218 lines
32 KiB
XML
218 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="3C033F179EACE69000F81A283E63E8E4" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2243fee9-9f80-4fc0-825f-109c19240026" ModsDocID="2959" checkinTime="1243372804622" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Ward, P. S." docDate="1994" docId="463DD45335B609A5F351BDAF429EC8EE" docLanguage="en" docName="2959" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 19" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=2959" docTitle="Amblyoponini" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="9D6249984007D97196428B7009D07FAD" masterDocTitle="Adetomyrma, an enigmatic new ant genus from Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and its implications for ant phylogeny." masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="159" pageNumber="167" updateTime="1701312049372" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="67FEF5899C6B89CDC6201A602413FF23">
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<mods:title id="2BA129F861C0B82F78E35111ED8F98AF">Adetomyrma, an enigmatic new ant genus from Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and its implications for ant phylogeny.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8AB76D828D48BBE112E312F10BF60B38" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E67F1ACEBCF0A7DC88FFE0C8EBC62E12">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="441F93DD45F476CEADF56CDCFD6E423A">Ward, P. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0B9E4CF391F582D2EED61F6E32DA2117">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DF1723658B4970B800B62B2A122DD679">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C71CF0C6ED229EC038F429BEF6C83876">
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<mods:date id="0592434A7EEACF073A061D477A1417F5">1994</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3261E784AA2766E52AEE9ADE26D3F287" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="776DBCC091E68A38881434119DF48A39">19</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="79A671470B6753CAEF783BF3338774DC" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="9FFB457DD84A996C0EC4869495174457">159</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="EE1D39BFB68DA7D0162D7D8BCFC41BBE">175</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="B546C26A60CB0B83A39CCF70B6BF823A">
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<mods:url id="B17B7C7AA78C0DA57192137A5D0EA9E3">http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=2959</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="C5ED64A562A3042D35A6F5B00FB62E18">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6F7AC1E117E0F6E102B9E345FFAC8209" type="HNS-Pub">2959</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="463DD45335B609A5F351BDAF429EC8EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6281304" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100133440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6281304" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:463DD45335B609A5F351BDAF429EC8EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/463DD45335B609A5F351BDAF429EC8EE" lastPageNumber="171" pageNumber="167">
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<subSubSection id="04ED6E2F76F8C4C24883C1A03D04F9CC" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2C36031143139D6641787A16524FBB22" pageNumber="167">
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Redefinition of the
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<taxonomicName id="27732482DB3FA6CFCC361E1DD5B34A55" ID-CoL="KKN" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="167" rank="tribe" tribe="Amblyoponini">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="33C0BCF2CE8E6C580B9D9B9CEBABB523" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="B546A5B8F4553042A7383431BC689E72" pageNumber="167">
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Long considered a rather primitive group of ants, possibly reflective of an early stage in ant evolution (Wilson, 1971; Hoelldobler & Wilson, 1990), the
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<taxonomicName id="99684B464DD09A23257BBC2A746E028D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="167" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
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were well characterized by Brown (1960; see also Brown, 1974 a, b; Gotwald & Levieux, 1972) but they have not heretofore been defined explicitly in terms of derived characters that would signify their monophyly. The characterization given below refers to all currently recognized, extant amblyoponine genera for which the worker caste is known (i. e.
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<taxonomicName id="940EBDC07BF005BC326D5224DF61DE4A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2336" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopone Erichson" lsidName-HNS="Amblyopone Erichson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amblyopone</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="871CE3B0224D2575C225B302E41B3F97" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2374" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Concoctio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Concoctio Brown" lsidName-HNS="Concoctio Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Concoctio</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C737B298132A604418F897F862D742A2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2376" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium Roger" lsidName-HNS="Mystrium Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mystrium</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BE1D3D86CC85F9BEF225EB78F1322BE7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2375" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopopone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myopopone Roger" lsidName-HNS="Myopopone Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myopopone</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="14D4C191A64AA35FD4C44688D5BD5DEB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Onychomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onychomyrmex Emery" lsidName-HNS="Onychomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Onychomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="02A6154E1E862C04D414BB9450257FBA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2379" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prionopelta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionopelta Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Prionopelta Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prionopelta</taxonomicName>
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). These were compared to a representative range of taxa in other ponerine tribes (
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<taxonomicName id="9DFD203DF0C24298381C33B07AF26905" LSID-HNS="Upload Failed" lsidName-HNS="Not available" pageNumber="167" rank="tribe">Ectatommini</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C033F22E56380F8CB99E35253D2A905" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2306" lsidName-HNS="Platythyreini Emery" pageNumber="167" rank="tribe">Platythyreini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="AC26BA588626340ACC499B79B781BD0A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2307" lsidName-HNS="Ponerini Lepeletier" pageNumber="167" rank="tribe">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9C68B31924AE9604BA84FC505E3D4BBE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2317" lsidName-HNS="Typhlomyrmecini Emery" pageNumber="167" rank="tribe">Typhlomyrmecini</taxonomicName>
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) as well as to
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<taxonomicName id="337E2CB2E0266FED852ACE4125D6FA1E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Lévieux" lsidName-HNS="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Levieux" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apomyrma</taxonomicName>
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and the principal leptanilline and doryline section genera. In the diagnosis below, apparent apomorphic conditions are marked with an asterisk. Some of these are unique, others have appeared convergently in other ant groups, as discussed below. A comparison with
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<taxonomicName id="CDD016B596F5574FCEE90679364BAF25" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2326" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Adetomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adetomyrma Ward" lsidName-HNS="Adetomyrma Ward" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Adetomyrma</taxonomicName>
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appears after the diagnosis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E51D106D30E9428008F2620F147E5870" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D3D44348F33942CC663891ABC279980E" pageNumber="167">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="D51B0F3CBE2C0AA4D20F5BF602D5B6CB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="167" rank="tribe" tribe="Amblyoponini">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
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Forel, 1893
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5EB99FEFF181DE1733EE1EF4647D7BFA" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A87A56A877EC96475927F2CA6453ACDC" pageNumber="167">
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1. * Worker, queen. Anterior clypeal margin with a row of specialized, stout setae which give it a denticulate appearance (Figs 8 - 11, 14, 15); this may be accentuated by the setae arising from cuticular projections (
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<taxonomicName id="6A49714137D9965165C67F6E52949A58" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2376" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium Roger" lsidName-HNS="Mystrium Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mystrium</taxonomicName>
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, some
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<taxonomicName id="5EEEC59CA0B5200CA55333BF86B5817F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2336" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopone Erichson" lsidName-HNS="Amblyopone Erichson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amblyopone</taxonomicName>
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). The setae are secondarily reduced in some species, lost in
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<taxonomicName id="18AEB824B3C4648A97A1DE7FD80B53E3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25197" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopone mutica (Santschi)" lsidName-HNS="Amblyopone mutica (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">Amblyopone mutica (Santschi)</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A47F7901B16DEAC8E4674059BEBE24C7" pageNumber="167">2. *? Worker, queen. Mandibles overlapping at their tips when closed and typically, but not always, without distinct</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E4C4AD12EBD4A6938D355F24D2F82D5" pageNumber="167">
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basal and masticatory borders. Differentiated borders can be seen in
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<taxonomicName id="B709214FC5F349A5DD65846D92F3E786" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2374" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Concoctio" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Concoctio Brown" lsidName-HNS="Concoctio Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Concoctio</taxonomicName>
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and some
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<taxonomicName id="199B7CEF4F2D9368C1242D64F666113F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2336" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopone Erichson" lsidName-HNS="Amblyopone Erichson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amblyopone</taxonomicName>
