370 lines
45 KiB
XML
370 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C6CCB233A5D29D1AE74579EFD2A79C52">Systematics of the Neotropical genus Catharylla Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l., Crambinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="615E60128D999CF5E90531DAE8026265">Leger, Theo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED9C47060BBA8FFF109151BDEEA0A936">Nuss, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="19BC8AAFDFF20FDC31D92A8811AF4C62" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050780" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19BC8AAFDFF20FDC31D92A8811AF4C62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19BC8AAFDFF20FDC31D92A8811AF4C62" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="B9C4CEFC8F433F701CEA4AFE0EEB6499" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4CFA1025C5CD88EA3F901E53B6706241" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="A06537A17B5EF30430E9971F5F2FF6DC" ID-CoL="924SQ" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Catharylla" authority="Zeller, 1863" authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla Zeller, 1863</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13FCD85131BBD19D71A89E490311B482" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="692345307AE8EE5D8075D64F2195E562" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="EFC49E92FB874206F3443B98CB257E40" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="616705CD2BE0CF9AE219CA76A5F47294" author="Zeller, PC" journalOrPublisher="Wiegandt & Hempel, Meseritz & Berlin" pageId="47" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 56" title="Chilonidarum et Crambidarum genera et species." year="1863">Zeller 1863</bibRefCitation>
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: 50,
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<bibRefCitation id="330289BC9D69F3159C2A961BEA570ADD" author="Bleszynski, S" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia" pageId="43" pageNumber="58" pagination="197 - 389" title="A short catalogue of the world species of the Family Crambidae (Lepidoptera)." volume="7" year="1962">Bleszynski and Collins 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 226,
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<bibRefCitation id="178103C9FB841435B517CFEC9FD4DC56" author="Landry, B" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="1077 - 1090" title="The types of North American Crambinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the Natural History Museum, London." url="10.4039/Ent1251077-6" volume="125" year="1993">Landry 1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 1088,
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<bibRefCitation id="750788C7F62ED64C276A89258EB74C37" author="Munroe, EG" editor="Heppner, JB" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera & Scientific Publishers, Gainesville" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="34 - 79" title="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea 3." year="1995">Munroe 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 35,
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<bibRefCitation id="E1D70AA77BA7323941386BD5EB07AB8C" author="Nuss, M" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="45" pageNumber="60" title="Global Information System on Pyraloidea." url="http://www.pyraloidea.org" year="2003 - 2013">Nuss et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FDFF07F9E60D27605008E831FE0338A4" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="3EAD664801E2F0C640DD93315301930F" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8039D4431295EB36A983B3892CD16F31" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="73EC50C239F39983F00739F34885966D" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Crambus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crambus tenellus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellus">Crambus tenellus</taxonomicName>
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Zeller, 1839, by subsequent designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="3E6FB397E79473D98564A1D232BA80DC" author="Schaus, W" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="45" pageNumber="60" pagination="127 - 145" title="New species of Pyralidae of the subfamily Crambinae from tropical America." volume="24" year="1922">Schaus 1922</bibRefCitation>
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: 131.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DBF3553C35326F216866771FB44C15A1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1F1132485501697B65C17EB31B835ECA" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F5827C776F2E8CECA5DBDE266B03DCA" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="2C91255DC9E9D8687CCFDE6695456D84" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="9BB9723B7DF032B3B310ABAAA4585EE9" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" start="start">Catharylla</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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species have snow white to creamy white wings and short labial palpi. They can be separated from other
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<taxonomicName id="02AB61F1EC54C403B964A656FB9DBD30" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="tribe" tribe="Argyriini">Argyriini</taxonomicName>
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by the presence on the forewing of median and subterminal thin transverse lines, slightly curved, convex on costal 1/3. The labial palpi are also shorter in comparison to those of
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<taxonomicName id="3783160C4ABC736E7F6FEB444FDDA699" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Vaxi" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vaxi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Vaxi</taxonomicName>
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. The highly variable male genitalia do not show any synapomorphy or generic diagnostic character. In females, a possible synapomorphy is the strongly reduced anterior and posterior apophyses of abdominal segments VIII and IX, but this is shared with some
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<taxonomicName id="A8B0298A8E33BEC1E088EAB83FD0E6CC" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="tribe" tribe="Crambini">Crambini</taxonomicName>
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and a few other
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<taxonomicName id="E2BC632763235688DC3BACF5307BBFC8" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Crambinae">Crambinae</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="58CDCB745F48072233FCA1242DF70E67" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Landry 1995</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="84CEC3CCD2965BF423143390D5B4D774" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="B45AFB19DC12A9A925C0A8328F298A5B" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="174F5D69A79B6C870482F69697FF8663" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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Head white, chaetosemata present. Antenna brown, covered with light ochreous to brown scales. Maxillary palpus light ochreous to brown, white tipped. Labial palpus 1.0-1.95
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<normalizedToken id="A4CB9E4E0A2A458DD64B624025F83C1C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width of head, curved upward; white basally, light ochreous to ochreous, white tipped, with some brown or dark brown. Thorax white, with ochreous to brown scales at collar. Foreleg coxa white to whitish brown, femur dorsally brown to dark brown, tibia and tarsomeres distally ringed with dark brown. Midleg white to light ochreous with tibia-femur joint ashen brown, with pair of spurs at apex of tibia, tarsomeres
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<normalizedToken id="2A7D8B24CD94458E4036CE965DC52B69" originalValue="II–V">II-V</normalizedToken>
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dorsally brown to dark brown, with white tips. Hindleg white, with 2 pairs of spurs on tibia, tarsomeres as on midleg. Male frenulum simple, frenulum hook present; female frenulum with 3 or 4 acanthae. Forewing length: 7.5-15 mm in males; 9.5-22 mm in females. Wing venation (of
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<taxonomicName id="E5205B5EF9B427DA98A6A411A8A7AF88" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla chelicerata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelicerata">Catharylla chelicerata</taxonomicName>
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) (Fig. 9): R1 present and free, not connected to Sc; R2 free; R3 connected with R4 at 3/4; R5 stalked with R3+R4 at 1/4; M1 from upper corner of cell; cell opened between M1 and M2; M2 and M3 not stalked; CuA1 from lower corner of cell; CuA2 at distal 1/3 of cell; 1A+2A strong. Hindwing Sc+R1 connected to Rs at distal 1/3; M1 connected to Sc+R1 by short narrow vein; M3 connecting to M2 at distal 1/3, CuA1 connecting to M2 at half of length and CuA2 connecting at basal 2/5; 1A unforked; 2A unforked, strong; 3A present, unforked. Forewing (Figs 1-8) background snow white; pattern with costal margin ochreous to brown, sometimes faded; median and subterminal transverse lines thin, ochreous to brown, convex toward costa; outer margin ochreous, sometimes with dark brown spots between veins, or spots forming a continuous line; fringes white; verso light ochreous to ochreous; with marginal spots pronounced. Hindwing snow white to cream-colored; with hairs along 2A and root of M2; with small dark brown spots on outer margin, sometimes in continuous line; sometimes with postmedian transverse line; verso white with marginal spots pronounced.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="ADCF26706E303370FF00D94B366F1FDD" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph id="2BA6BEFC0EE1242F2DD530219802428D" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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Figures 1-8. Habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="2A9EF1342737BCB62303F6D49160E567" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
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species: 1
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<taxonomicName id="5A799DD879C993181F53E5910C4A0E03" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla bijuga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bijuga">Catharylla bijuga</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, French Guiana, Pied Saut, Oyapock River (CMNH) 2
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<taxonomicName id="2096EBC53CE3D8AEA407834D021E9F7B" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla chelicerata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelicerata">Catharylla chelicerata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., Parcelles CIRAD de Combi, plantations
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<normalizedToken id="494D606D13CC5AAC9DCF1A84606485FE" originalValue="expérimentales">experimentales</normalizedToken>
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pk 1.8,
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<geoCoordinate id="C6D4B74EE30DC97B6174EFF74739ADB5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.3">5°18'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="47179C96ADC34FD1E3468AD1BAA0BC6D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-52.925003">52°55'30"W</geoCoordinate>
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(MHNG) 3
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<taxonomicName id="61EA14C5F41EC477B69841E6CF911B44" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla gigantea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">Catharylla gigantea</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke, AM-010, km 26,
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<geoCoordinate id="35EC5B8A5B11893C8A9F869B0B4FB6E2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.9166667">2°55'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="280B428007400286F03F3ED3E1BE6998" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-59.983334">59°59'W</geoCoordinate>
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4
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<taxonomicName id="BBE82546DAF597753B5C0FFD3FE30D57" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla tenellus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellus">Catharylla tenellus</taxonomicName>
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Zeller, Brazil,
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<normalizedToken id="8C56C6BCF49565168E95C4A7AB3CF3C7" originalValue="Saõ">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo, Bertioga (Becker Coll.) 5
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<taxonomicName id="29A9E6E722EE7958B07AAF763FEF6557" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla coronata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronata">Catharylla coronata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, Brazil, Espirito Santo, Linhares (USNM) 6
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<taxonomicName id="5FCD6FA1B404F5CAB71D0537C732D96F" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla serrabonita" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrabonita">Catharylla serrabonita</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, Brazil, Bahia. Camacan, Reserva Serra Bonita,
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<geoCoordinate id="79E861A44104B77C61CEE11AEA35721C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.383333">15°23'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="731223E4D9215F97CBF9CC67DCBF2C8D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-39.55">39°33'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 800m (Becker Coll.) 7
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<taxonomicName id="788333545ED987CE17D2A897D332BF24" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla mayrabonillae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayrabonillae">Catharylla mayrabonillae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, Ecuador, Napo, Misahualli (Becker Coll.) 8
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<taxonomicName id="B072FBF434CC7CDC35F52E1B3F17F572" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla paulella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulella">Catharylla paulella</taxonomicName>
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Schaus, holotype, Brazil, Sao Paulo state, Sao Paulo (USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="6D77E5D73D67B68CC6ABBAA0B3DCEBA5" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph id="826AA463B38D9C77E115DCECAEE95D1F" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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Figure 9. Male wing venation of
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<taxonomicName id="525AF07B966A2D3B871B14662115F076" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
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species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5831BDC675D0043969E8C336268D3B4" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla chelicerata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelicerata">Catharylla chelicerata</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., paratype ♂, French Guiana, Roura, Camp Patawa; slide MHNG 6272 (MHNG).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="03F1634074D39FB7A2DD1BADDD581F26" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Tympanal organs (Fig. 10): Transverse ridge regularly rounded. Tympanic pockets more or less extending beyond transverse ridge. Tympanic bridge present, straight, lightly sclerotized. Tympanic drum more or less ovoid.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AE45C5BD71D676D2B078926366DCBBC" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="71DA1CB0843055FDE3074C04F5654A09" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Figures 10. Tympanal organs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5457F6311F647CDF03824B31F4C606C6" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="955AE6BC6A1BFCA3D60B54DC1CE469F6" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla paulella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulella">Catharylla paulella</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schaus, ♀, Brazil, Distrito Federal, Planaltina, slide BL 1751 (Becker Coll.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="918E17627A67BA3AF2864C902F601D9C" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Male genitalia (Figs 11-33): Uncus long, basally wide, straight or downcurved, bare or setose. Gnathos arms connecting at 1/4 to 1/2 from base, thin, slightly curved to hook shaped, with apex pointing upward. Tegumen arms enlarging toward uncus, connecting dorsally. Valva with cucculus long, densely setose on inner side, apically more or less rounded, slightly curved upward; costal arm present, variable in shape. Transtilla present only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="952508901C9E3A53E2C74CA1A813A8FD" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla tenellus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellus">Catharylla tenellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, strongly developed. Juxta medially curved downward, narrowing toward rounded apex, slightly directed downward apically, basally triangular, sometimes with additional lobes at base or ventro-lateral projections. Vinculum of medium width; saccus short, rounded, directed anterad and slightly upward. Phallus straight or curved, usually more strongly sclerotized at apex; vesica without cornuti, with one cornutus, or with crest of cornuti.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5A7047FD04E24FCF215A37E9F874AD82" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="9628CD75B5A18A45A88C78DAA26F5222" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Figures 11-16. Male genitalia features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66655B774003919B869DEAE6F7B0AA6C" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
species: 11-12
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B95580A44352DBB82C2A2B3B82602618" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla bijuga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bijuga">Catharylla bijuga</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., paratype, French Guyana, St-Jean-de-Maroni, slide BL 1719 ♂ (BMNH) 11 Genitalia without phallus. cu: cucculus; c. a.: costal arm; g: gnathos; j: juxta; t: tegumen; u: uncus; v: vinculum 12 Phallus in lateral view. v: vesica; c: cornutus 13-14
|
||
<taxonomicName id="009A1704D053694069D0CDD05C5D5639" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla chelicerata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelicerata">Catharylla chelicerata</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., paratype, Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Mirapinima, slide BL 1714 ♂ (MHNG) 13 Genitalia without phallus 14 Phallus in lateral view 15-16
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6695E211591766E51F833C7F9DE94F9" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla gigantea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">Catharylla gigantea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., holotype, Brazil, Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, slide BL 1747 ♂ (BMNH) 15 Genitalia without phallus. 1 6 Phallus in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F9500CF2F9A04CFD73E300262C905CEF" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="03BBF89A0856A42424E067E264225D04" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Figures 17-22. Male genitalia features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04252D0257EB3BABCCBCDA3C714D95F2" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
species: 17-18
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB02943C4B209F0E6A65BE7450480E52" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla tenellus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellus">Catharylla tenellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Zeller 17 Genitalia without phallus, Brazil, Minas Gerais,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D29DFE3486C1E8079845CE6D14A963EA" originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
|
||
, slide BL 1755 ♂ (Becker Coll.) 18 Phallus in lateral view, Brazil,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F4B62C93B3BC06ECF811ED71B62F94E7" originalValue="Saõ">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo, Bertioga, slide BL 1746 ♂ (USNM) 19-20
|
||
<taxonomicName id="035C89C4554B3DB7C5C143D0BFB5EA3F" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla coronata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronata">Catharylla coronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. paratype, Brazil,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EC3CA1867FA845E604D034C6FBC1762F" originalValue="Paranà">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Rio Negro, slide BL 1730 ♂ (ISZP) 19 Genitalia without phallus 20 Phallus in ventral view 21-22
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB21F68E255D454F03B580F8A901F392" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla serrabonita" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrabonita">Catharylla serrabonita</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. paratype, Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, Serra Bonita Reserve, slide BL 1776 ♂ (MHNG) 21 Genitalia without phallus 22 Phallus in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C029D2EEDCDDEB1991655FA59F32DFA8" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="A6EF2B4C37D311729BA911A2F936DFC5" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Figures 23-29. Male genitalia features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FFB04B8CAAA765187AF0C224C9A490A" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
species: 23-24 Vinculum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A105BE42BB09D7E921D7C66F4DB960F7" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla serrabonita" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrabonita">Catharylla serrabonita</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. 23 Brazil,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DE2A0B7A7DD0E2CCF008A890AD6EE70E" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santo, Linhares, slide BL 1745 ♂ (USNM) 24 Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, Serra Bonita Reserve, slide BL 1776 ♂ (MHNG) 25-26 Uncus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66C6CC369895BC5E77C4B8E55A609B8B" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla serrabonita" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrabonita">Catharylla serrabonita</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. 25 Brazil,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A6346EDBAC9A08B3725D0ED281B33429" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santo, Linhares, slide BL 1745 ♂ (USNM) 26 Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, Serra Bonita Reserve, slide BL 1776 ♂ (MHNG) 27-29 Costal arm of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6484EA213AB5C9839299594633E7D7F5" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla tenellus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellus">Catharylla tenellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
27
|
||
<normalizedToken id="90E86385D1F9D71122F1ED3D8E5F2885" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo, Ubatuba, Picinguaba, slide BL 1757 ♂ 28 Minas Gerais,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="403DA4960E087E803797CCF348DF9222" originalValue="Caraça">Caraca</normalizedToken>
|
||
, slide BL 1746 ♂ 29 Brazil, Bahia, Porto Seguro, A.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7FD27C55FD2FAF1DAACF772EB0C7536E" originalValue="d’Ajuda">d'Ajuda</normalizedToken>
|
||
, slide TL 9 ♂.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D64B20B1C841D9BC86731160ADB968D2" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="BAE03C614E243AE68C146D0B5559F50D" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Figure 30-33. Male genitalia features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A63920389FCC45B19BEFC7558CC7E42" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. 30-31
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEAB2E14CDA1B1093048A7C2308A19C5" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla mayrabonillae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayrabonillae">Catharylla mayrabonillae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., paratype, Peru, Agnaytia, Huallaga, 400 m, slide BL 1724 ♂ (CNC) 30 Genitalia without phallus 31 Phallus in lateral view 32-33
|
||
<taxonomicName id="524CCBEE20AB6A995163710CD1D32931" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla paulella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulella">Catharylla paulella</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schaus, Bolivia, provincia del Sara, slide GS-6682-SB (BMNH) 32 Genitalia without phallus 33 Phallus in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B5F31C304E4B2B1D415E1A26E831F94" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Female genitalia (Figs 34-41): Papillae anales strongly setose, connecting dorsally and ventrally, usually slightly produced dorsally, with basal band of sclerotization. Poste
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="86EECE7782B4D73F8C689FB0074F2027" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" start="start">rior</pageBreakToken>
|
||
apophyses 0.25-0.45
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F52F95E1AE73A00079F4CF8920B1B81B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of papillae anales, straight, regularly thin. Tergite VIII narrow, with postero-dorsal line of setae. Anterior apophyses reduced, 0.01-0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AFF3302F05066C7981B9C3BA12C6DE03" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of papillae anales. Sternite VIII about twice length of tergite, not connecting ventrally in tenellus species group. Sterigma present, strongly sclerotized except in tenellus species group, usually forming pockets of variable shape; reduced to sclerotized lamella antevaginalis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA26B647627ADEE7FB4AE92F558403A0" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla bijuga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bijuga">Catharylla bijuga</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Ductus seminalis connecting posteriorly at base of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae long, at least 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7E6C164EBA0B5A48D561158585DCD98F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of corpus, wide, basally curved. Corpus bursae usually rounded, egg-shaped, often enlarging progressively from ductus bursae, usually with one signum, sometimes without; corpus and ductus bursae covered with minute spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1E295B44B7E3DA767BA4F129D12B9114" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="1BA79EA5242CC87521A85C58D8ADF772" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figures 34-41. Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B1D17EE745BB7C741495A143EE7D48C" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. 34
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9ECFAEE5806F165FD0F21691C4AC56B6" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla bijuga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bijuga">Catharylla bijuga</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in lateral view, paratype, Suriname, Sipaliwini District, Thibiti area, Kabo-Creek, slide BL 1732 ♀ (Schouten Coll.) 35
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B74E562707C590E1D6B837E42C545FE" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla chelicerata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelicerata">Catharylla chelicerata</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., paratype, Brazil, Reserva Ducke, slide BL 1711 ♀ (CNC); pap: papillae anales; p. a.: posterior apophyses; s: segment VIII; a. a.: anterior apophyses; st: sterigma; d: ductus bursae; c: corpus bursae 36
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4976DEFCCC8695C83F5B3E8896001F1" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla gigantea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">Catharylla gigantea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. paratype, French Guyana, Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, slide n°6679SB (BMNH) 37
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01ACEC3AFDCD867C2792487E39F2C0F5" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla tenellus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellus">Catharylla tenellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Zeller, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, slide BL 1733 ♀ (CMNH) 38
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80D5FC63213B8651D691A922208C9E3C" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla coronata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronata">Catharylla coronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. paratype, Brazil,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="695365D7A36341B4D848B64A1E3211B0" originalValue="Paranà">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Curitiba, slide BL 1753 ♀ (Becker Coll.) 39
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC63DE1358E6A389953C08D0D1AC4348" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla serrabonita" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrabonita">Catharylla serrabonita</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. paratype, Brazil,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F3AD3B264F980E4D50173A54E5CE09EA" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santo, Linhares, slide BL 1759 ♀ (Becker Coll.) 40
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68026073F8B045CA82C670D891783A00" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla mayrabonillae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayrabonillae">Catharylla mayrabonillae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. paratype, French Guyana, Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, slide BL 1720 ♀ (BMNH) 41
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA9FEBEB385D70F40D69506DC973345D" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla paulella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulella">Catharylla paulella</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schaus, Brazil, Distrito Federal, Planaltina, slide BL 1751 ♀ (Becker Coll.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0A01C6BE4E63C877AAB94D8B91A3D6AC" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD17F17818AC53BB89295428122CD15E" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figure 42. 50% majority-rule consensus tree of the combined Bayesian analysis of the morphological and molecular datasets combined with 3'000'000 generations. Values above branches are the respective BS supports of the phylogenetic analyses with Maximum Likelihood algorithm of mol_1 (gene + codon partition, 800 BS replicates), mol_2 (gene partition, 450 BS replicates), nucl_1 (gene partition, 150 BS replicates), and nucl_2 (gene partition, 150 BS replicates). Values below branches are the BS supports of the phylogenetic analysis of the morphological data and the PP of the combined Bayesian analysis.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D5E8DC9AE3F770B74CB73FB68E6C4AD1" originalValue="“-”">"-"</normalizedToken>
|
||
represent values under the majority rule;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DB138C4E3EB0684137F6970F26E119C1" originalValue="“*”">"*"</normalizedToken>
|
||
represent the absence of value because of the absence of one or several taxa in the considered analysis. Boxes upon branches represent character changes: black boxes represent unique transformations to the apomorphic state; grey boxes represent multiple transformations to the apomorphic state; white boxes represent reversals to the plesiomorphic state.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A9F2382BB84870A2EFC420C3C2655774" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="34815586C51CA115411FC343CA513E75" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C2F244BFFE7A20ACD67AD7260BA05505" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">The genus is restricted to the Neotropical Region, from Costa Rica to Santa Catarina, Brazil, from sea level to 1300 m (Figs 43-46).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9CD61F4C9DB26F6928146E0E9715BD04" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="89EC237AAF9F3E84F7B7E99593675647" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figure 43. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5A4C0CC1A166C4E72774180DA9586E2" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla chelicerata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelicerata">Catharylla chelicerata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(yellow) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C5EC734325AFC257EA47341D2A9EE0D" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla gigantea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">Catharylla gigantea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(orange) with the pluviometry and the biomes reported. Distribution of the biomes taken from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="074F1625097B3781AAEF17CD46FACE92" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Vanzolini and Heyer (1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: map n°3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DC28686FD3AE650D73C65CCA46D73DD8" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="656319F50F90C2DFD3E1DE074EAB647F" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figure 44. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78520438526BB0B755051C5740945D8D" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla mayrabonillae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayrabonillae">Catharylla mayrabonillae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DD7CEAFDE63376015FB8EB1F1718135" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla paulella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulella">Catharylla paulella</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red), and distance between barcode haplotypes 07-SRNP-113921 and LEP 1226 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22D74FFE679A5A187AB88AB04F5C282D" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla mayrabonillae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayrabonillae">Catharylla mayrabonillae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="255EDCF5AD4EDF137BBE815D66A3349B" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="7372A26DCBE17C13C9AC4D58CA2DED94" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figure 45. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0AA66F36CE194123A078F462453FA2F" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla bijuga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bijuga">Catharylla bijuga</taxonomicName>
|
||
(green),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7763514839F4F2FC323255A6F533892F" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla coronata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronata">Catharylla coronata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(light purple),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EABD90B737CC3483059C8CE8C371F23C" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla serrabonita" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrabonita">Catharylla serrabonita</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sky blue) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E3C0440EDFAC3077C26F4E244715DB7" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla tenellus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellus">Catharylla tenellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(blue), and distances between barcode haplotypes BC MTD 01839 and BC MTD 1840 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F82C3D9080C89B8DF5B3989B40FD4018" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla bijuga" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bijuga">Catharylla bijuga</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and BC MTD 1709 and BC MTD 1842 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3AB7CD421F843CDDFFA055D3B6BB5EC" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla tenellus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenellus">Catharylla tenellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="676F82617D829F56737CBE2D1C2C0D5C" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="56425326073E90BFECBFA88969D20A4F" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figure 46. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E284D004E8693F7B6AD6F7ED190B21E" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla serrabonita" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrabonita">Catharylla serrabonita</taxonomicName>
|
||
and percentage of nucleotide differences in barcode sequences between different samples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB4427D6BCCCBEA03B331A160528ABDA" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="536CC0906425D37E4F0B5215334B822B" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF6ECADEC2C256036DC4180C9F7353BC" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
The biology of the species remains unknown. In the Serra Bonita Reserve in march 2011, we observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A710C6D7A064CAE23AF3E1C01E2FBF42" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla serrabonita" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrabonita">Catharylla serrabonita</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its environment, i.e. forested hills up to about 950 m in elevation, surrounded by cacao or coffee plantations in the lowlands. The moths were coming to light, usually very late (after 23:00).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4BFD7696AC392C2FDA15FE47ADF1812" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" type="phylogenetic relationships and monophyly">
|
||
<paragraph id="E5F1569CB5E30BFD0AE668290BED304D" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Phylogenetic relationships and monophyly.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD4344AFC566E87954C0C0A1FA6D45A1" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Presumably, given the reduced labial palpi and the forewing color and pattern,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B3FEF0043C8E48C9212C973023FDD9C" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been placed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02DF6BCF8C9A4C00B4E741EBAF9A9E92" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" rank="tribe" tribe="Argyriini">Argyriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8EC4C7D62EA8FA21A3DBA5D35F12721D" author="Munroe, EG" editor="Heppner, JB" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera & Scientific Publishers, Gainesville" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="34 - 79" title="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea 3." year="1995">Munroe 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). But our phylogenetic analyses do not support tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC1902AA8B15C1E56BBCE02B850B7E29" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" rank="tribe" tribe="Argyriini">Argyriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50333700B6716B235E66502A01ACC199" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Catharylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catharylla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catharylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
included, and the genus seems to be most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DE28BB900BAB1E5D3C75DA18636617F" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Micrelephas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micrelephas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Micrelephas</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |