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<document id="5DE644000B0B62754B405C82FFAD91E5" ID-CLB-Dataset="29515" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9453839-5f43-4081-a642-f7bb30caf894" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1437570" ID-ZooBank="05A08470-9473-4147-B54B-AB0C90173572" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538122078703" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramalho, Laís V., Taylor, Paul D., Moraes, Fernando Coreixas, Moura, Rodrigo, Amado-Filho, Gilberto M. &amp; Bastos, Alex C." docDate="2018" docId="6C3EF226FFB07918FF43FA06FD1FFA47" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4483.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4483 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plesiocleidochasma acuminata Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="F2179E22-C214-4A95-AC65-8A5824DB507D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="90078A5EFFA5790EFFD4FFCFFFB0FFDA" masterDocTitle="Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology" masterLastPageNumber="186" masterPageNumber="155" pageNumber="176" updateTime="1698555852733" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="44520A264AD80F931DD7D120B3B5389B">Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3FFD774EC071A2C11BCE6DCB89CDDB62">Ramalho, Laís V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BFB642A6AB1643C408C1A4D296812B3">Taylor, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7A6548D4709624633790C90A916DD96A">Moraes, Fernando Coreixas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="59CCD807193776455E728F5317AF43A8">Moura, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7BDF117EAB7F0DCECC243BE64A464E24">Amado-Filho, Gilberto M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="99172D56B2EA1EFFC542567585EBBE82">Bastos, Alex C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D15EE073293B3E1A1D5B0824C14F94A2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5CAF13D826AB715D1EF1B601CB2A3624">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="89BE79DF053640D8053A6D0E0D778CEE">2018-09-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4337458CFF58383AE9BD03FEA15487CE">4483</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6C3EF226FFB07918FF43FA06FD1FFA47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5952392" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148403531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5952392" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F2179E22-C214-4A95-AC65-8A5824DB507D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C3EF226FFB07918FF43FA06FD1FFA47" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFB0791BFF43FA06FEAEF9DE" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFB0791BFF43FA06FDE6FA39" blockId="21.[151,598,1481,1541]" box="[151,598,1481,1507]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<heading id="BF60F45CFFB0791BFF43FA06FDE6FA39" bold="true" box="[151,598,1481,1507]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFF43FA06FDE6FA39" bold="true" box="[151,598,1481,1507]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB0791BFF43FA06FDBCFA39" authority="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,524,1481,1507]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="acuminata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFF43FA06FDBCFA39" bold="true" box="[151,524,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Plesiocleidochasma acuminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFB0791BFDC7FA06FDE6FA39" box="[531,598,1481,1507]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E4284330FFB0791BFF43FA23FEAEF9DE" blockId="21.[151,598,1481,1541]" box="[151,286,1516,1541]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFF43FA23FF10F9DF" bold="true" box="[151,160,1516,1541]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">(</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFB0791BFF74FA23FEA6F9DE" box="[160,278,1516,1541]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,355,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,354,1736]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A. Gemelliporina glabra, fragment showing orifices and a small avicularium. B, C. Plesiocleidochasma acuminata n. sp. B. General view of a fragment showing infertile zooids. C. Detail of some zooids showing cleithridiate orifices, a few scattered areolar pores and acuminate avicularia with rostra ending in a sharp and elongate tip. D–F. Rhynchozoon aff. rostratum. D. General view of a colony part showing some zooids with peristomial tubercles and frontal avicularia. E. Detail of some autozooids showing peristomial tubercles and frontal, triangular avicularia. F. Detail of one zooid showing distally beaded orifice and a suboral lateral avicularium with a triangular rostrum, and a suboral umbo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437583/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFB0791BFF43F9FBFD66F95D" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFB0791BFF43F9FBFD66F95D" blockId="21.[151,762,1588,1671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C487641EFFB0791BFF43F9FBFD66F95D" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
?
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB0791BFF76F9FAFDF9F990" authority=": Braga, 1967: 12" authorityName="Braga" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1967" box="[162,585,1588,1610]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bitectiporidae" genus="Hippoporina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellana">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFF76F9FAFE27F990" box="[162,407,1588,1610]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Hippoporina porcellana</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="65366521FFB0791BFE71F9FAFDF9F990" author="" box="[421,585,1588,1610]" page="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB0791BFE71F9FAFD94F990" box="[421,548,1588,1610]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" refId="ref16477" refString="Braga, G. (1967) Notas sobre os briozoarios marinhos Brasileiros coletados pelo navio Oceanografico &quot; Almirante Saldanha &quot;. Instituto de Pesquisas da Marinha, Notas tecnicas, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 1 - 16." type="journal article">Braga, 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 12
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 7, 8.?
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB0791BFF76F99DFD46F9B2" ID-CoL="4K9GL" authority="Almeida et al., 2015a: 5" authorityName="Almeida et al." authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="2015" box="[162,758,1618,1640]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFF76F99DFE42F9B2" box="[162,498,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="65366521FFB0791BFE2BF99DFD46F9B2" author="" box="[511,758,1618,1640]" page="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB0791BFE2BF99DFD6EF9B2" box="[511,734,1618,1640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" refId="ref15709" refString="Almeida, A. C., Alves, O., Peso-Aguiar, M., Dominguez, J. &amp; Souza, F. (2015 a) Gymnolaemata bryozoans of Bahia State, Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 8, e 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267215000743" type="journal article">
Almeida
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFD88F99CFD39F9B2" box="[604,649,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
., 2015a
</bibRefCitation>
: 5
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB0791BFF43F9BEFED2F95D" ID-CoL="84SMH" authority="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,354,1649,1671]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFF43F9BEFED2F95D" box="[151,354,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Plesiocleidochasma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFB0791BFEBCF9BDFE0AF95D" box="[360,442,1650,1671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
:
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB0791BFE17F9BDFD32F95D" box="[451,642,1649,1671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" refId="ref16241" refString="Bastos, A. C., Moura, R. L., Moraes, F. C., Vieira, L. S., Braga, J. C., Ramalho, L. V., Amado-Filho, J. M., Magdalena, U. R. &amp; Webster, J. M. (2018) Bryozoans are Major Modern Builders of South Atlantic Oddly Shaped Reefs. Scientific Reports, 8 (9638). 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 27961 - 6" type="journal article">
Bastos
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFDD8F9BDFD89F95D" box="[524,569,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">et al</emphasis>
., 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: table 1.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFB0791BFF43F97BFC3DF935" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFB0791BFF43F97BFC3DF935" blockId="21.[151,1436,1716,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<materialsCitation id="54FF496DFFB0791BFF43F97BFC3DF935" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913860736" collectingDate="2014-02" collectorName="Parcel dos Abrolhos &amp; R. Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos." country="Brazil" elevation="15" location="Material" municipality="Abrolhos Bank" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFF43F97BFE32F917" bold="true" box="[151,386,1716,1741]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<location id="E14815EBFFB0791BFF43F97BFF4FF917" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6C3EF226FFB07918FF43FA06FD1FFA47:E14815EBFFB0791BFF43F97BFF4FF917" box="[151,255,1716,1741]" country="Brazil" municipality="Abrolhos Bank" name="Material" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" stateProvince="Bahia">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="044CD94AFFB0791BFE5FF97BFD8AF917" box="[395,570,1716,1741]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Abrolhos Bank</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFB0791BFD92F97BFD37F917" box="[582,647,1716,1741]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Bahia</collectingRegion>
State,
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFB0791BFD0CF97BFC91F917" box="[728,801,1716,1741]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<typeStatus id="3B2CFD92FFB0791BFCF9F97BFC2AF917" box="[813,922,1716,1741]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: MNRJ-Bry1381,
<collectorName id="496226E6FFB0791BFBBFF97BFAE4F917" box="[1131,1364,1716,1741]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Parcel dos Abrolhos</collectorName>
,
<elevation id="6FBAA403FFB0791BFAB5F97BFA2CF916" box="[1377,1436,1716,1741]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" unit="m" value="15.0">
<quantity id="236FEED5FFB0791BFAB5F97BFA2CF916" box="[1377,1436,1716,1741]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth,
<collectingDate id="806D9C18FFB0791BFF37F918FE3AF92A" box="[227,394,1751,1776]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" value="2014-02">
<date id="902965F0FFB0791BFF37F918FE3AF92A" box="[227,394,1751,1776]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" value="2014-02">February 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
, col.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFB0791BFE11F917FD83F935" box="[453,563,1752,1775]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">R. Moura</collectorName>
, G.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFB0791BFD8AF918FD45F92A" box="[606,757,1751,1776]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Amado-Filho</collectorName>
&amp; A.
<collectorName id="496226E6FFB0791BFCEEF917FC3DF935" box="[826,909,1752,1775]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Bastos.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFB0791BFF13F933FE2FF8E2" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFB0791BFF13F933FE2FF8E2" blockId="21.[151,1436,1716,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFF13F933FEFEF8CF" bold="true" box="[199,334,1788,1813]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Latin ‘
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFDC4F932FD41F8CE" box="[528,753,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">acuminatus, -a, -um</emphasis>
’, meaning ‘sharp, pointed’, referring to the conical shape of the frontal avicularium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFB0791BFF13F88BFCABF812" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFB0791BFF13F88BFCABF812" blockId="21.[151,1436,1716,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFF13F88BFEF1F887" bold="true" box="[199,321,1860,1885]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting. Autozooids polygonal with finely granular frontal shield, sometimes with an umbo present in the median region and/or at the zooidal corners. Cleithridiate orifice with a broad and shallow sinus; avicularium single, frontal, large, rostrum elongate triangular with a thin and sharp tip, palate with three aligned pores plus an additional pore distal to these three.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFB07918FF13F81BFB0AFE0A" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="21" pageNumber="176" type="description">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFB07918FF13F81BFB1FFE77" blockId="21.[151,1436,1716,2029]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,1437]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB0791BFF13F81BFEE9F837" bold="true" box="[199,345,2004,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="176">Description.</emphasis>
Colony encrusting, multilamellar. Autozooids polygonal, slightly longer than wide (377–431– 467 µm long x 325–408–473 µm wide), disposed in quincunx (
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFB37918FC89FF58FC05FF6A" box="[861,949,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,355,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,354,1736]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A. Gemelliporina glabra, fragment showing orifices and a small avicularium. B, C. Plesiocleidochasma acuminata n. sp. B. General view of a fragment showing infertile zooids. C. Detail of some zooids showing cleithridiate orifices, a few scattered areolar pores and acuminate avicularia with rostra ending in a sharp and elongate tip. D–F. Rhynchozoon aff. rostratum. D. General view of a colony part showing some zooids with peristomial tubercles and frontal avicularia. E. Detail of some autozooids showing peristomial tubercles and frontal, triangular avicularia. F. Detail of one zooid showing distally beaded orifice and a suboral lateral avicularium with a triangular rostrum, and a suboral umbo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437583/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
); frontal shield finely granular, imperforate except for a few scattered circular areolar pores (
<quantity id="236FEED5FFB37918FD6AFF73FCB7FF0F" box="[702,775,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 in</quantity>
each zooid); an umbo sometimes developed in the median region and/or at the proximal and distal corners of the zooid (
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFB37918FC96FF10FC2AFF22" box="[834,922,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,355,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,354,1736]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A. Gemelliporina glabra, fragment showing orifices and a small avicularium. B, C. Plesiocleidochasma acuminata n. sp. B. General view of a fragment showing infertile zooids. C. Detail of some zooids showing cleithridiate orifices, a few scattered areolar pores and acuminate avicularia with rostra ending in a sharp and elongate tip. D–F. Rhynchozoon aff. rostratum. D. General view of a colony part showing some zooids with peristomial tubercles and frontal avicularia. E. Detail of some autozooids showing peristomial tubercles and frontal, triangular avicularia. F. Detail of one zooid showing distally beaded orifice and a suboral lateral avicularium with a triangular rostrum, and a suboral umbo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437583/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Orifice cleithridiate, keyhole-shaped, longer than wide (133–147–157 µm long), anter with smooth rim, circular to oval, (95–105–113 µm wide), poster formed by a semicircular, broad and shallow sinus (54–63–71 µm wide); condyles prominent, curved downwards (
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFB37918FABBFEE8FF0BFEBF" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,355,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,354,1736]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A. Gemelliporina glabra, fragment showing orifices and a small avicularium. B, C. Plesiocleidochasma acuminata n. sp. B. General view of a fragment showing infertile zooids. C. Detail of some zooids showing cleithridiate orifices, a few scattered areolar pores and acuminate avicularia with rostra ending in a sharp and elongate tip. D–F. Rhynchozoon aff. rostratum. D. General view of a colony part showing some zooids with peristomial tubercles and frontal avicularia. E. Detail of some autozooids showing peristomial tubercles and frontal, triangular avicularia. F. Detail of one zooid showing distally beaded orifice and a suboral lateral avicularium with a triangular rostrum, and a suboral umbo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437583/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Usually one large avicularium (145–175–205 µm long) on each autozooid, located laterally and below the orificial sinus; rostrum triangular, tip elongate, thin and sharp, embedded in frontal shield calcification; palate with four pores, three aligned plus a fourth above the median pore (
<figureCitation id="7CAC5FB5FFB37918FC86FE5BFC1AFE77" box="[850,938,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,355,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,354,1736]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of three bryozoan species. A. Gemelliporina glabra, fragment showing orifices and a small avicularium. B, C. Plesiocleidochasma acuminata n. sp. B. General view of a fragment showing infertile zooids. C. Detail of some zooids showing cleithridiate orifices, a few scattered areolar pores and acuminate avicularia with rostra ending in a sharp and elongate tip. D–F. Rhynchozoon aff. rostratum. D. General view of a colony part showing some zooids with peristomial tubercles and frontal avicularia. E. Detail of some autozooids showing peristomial tubercles and frontal, triangular avicularia. F. Detail of one zooid showing distally beaded orifice and a suboral lateral avicularium with a triangular rostrum, and a suboral umbo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1437583/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Ovicell not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E4284330FFB37918FF13FE78FB0AFE0A" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1437]" box="[199,1210,439,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">
<materialsCitation id="54FF496DFFB37918FF13FE78FB0AFE0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913860738" box="[199,1210,439,464]" location="Bahia" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FF13FE78FE5FFE0A" bold="true" box="[199,495,439,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
Abrolhos Bank,
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFB37918FD7AFE78FD5FFE0A" box="[686,751,439,464]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Bahia</collectingRegion>
State (
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FCE8FE77FBB9FE0A" box="[828,1033,440,464]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref16241" refString="Bastos, A. C., Moura, R. L., Moraes, F. C., Vieira, L. S., Braga, J. C., Ramalho, L. V., Amado-Filho, J. M., Magdalena, U. R. &amp; Webster, J. M. (2018) Bryozoans are Major Modern Builders of South Atlantic Oddly Shaped Reefs. Scientific Reports, 8 (9638). 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 27961 - 6" type="journal article">
Bastos
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FC5BFE76FC71FE0A" box="[911,961,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
; present study).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC8D10BBFFB37918FF13FE13FD1FFA47" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E4284330FFB37918FF13FE13FC61FCE2" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FF13FE13FE8BFE2F" bold="true" box="[199,315,476,501]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Remarks.</emphasis>
Two
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FEADFE13FDE9FE2E" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[377,601,476,500]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FEADFE13FDE9FE2E" box="[377,601,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Plesiocleidochasma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species were previously recorded in
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFB37918FC23FE13FBF0FE2F" box="[1015,1088,476,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FB9DFE12FA2CFE2E" authority="(Smitt, 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[1097,1436,476,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cleidostomum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FB9DFE12FB4FFE2E" box="[1097,1279,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. cleidostomum</emphasis>
(Smitt, 1973)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FF13FDCEFDBBFDC2" authority="(Busk, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[199,523,511,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FF13FDCEFEC1FDC2" box="[199,369,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. porcellanum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FE54FE30FDB3FDC2" box="[384,515,511,536]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref16723" refString="Busk, G. (1860) Zoophytology. Shetland Polyzoa. Collected by Mr. Barlee (Continued and concluded). Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 8, 213 - 214." type="journal article">Busk, 1860</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FDCEFE30FD54FDC2" box="[538,740,511,536]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref20995" refString="Vieira, L. M., Migotto, A. E. &amp; Winston, J. E. (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1810, 1 - 39." type="journal article">
Vieira
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FDBCFDCEFD12FDC2" box="[616,674,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FCDBFDCFFB3FFDC2" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[783,1167,512,536]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Schedocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FCDBFDCFFB3FFDC2" box="[783,1167,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Schedocleidochasma porcellanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FB4AFE30FA3DFDC2" box="[1182,1421,511,536]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref15709" refString="Almeida, A. C., Alves, O., Peso-Aguiar, M., Dominguez, J. &amp; Souza, F. (2015 a) Gymnolaemata bryozoans of Bahia State, Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 8, e 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267215000743" type="journal article">
Almeida
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FAD2FDCEFA88FDC2" box="[1286,1336,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
. 2015a
</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FEDEFDEBFE03FDE7" box="[266,435,548,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref21261" refString="Winston, J. E. (2005) Re-description and revision of Smitt's &quot; Floridan Bryozoa &quot; in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 7, 1 - 147. [with an annotated catalogue of specimens collected by L. F. de Pourtales in Florida and Carolina, housed at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University]" type="journal article">Winston (2005</bibRefCitation>
, 2016) when redescribing
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FD08FDEAFB80FDE6" authority="(Smitt, 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[732,1072,548,573]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cleidostomum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FD08FDEAFC24FDE6" box="[732,916,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. cleidostomum</emphasis>
(Smitt, 1973)
</taxonomicName>
excluded records of this species from the Brazilian coast, mentioning that it belongs to the complex ‘
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FC7EFD87FBF6FDBA" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[938,1094,584,608]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cleidostomum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FC7EFD87FBF6FDBA" box="[938,1094,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">cleidostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ but differs in having striated ooecia and more distolaterally directed avicularia.
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FD01FDA3FBFAFD5E" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[725,1098,620,644]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FD01FDA3FBFAFD5E" box="[725,1098,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported to occur in several parts of
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFB37918FE9FFD40FE3FFD72" box="[331,399,655,680]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Rocas Atoll –
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFB37918FD97FD40FC83FD7D" box="[579,819,655,680]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFB37918FD97FD40FD75FD72" box="[579,709,655,680]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Rio Grande" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Rio Grande</collectingRegion>
do Norte
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFB37918FCEBFD40FC51FD72" box="[831,993,655,680]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFB37918FC3AFD40FB24FD72" box="[1006,1172,655,680]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFB37918FB1BFD5FFAF1FD72" box="[1231,1345,655,680]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
states – see
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FF10FD7BFE3FFD16" box="[196,399,692,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref20995" refString="Vieira, L. M., Migotto, A. E. &amp; Winston, J. E. (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1810, 1 - 39." type="journal article">
Vieira
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FEC6FD7AFEFDFD16" box="[274,333,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
– and Abrolhos Bank –
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FD65FD7BFC19FD17" box="[689,937,692,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref15709" refString="Almeida, A. C., Alves, O., Peso-Aguiar, M., Dominguez, J. &amp; Souza, F. (2015 a) Gymnolaemata bryozoans of Bahia State, Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 8, e 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267215000743" type="journal article">
Almeida
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FCCFFD7AFCFFFD16" box="[795,847,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
. 2015a
</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover,
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FBE8FD7BFB5BFD16" box="[1084,1259,692,717]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref16347" refString="Berning, B. (2012) Taxonomic notes on some Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Madeira. Zootaxa, 3236, 36 - 54." type="journal article">Berning (2012)</bibRefCitation>
stated that this species is actually a species complex and all records, except for those from the Madeiran Archipelago, should be questioned.
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FEF2FD33FD9BFCCE" box="[294,555,764,789]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref21457" refString="Winston, J. E., Vieira, L. M. &amp; Woollacott, R. M. (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 14.1" type="journal article">
Winston
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FE46FD32FE62FCCE" box="[402,466,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
also mentioned that some specimens assigned to
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FB46FD32FAF2FCCE" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1170,1346,764,788]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FB46FD32FAF2FCCE" box="[1170,1346,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. porcellanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FA53FD32FE83FCE2" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cleidostomum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FA53FD32FE83FCE2" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. cleidostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from NE and SE
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFB37918FE2EFCD0FD8EFCE2" box="[506,574,799,824]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Brazil</collectingCountry>
may represent undescribed species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E4284330FFB37918FF13FC8BFD1FFA47" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">
The species identified as
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FE30FC8AFD3EFC86" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[484,654,836,860]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FE30FC8AFD3EFC86" box="[484,654,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. porcellanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FD6DFC8AFCEFFC86" box="[697,863,836,860]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref19290" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1937.113912" type="journal article">Marcus (1937)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFB37918FC70FC8BFBA6FC87" box="[932,1046,836,861]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
State differs from
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FB3FFC8AFACDFC86" authority="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos, 2018" authorityName="Ramalho &amp; Taylor &amp; Moraes &amp; Moura &amp; Amado-Filho &amp; Bastos" authorityYear="2018" box="[1259,1405,837,860]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="acuminata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FB3FFC8AFACDFC86" box="[1259,1405,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. acuminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDD02259FFB37918FA51FC8BFF08FC5A" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" rank="species">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FA51FC8BFF08FC5A" bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
as it has an orifice with an anter as wide as the poster, and narrower avicularia. Specimens recorded from
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFB37918FA87FCA8FF58FC7F" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
State by
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FE81FC42FE5BFC7F" box="[341,491,908,933]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref16477" refString="Braga, G. (1967) Notas sobre os briozoarios marinhos Brasileiros coletados pelo navio Oceanografico &quot; Almirante Saldanha &quot;. Instituto de Pesquisas da Marinha, Notas tecnicas, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 1 - 16." type="journal article">Braga (1967)</bibRefCitation>
are more similar but the description does not mention the pores on the avicularian palate, precluding the confirmation of this identification. The Brazilian species
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FBF1FC7EFA28FC12" authority="Winston et al., 2014" authorityName="Winston et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[1061,1432,943,968]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="foliosum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FBF1FC7EFB13FC12" box="[1061,1187,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. foliosum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FB78FC60FA28FC12" box="[1196,1432,943,968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref21457" refString="Winston, J. E., Vieira, L. M. &amp; Woollacott, R. M. (2014) Scientific results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161 (5), 139 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 14.1" type="journal article">
Winston
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FAC7FC7EFAE4FC12" box="[1299,1364,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">et al.,</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from
<collectingRegion id="26538DD2FFB37918FE9CFC1BFE5CFC37" box="[328,492,980,1005]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
State, differs from the Abrolhos specimen in: the smaller (117–144 µm long), leafshaped avicularia with three unaligned pores plus a fourth pore above them on the palate; orifice with a small rounded to arrow-shaped sinus; and only a central umbo. The Abrolhos specimen may be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FA53FBD2FE94FB82" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="porcellanum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FA53FBD2FE94FB82" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. porcellanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it has a broader orifice (poster 104–121 µm wide, anter 62–80 µm wide), and a smaller (78–92 µm long) triangular avicularium with a semicircular to triangular non-calcified palate.
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FB68FBABFE83FB7A" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="cleidostomum">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FB68FBABFE83FB7A" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Plesiocleidochasma cleidostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a short orifice (108–126 µm long), a smaller avicularium (108–144 µm long) that is raised from the frontal shield usually on an umbo, and a trifoliate palate. The morphological closest species is
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FACAFB62FECDFB32" authority="(Livingstone, 1926)" baseAuthorityName="Livingstone" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FACAFB62FA2CFB1E" box="[1310,1436,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. normani</emphasis>
(Livingstone, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
, from the Indo-Pacific, which has a similar avicularium with an acuminate tip and three aligned pores on the palate, but
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FE2AFB3AFDC5FAD6" baseAuthorityName="Livingstone" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[510,629,1269,1292]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FE2AFB3AFDC5FAD6" box="[510,629,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">P. normani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by its larger autozooids (450–495–540 µm long x 310–365–420 µm wide), larger and more rounded aperture (150–165–180 µm long x 130–145–160 µm wide) and larger avicularia (230–245–270 µm long).
<taxonomicName id="239738B3FFB37918FDA5FAF3FB16FA8E" authority="(Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[625,1190,1340,1365]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Plesiocleidochasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="D6E39F22FFB37918FDA5FAF3FC27FA8E" box="[625,919,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Plesiocleidochasma fallax</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="80063EC1FFB37918FC71FAF3FB2FFA8E" box="[933,1183,1340,1365]" pageId="22" pageNumber="177" refId="ref17138" refString="Canu, F. &amp; Bassler, R. S. (1929) Bryozoa of the Philippine region. United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, 1 - 685." type="journal article">Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, from the
<collectingCountry id="9C8003A0FFB37918FAC3FAF3FA28FA8F" box="[1303,1432,1340,1365]" name="Philippines" pageId="22" pageNumber="177">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, also has four pores on the palate, but a large leaf-shaped avicularium without an elongated tip, a wider orifice and frontal shields without umbos or protuberances.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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