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, however, so the groundplan for the tribe is uncertain.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB97A876CE1B7AAEF7226F4F51CD5D1E" pageNumber="167">3. * Worker, queen. Palp formula 5,3, with reductions therefrom (Brown, 1960).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="46CEBD7581CF8007E3561767E1107582" pageNumber="167">4. Worker, queen. Twelve antennal segments, with uncommon secondary reduction to as few as 9 and 7.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="88B814CBC3A38E5A93D209F74CFFEA42" pageNumber="167">5. Worker, queen. Antennal sclerite (torulus) raised medially and fusing with the overlapping frontal lobes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="54AB080FA22723D6033DA625613B8799" pageNumber="167">6. * Worker. Compound eyes reduced or, less commonly, absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C5E228F26531DC1641AFEA2D39A480C7" pageNumber="167">7. * Worker, queen. Eyes, when present, situated behind the middle of the sides of the head.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E67539167FB107FC0D95D0FF462C364" pageNumber="167">8. Worker. Promesonotal suture unfused.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3FC140C4F64E83CB408902B43581086B" pageNumber="167">9. * Worker. Mesonotum short and transverse, on a flattened mesosoma, shorter than the basal (= dorsal) face of the propodeum, usually much so.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA817D5719D04DCF1874DF84092277F2" pageNumber="167">
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10. * Worker, queen, male. Metacoxal cavities encircled by cuticle, the endpoints meeting broadly but not fused (Figs 19, 20). Fusion occurs as a secondary development within the tribe, in
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<taxonomicName id="919BEB3E845A7C6DDC65D073F13CF4A0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Onychomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onychomyrmex Emery" lsidName-HNS="Onychomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Onychomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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and possibly others.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0E9A31B704651EC297B6BC7E2BF663CA" pageNumber="167">
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11. * Worker, queen. Metapleural gland orifice directed predominantly dorsally and posteriorly, on a curved surface mesad of a posterolateral swelling or plate; orifice plainly visible, as a thin crescentic cavity, in posterior view; no guard hairs arising from the posterolateral swelling (Figs 25, 26, 31, 32). The metapleural gland orifice of
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<taxonomicName id="43A2C168308DAF821D1964A07F958753" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2375" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myopopone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myopopone Roger" lsidName-HNS="Myopopone Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myopopone</taxonomicName>
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is somewhat divergent, opening laterally as well as posterodorsally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="984E51663727138C27C3573818F43E34" pageNumber="167">12. * Worker, queen. Petiole (abdominal segment 2) shape characteristic: essentially apedunculate, with a steep, broad anterior face and a flat dorsal face that extends to the posterodorsal margin without descending into a distinct posterior face.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FE55FA3EFEECA1AF4ADFCBE849A240BC" pageNumber="167">
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13. * Worker, queen, male. Abdominal sternum 2 with distinctive configuration: fused anteriorly with the tergum, but not fully fused posteriorly, i. e. with some free play between the sternite and adjacent tergite; posterior portion of sternum 2, i. e. section posterior to the region of definitive fusion, typically triangular or pyriform in shape (ventral view), its anterior apex occurring at a ' pinch point' marked by the approximate convergence of three structures: the laterotergite (see 14 below), the anterior termination of the (usually well developed and antero-dorsally undercut) ventral petiolar tooth, and the lower margins of the collar-like peduncular flange that encircles the tergum anteriorly (Fig. 37); very rarely (e. g.
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<taxonomicName id="AB1253E405B2E8A3EC566CDD3283AD87" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25197" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopone mutica (Santschi)" lsidName-HNS="Amblyopone mutica (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">A. mutica</taxonomicName>
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) the petiolar tooth and peduncular flange absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="72D33B9FAA44283CC7F4529BA80BFC22" pageNumber="167">
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14. *? Worker, queen, male. Abdominal tergum 2 with a distinct laterotergite which parallels the posterior portion of the sternum, forming a hinge joint with it; laterotergite broad posteriorly, narrowing anteriorly and terminating at the ' pinch point' near the lower margins of the collar-like peduncular flange (Fig. 37). Laterotergite reduced / lost in
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<taxonomicName id="E30926E6CE45B2C8B7D7B72CDD142A6E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2379" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prionopelta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prionopelta Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Prionopelta Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prionopelta</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 38) and in most
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<taxonomicName id="783C2831FD29ABA6BF3425D4A13C39A8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Onychomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onychomyrmex Emery" lsidName-HNS="Onychomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Onychomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8CE30ABF8542D81394772C283FE25036" pageNumber="167">
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15. *? Worker, queen, male. Petiole broadly attached to upper margins of abdominal segment 3 and helcial sternite broad. A significant narrowing of the broad dorsal attachment occurs only in the aberrant
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<taxonomicName id="DE052A4F2FE7772327AED1A64CAA1517" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25197" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopone mutica (Santschi)" lsidName-HNS="Amblyopone mutica (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">Amblyopone mutica</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C2B4EBCC85A355FBE24C5ABDEAA61A16" pageNumber="168">16. Worker, queen, male. Abdominal segment 3: ter-gosternal fusion of presclerites and postsclerites,</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7356FBF1CB83952F9D421C445B0369A6" pageNumber="168">17. Worker, queen. Abdominal segment 4: differen-tiation of presclerites and tergosternal fusion of the entire segment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FDCCB8DB2674D4618A67646DE0548D7A" pageNumber="168">18. * 7 Worker, queen, male. Absence of stridulatory file on abdominal tergum 4.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C3626B9791B4B9128E3ABE29436EA2C8" pageNumber="168">19. Worker. queen. Pygidium simple.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D9836999554059CC6F113FA86D5514C" pageNumber="168">20. Worker, queen. Sting apparatus well developed, furcula present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="06C2DE32E9D8B5713DE4774695C3B9F1" pageNumber="169">21. Worker, queen, male. Tibial spurs 1.2.2. with reductions therefrom.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E375CFF675E4D37F0044910FFBBFB23D" pageNumber="169">22. * Worker, queen. Posterior metatibial spur stout subtriangular and curved (Hashimoto, 1991 b), its lower margin pectinate and upper margin barbulate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C9CE0E1152F7FFD11C2C012BF1C7E163" pageNumber="169">23. Worker, queen, male. Tarsal claws simple.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62CF379DB0B2BCD955D7116DA1D99916" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C7F886C75AB4C126F2385E2D23625BF9" pageNumber="169">
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Some of the starred features listed above (e. g. reduction and position of ine compound eyes: simple tarsal claws) appear repeatedly in other ant groups and hence have limited phylogenetic value. Other features, such as the absence of a stridulatory file and the broad attachment of the petiole to the succeeding segment, are possibly pleomorphic. This is almost certainly true of inc presence of a laterotergite on abdominal tergum 2 (also seen, for example, in
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<taxonomicName id="EAAD0E3A88A9AB39B33EE4021CEECFF0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24818" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmecina Curtis" lsidName-HNS="Myrmecina Curtis" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmecina</taxonomicName>
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and some cerapachyines and other ponerines) but the particular ' pinch point' arrangement of
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C255E15994CF35A63FD0598E3DC01EE" lastPageNumber="170" pageNumber="169">
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the laterotergite, the ventral petiolar tooth, and the peduncular * flange is more or less confined to
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<taxonomicName id="D929F220B1966987D079C0BE1B517F9B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="169" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
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. A ventral petiolar tooth and a peduncular flange are also seen in many other ponerines, but their shape and position in
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<taxonomicName id="E609A9DA328F0BD746DD6CD0C017F2A8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="169" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
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are distinctive. The petiolar tooth, in particular usually protrudes anteroventrally with the result that, in lateral profile, a notch-like incision is observed at its anterior junction with the sternum proper. Also compelling as synapomorphies are the specialized dentiform clypeal setae which appear to be unique to the tribe: the particular configuration of the metapleural gland which is not duplicated elsewhere: the shape of the petiole, which is rarely seen in other ants (
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<taxonomicName id="F2ADFB7BDB9A227E7ED72B10F8D0B5CC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:37459" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Typhlomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rogenhoferi">Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi Mayr</taxonomicName>
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and a few cerapachyines approach this condition); and the broad but primitively unfused connection between the sclerites encircling the metacoxal cavities. As far as known, all amblyoponines are cryptic in their foraging habits and specialized as predators on arthropods, especially centipedes, living in soil or rolling wood (Brown, 1960; Gotwald & Levieux, 1972; Hoelldobler & Wilson, 1986; Masuko, 1986; Ito, 1993) The shape of the mandibles, the powerful sting, and the dentiform clypeal (sometimes also labral) setae no doubt assist physically in prey capture (Brown, 1960), although the clypeal setae probably also have a sensory function.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="047E32F45BD9B3134D426D80A3C8F383" pageNumber="170">
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Excluded from
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<taxonomicName id="A319A1D53FA47FFDE12E19262F4F2376" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="170" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="84E0E532670E091A873408C689B1FB9C" lastPageNumber="171" pageNumber="170">
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1.
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<taxonomicName id="B85AA6797289429C3021F51435BC2A10" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Lévieux" lsidName-HNS="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Levieux" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apomyrma</taxonomicName>
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, known from the single species
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|
<taxonomicName id="27687C3AD293F71537F60756D0DB6C98" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apomyrma stygia Brown, Gotwald & Lévieux" lsidName-HNS="Apomyrma stygia Brown, Gotwald & Levieux" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygia">Apomyrma stygia Brown</taxonomicName>
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|
, Gotwald & Levieux (1971), was originally placed in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="914ACFE3677D09B92A399B7D97CADAE0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="170" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
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|
but later transferred to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5881ED73DE460DD6809EF6ACB6D3786E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2255" lsidName-HNS="Leptanillinae Emery" pageNumber="170" rank="subFamily">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Bolton (1990 a) and then given subfamily status, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C180A2203788E87F9900F73D72AB6343" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2247" lsidName-HNS="Apomyrminae Dlussky & Fedoseeva" pageNumber="170" rank="subFamily">Apomyrminae</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Baroni Urbani et al. (1992). The clypeal margin of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F2A0EEF257B71655FB2033076DD3435" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Lévieux" lsidName-HNS="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Levieux" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apomyrma</taxonomicName>
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|
worker is not adorned with specialised setae but there is a double row of similar, presumably analogous (see also Gotwald & Levieux, 1972) peg-like setae on the labrum. Note that these are different in shape than those of die
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AA3494422E0847F06B1DBA14D6C865FB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="170" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(compare Figs. 8 - 11, 14 - 17). Nevertheless dentiform setae are round on both the labrum and the clypeal margin in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8049FB59BDF6518285BE2F628E35D7EB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Onychomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onychomyrmex Emery" lsidName-HNS="Onychomyrmex Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Onychomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 9) and some
|
|
<taxonomicName id="881342C59A2495F2E36AB24E8E7DC174" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2336" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopone Erichson" lsidName-HNS="Amblyopone Erichson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amblyopone</taxonomicName>
|
|
, suggesting a possible link between the characters.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F708B2D75BE16F387EF26806A546AB3E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2383" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protanilla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protanilla Taylor" lsidName-HNS="Protanilla Taylor" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protanilla</taxonomicName>
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|
, a leptanilline genus, also possesses a pair of stout setae on the labrum (Bolton, 1990 a) but none on the clypeus.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="761B1EF9E54A41555D113D6EC9D34311" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Lévieux" lsidName-HNS="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Levieux" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apomyrma</taxonomicName>
|
|
workers have no eyes and those of (he queen are placed in a posterior position on the head in agreement with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A22F78FDFACB2F62B1B8F54A9DE51F59" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="170" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
|
|
. With respect to the remaining putative synapomorphies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E5731B6B6EA882E124A457DB2F38C776" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="170" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, however,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="867D6FB08BA0BA35B252C8F5468995AC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Lévieux" lsidName-HNS="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Levieux" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apomyrma</taxonomicName>
|
|
exhibits differences; it has a fully closed metacoxal cavity surrounded by a dis-tinct annulus; metapleural gland orifice opening posterolaterally, under a dorsal cuticular flap; non-amblyoponine petiole shape: sharp constriction between the petiole and abdominal segment 3: and an isolated posterior petiolar sternite that is much reduced in size, although flanked by apparent laterotergites (Fig. 39). It must be admitted, however, that most of these conditions could be derived from those seen in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0A48D554ABA5735BE63BC984D13B47D3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="170" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4602EF1427A2A7CB6B71298B328753B6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25197" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopone mutica (Santschi)" lsidName-HNS="Amblyopone mutica (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">Amblyopone mutica</taxonomicName>
|
|
provides an uncanny example of a petiole tending towards the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BDA7BAFE0D5CEE953087EF8F89465428" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Lévieux" lsidName-HNS="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Levieux" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apomyrma</taxonomicName>
|
|
condition.) The same could be said for the horizontal toruli, forward-placed spiracle on abdominal tergum 3, palp formula of 2,2, and transverse sulcus behind the helcial sternite (see Bolton, 1990 a: 280). Hence a close relationship between these two cannot be ruled out. The
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2C7B1A744863B9AE9BD13A7C374B23CF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="171" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
|
|
might even be paraphyletic relative to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5452AF302B16C3748CF4A30037567A99" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2355" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Apomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Lévieux" lsidName-HNS="Apomyrma Brown, Gotwald & Levieux" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apomyrma</taxonomicName>
|
|
(and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="70AB322D84C1216128D0E14D0E9322F4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2255" lsidName-HNS="Leptanillinae Emery" pageNumber="171" rank="subFamily">Leptanillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), although the morphology of the metapleural gland and gaster suggests otherwise.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EAA1A996B1C5B0F9ACBBBC6466B61BAE" pageNumber="171">
|
|
2. The ponerine genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2AB2229852DFD3E8C60D87C09DA63B8E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24856" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Typhlomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlomyrmex Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Typhlomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Typhlomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
, placed in its own tribe but sometimes considered a possible relative of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A556D431987BB0502B04B47ED7BC2BA3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="171" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Brown, 1974 b), has no specialized clypeal setae, a metapleural gland whose orifice opens dorsolateraly and is not visible in a strict posterior view (Figs 27, 33), open metacoxal cavities whose encircling cuticle does not overlap broadly (Fig. 21), and a differently shaped petiolar sternite (Fig. 40).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F6CCFF34F1F6A5671FD3AFE6195CD3F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24856" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Typhlomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlomyrmex Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Typhlomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Typhlomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
also lacks a petiolar laterotergite and the broad attachment of the petiole to the postpetiole. Brown (1965) cites additional differences between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="677BA5B819E70BD563FAE1EB6E7E60B1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24856" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Typhlomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhlomyrmex Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Typhlomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Typhlomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="80C79F4C881A0F544787A7C4806C01A9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230073" lsidName-HNS="Amblyoponini" pageNumber="171" rank="tribe">Amblyoponini</taxonomicName>
|
|
in wing venation and larval mandibles.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |