. Whole specimen from western Norway, oscule side [ZMBN 77932]; B. Thick section showing cortex and choanosome. os: oscule. Scale: 4 mm. [ZMBN 77932]; C. Whole specimens from Cape Verde, pore side [ZMAPOR 7290]; D. Whole specimen from Røst Reef, northern Norway, pore side. Scale: 3 cm [ZMBN 85246]. E. Orange specimens from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm; F. White and orange specimen from Solan Bank, northern Scotland, 80 m depth (© JNCC and Annika Clements). Scale: 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280601/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
C– D). Additional data is needed to confirm the taxonomical relevance of this character. As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC75FFAAFB0FFF28FA84FF10" box="[1195,1340,224,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="monilifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC75FFAAFB0FFF28FA84FF10" box="[1195,1340,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. monilifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genetic data is greatly needed to enlighten the status of this potential species complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |