279 lines
34 KiB
XML
279 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="91AD60C96D047DD3BE1D4D3D3F59ADC0">Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) with notes on related genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="41AF364E2712368F4A5F91445C2F6000">Bertani, Rogério</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B9CD17559D0B9AA21CD38FC881119F5B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="825AE0447E7EBBCDC7C961DF0B068514">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="67D16F5963A15CC93482E67CE596DA8B">2023-12-27</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C348653CFFFDFFD399CAFC13FDADFC26" box="[151,635,967,994]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED36B7FFFDFFD399CAFC13FDADFC26" blockId="109.[151,635,967,994]" box="[151,635,967,994]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<heading id="D0A581DBFFFDFFD399CAFC13FDADFC26" bold="true" box="[151,635,967,994]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD399CAFC13FDADFC26" ID-CoL="7G5PB" authority="(Mello-Leitao, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[151,635,967,994]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sorocabae">
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<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD399CAFC13FDADFC26" bold="true" box="[151,635,967,994]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD399CAFC13FEA3FC25" bold="true" box="[151,373,967,994]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Vitalius sorocabae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD398D8FC13FDA5FC26" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[389,627,967,993]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 438" refId="ref74275" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1923) Theraphosoideas do Brasil. Revista do Museu Paulista, 13, 1 - 438." type="journal article" year="1923">Mello-Leitão, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348653CFFFDFFD399CAFBD8FC33FB59" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BED36B7FFFDFFD399CAFBD8FB86FBE3" blockId="109.[151,1437,1036,1183]" box="[151,1104,1036,1060]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB421199FFFDFFD399CAFBD8FB86FBE3" box="[151,1104,1036,1060]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF310A6FFFDFFD399CAFBD8FD4BFBE3" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[151,669,1036,1060]" page="233" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="1923">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD399CAFBD8FD4BFBE3" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1923: 233" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityPageNumber="233" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,669,1036,1060]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pamphobeteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sorocabae">
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<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD399CAFBD8FE4AFBE3" box="[151,412,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Pamphobeteus sorocabae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD398FFFBD8FD4BFBE3" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[418,669,1036,1060]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 438" refId="ref74275" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1923) Theraphosoideas do Brasil. Revista do Museu Paulista, 13, 1 - 438." type="journal article" year="1923">Mello-Leitão, 1923: 233</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF310A6FFFDFFD39BFAFBD8FCB1FBE3" author="Bucherl, W." box="[679,871,1036,1060]" page="257" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="1947">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39BFAFBD8FCB1FBE3" author="Bucherl, W." box="[679,871,1036,1060]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="233 - 282" refId="ref72010" refString="Bucherl, W. (1947) Estudo comparativo das especies brasileiras do genero Pamphobeteus Pocock, 1901 (Mygalomorphae). Memorias do Instituto Butantan, 20, 233 - 282." type="journal article" year="1947">Bücherl 1947: 257</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF310A6FFFDFFD39A2CFBD8FC0FFBE3" author="Bucherl, W." box="[881,985,1036,1060]" page="403" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="1957">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39A2CFBD8FC0FFBE3" author="Bucherl, W." box="[881,985,1036,1060]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="377 - 416" refId="ref72043" refString="Bucherl, W. (1957) Sobre a importancia dos bulbos copuladores e das apofises tibiais dos machos na sistematica das aranhas caranguejeiras (Orthognatha). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 29, 377 - 416." type="journal article" year="1957">1957: 403</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, f. 88─88a.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED36B7FFFDFFD399CAFBFFFEEFFBA6" blockId="109.[151,1437,1036,1183]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB421199FFFDFFD399CAFBFFFEEFFBA6" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD399CAFBFFFD72FB84" ID-CoL="7G5PB" authority="Lucas, Silva Jr. & Bertani, 1993" authorityName="Lucas, Silva Jr. & Bertani" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,676,1067,1091]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sorocabae">
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||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD399CAFBFFFE82FB84" box="[151,340,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Vitalius sorocabae</emphasis>
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Lucas, Silva Jr. & Bertani, 1993
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39BF3FBFFFC49FB84" author="Perez-Miles, F. & Lucas, S. M. & Silva Jr., P. I. & Bertani, R." box="[686,927,1067,1091]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="33 - 68" refId="ref74751" refString="Perez-Miles, F., Lucas, S. M., Silva Jr., P. I. & Bertani, R. (1996) Systematic revision and cladistic analysis of Theraphosinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Mygalomorph, 1, 33 - 68." type="journal article" year="1996">
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Pérez-Miles
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<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39A72FBFFFCB5FB84" box="[815,867,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al.</emphasis>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF310A6FFFDFFD39AF4FBFFFB81FB84" author="Bertani, R." box="[937,1111,1067,1091]" page="30" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39AF4FBFFFB81FB84" author="Bertani, R." box="[937,1111,1067,1091]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="29 - 42" refId="ref71292" refString="Bertani, R. (2000) Male palpal bulbs and homologous features in Theraphosinae (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 28, 29 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / 0161 - 8202 (2000) 028 [0029: MPBAHF] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Bertani 2000: 30</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, f. 33─34;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF310A6FFFDFFD39D94FBFFFA54FB84" author="Bertani, R." box="[1225,1410,1067,1091]" page="292" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="2001">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39D94FBFFFA54FB84" author="Bertani, R." box="[1225,1410,1067,1091]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="265 - 356" refId="ref71349" refString="Bertani, R. (2001) Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus, with notes on other theraphosine genera. Arquivos de Zoologia, 36, 265 - 356." type="journal article" year="2001">Bertani 2001: 292</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, f. 17, 74─82.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BED36B7FFFDFFD399CAFBBCFBF4FB47" blockId="109.[151,1437,1036,1183]" box="[151,1058,1128,1152]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD399CAFBBCFD70FB47" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1923" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,678,1128,1152]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pamphobeteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephalus">
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||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD399CAFBBCFE0EFB47" box="[151,472,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Pamphobeteus melanocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39883FBBCFD70FB47" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[478,678,1128,1152]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 438" refId="ref74275" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1923) Theraphosoideas do Brasil. Revista do Museu Paulista, 13, 1 - 438." type="journal article" year="1923">Mello-Leitão, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. First synonymized by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39ACCFBBCFBC8FB47" author="Bucherl, W." box="[913,1054,1128,1152]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="233 - 282" refId="ref72010" refString="Bucherl, W. (1947) Estudo comparativo das especies brasileiras do genero Pamphobeteus Pocock, 1901 (Mygalomorphae). Memorias do Instituto Butantan, 20, 233 - 282." type="journal article" year="1947">Bücherl 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED36B7FFFDFFD399CAFB53FC33FB59" blockId="109.[151,1437,1036,1183]" box="[151,997,1159,1183]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB421199FFFDFFD399CAFB53FC33FB59" box="[151,997,1159,1183]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF310A6FFFDFFD399CAFB53FD26FB58" author="Sherwood, D. & Gabriel, R. & Brescovit, A. D." box="[151,752,1159,1183]" page="709" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="2023">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD399CAFB53FD26FB58" authority="Sherwood, Gabriel & Brescovit, 2023: 709" authorityName="Sherwood, Gabriel & Brescovit" authorityPageNumber="709" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,752,1159,1183]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylviae">
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<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD399CAFB53FEE2FB58" box="[151,308,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu sylviae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39867FB53FD26FB58" author="Sherwood, D. & Gabriel, R. & Brescovit, A. D." box="[314,752,1159,1183]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="708 - 712" refId="ref75781" refString="Sherwood, D., Gabriel, R. & Brescovit, A. D. (2023) Nhandu sylviae sp. nov.: first record of the genus from Guyana (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology, 19 (4), 708 - 712." type="journal article" year="2023">Sherwood, Gabriel & Brescovit, 2023: 709</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, f. 1─8.
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39A15FB53FC09FB59" box="[840,991,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">New synonymy</emphasis>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348653CFFFDFFD099CAFB19FDD0FF12" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BED36B7FFFDFFD099CAFB19FDD0FF12" blockId="109.[151,1437,1229,2011]" lastBlockId="110.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
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<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD399CAFB19FED6FB20" bold="true" box="[151,256,1229,1255]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Remark.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39855FB19FD17FB20" author="Sherwood, D. & Gabriel, R. & Brescovit, A. D." box="[264,705,1229,1255]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="708 - 712" refId="ref75781" refString="Sherwood, D., Gabriel, R. & Brescovit, A. D. (2023) Nhandu sylviae sp. nov.: first record of the genus from Guyana (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology, 19 (4), 708 - 712." type="journal article" year="2023">Sherwood, Gabriel & Brescovit (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39AA2FB19FB8EFB20" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1983" box="[1023,1112,1229,1255]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39AA2FB19FB8EFB20" box="[1023,1112,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39D3AFB1AFB01FB20" authorityName="Sherwood, Gabriel & Brescovit" authorityYear="2023" box="[1127,1239,1229,1255]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39D3AFB1AFB01FB20" box="[1127,1239,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">N. sylviae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, based on a male deposited at the BMNH, from “near Isherton”,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3457627FFFDFFD39BEEFB25FCDBFACC" box="[691,781,1265,1291]" name="Guyana" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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||
, collected in 1952 by G. McDonnell; and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54FD3EFFFDFFD39DB2FB25FA8BFACC" box="[1263,1373,1265,1291]" count="2" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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||
from “
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3457627FFFDFFD399FFFAC1FED6FAE8" box="[162,256,1301,1327]" name="Guyana" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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||
”, collected by Gaubey, without further data, deposited at the MNHN. The authors stated “The description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD399B3FAEEFE89FA94" authorityName="Sherwood, Gabriel & Brescovit" authorityYear="2023" box="[238,351,1337,1363]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD399B3FAEEFE89FA94" box="[238,351,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">N. sylviae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
represents the first records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39B98FAEDFCC8FA94" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1983" box="[709,798,1337,1363]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39B98FAEDFCC8FA94" box="[709,798,1337,1363]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
north of the Amazon River”. In fact, all species of the related genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39866FA89FE42FAB0" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1983" box="[315,404,1373,1399]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39866FA89FE42FAB0" box="[315,404,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD398FFFA89FE21FAB0" baseAuthorityName="Bertani" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[418,503,1373,1399]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD398FFFA89FE21FAB0" box="[418,503,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Vitalius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39B58FA89FDAEFAB0" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1850" box="[517,632,1373,1399]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lasiodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39B58FA89FDAEFAB0" box="[517,632,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Lasiodora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39BDBFA89FD2BFAB0" authorityName="Galleti-Lima, Hamilton, Borges & Guadanucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[646,765,1373,1399]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Tekoapora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39BDBFA89FD2BFAB0" box="[646,765,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Tekoapora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39A57FA8AFC5DFAB0" authorityName="Galleti-Lima, Hamilton, Borges and Guadanucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[778,907,1374,1399]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Lasiocyano" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39A57FA8AFC5DFAB0" box="[778,907,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Lasiocyano</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39AC4FA8AFBF6FAB0" authorityName="Galleti-Lima, Hamilton, Borges and Guadanucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[921,1056,1374,1399]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Parvicarina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39AC4FA8AFBF6FAB0" box="[921,1056,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Parvicarina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39D73FA89FB1AFAB0" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[1070,1228,1373,1399]" genus="Crypsidromus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39D73FA89FB1AFAB0" box="[1070,1228,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Crypsidromus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39D84FA89FABBFAB0" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1241,1389,1373,1399]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Eupalaestrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39D84FA89FABBFAB0" box="[1241,1389,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Eupalaestrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD399CAFA55FEF9FA5C" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,303,1409,1435]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Pterinopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD399CAFA55FEF9FA5C" box="[151,303,1409,1435]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Pterinopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distributed south of the Amazon river, mainly in the Northeastern, Centralwestern, Southeastern and Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457627FFFDFFD3986EFA71FEA1FA78" box="[307,375,1445,1471]" name="Brazil" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD398DAFA71FDC8FA78" author="Bertani, R." box="[391,542,1445,1471]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="265 - 356" refId="ref71349" refString="Bertani, R. (2001) Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus, with notes on other theraphosine genera. Arquivos de Zoologia, 36, 265 - 356." type="journal article" year="2001">Bertani 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, this new species record is extraordinary. But, as Carl Sagan’s aphorism, “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence”. This is not the case. The specimens were not collected in the same locality and their conspecificity was not discussed. The authors presented an image of the spermathecae of the female which is compatible with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39BCDF9C5FC75F9EC" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[656,931,1553,1579]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloratovillosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39BCDF9C5FC75F9EC" box="[656,931,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu coloratovillosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39A85F9C5FB5FF9EC" baseAuthorityName="Dresco" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[984,1161,1553,1579]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripepii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39A85F9C5FB5FF9EC" box="[984,1161,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu tripepii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they did not discuss other diagnostic characters of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39B09F9E1FC8FF988" authority="(Bertani 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Bertani" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[596,857,1589,1615]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39B09F9E1FD7BF988" box="[596,685,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39BE7F9E1FC87F988" author="Bertani, R." box="[698,849,1589,1615]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="265 - 356" refId="ref71349" refString="Bertani, R. (2001) Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus, with notes on other theraphosine genera. Arquivos de Zoologia, 36, 265 - 356." type="journal article" year="2001">Bertani 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39AD6F9E1FBEDF988" box="[907,1083,1589,1615]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39AD6F9E1FC32F988" box="[907,996,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the carapace covered with long curled setae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD3983FF98DFE2EF9B4" author="Bertani, R." box="[354,504,1625,1651]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="265 - 356" refId="ref71349" refString="Bertani, R. (2001) Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus, with notes on other theraphosine genera. Arquivos de Zoologia, 36, 265 - 356." type="journal article" year="2001">Bertani 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the authors did not cite this character. Even though the spermathecae resemble two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD3999AF9A9FEACF950" box="[199,378,1661,1687]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD3999AF9A9FEF6F950" box="[199,288,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, spermathecae shape of theraphosids are simple structures which sometimes have similar shape in not closely related taxa,
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39897F976FE25F97C" box="[458,499,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">i.e.,</emphasis>
|
||
there is a lot of homoplasy (pers. obs.). Moreover, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E98815FFFDFFD39D38F975FB11F97C" box="[1125,1223,1697,1723]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39C70F976FA4AF97C" authorityName="Sherwood, Gabriel & Brescovit" authorityYear="2023" box="[1325,1436,1697,1723]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39C70F976FA4AF97C" box="[1325,1436,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">N. sylviae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a palp bulb with slender distal embolus that does not fit the incrassate embolus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39DD9F911FAE1F918" box="[1156,1335,1733,1759]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39DD9F911FB0BF918" box="[1156,1245,1733,1759]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39C15F911FF05F8C4" author="Bertani, R." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="265 - 356" refId="ref71349" refString="Bertani, R. (2001) Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus, with notes on other theraphosine genera. Arquivos de Zoologia, 36, 265 - 356." type="journal article" year="2001">Bertani 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the images presented by the authors show a double spur with short curved processes, and the metatarsus I surely folds on the retrolateral face of the retrolateral process. All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39D60F8D9FB38F8E0" box="[1085,1262,1805,1831]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39D60F8D9FB40F8E0" box="[1085,1174,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Nhandu</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with spur have both processes more or less straight and the metatarsus I touches the apex of the retrolateral process when folded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD399C2F881FEE0F8A8" author="Bertani, R." box="[159,310,1877,1903]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="265 - 356" refId="ref71349" refString="Bertani, R. (2001) Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus, with notes on other theraphosine genera. Arquivos de Zoologia, 36, 265 - 356." type="journal article" year="2001">Bertani 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The tibial spur shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39B04F882FD1EF8A8" authorityName="Sherwood, Gabriel & Brescovit" authorityYear="2023" box="[601,712,1877,1903]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39B04F882FD1EF8A8" box="[601,712,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">N. sylviae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39AB9F881FB47F8A8" box="[996,1169,1877,1903]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39AB9F881FBEFF8A8" box="[996,1081,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Vitalius</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is diagnostic of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD399B4F8ADFE57F854" author="Bertani, R." box="[233,385,1913,1939]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="265 - 356" refId="ref71349" refString="Bertani, R. (2001) Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus, with notes on other theraphosine genera. Arquivos de Zoologia, 36, 265 - 356." type="journal article" year="2001">Bertani 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The male bulb shape is very similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFDFFD39AF5F8ADFBACF854" authorityName="Lucas, Silva Jr. & Bertani" authorityYear="1993" box="[936,1146,1913,1939]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sorocabae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFDFFD39AF5F8ADFBACF854" box="[936,1146,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Vitalius sorocabae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39DD7F8ADFAC9F854" author="Bertani, R." box="[1162,1311,1913,1939]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="265 - 356" refId="ref71349" refString="Bertani, R. (2001) Revision, cladistic analysis, and zoogeography of Vitalius, Nhandu, and Proshapalopus, with notes on other theraphosine genera. Arquivos de Zoologia, 36, 265 - 356." type="journal article" year="2001">Bertani 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
f. 76─77), which also have whitish rings on the legs, as that showed in figs 6─7 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFDFFD39A91F849FA4EF870" author="Sherwood, D. & Gabriel, R. & Brescovit, A. D." box="[972,1432,1949,1975]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="708 - 712" refId="ref75781" refString="Sherwood, D., Gabriel, R. & Brescovit, A. D. (2023) Nhandu sylviae sp. nov.: first record of the genus from Guyana (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology, 19 (4), 708 - 712." type="journal article" year="2023">Sherwood, Gabriel and Brescovit (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Therefore, I consider a label mistake has occurred and the specimen is not from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457627FFFDFFD39D65F815FB44F81C" box="[1080,1170,1985,2011]" name="Guyana" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but from Southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3457627FFFEFFD099CAFF43FF09FF76" box="[151,223,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Due to this, I consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFEFFD098B5FF43FBBCFF76" authority="Sherwood, Gabriel and Brescovit, 2023 a" authorityName="Sherwood, Gabriel and Brescovit" authorityYear="2023" box="[488,1130,151,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Nhandu" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFEFFD098B5FF43FD40FF76" box="[488,662,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Nhandu sylviae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFEFFD09BC1FF43FB81FF76" author="Sherwood, D. & Gabriel, R. & Brescovit, A. D." box="[668,1111,151,177]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="708 - 712" refId="ref75781" refString="Sherwood, D., Gabriel, R. & Brescovit, A. D. (2023) Nhandu sylviae sp. nov.: first record of the genus from Guyana (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology, 19 (4), 708 - 712." type="journal article" year="2023">Sherwood, Gabriel and Brescovit, 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D34FFFEFFD09C1AFF43FDD7FF12" authority="(Mello-Leitao, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Vitalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sorocabae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EAA5FFFEFFD09C1AFF43FEDDFF12" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Vitalius sorocabae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B46FFFEFFD09844FF6FFE2FFF12" author="Mello-Leitao, C. F." box="[281,505,187,213]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 438" refId="ref74275" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1923) Theraphosoideas do Brasil. Revista do Museu Paulista, 13, 1 - 438." type="journal article" year="1923">Mello-Leitão, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |